Article(id=1241036329333609283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503438, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742918400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815718253, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815718253, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815718253, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815718253, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3093, endPage=3098, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036331338486604, articleId=1241036329333609283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of physical inactivity on depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: analysis of the chain mediating role of self-care ability and self-rated health, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating roles of self-care ability and self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms among elderly individuals.

Methods

Data from 8 279 participants (≥60 years) in the 2020 CHARLS database were analyzed using correlation and regression to explore the relationship between physical inactivity, self-care ability, self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The chain mediating effect model was used to analyze the multiple mediating effects.

Results

Depressive symptoms prevalence was 40.89% among people aged 60 and above. Physical inactivity (β=0.402, P<0.01), self-care ability (β=-0.186, P<0.001) and self-rated health (β=-1.724, P<0.001) directly predicted depressive symptoms. The simple mediation effects were 0.142 for self-care ability and 0.072 for self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms, with a chain mediation effect of 0.056.

Conclusion

Self-care ability and self-rated health have a direct mediating effect and a chain mediating effect between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Enhancing physical activity may improve body functional capacity, self-care ability and health, thereby reducing depressive symptoms risk.

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目的

探讨自理能力和自评健康在老年人身体活动不足和抑郁症状的中介作用。

方法

选取8 279名2020年CHARLS数据库中年龄≥60的老年人作为研究对象,通过相关分析和回归分析探究身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康与抑郁症状之间的关系,采用链式中介效应模型分析其间的多重中介效应。

结果

60岁以上老年人抑郁症状发生率为40.89%。身体活动不足(β=0.402,P<0.01)、自理能力(β=-0.186,P<0.001)及自评健康(β=-1.724,P<0.001)都对老年人抑郁症状有直接影响。自理能力和自评健康在老年人身体活动不足和抑郁症状之间的简单中介效应值分别为0.142和0.072,链式中介效应为0.056。

结论

自理能力与自评健康在老年人身体活动不足与抑郁症状之间存在直接中介效应和链式中介效应,通过适度的身体活动干预可充分调动老年人身体机能,增强其生活自理能力和健康水平,减少或预防抑郁症状的发生。

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李胜,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=65EAQSYWHcs6brmbOvm/VA==, magXml=ep07ykPpmuVO0MXaHRejww==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4jIwbqfPA7sLn6Ypq9n6oQ==, pdfFileSize=869934, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GeCo0rPBQrFVaYioGTDdNA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Umdkn7yanO/hOULx//BTzg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

肖先林与李胜为共同第一作者

肖先林(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理;

李胜(1971—)男,博士,教授,卫生管理与政策、健康促进与教育方向。

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Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 2024, 58(8): 34-41.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Theory and practice of smart sports services promoting positive aging, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139379238917092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, awardId=FJZY2017009; FJZY201701 8, language=CN, fundingSource=国家中医药管理局政策研究项目(FJZY2017009; FJZY201701 8), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241139379364746219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, awardId=CXTD2018021, language=CN, fundingSource=成都中医药大学杏林学者学科人才科研提升计划(CXTD2018021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139373853430408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139373857624713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, companyId=1241139373853430408, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139373866013322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, companyId=1241139373853430408, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都中医药大学管理学院,四川 成都 611137)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139373958288018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139373962482323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, companyId=1241139373958288018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都中医药大学健康政策与药事运营管理研究中心,四川 成都 611137)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139377510863678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Variable screening flow chart, figureFileSmall=MWLPh8UQhj5xP+m0v1hZJw==, figureFileBig=6HHUwWdx1CYxGbl+bJFypA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139377615721290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=图1, caption=变量筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=MWLPh8UQhj5xP+m0v1hZJw==, figureFileBig=6HHUwWdx1CYxGbl+bJFypA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139377766716247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Diagram of the chain mediation model of physical inactivity, self-care ability, self-rated health and depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=sWGlv8q+BD8TMlgnZLDubw==, figureFileBig=PqZThG5463M/Tb5O0J2lLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139377879962470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=图2, caption=身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康及抑郁症状的链式中介模型图, figureFileSmall=sWGlv8q+BD8TMlgnZLDubw==, figureFileBig=PqZThG5463M/Tb5O0J2lLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139378030957425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Categorical variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)60~64=1,65~69=2,70~74=3,≥75=4
文化程度文盲=1,小学及以下=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
婚姻状况已婚=1,其他=0
居住地类型城市=1,农村=0
有无收入有=1,无=0
是否患有慢性病是=1,否=0
夜间睡眠(h)<6=1,6~8=2,>8=3
是否患有身体活动不足是=1,否=0
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378135815035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

分类变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)60~64=1,65~69=2,70~74=3,≥75=4
文化程度文盲=1,小学及以下=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
婚姻状况已婚=1,其他=0
居住地类型城市=1,农村=0
有无收入有=1,无=0
是否患有慢性病是=1,否=0
夜间睡眠(h)<6=1,6~8=2,>8=3
是否患有身体活动不足是=1,否=0
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378219701124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of the differences in depressive symptoms among different survey subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数是否患有抑郁症状χ2 /tvP
有抑郁症状无抑郁症状
性别246.13331<0.001
4 1821 3592 823
4 0972 0262 071
年龄(岁)13.812830.003
60~642 8651 1071 758
65~692 6201 0831 537
70~741 538682856
≥751 256513743
文化程度284.85863<0.001
文盲2 1461 1131 033
小学及以下3 7601 6012 159
中学1 459461998
高中及以上914210704
婚姻状况81.97151<0.001
已婚6 5942 5334 061
其他1 685852833
居住地类型194.52651<0.001
农村4 9152 3162 599
城市3 3641 0692 295
有无收入47.81521<0.001
7 1353 0244 111
1 144361783
有无慢性病121.79051<0.001
1 140296844
7 1393 0894 050
夜间睡眠(h)427.64972<0.001
<63 3021 8031 499
6~83 1661 0022 164
>81 8115801 231
身体活动不足29.38571<0.001
4 5361 7362 800
3 7431 6492 094
自评健康得分8 27979.62±8.05*82.70±4.01*31.1448 277<0.001
自理能力得分8 2792.58±0.95*3.25±0.97*22.9828 277<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378353918863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同调查对象抑郁症状的差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数是否患有抑郁症状χ2 /tvP
有抑郁症状无抑郁症状
性别246.13331<0.001
4 1821 3592 823
4 0972 0262 071
年龄(岁)13.812830.003
60~642 8651 1071 758
65~692 6201 0831 537
70~741 538682856
≥751 256513743
文化程度284.85863<0.001
文盲2 1461 1131 033
小学及以下3 7601 6012 159
中学1 459461998
高中及以上914210704
婚姻状况81.97151<0.001
已婚6 5942 5334 061
其他1 685852833
居住地类型194.52651<0.001
农村4 9152 3162 599
城市3 3641 0692 295
有无收入47.81521<0.001
7 1353 0244 111
1 144361783
有无慢性病121.79051<0.001
1 140296844
7 1393 0894 050
夜间睡眠(h)427.64972<0.001
<63 3021 8031 499
6~83 1661 0022 164
>81 8115801 231
身体活动不足29.38571<0.001
4 5361 7362 800
3 7431 6492 094
自评健康得分8 27979.62±8.05*82.70±4.01*31.1448 277<0.001
自理能力得分8 2792.58±0.95*3.25±0.97*22.9828 277<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378450387862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation coefficients results between physical inactivity, self-care ability, self-rated health, and in the elderly depressive symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量身体活动不足自理能力自评健康抑郁症状
身体活动不足1
自理能力-0.060**1
自评健康-0.052**0.400**1
抑郁症状0.086**-0.384**-0.395**1
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378534273954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康及抑郁症状的相关性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量身体活动不足自理能力自评健康抑郁症状
身体活动不足1
自理能力-0.060**1
自评健康-0.052**0.400**1
抑郁症状0.086**-0.384**-0.395**1
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378647520171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis results of chain mediation model of depressive symptoms in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1(自理能力)模型2(自评健康)模型3(抑郁)
βtβtβt
(常量)81.436145.442***-0.506-3.120**32.46434.476***
性别-0.452-3.115*-0.011-0.4931.1598.598***
年龄-0.681-10.284***0.0131.238-0.220-3.556***
文化程度0.5346.715***-0.005-0.439-0.770-10.422***
婚姻状况0.1731.003-0.025-0.949-1.255-7.868***
城乡0.5854.127***0.1526.961***-1.630-12.365***
收入0.9824.942***0.2136.968***-0.213-1.148
慢性病-1.571-8.133***-0.640-21.478***0.6313.413***
睡眠0.6647.618***0.17212.839***-1.371-16.723***
身体活动不足-0.757-5.686***-0.041-1.999*0.4043.268**
自理能力0.04225.123***-0.188-17.773***
自评健康-1.755-26.436***
R20.0610.1750.280
v9,8 26910,8 26811,8 267
F60.054***174.869***291.5714***
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378781737906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

老年人抑郁症状链式中介模型回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1(自理能力)模型2(自评健康)模型3(抑郁)
βtβtβt
(常量)81.436145.442***-0.506-3.120**32.46434.476***
性别-0.452-3.115*-0.011-0.4931.1598.598***
年龄-0.681-10.284***0.0131.238-0.220-3.556***
文化程度0.5346.715***-0.005-0.439-0.770-10.422***
婚姻状况0.1731.003-0.025-0.949-1.255-7.868***
城乡0.5854.127***0.1526.961***-1.630-12.365***
收入0.9824.942***0.2136.968***-0.213-1.148
慢性病-1.571-8.133***-0.640-21.478***0.6313.413***
睡眠0.6647.618***0.17212.839***-1.371-16.723***
身体活动不足-0.757-5.686***-0.041-1.999*0.4043.268**
自理能力0.04225.123***-0.188-17.773***
自评健康-1.755-26.436***
R20.0610.1750.280
v9,8 26910,8 26811,8 267
F60.054***174.869***291.5714***
), ArticleFig(id=1241139378886595522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Chain mediation path analysis of depressive symptoms in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)标准误效应占比(%)
总效应0.674(0.4134~0.9352)0.133100.00
直接效应0.404(0.1617~0.6463)0.12459.94
间接效应0.270(0.1706~0.3661)0.05040.06
身体活动不足→自理能力→抑郁症状0.142(0.0925~0.1950)0.02621.07
身体活动不足→自评健康→抑郁症状0.072(0.0008~0.1398)0.03510.68
身体活动不足→自理能力→自评健康→抑郁症状0.056(0.0366~0.0768)0.0108.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379008230350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036329333609283, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

老年人抑郁症状链式中介路径分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)标准误效应占比(%)
总效应0.674(0.4134~0.9352)0.133100.00
直接效应0.404(0.1617~0.6463)0.12459.94
间接效应0.270(0.1706~0.3661)0.05040.06
身体活动不足→自理能力→抑郁症状0.142(0.0925~0.1950)0.02621.07
身体活动不足→自评健康→抑郁症状0.072(0.0008~0.1398)0.03510.68
身体活动不足→自理能力→自评健康→抑郁症状0.056(0.0366~0.0768)0.0108.31
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身体活动不足对中国老年人抑郁症状的影响——自理能力和自评健康的链式中介作用分析
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肖先林 1, 2 , 李胜 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(17): 3093-3098
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(17): 3093-3098
身体活动不足对中国老年人抑郁症状的影响——自理能力和自评健康的链式中介作用分析
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肖先林1, 2, 李胜2
作者信息
  • 1.成都中医药大学管理学院,四川 成都 611137
  • 2.成都中医药大学健康政策与药事运营管理研究中心,四川 成都 611137
  • 肖先林(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理;

    李胜(1971—)男,博士,教授,卫生管理与政策、健康促进与教育方向。

通讯作者:

李胜,E-mail:
The impact of physical inactivity on depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: analysis of the chain mediating role of self-care ability and self-rated health
Xian-lin XIAO1, 2, Sheng LI2
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503438
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目的

探讨自理能力和自评健康在老年人身体活动不足和抑郁症状的中介作用。

方法

选取8 279名2020年CHARLS数据库中年龄≥60的老年人作为研究对象,通过相关分析和回归分析探究身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康与抑郁症状之间的关系,采用链式中介效应模型分析其间的多重中介效应。

结果

60岁以上老年人抑郁症状发生率为40.89%。身体活动不足(β=0.402,P<0.01)、自理能力(β=-0.186,P<0.001)及自评健康(β=-1.724,P<0.001)都对老年人抑郁症状有直接影响。自理能力和自评健康在老年人身体活动不足和抑郁症状之间的简单中介效应值分别为0.142和0.072,链式中介效应为0.056。

结论

自理能力与自评健康在老年人身体活动不足与抑郁症状之间存在直接中介效应和链式中介效应,通过适度的身体活动干预可充分调动老年人身体机能,增强其生活自理能力和健康水平,减少或预防抑郁症状的发生。

身体活动不足  /  自理能力  /  自评健康  /  抑郁症状  /  链式中介
Objective

To explore the mediating roles of self-care ability and self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms among elderly individuals.

Methods

Data from 8 279 participants (≥60 years) in the 2020 CHARLS database were analyzed using correlation and regression to explore the relationship between physical inactivity, self-care ability, self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The chain mediating effect model was used to analyze the multiple mediating effects.

Results

Depressive symptoms prevalence was 40.89% among people aged 60 and above. Physical inactivity (β=0.402, P<0.01), self-care ability (β=-0.186, P<0.001) and self-rated health (β=-1.724, P<0.001) directly predicted depressive symptoms. The simple mediation effects were 0.142 for self-care ability and 0.072 for self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms, with a chain mediation effect of 0.056.

Conclusion

Self-care ability and self-rated health have a direct mediating effect and a chain mediating effect between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Enhancing physical activity may improve body functional capacity, self-care ability and health, thereby reducing depressive symptoms risk.

Physical inactivity  /  Self-care ability  /  Self-rated health  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Chain mediation
肖先林, 李胜. 身体活动不足对中国老年人抑郁症状的影响——自理能力和自评健康的链式中介作用分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3093 -3098 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503438
Xian-lin XIAO, Sheng LI. The impact of physical inactivity on depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: analysis of the chain mediating role of self-care ability and self-rated health[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3093 -3098 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503438
随着人口老龄化程度进一步的加深,老年人口数量持续增长。据统计,我国60岁以上老年人口已达2.64亿,占总人口的18.7%[1]。老龄化不仅带来了社会经济挑战,也使老年人群的健康问题日益突出,其中,抑郁症状已成为最常见的心理健康问题之一[2]
身体活动不足(physical inactivity)是非传染性疾病的重要危险因素,影响全球约31%的成年人,并导致世界每年约530万例死亡[3-4]。现有研究表明,适度的身体活动不仅有助于改善抑郁症状,还能促进心理健康[5]。然而,随着年龄增长,老年人肢体功能逐渐退化,自理能力(self-care ability)下降,进而导致情绪低落和抑郁问题[6]。此外,自评健康与抑郁症状呈负相关,即自评健康状况较好的老年人往往具有更积极的心理状态,从而降低抑郁症状的发生风险[7]
尽管已有研究表明身体活动不足与抑郁症状存在正相关关系,但其内在作用机制尚未完全阐明[8]。因此,本研究在国务院《关于加强新时代老龄工作的意见》的指引下,基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(CHARLS),旨在探讨自理能力和自评健康在身体活动不足与抑郁症状关系中的中介效应,以期为预防老年人抑郁症状、提升其晚年健康水平提供科学依据,助力实现《“十四五”国家老龄事业发展和养老服务体系规划》指出的积极引导老年人树立主动健康理念,培养老年人健康生活方式的目标。
本研究采用中国健康与养老追踪调查2020年数据进行深入分析。调查共涉及19 395名受访者,经筛选得到8 279份60岁及以上和关键变量完整的样本。筛选流程见图1
身体活动不足。身体活动可分为三种强度:剧烈、中度、轻度。在一周内,有一项未达以下标准,则为身体活动不足:(1)3 d至少20 min的剧烈活动;(2)5 d至少30 min的中度活动;(3)5 d的三种强度活动的组合,总代谢量(代谢量=系数*天数*活动时间)达到600MET分钟[9]。剧烈、中度、轻度活动系数分别为8.0、4.0、3.3。CHARLS问卷提供了参与不同强度身体活动的每日时间与每周活动天数。为避免高强度活动个体的错误分类,每周报告的活动时间限制为21 h,超过3 h的活动时间重新编码为180 min[10]。为标准化数据,本研究将10 min~0.5 h的活动时间定为30 min,0.5~2 h定为60 min,2 h4 h定为180 min[11]
抑郁症状。通过流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D10)简表评估老年人是否患有抑郁症状[12]。量表共有2道正向(反向计分)和8道负向自评问题,采用4级评分制,依次计0~3分,总分为0~30分,得分越高说明抑郁越重,如若总得分≥10分,则评定为患有抑郁症状[13]
自理能力与自评健康。CHARLS采用Katz的日常生活能力(activity of daily living scale,ADL)量表来评估老年人生活自理能力,该量表包含12道题目,每题设有4个选项。这4个选项分别赋分为7.0、6.0、4.0、1.5,总分越高,表明自理能力越强。将自理能力得分≤72分定义为日常生活功能障碍[14]。CHARLS问卷中自评健康评估采用李克特量表,从1(非常好)到5(非常差),得分为5~1分,得分越高,自评健康状况越好[15]
经过文献回顾并结合现实,本研究主要选取人口学特征、经济情况、生活方式作为协变量,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地类型、收入、慢性病、夜晚睡眠时长。各变量赋值见表1
采用Stata 17.0筛选样本及清洗数据,使用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。采用t检验或χ2检验对不同特征老年人的抑郁症状进行差异性分析;使用Spearman相关性分析探究60岁及以上老年人身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康以及抑郁症状之间的关系。并通过Process宏程序,利用bootstrap法(Model 6,重复抽样5 000次,计算95%置信区间)检验自理能力及自评健康在身体活动不足与抑郁症状间的链式中介效应,检验水准α=0.05。
调查对象共计8 279名,其中男性4 182名(50.51%),女性4 097名(49.49%);3 743名(45.21%)身体活动不足,530名(6.40%)患有日常生活功能障碍,3 385名(40.89%)患有抑郁症状。老年人抑郁症状在性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地类型、收入情况、慢性病、夜间睡眠、身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康等方面的差异具有统计学意义。见表2
Spearman相关性分析结果显示,身体活动不足与自理能力呈负相关(r=-0.060,P<0.01),与自评健康呈负相关(r=-0.052, P<0.01),与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.086, P<0.01);自理能力与自评健康呈正相关(r=0.400, P<0.01),与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.384, P<0.01);自评健康与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.395, P<0.01)。见表3
本研究在控制多个潜在影响因素的基础上,构建链式中介模型,探讨身体活动不足对老年人抑郁症状的影响,以及自理能力及自评健康作为中介变量的作用。模型1和模型2结果表明,身体活动不足负向预测自理能力(β=-0.757, t=-5.686, P<0.001)和自评健康(β=-0.041, t=-1.999, P<0.05)。在自理能力及自评健康作为中介变量的模型3中,身体活动不足正向预测抑郁症状(β=0.404, t=3.268, P<0.01),而自理能力(β=-0.188, t=-17.773, P<0.001)及自评健康(β=-1.755, t=-26.436,P<0.001)作为中介变量负向预测抑郁症状。见表4
在控制相关协变量的情况下,采用偏差校正百分位bootstrap(重复取样5 000次)进行中介效应检验。结果显示,身体活动不足对抑郁症状的总效应值为0.674,直接效应值为0.404,效应占比59.94%;间接效应值为0.270,效应占比40.06%。其次,自理能力与自评健康在老年人身体活动不足与抑郁症状之间起中介作用。此外,自理能力和自评健康在老年人身体活动不足与抑郁症状间存在链式中介效应。对效应差值进行检验的结果表明,自理能力的独立中介作用大于自评健康的独立中介作用,自理能力和自评健康的串联中介作用最小。见表5图2
本研究发现,60岁以上老年人身体活动不足患病率(45.21%)、患抑郁症状率(40.89%)均处于较高水平,与既往研究趋势一致[16]。考虑到身体活动不足在中国老年人群中流行率较高(45.21%),通过长期积累和中介效应的放大,可能产生较大的公共卫生影响。其人群归因分数(PAF)达6.72%,超过美国预防医学工作组(USPSTF)建议的群体干预阈值(PAF>5%)[17],属于中等优先级干预目标。因此,本研究结果支持在公共卫生层面制定身体活动促进政策。
本研究发现,身体活动不足会增加老年人出现抑郁症状的风险(β=0.404、P<0.01)。随着年龄增长,老年人身体机能退化导致活动水平下降,易引发负面情绪,心理弹性水平下降[18]。同时,自理能力与抑郁症状存在负相关关系(β=-0.186、P<0.001)。当自理能力下降时,导致老年人的环境参与及互动减少,容易产生持续性心理压力,增加抑郁风险[19]。研究还发现,自评健康与抑郁症状存在负相关关系(β=-1.728、P<0.001),自评健康是个体的主观健康感知,积极的自我健康评价可能会在一定程度上给予自身积极的心理暗示,获得良好的情绪反馈,持有积极乐观的生活态度,增强老年人外出活动和社会交际的倾向,减少抑郁症状的发生。我们应该重视通过体育参与、社会交往为老年人提供情感支持和服务支持;全面铺开长期护理保险制度,为失能老年人提供经济支持和护理服务,提高老年人的生活质量和自我健康评价[20]
本研究发现,自理能力及自评健康在身体活动不足和抑郁症状间存在中介效应。身体活动不足可能通过影响神经系统中的杏仁核、海马体等,加速大脑退化,使老年人认知、情感等功能衰退[21],各部分长期的累积作用会增加老年人失能风险,现实的生活自理窘境使其产生无助感和消极情绪,最终促发抑郁症状。而自评健康的中介作用途径可能在于长期身体活动不足通过影响神经营养物质(如BDNF)和生长因子(如IGF-1)的浓度,阻碍神经发生、减少血管生成及减弱突触可塑性,从而影响大脑结构[22],增加了不良健康结局发生的可能,不良身体状况使老年人产生低落情绪,进而产生抑郁症状。我们还发现,自理能力和自评健康在身体活动与抑郁症状间具有链式中介效应。身体活动不足会降低老年人自理能力水平,随着自理能力下降,老年人越来越不自信,对自我健康状况产生主观负面评价,陷入自责心理和负面情绪[7]
本研究创新性地探讨了老年人身体活动不足、自理能力、自评健康和抑郁症状的关系及作用路径,根据研究结果提出以下建议:与剧烈运动相比,休闲活动对老年人来说更容易参加,低强度的休闲活动有益于提高生活质量、改善心理健康和减少功能限制,老年人延缓生活自理能力下降需要保持适度的身体活动[23]。具体来说,社区层面:大力推广太极拳、八段锦以及广场舞等社交嵌入型老年人活动,增强社会归属感和社交,提升老年人的身体活动量和减少其孤独感[24]。社会层面:可穿戴设备和激励是提升老年人每日步数的最有效干预组合[25],建议开发老年人友好健康软件,结合步数奖励和虚拟社区互动,这尤其适用于独居或行动受限的老年人。政策融合:为了更好地推动《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提出的“推动体医融合”,结合上海体卫融合经验以及澳大利亚“Life!计划”,通过整合资源、科技赋能和社区下沉,提供个性化运动处方,构建“运动即良医”的全民健康生态,打造“运动-社交-健康”管理三合一模式[26]。综上,通过多主体的干预措施,改善老年人的身体活动,从而提升其自理能力和自评健康,降低老年人抑郁症状发生风险。
综上所述,自理能力与自评健康在身体活动不足与抑郁症状之间起着至关重要的作用。提升自理能力及优化自评健康是缓解老年人抑郁症状的有效策略。我们应重视老年人的躯体机能,加强身体活动和锻炼,通过适量的身体活动提高老年人身体机能,增强自理能力和身心健康。本文的研究仍存在一定的局限性。首先,本研究属于一项横断面研究,在一定程度上制约了因果关系的推断;其次,本研究自变量使用问卷中的自我报告,存在一定的自我报告偏差。未来应进行纵向研究,并优化测量工具以进一步探明其作用机制。
  • 国家中医药管理局政策研究项目(FJZY2017009; FJZY201701 8)
  • 成都中医药大学杏林学者学科人才科研提升计划(CXTD2018021)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503438
  • 接收时间:2025-03-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26
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国家中医药管理局政策研究项目(FJZY2017009; FJZY201701 8)
成都中医药大学杏林学者学科人才科研提升计划(CXTD2018021)
作者信息
    1.成都中医药大学管理学院,四川 成都 611137
    2.成都中医药大学健康政策与药事运营管理研究中心,四川 成都 611137

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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