Article(id=1241036328775774537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503578, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815718120, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815718120, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815718120, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815718120, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3099, endPage=3104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036330512216400, articleId=1241036328775774537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Incidence forecasting and control strategies for tuberculosis in Guiyang City based on a dynamic model, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To fit and predict the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guiyang City, assess whether the End TB Strategy target for 2035 (incidence <10 per 100 000 population) can be achieved, and provide a reference for relevant departments to optimize prevention and control measures.

Methods

Based on the anonymized tuberculosis case data from Guiyang City between 2010 and 2024, after excluding records with missing onset times and duplicate entries, a transmission dynamics model was constructed by integrating demographic and epidemiological data. Taking into account the latent period of tuberculosis, infection progression, and case detection, the Bayesian method was employed to estimate transmission parameters and predict incidence trends from 2025 to 2050. The effectiveness of various control measures was evaluated through parameter optimization strategies.

Results

The model achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.02%, and an R2 of 0.86 in fitting the 2010—2019 data. Projections indicated that under current strategies, Guiyang City would fail to meet the 2035 TB control target. However, with optimized interventions, the target could be achieved two years ahead of schedule.

Conclusion

Enhancing active case detection and preventive treatment for latent TB infections could enable Guiyang City to reach the End TB Strategy’s 2035 goal.

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目的

拟合并预测贵阳市肺结核发病趋势,评估是否能完成终止结核病战略(End TB Strategy)2035年目标(发病率<10/10万),为相关部门优化防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于2010—2024年贵阳市匿名化肺结核病例数据,在剔除发病时间缺失及重复记录后,结合人口学与流行病学资料构建传播动力学模型。综合考虑肺结核潜伏期、感染进展及病例发现情况,采用贝叶斯方法估计传播参数,并预测2025—2050年发病趋势。通过参数优化策略评估不同防控措施的效果。

结果

2010—2019年拟合平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)=5.02%,R2=0.86。预测结果显示,现有策略下贵阳市不能完成2035年肺结核控制目标,但通过调整策略,贵阳市能提前二年完成2035年肺结核控制目标。

结论

加强患者主动发现与潜伏感染者预防性治疗,贵阳市具有完成终止结核病战略2035年目标的可能性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
潘春柳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fYtYL5GMmX7Jvhal07rjfg==, magXml=2aGvvHVjlgbWmb5jL2SD+w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ug6RCcyzuJ7IEhI6VsQfrg==, pdfFileSize=2857081, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=sbasuFDM7iGRFdWLm4wvXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aAEjJTKNsaFBXW3VNLIYiw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王林(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病传播动力学建模与监测预警模型构建优化

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王林(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病传播动力学建模与监测预警模型构建优化

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2019, 41(9): 1021-1024.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Progression of preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of patients with tuberculosis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139380031648156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, awardId=Gzwkj2024-234, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫生健康委员会科学技术基金(Gzwkj2024-234), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139370472829840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139370481218449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, companyId=1241139370472829840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, the key Laboratory of Environmental 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articleId=1241036328775774537, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Diagram of tuberculosis transmission pathway, figureFileSmall=48hvPiir/C2ofaLe0pq+uQ==, figureFileBig=UjjbhE3JG4PEzEn+zSuiJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139378597196104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, language=CN, label=图1, caption=肺结核传播路径图, figureFileSmall=48hvPiir/C2ofaLe0pq+uQ==, figureFileBig=UjjbhE3JG4PEzEn+zSuiJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139378714636625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Posterior distribution of model parameters for MCMC sampling, figureFileSmall=tN9t/8n6F1F21aZROlsI6w==, figureFileBig=XiE3MPhtPjZ0HyXZtjrB6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139378806911319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MCMC采样的模型参数后验分布图, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139379662549387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameter definitions and values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数含义取值/yr来源
Λ总人口输入常数1.595×105贵阳市统计年鉴[8]
μ0自然死亡率4.72×10-3贵阳市统计年鉴[8]
β平均传播系数4.45×10-8MCMC估计
p1快速潜伏期中进展为I的比例5.49×10-5MCMC估计
h快速潜伏期比例0.05文献估计[9]
k潜伏感染者向活动性肺结核患者的进展率4.35×10-3MCMC估计
d1I类人群因病死亡率1.9×10-3文献估计[10]
d2J类人群因病死亡率0.04文献估计[11]
ω肺结核治愈率0.90中国疾病预防控制信息系统
p2慢速潜伏期中进展为I的比例0.56MCMC估计
sc结核杆菌自身清除率0.03文献估计[6]
θJ→I的进展率3.87×10-2MCMC估计
), ArticleFig(id=1241139379788378514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036328775774537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

公式中参数定义及取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数含义取值/yr来源
Λ总人口输入常数1.595×105贵阳市统计年鉴[8]
μ0自然死亡率4.72×10-3贵阳市统计年鉴[8]
β平均传播系数4.45×10-8MCMC估计
p1快速潜伏期中进展为I的比例5.49×10-5MCMC估计
h快速潜伏期比例0.05文献估计[9]
k潜伏感染者向活动性肺结核患者的进展率4.35×10-3MCMC估计
d1I类人群因病死亡率1.9×10-3文献估计[10]
d2J类人群因病死亡率0.04文献估计[11]
ω肺结核治愈率0.90中国疾病预防控制信息系统
p2慢速潜伏期中进展为I的比例0.56MCMC估计
sc结核杆菌自身清除率0.03文献估计[6]
θJ→I的进展率3.87×10-2MCMC估计
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基于动力学模型的贵阳市肺结核发病预测及控制策略研究
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王林 1 , 汪俊华 1 , 黄延 2 , 杨珂维 1 , 陈洪 2 , 张彬兵 2 , 张敏 2 , 刘珊 2 , 梁文艳 1 , 潘春柳 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(17): 3099-3104
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(17): 3099-3104
基于动力学模型的贵阳市肺结核发病预测及控制策略研究
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王林1, 汪俊华1, 黄延2, 杨珂维1, 陈洪2, 张彬兵2, 张敏2, 刘珊2, 梁文艳1, 潘春柳1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵阳市疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550081
  • 王林(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病传播动力学建模与监测预警模型构建优化

通讯作者:

潘春柳,E-mail:
Incidence forecasting and control strategies for tuberculosis in Guiyang City based on a dynamic model
Lin WANG1, Jun-hua WANG1, Yan HUANG2, Ke-wei YANG1, Hong CHEN2, Bin-bing ZHANG2, Min ZHANG2, Shan LIU2, Wen-yan LIANG1, Chun-liu PAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503578
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目的

拟合并预测贵阳市肺结核发病趋势,评估是否能完成终止结核病战略(End TB Strategy)2035年目标(发病率<10/10万),为相关部门优化防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于2010—2024年贵阳市匿名化肺结核病例数据,在剔除发病时间缺失及重复记录后,结合人口学与流行病学资料构建传播动力学模型。综合考虑肺结核潜伏期、感染进展及病例发现情况,采用贝叶斯方法估计传播参数,并预测2025—2050年发病趋势。通过参数优化策略评估不同防控措施的效果。

结果

2010—2019年拟合平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)=5.02%,R2=0.86。预测结果显示,现有策略下贵阳市不能完成2035年肺结核控制目标,但通过调整策略,贵阳市能提前二年完成2035年肺结核控制目标。

结论

加强患者主动发现与潜伏感染者预防性治疗,贵阳市具有完成终止结核病战略2035年目标的可能性。

肺结核  /  贵阳市  /  动力学模型  /  控制策略
Objective

To fit and predict the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guiyang City, assess whether the End TB Strategy target for 2035 (incidence <10 per 100 000 population) can be achieved, and provide a reference for relevant departments to optimize prevention and control measures.

Methods

Based on the anonymized tuberculosis case data from Guiyang City between 2010 and 2024, after excluding records with missing onset times and duplicate entries, a transmission dynamics model was constructed by integrating demographic and epidemiological data. Taking into account the latent period of tuberculosis, infection progression, and case detection, the Bayesian method was employed to estimate transmission parameters and predict incidence trends from 2025 to 2050. The effectiveness of various control measures was evaluated through parameter optimization strategies.

Results

The model achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.02%, and an R2 of 0.86 in fitting the 2010—2019 data. Projections indicated that under current strategies, Guiyang City would fail to meet the 2035 TB control target. However, with optimized interventions, the target could be achieved two years ahead of schedule.

Conclusion

Enhancing active case detection and preventive treatment for latent TB infections could enable Guiyang City to reach the End TB Strategy’s 2035 goal.

Tuberculosis  /  Guiyang City  /  Dynamic model  /  Control strategy
王林, 汪俊华, 黄延, 杨珂维, 陈洪, 张彬兵, 张敏, 刘珊, 梁文艳, 潘春柳. 基于动力学模型的贵阳市肺结核发病预测及控制策略研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3099 -3104 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503578
Lin WANG, Jun-hua WANG, Yan HUANG, Ke-wei YANG, Hong CHEN, Bin-bing ZHANG, Min ZHANG, Shan LIU, Wen-yan LIANG, Chun-liu PAN. Incidence forecasting and control strategies for tuberculosis in Guiyang City based on a dynamic model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3099 -3104 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503578
肺结核(tuberculosis)每年在全球造成约160万病例死亡,作为全球重大公共卫生挑战,其防控成效直接影响联合国可持续发展目标的实现。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的《2024年全球结核病报告》[1],我国在30个结核病高负担国家中估算新发患者数74.1万例,位居全球第三。耐药结核病负担占全球14%。西部地区疾病负担尤为突出,云贵高原地区年均发病率高于东部沿海地区,其中贵州省以117/10万的发病率位列西部第二,形成显著的“地理疾病热点”现象[2]
WHO制定的“终止结核病战略”(End TB Strategy)[3]确立了两阶段里程碑目标:2035年发病率降至10/10万以下,2050年实现消除目标(发病率<1/10万)。传染病监测报告系统显示,2024年贵阳市肺结核报告发病率为56.2/10万,距离2035年目标仍存在近6倍差距。且贵阳地区肺结核患者家庭发生灾难性卫生支出的比例较高[4],疾病负担较重。基于以上背景,本研究通过2010—2019年贵阳市肺结核报告情况,考虑肺结核可变潜伏期[5]、结核杆菌自身清除[6]及结核病发现[7]采用动力学模型与马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛相结合的方法,在市级层面整合贵阳市发病参数。预测未来贵阳市肺结核传播情况,并评估不同策略的防控效果,为贵阳市及其他高疫情地区肺结核防控策略优化提供参考依据。
本研究数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统2010—2024年贵阳市肺结核病例,均符合《WS 288-2017》诊断标准,将病案进行匿名化处理后剔除发病时间缺失、重复报卡的记录后纳入分析,人口学数据来自《贵阳市统计年鉴》,模型参数取自于公开发表的研究成果。见表1
根据肺结核的传播特点,将肺结核相关的总人群(N)分为五个类别:易感者(S)、潜伏感染者(E)、发现并报告的活动性肺结核患者(I)、未发现的活动性肺结核患者(J)、肺结核康复者(R),其中N=S+E+I+J+R。易感者S通过接触I,J成为潜伏感染者进展为IJ两类活动性肺结核患者(进展率k),发现后的活动性肺结核患者治疗后成为康复者治愈率(ω),未发现的肺结核患者每年具有一定的速率(θ)进入被报告管理的I类患者。模型假设所有人群混合均匀,个体之间的相互接触可能性相等,人口的变动仅来源于周期内的出生(Λ)、自然死亡(μ0)、肺结核患者因病死亡(d1/d2),且感染结核杆菌后可能因自身清除结核杆菌后不再进展为活动性肺结核。根据上述假设,建立如图1所示的肺结核传播模型。
模型可写作以下系统
模型中不考虑肺结核具体患病类型,研究的时间单位为一年,在研究周期内,模型参数被视为定值。
模型中仓室初始值来源于贵阳本地数据,J的初始值来源于第五次全国肺结核流行病学调查贵阳流行点。参数βKhp1、p2、θ基于贵阳市本地发病数据,通过马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)算法结合贵阳市肺结核疫情进行估计,其余参数来源于相关研究,2020—2022年报告数因受COVID-19疫情防控而出现异常降低,为了保证建模的准确性,未将此期间报告数纳入拟合,2023、2024年采取了大规模筛检,为科学反应肺结核在贵阳市传播动态,也未纳入模型拟合过程。其中βKhp1、p2、θ的先验分布分别为10-7~10-6、10-4~10-3、0.01~0.05、0.001~0.5、0.5~0.6、0.01~0.1的均匀分布。拟合精度使用平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage erro,MAPE)与决定系数R2进行评价。见图2
其中ŷ为指定年份拟合值,yi为真实值为真实值的均值。
用R 4.1.1软件进行模型的构建、分析及预测。 BayesianTools包用于参数估计,采样函数DEZs,deslove用于微分方程求解,ggplot2、gridExtra包用作结果可视化。
2010—2019年,贵阳市发病总体呈下降趋势。2020—2022年与其他地区报告情况一致,由于COVID-19期间实施的防控措施呈现大幅降低。2023—2024年,贵阳市由于开展大规模主动筛检导致报告数升高。利用表1中参数对模型2010—2019年发病数进行拟合。2010—2019年拟合值整体拟合程度较好R2=0.863,MAPE=5.02%。
基于拟合的参数,以贵阳市2024年发病情况预测2050年贵阳市肺结核发病情况。图3显示,主动筛检的实施在短期内提升了贵阳市肺结核发病数,但减少了未来的发病人数。在当前策略下,2024—2050年贵阳市肺结核发病将处于持续下降状态,但并不能完成2035年肺结核控制目标(发病率<10/10万)。
模型结果显示,贵阳市到即使到2050年也不能完成WHO 2035年肺结核控制目标。需要对策略进行调整,模型中可供调整的参数为βkθω。参数分别对应传染源移出、潜伏感染者预防性治疗、病例发现、治愈率提升等策略。以4分位数为调整的界值,参数βk做降低调整,θω做升高调整,θ最高调整为原来的两倍,治愈率最高至98%。调整对应的参数,评价不同策略对肺结核传播的影响。降低βk对贵阳市未来肺结核发病情况的改善明显。提高θ后,报告发病短期内迅速上升,但在2038年后,更高的病例发现降低了肺结核发病数。分别提高治愈率至95%、98%,较高的治愈率对于未来的发病情况改善较好。但单独的调整其中一项策略并不能完成WHO2035年目标。见图4
参数βkθ对贵阳市肺结核传播的动态过程具有重要影响。考虑到现有策略已达到了90%治愈率工作目标,故不对治愈率进行调整。组合不同的βkθ对2024年后贵阳市肺结核发病情况进行预测,进一步评估不同策略对疾病传播的影响。
βk降低25%,θ提升25%时,贵阳市将在2047年完成2035年肺结核控制目标;当βk降低50%,θ提升50%时,贵阳市将在2039年完成2035年肺结核控制目标;βk降低75%,θ提升75%时候,贵阳市能提前二年完成2035年肺结核控制目标。见图5
本研究选择基于仓室的动力学模型(SEIJR模型)进行肺结核传播模拟,主要因其能够整合肺结核传播中的关键动态特征,包括潜伏感染者的自然转归、未发现病例的持续传播风险,以及针对病例发现而导致的人群中传染源减少。相较于传统统计模型,动力学模型通过微分方程量化不同防控措施对传播链的阻断效果,为策略优化提供了机制性解释。这一方法尤其适用于贵阳市这类高疫情地区,需精细化评估多因素叠加的防控效果。
模型较好的捕捉了贵阳市肺结核疫情的传播动态。在之前研究中,针对贵阳市肺结核疫情采用的多种时间序列方法虽能短期拟合发病趋势[12],但均未实现长期预测(如2035年目标评估),且拟合精度(MAPE普遍>10%)低于本研究的5.02%。此外,基于全国数据的建模研究虽能反映整体趋势[6],但忽视了国内各地区结核病流行的异质性。全国统一参数无法反映不同地区的传播特征差异,对于各地区之间制定防控措施的指导意义有限。对于高疫情地区,若采用全国统一参数进行预测,可能会错误估计当地实际疫情发展趋势,导致防控资源配置不当,影响防控效果。本研究在市级层面评估组合策略对终止结核病目标的加速效果,为其他高负担地区提供了可操作的优化路径。
在当前的防控策略下,贵阳市距离2035年结核病控制目标尚有差距,发病率下降的速度不能达到设定的目标要求。其中主要的原因可能是存在大量的潜伏感染者与未检出的传染源,根据第五次结核病流行病学调查[13]结果显示,2010年贵阳市肺结核患者存量估算为33 862例,但检出并报告的仅4 832例,发现率不足15%。
在对模型的参数分析中,提升患者发现速率(θ)与降低传播率(β)能取得较好的效果,以上路径可通过减少人群中传染源以及隔离已发现的传染源实现。自2023年来,贵阳市开展了针对学生及老年人的大规模人群筛检,且已建立7个覆盖所有区(市、县)的肺结核病例集中住院治疗点。2024年贵阳市老年人群肺结核筛检工作中,总体检出率为50/10万,部分地区老年人检出率高达294.78/10万,提示人群中可能仍然存在大量的未报告的传染源,然而,鉴于全人群筛查策略在成本效益和可操作性层面几乎很难实现[14]。为移除更多的传染源,贵阳市应加强重点人群筛查,扩大筛查群体,同时政府需提供政策和资金支持以保障筛查工作的可持续性。
防止潜伏感染者进展为肺结核患者对肺结核控制具有明显效果,这与其他的研究一致[15]。我国存在大量的潜伏感染者,潜伏性结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection, LTBI)患病率约18.1%[16]。降低进展率主要通过预防性治疗实现,但预防性治疗在实施过程中存在诸多难点。首先,需从人群中诊断LTBI患者。目前,LTBI的诊断主要依赖结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)和干扰素-γ释放试验(IGRA)。然而,这些检测成本较高且无法准确区分潜伏感染与活跃感染[17]。其次,预防性治疗依从性差。尽管预防性治疗能够有效降低LTBI进展为活动性结核的风险,但治疗过程通常较长(一般为3个月到6个月)[18],且药物治疗过程中可能出现副作用。长期用药会导致LTBI患者中断治疗[19]。部分患者对潜伏性感染的风险认识不足,往往不参与预防性治疗。贵阳市在2023—2024年主动筛查工作中,对272 770位学生采取结核菌素皮肤试验,共检出活动性结核患者113例,检出潜伏感染者6 858例,仅79例接受了预防性治疗,接受率仅1%。要达成2035年终止结核病的目标,贵阳市必须通过多渠道宣传教育,提升公众对预防性治疗的认识及接受度。同时,优化结核病防控体系,增强基层医疗机构的诊断和治疗能力,更早发现并及时干预潜在的结核病患者。
本研究采用动力学模型较准确地模拟了贵阳市肺结核的传播动态,但仍存在一定局限性。首先,受限于动力学模型基于均匀混合人群、恒定传播率等简化假设,未能充分考虑现实中的社交网络异质性和个体行为差异。其次,模型对无症状传播、菌株变异、防控措施依从性差异等复杂因素的模拟能力有限。最后,模型假设系统相对封闭,未完全纳入人口流动、季节变化等外部因素的影响,因此在疫情突发或防控政策快速调整时,预测结果可能与实际存在较大差异。
贵阳市在现有策略下不能完成2035年终止结核病目标,需要对现有策略进行调整。在提升传染源检出与预防性治疗的背景下,贵阳市仍具有完成2035年终止结核病目标的可能。
  • 贵州省卫生健康委员会科学技术基金(Gzwkj2024-234)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503578
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
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贵州省卫生健康委员会科学技术基金(Gzwkj2024-234)
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    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵阳市疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550081

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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