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Article(id=1241036327920136515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501169, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815717916, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815717916, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815717916, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815717916, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036327177744706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='17', pageStart='3073', pageEnd='3264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815717738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840080282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138511152206263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036327177744706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3073, endPage=3079, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036328297623877, articleId=1241036327920136515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between serum liver enzymes and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese community-dwelling older adults, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the associations between serum liver enzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Based on the baseline data of the West China Health and Aging Cohort, a total of 7 422 participants aged 60 years and above without liver diseases were selected in this study. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between serum liver enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.

Results

Logistic regression models showed that compared with the lowest serum ALT level group, the highest group had a higher risk of CAD (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT and the risk of CAD (Pnonlinearity=0.796,0.122, 0.583, and 0.424, respectively). For stroke, the risk in the highest serum ALP level group was higher compared with the lowest group (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58); additionally, each one-unit increase in log10ALP was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.01-4.47). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP,ALT, AST, and GGT and stroke (Pnonlinearity=0.595, 0.669, 0.809, and 0.907, respectively).

Conclusion

Higher serum liver enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese older adults.

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目的

研究社区老年人群的碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（gamma-glutamyltransferase，GGT）四种血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联。

方法

利用华西老年人群健康队列的基线数据，共纳入7 422名60岁及以上且无肝脏疾病的研究对象。采用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型分析血清肝酶水平与冠心病和脑卒中的剂量-反应关系。

结果

Logistic回归模型显示，与低ALT水平组相比，高ALT水平组的冠心病风险更大（OR=1.35，95%CI：1.06 ~ 1.74）。限制性立方样条模型显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与冠心病风险均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity= 0.796、0.122、0.583、0.424）。对于脑卒中，与低ALP水平组相比，高ALP水平组的脑卒中风险更大（OR=1.27，95%CI：1.02 ~ 1.58）；此外，log10ALP水平每增加1个单位，脑卒中风险增加113%（OR=2.13，95%CI：1.01 ~ 4.47）。限制性立方样条模型显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与脑卒中均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity=0.595、0.669、0.809、0.907）。

结论

老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病风险存在正向关联。

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邱伶俐，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RK3u1ji1ls/z2rORnQjzQQ==, magXml=MSDo1NQZkvevYqEvTSwO8A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Sd8nL8KygQBjVRPTSrnVyw==, pdfFileSize=1181207, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eYrL17jpcu7+QZ66nBS6bw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7mgDQqpfDpgaI6jOao0xAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

沈明辉（1981—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向：数字健康、医学人工智能、健康医疗大数据、信息标准与基层卫生信息化建设

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沈明辉（1981—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向：数字健康、医学人工智能、健康医疗大数据、信息标准与基层卫生信息化建设

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沈明辉（1981—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向：数字健康、医学人工智能、健康医疗大数据、信息标准与基层卫生信息化建设

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Association between elevated liver enzymes and C-reactive protein: possible hepatic contribution to systemic inflammation in the metabolic syndrome[J].Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2005, 25(1):193-197., articleTitle=Association between elevated liver enzymes and C-reactive protein: possible hepatic contribution to systemic inflammation in the metabolic syndrome, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241139387396837655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, awardId=2022YFC3600600, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFC3600600), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241139378714629037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139378723017646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, companyId=1241139378714629037, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Health Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139378735600559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, companyId=1241139378714629037, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川省卫生健康信息中心，四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241139378844652478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241139378848846782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, companyId=1241139378844652478, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241139385995940044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flow diagram of participant inclusion and exclusion, figureFileSmall=0v80j5lrqXCF2TbMJoGHJQ==, figureFileBig=QcicaNNNEO4Ba7QAipwO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386100797648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究对象的纳入排除流程图, figureFileSmall=0v80j5lrqXCF2TbMJoGHJQ==, figureFileBig=QcicaNNNEO4Ba7QAipwO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386226626775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Nonlinear association between serum liver enzymes and coronary artery disease, figureFileSmall=5HkijkzqeVPq+gEcpfQMlQ==, figureFileBig=sdRUrolcEWGmy8iRdKtX1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386310512859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=图2, caption=血清肝酶水平与冠心病的非线性关联

注：A为血清ALP与冠心病的非线性关联；B为血清ALT与冠心病的非线性关联；C为血清AST与冠心病的非线性关联；D为血清GGT与冠心病的非线性关联。

, figureFileSmall=5HkijkzqeVPq+gEcpfQMlQ==, figureFileBig=sdRUrolcEWGmy8iRdKtX1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386411176165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Nonlinear association between serum liver enzymes and stroke, figureFileSmall=wSSzPFx6HuU0VK8ex6t8oA==, figureFileBig=4+VaYyY/+ijqXjOTVKWh1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386583142635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=图3, caption=血清肝酶水平与脑卒中的非线性关联

注：A为血清ALP与脑卒中的非线性关联；B为血清ALT与脑卒中的非线性关联；C为血清AST与脑卒中的非线性关联；D为血清GGT与脑卒中的非线性关联。

, figureFileSmall=wSSzPFx6HuU0VK8ex6t8oA==, figureFileBig=4+VaYyY/+ijqXjOTVKWh1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241139386688000242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the study population ［（）, n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总样本
(n=7 422)		无心血管疾病
(n=6 391)		冠心病
(n=463)		χ2/t值P值脑卒中
(n=568)		χ2/t值P值
年龄（岁）69.1±6.168.6±5.972.1±6.6-11.143<0.00171.9±6.3-11.985<0.001
性别7.7450.0050.3450.557
女4 040 (54.4)3 445 (53.9)281 (60.7)314 (55.3)
男3 382 (45.6)2 946 (46.1)182 (39.3)254 (44.7)
民族1.8100.1791.7440.187
少数85 (1.1)80 (1.3)2 (0.4)3 (0.5)
汉族7 337 (98.9)6 311 (98.7)461 (99.6)565 (99.5)
教育程度19.600<0.00122.716<0.001
未正规上过学2 603 (35.1)2 207 (34.5)178 (38.4)218 (38.4)
小学1 624 (21.9)1 362 (21.3)109 (23.5)153 (26.9)
初中1 781 (24.0)1 591 (24.9)74 (16.0)116 (20.4)
高中991 (13.4)872 (13.6)68 (14.7)51 (9.0)
大专或本科及以上423 (5.7)359 (5.6)34 (7.3)30 (5.3)
婚姻状况25.229<0.00114.468<0.001
单身1 411 (19.0)1 145 (17.9)127 (27.4)139 (24.5)
已婚6 011 (81.0)5 246 (82.1)336 (72.6)429 (75.5)
吸烟2.9060.2343.2910.193
无3 970 (53.5)3 402 (53.2)262 (56.6)306 (53.9)
有1 373 (18.5)1 208 (18.9)74 (16.0)91 (16.0)
不知道2 079 (28.0)1 781 (27.9)127 (27.4)171 (30.1)
饮酒14.836<0.0019.3910.009
从不或偶尔饮酒4 564 (61.5)3 897 (61.0)310 (67.0)357 (62.9)
每天或几乎每天饮酒779 (10.5)713 (11.2)26 (5.6)40 (7.0)
不知道2 079 (28.0)1 781 (27.9)127 (27.4)171 (30.1)
超重肥胖8.2340.0162.3010.316
无3 630 (48.9)3 135 (49.1)199 (43.0)296 (52.1)
有3 633 (48.9)3 125 (48.9)249 (53.8)259 (45.6)
不知道159 (2.1)131 (2.0)15 (3.2)13 (2.3)
高血压23.524<0.00134.047<0.001
无2 464 (33.2)2 198 (34.4)126 (27.2)140 (24.6)
有4 621 (62.3)3 878 (60.7)329 (71.1)414 (72.9)
不知道337 (4.5)315 (4.9)8 (1.7)14 (2.5)
2型糖尿病14.196<0.00113.334<0.001
无5 852 (78.8)5 101 (79.8)335 (72.4)416 (73.2)
有1 570 (21.2)1 290 (20.2)128 (27.6)152 (26.8)
高脂血症1.2210.2690.2150.643
无4 843 (65.3)4 186 (65.5)291 (62.9)366 (64.4)
有2 579 (34.7)2 205 (34.5)172 (37.1)202 (35.6)
ALP (log10, U/L)1.9±0.11.9±0.11.9±0.1-0.4710.6382.0±0.1-2.6560.008
ALT (log10, U/L)1.3±0.21.3±0.21.3±0.20.4120.6811.3±0.21.6730.095
AST (log10, U/L)1.4±0.11.4±0.11.4±0.10.8920.3731.4±0.10.4850.628
GGT (log10, U/L)1.4±0.31.4±0.31.4±0.30.3400.7341.3±0.22.5930.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386776080633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基线特征［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总样本
(n=7 422)		无心血管疾病
(n=6 391)		冠心病
(n=463)		χ2/t值P值脑卒中
(n=568)		χ2/t值P值
年龄（岁）69.1±6.168.6±5.972.1±6.6-11.143<0.00171.9±6.3-11.985<0.001
性别7.7450.0050.3450.557
女4 040 (54.4)3 445 (53.9)281 (60.7)314 (55.3)
男3 382 (45.6)2 946 (46.1)182 (39.3)254 (44.7)
民族1.8100.1791.7440.187
少数85 (1.1)80 (1.3)2 (0.4)3 (0.5)
汉族7 337 (98.9)6 311 (98.7)461 (99.6)565 (99.5)
教育程度19.600<0.00122.716<0.001
未正规上过学2 603 (35.1)2 207 (34.5)178 (38.4)218 (38.4)
小学1 624 (21.9)1 362 (21.3)109 (23.5)153 (26.9)
初中1 781 (24.0)1 591 (24.9)74 (16.0)116 (20.4)
高中991 (13.4)872 (13.6)68 (14.7)51 (9.0)
大专或本科及以上423 (5.7)359 (5.6)34 (7.3)30 (5.3)
婚姻状况25.229<0.00114.468<0.001
单身1 411 (19.0)1 145 (17.9)127 (27.4)139 (24.5)
已婚6 011 (81.0)5 246 (82.1)336 (72.6)429 (75.5)
吸烟2.9060.2343.2910.193
无3 970 (53.5)3 402 (53.2)262 (56.6)306 (53.9)
有1 373 (18.5)1 208 (18.9)74 (16.0)91 (16.0)
不知道2 079 (28.0)1 781 (27.9)127 (27.4)171 (30.1)
饮酒14.836<0.0019.3910.009
从不或偶尔饮酒4 564 (61.5)3 897 (61.0)310 (67.0)357 (62.9)
每天或几乎每天饮酒779 (10.5)713 (11.2)26 (5.6)40 (7.0)
不知道2 079 (28.0)1 781 (27.9)127 (27.4)171 (30.1)
超重肥胖8.2340.0162.3010.316
无3 630 (48.9)3 135 (49.1)199 (43.0)296 (52.1)
有3 633 (48.9)3 125 (48.9)249 (53.8)259 (45.6)
不知道159 (2.1)131 (2.0)15 (3.2)13 (2.3)
高血压23.524<0.00134.047<0.001
无2 464 (33.2)2 198 (34.4)126 (27.2)140 (24.6)
有4 621 (62.3)3 878 (60.7)329 (71.1)414 (72.9)
不知道337 (4.5)315 (4.9)8 (1.7)14 (2.5)
2型糖尿病14.196<0.00113.334<0.001
无5 852 (78.8)5 101 (79.8)335 (72.4)416 (73.2)
有1 570 (21.2)1 290 (20.2)128 (27.6)152 (26.8)
高脂血症1.2210.2690.2150.643
无4 843 (65.3)4 186 (65.5)291 (62.9)366 (64.4)
有2 579 (34.7)2 205 (34.5)172 (37.1)202 (35.6)
ALP (log10, U/L)1.9±0.11.9±0.11.9±0.1-0.4710.6382.0±0.1-2.6560.008
ALT (log10, U/L)1.3±0.21.3±0.21.3±0.20.4120.6811.3±0.21.6730.095
AST (log10, U/L)1.4±0.11.4±0.11.4±0.10.8920.3731.4±0.10.4850.628
GGT (log10, U/L)1.4±0.31.4±0.31.4±0.30.3400.7341.3±0.22.5930.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386880938241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analyses of the association between serum liver enzymes and coronary artery disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清肝酶水平模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
ALP (ref：低)
中0.94 (0.74～1.18)0.5790.93 (0.73～1.17)0.5230.92 (0.72～1.17)0.4840.92 (0.72～1.17)0.483
高1.11 (0.89～1.40)0.3521.06 (0.84～1.35)0.6081.04 (0.82～1.32)0.7351.03 (0.81～1.30)0.834
每增加1个单位*1.21 (0.55～2.66)0.6301.02 (0.45～2.29)0.9660.95 (0.42～2.15)0.9090.89 (0.39～2.01)0.778
ALT (ref：低)
中1.05 (0.84～1.33)0.6481.26 (0.99～1.59)0.0571.23 (0.97～1.55)0.0921.20 (0.94～1.52)0.137
高1.08 (0.85～1.36)0.5371.47 (1.15～1.87)0.0021.40 (1.10～1.79)0.0071.35 (1.06～1.74)0.017
每增加1个单位*0.91 (0.57～1.45)0.6851.67 (1.03～2.69)0.0361.51 (0.93～2.45)0.0991.38 (0.84～2.26)0.198
AST (ref：低)
中0.89 (0.71～1.12)0.3150.90 (0.72～1.14)0.3800.92 (0.73～1.16)0.4640.94 (0.74～1.19)0.603
高0.83 (0.66～1.05)0.1230.87 (0.69～1.10)0.2350.89 (0.70～1.12)0.3090.91 (0.72～1.16)0.460
每增加1个单位*0.72 (0.34～1.51)0.3770.84 (0.39～1.80)0.6560.90 (0.42～1.91)0.7750.98 (0.46～2.09)0.966
GGT (ref：低)
中0.89 (0.71～1.13)0.3450.95 (0.75～1.21)0.6830.91 (0.72～1.16)0.4590.88 (0.69～1.12)0.285
高0.98 (0.78～1.23)0.8691.10 (0.87～1.40)0.4161.08 (0.85～1.37)0.5381.01 (0.79～1.30)0.928
每增加1个单位*0.94 (0.65～1.36)0.7321.17 (0.80～1.71)0.4261.17 (0.79～1.73)0.4361.06 (0.70～1.59)0.790
), ArticleFig(id=1241139386973212935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血清肝酶水平与冠心病的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清肝酶水平模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
ALP (ref：低)
中0.94 (0.74～1.18)0.5790.93 (0.73～1.17)0.5230.92 (0.72～1.17)0.4840.92 (0.72～1.17)0.483
高1.11 (0.89～1.40)0.3521.06 (0.84～1.35)0.6081.04 (0.82～1.32)0.7351.03 (0.81～1.30)0.834
每增加1个单位*1.21 (0.55～2.66)0.6301.02 (0.45～2.29)0.9660.95 (0.42～2.15)0.9090.89 (0.39～2.01)0.778
ALT (ref：低)
中1.05 (0.84～1.33)0.6481.26 (0.99～1.59)0.0571.23 (0.97～1.55)0.0921.20 (0.94～1.52)0.137
高1.08 (0.85～1.36)0.5371.47 (1.15～1.87)0.0021.40 (1.10～1.79)0.0071.35 (1.06～1.74)0.017
每增加1个单位*0.91 (0.57～1.45)0.6851.67 (1.03～2.69)0.0361.51 (0.93～2.45)0.0991.38 (0.84～2.26)0.198
AST (ref：低)
中0.89 (0.71～1.12)0.3150.90 (0.72～1.14)0.3800.92 (0.73～1.16)0.4640.94 (0.74～1.19)0.603
高0.83 (0.66～1.05)0.1230.87 (0.69～1.10)0.2350.89 (0.70～1.12)0.3090.91 (0.72～1.16)0.460
每增加1个单位*0.72 (0.34～1.51)0.3770.84 (0.39～1.80)0.6560.90 (0.42～1.91)0.7750.98 (0.46～2.09)0.966
GGT (ref：低)
中0.89 (0.71～1.13)0.3450.95 (0.75～1.21)0.6830.91 (0.72～1.16)0.4590.88 (0.69～1.12)0.285
高0.98 (0.78～1.23)0.8691.10 (0.87～1.40)0.4161.08 (0.85～1.37)0.5381.01 (0.79～1.30)0.928
每增加1个单位*0.94 (0.65～1.36)0.7321.17 (0.80～1.71)0.4261.17 (0.79～1.73)0.4361.06 (0.70～1.59)0.790
), ArticleFig(id=1241139387078070538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analyses of the association between serum liver enzymes and stroke

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清肝酶水平模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
ALP (ref：低)
中1.19 (0.96～1.47)0.1151.18 (0.95～1.47)0.1361.18 (0.95～1.47)0.1401.18 (0.94～1.46)0.150
高1.33 (1.08～1.65)0.0081.29 (1.04～1.61)0.0221.29 (1.04～1.61)0.0221.27 (1.02～1.58)0.036
每增加1个单位*2.63 (1.29～5.37)0.0082.37 (1.13～4.96)0.0222.37 (1.13～4.97)0.0232.13 (1.01～4.47)0.046
ALT (ref：低)
中0.91 (0.74～1.12)0.3851.05 (0.85～1.29)0.6791.05 (0.85～1.30)0.6331.03 (0.83～1.27)0.778
高0.85 (0.69～1.05)0.1321.06 (0.85～1.32)0.6201.07 (0.86～1.34)0.5441.03 (0.82～1.29)0.783
每增加1个单位*0.70 (0.45～1.08)0.1061.11 (0.71～1.73)0.6481.13 (0.72～1.78)0.5811.03 (0.66～1.63)0.888
AST (ref：低)
中0.94 (0.76～1.16)0.5570.90 (0.73～1.12)0.3510.90 (0.73～1.12)0.3550.93 (0.75～1.15)0.497
高0.98 (0.80～1.20)0.8400.95 (0.77～1.18)0.6590.96 (0.77～1.18)0.6810.99 (0.80～1.22)0.904
每增加1个单位*0.85 (0.44～1.67)0.6410.83 (0.41～1.65)0.5910.85 (0.42～1.69)0.6330.92 (0.46～1.83)0.814
GGT (ref：低)
中0.96 (0.78～1.17)0.6840.96 (0.78～1.19)0.7310.98 (0.79～1.21)0.8360.93 (0.76～1.15)0.528
高0.78 (0.63～0.97)0.0270.82 (0.66～1.02)0.0800.86 (0.68～1.07)0.1790.79 (0.63～1.00)0.047
每增加1个单位*0.65 (0.45～0.93)0.0170.72 (0.50～1.05)0.0850.79 (0.54～1.15)0.2160.68 (0.46～1.01)0.058
), ArticleFig(id=1241139387178733838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036327920136515, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血清肝酶水平与脑卒中的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
血清肝酶水平模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值OR (95%CI)P值
ALP (ref：低)
中1.19 (0.96～1.47)0.1151.18 (0.95～1.47)0.1361.18 (0.95～1.47)0.1401.18 (0.94～1.46)0.150
高1.33 (1.08～1.65)0.0081.29 (1.04～1.61)0.0221.29 (1.04～1.61)0.0221.27 (1.02～1.58)0.036
每增加1个单位*2.63 (1.29～5.37)0.0082.37 (1.13～4.96)0.0222.37 (1.13～4.97)0.0232.13 (1.01～4.47)0.046
ALT (ref：低)
中0.91 (0.74～1.12)0.3851.05 (0.85～1.29)0.6791.05 (0.85～1.30)0.6331.03 (0.83～1.27)0.778
高0.85 (0.69～1.05)0.1321.06 (0.85～1.32)0.6201.07 (0.86～1.34)0.5441.03 (0.82～1.29)0.783
每增加1个单位*0.70 (0.45～1.08)0.1061.11 (0.71～1.73)0.6481.13 (0.72～1.78)0.5811.03 (0.66～1.63)0.888
AST (ref：低)
中0.94 (0.76～1.16)0.5570.90 (0.73～1.12)0.3510.90 (0.73～1.12)0.3550.93 (0.75～1.15)0.497
高0.98 (0.80～1.20)0.8400.95 (0.77～1.18)0.6590.96 (0.77～1.18)0.6810.99 (0.80～1.22)0.904
每增加1个单位*0.85 (0.44～1.67)0.6410.83 (0.41～1.65)0.5910.85 (0.42～1.69)0.6330.92 (0.46～1.83)0.814
GGT (ref：低)
中0.96 (0.78～1.17)0.6840.96 (0.78～1.19)0.7310.98 (0.79～1.21)0.8360.93 (0.76～1.15)0.528
高0.78 (0.63～0.97)0.0270.82 (0.66～1.02)0.0800.86 (0.68～1.07)0.1790.79 (0.63～1.00)0.047
每增加1个单位*0.65 (0.45～0.93)0.0170.72 (0.50～1.05)0.0850.79 (0.54～1.15)0.2160.68 (0.46～1.01)0.058
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社区老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联研究
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沈明辉 1 , 马小凤 2 , 谭芷馨 2 , 武璇 2 , 邱伶俐 2 , 姜侠 2 , 李佳圆 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(17): 3073-3079
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(17): 3073-3079
社区老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联研究
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沈明辉1, 马小凤2, 谭芷馨2, 武璇2, 邱伶俐2 , 姜侠2, 李佳圆2
作者信息
  • 1.四川省卫生健康信息中心，四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041

    • 沈明辉（1981—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向：数字健康、医学人工智能、健康医疗大数据、信息标准与基层卫生信息化建设

通讯作者:

邱伶俐，E-mail:
Association between serum liver enzymes and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese community-dwelling older adults
Ming-hui SHEN1, Xiao-feng MA2, Zhi-xin TAN2, Xuan WU2, Ling-li QIU2 , Xia JIANG2, Jia-yuan LI2
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Health Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501169
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摘要
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目的

研究社区老年人群的碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（gamma-glutamyltransferase，GGT）四种血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联。

方法

利用华西老年人群健康队列的基线数据，共纳入7 422名60岁及以上且无肝脏疾病的研究对象。采用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型分析血清肝酶水平与冠心病和脑卒中的剂量-反应关系。

结果

Logistic回归模型显示，与低ALT水平组相比，高ALT水平组的冠心病风险更大（OR=1.35，95%CI：1.06 ~ 1.74）。限制性立方样条模型显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与冠心病风险均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity= 0.796、0.122、0.583、0.424）。对于脑卒中，与低ALP水平组相比，高ALP水平组的脑卒中风险更大（OR=1.27，95%CI：1.02 ~ 1.58）；此外，log10ALP水平每增加1个单位，脑卒中风险增加113%（OR=2.13，95%CI：1.01 ~ 4.47）。限制性立方样条模型显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与脑卒中均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity=0.595、0.669、0.809、0.907）。

结论

老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病风险存在正向关联。

血清肝酶  /  冠心病  /  脑卒中  /  老年人  /  横断面研究
Objective

To investigate the associations between serum liver enzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Based on the baseline data of the West China Health and Aging Cohort, a total of 7 422 participants aged 60 years and above without liver diseases were selected in this study. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between serum liver enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.

Results

Logistic regression models showed that compared with the lowest serum ALT level group, the highest group had a higher risk of CAD (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT and the risk of CAD (Pnonlinearity=0.796,0.122, 0.583, and 0.424, respectively). For stroke, the risk in the highest serum ALP level group was higher compared with the lowest group (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58); additionally, each one-unit increase in log10ALP was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.01-4.47). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP,ALT, AST, and GGT and stroke (Pnonlinearity=0.595, 0.669, 0.809, and 0.907, respectively).

Conclusion

Higher serum liver enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese older adults.

Serum liver enzymes  /  Coronary artery disease  /  Stroke  /  Older adults  /  Cross-sectional study
沈明辉, 马小凤, 谭芷馨, 武璇, 邱伶俐, 姜侠, 李佳圆. 社区老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3073 -3079 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501169
Ming-hui SHEN, Xiao-feng MA, Zhi-xin TAN, Xuan WU, Ling-li QIU, Xia JIANG, Jia-yuan LI. Association between serum liver enzymes and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese community-dwelling older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (17) : 3073 -3079 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501169
正文
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心血管疾病是影响我国居民健康的重大公共卫生问题。2023年我国心血管疾病患病人数已达3.3亿，其中脑卒中1 300万，冠心病1 139万，心血管疾病在我国城乡居民疾病死亡构成比中占据首位[1]。老龄化是影响心血管疾病的主要因素，2022年我国60岁及以上老年人的心血管疾病治疗费用占我国总人群心血管疾病治疗费用的64.9%[1-2]。为降低老年人群心血管疾病负担，需要加强对老年人心血管疾病的预防控制，其中早期识别相关危险因素以及检测生物标志物至关重要[3-4]。
作为常见的循环生物标志物，血清肝酶常用于肝功能检测，主要为碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（gamma-glutamyltransferase，GGT），其中AST于1954年作为首个心脏标志物被用于临床诊断[5]，随后更多的研究逐渐调查血清肝酶能否作为心血管疾病的新型生物标志物，探究血清肝酶与心血管疾病的关联性。研究显示，血清肝酶水平升高可能与氧化应激、炎症反应、内皮功能障碍受损导致的心血管疾病风险增加有关，其中血清GGT水平升高与冠心病和脑卒中的发病风险增加有关[6-7]，但是ALP、ALT和AST与心血管疾病的关联存在较大争议。对于这三种血清肝酶，既往研究的结果存在不一致，部分研究显示他们与心血管疾病存在正相关[8-9]，部分研究则显示存在负相关[10-11]，还有研究显示无统计学关联[12-13]。此外，既往研究主要关注血清肝酶与心血管疾病的线性关联，研究人群主要为30～69岁的西方人群，且较少关注我国老年人群[6-14]。因此，本研究利用华西老年人群健康队列的基线数据，系统地研究我国社区老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联，为针对老年人群的心血管疾病的预防策略和干预措施提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
华西老年人群健康队列是一项以社区为基础的前瞻性队列研究，于2022年5月—2023年12月在四川省完成基线调查，共招募10 626名研究对象，收集信息包含生物样本（血液、尿液、唾液等）、问卷信息（社会人口学特征、生活行为方式、疾病史等）、体格检查指标（身高、体重、血压等）等数据[15]。该项目的研究对象均签署知情同意书，并通过四川大学华西第四医院医学伦理审查委员会的审批（审批号：HXSY-EC-2022034）。
本研究的纳入标准：60岁及以上的老年人群。排除标准：（1）基本人口学特征（教育程度等）、疾病史（冠心病、脑卒中等）、血清生化指标（肝酶、血糖、血脂等）等关键变量的测量信息存在缺失；（2）患肝脏疾病；（3）共患冠心病和脑卒中。最终本研究纳入7 422名研究对象，见图1。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　血清肝酶水平测量和分组
研究对象在清晨空腹状态下由专业医务人员采集静脉血15ml，采集的标本统一送至四川大家医学检测有限公司进行检测。血清ALP的检测方法为NPP底物-AMP缓冲液法，血清ALT的检测方法为丙氨酸底物法，血清AST的检测方法为天门冬氨酸底物法，血清GGT的检测方法为GCANA底物法。四种血清肝酶的单位均为U/L，检测仪器均为日立008全自动生化分析仪。由于四种血清肝酶的原始浓度呈正偏态，本研究对其进行常用对数（log10）转换，并按照三分位数，将研究对象分为低、中、高水平组。
1.2.2　冠心病和脑卒中的定义
根据病案首页的ICD-10疾病编码和问卷调查中研究对象自报的经医生诊断的疾病史确定。冠心病：病案首页的ICD-10疾病编码包括I20～I25；自报患有冠心病。脑卒中：病案首页的ICD-10疾病编码包括I60、I61、I63和I64；自报患有脑卒中。
1.2.3　协变量定义及分组
（1）教育程度：未正规上过学、小学、初中、高中、大专或本科及以上。（2）婚姻状况：单身和已婚。（3）吸烟：从不吸烟定义为无，已戒烟或现在吸烟定义为有。（4）饮酒：每周少于6 d饮酒定义为从不或偶尔饮酒，每周至少有6 d饮酒定义为每天或几乎每天饮酒。（5）超重肥胖：身体质量指数（BMI）<24 kg/m2定义为无，BMI≥24 kg/m2定义为有。（6）高血压：根据血压2次测量值均值和自报高血压疾病史判断，收缩压<140 mm Hg且舒张压<90 mm Hg且无高血压疾病史则定义为无，收缩压≥140 mm Hg或舒张压≥90 mm Hg或有高血压疾病史定义为有。（7）2型糖尿病：根据空腹葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白测量值和自报糖尿病疾病史判断，空腹葡萄糖<7.0 mmol/L且糖化血红蛋白<6.5%且无糖尿病史定义为无，空腹葡萄糖≥7.0 mmol/L或糖化血红蛋白≥ 6.5%或有糖尿病史定义为有。（8）高脂血症：根据总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯测量值和自报高脂血症疾病史判断，总胆固醇<6.2 mmol/L且低密度脂蛋白<4.1 mmol/L且高密度脂蛋白≥1 mmol/L且甘油三酯<2.3 mmol/L且无高脂血症疾病史定义为无，总胆固醇≥6.2 mmol/L或低密度脂蛋白≥4.1 mmol/L或高密度脂蛋白<1 mmol/L或甘油三酯≥2.3 mmol/L或有高脂血症疾病史定义为有。
1.2.4　统计分析
符合正态分布或经对数转换后符合正态分布的连续型变量采用（均数±标准差）进行统计描述，组间比较采用单因素方差分析；分类变量采用频数和构成比进行统计描述，组间比较采用χ2检验。使用logistic回归模型分析四种血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病（冠心病和脑卒中）的关联，计算比值比（odds ratio，OR）和95%置信区间（95% confidence interval，95%CI）。在logistic回归分析中，对不同因素进行调整，共设置四个分析模型：模型1为原始模型，不调整任何协变量；模型2在模型1的基础上调整年龄、性别、民族、教育程度、婚姻状况等社会人口学特征变量；模型3在模型2的基础上调整吸烟、饮酒、超重肥胖等生活行为方式变量；模型4在模型3的基础上调整高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等疾病史变量。使用限制性立方样条模型分析四种血清肝酶与心血管疾病的非线性关联。所有的统计分析均使用R软件4.2.1版本（https://www.r-project.org/）完成，双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　基线特征
本研究共纳入7 422名研究对象，平均年龄为（69.1±6.1）岁，冠心病463名，脑卒中568名，见表1。冠心病与无心血管疾病者在年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、饮酒、超重肥胖、高血压患病、2型糖尿病患病方面具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。脑卒中与无心血管疾病者在年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、饮酒、高血压患病、2型糖尿病患病方面具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。与无心血管疾病者相比，有冠心病或脑卒中的研究对象的年龄更大、为单身状态、教育程度更低、患高血压和糖尿病的比例更高。
2.2　血清肝酶水平与冠心病的关联
Logistic回归分析结果显示，经调整社会人口学特征、生活行为方式、疾病史等不同协变量，模型2至模型4中血清ALT水平与冠心病存在正相关，而血清ALP、AST、GGT与冠心病无统计学关联，见表2。模型4中，与低ALT水平组相比，高ALT水平组的冠心病风险更大（OR=1.35，5%CI：1.06～1.74）；此外，在模型2中，log10ALT水平每增加1个单位，冠心病风险增加67%（OR=1.67，95%CI：1.03～2.69），但是进一步调整生活行为方式和疾病史后，效应不显著（OR=1.38，95%CI：0.84～2.26）。
限制性立方样条结果显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与冠心病风险均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity=0.796、0.122、0.583、0.424），见图2。
2.3　血清肝酶水平与脑卒中的关联
Logistic回归分析结果显示，经调整社会人口学特征、生活行为方式、疾病史等不同协变量，模型1至模型4中血清ALP水平与脑卒中存在正相关，而血清ALT、AST、GGT与脑卒中无统计学关联，见表3。模型4中，与低ALP水平组相比，高ALP水平组的脑卒中风险更大（OR=1.27，95%CI：1.02～1.58）；此外，log10ALP水平每增加1个单位，脑卒中风险增加113%（OR=2.13，95%CI：1.01～4.47）。
限制性立方样条结果显示，血清ALP、ALT、AST、血清ALP、ALT、AST、GGT水平与脑卒中均无非线性关联（Pnonlinearity=0.595、0.669、0.809、0.907），见图3。
3　讨论
收起
本研究利用华西老年人群健康队列中7 422名研究对象的基线数据，采用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型，系统地研究了60岁及以上社区老年人群的血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病的关联。研究发现，经调整社会人口学特征、生活行为方式以及疾病史等混杂因素后，血清ALT水平与冠心病存在正相关，血清ALP水平与脑卒中存在正相关。这些研究发现表明，老年人群的血清肝酶水平可能对心血管疾病的发生产生影响，为老年人预防和管理心血管疾病提供了依据。
本研究发现ALT水平上升与冠心病风险增加存在关联性，虽然这与部分基于白人的研究结果存在矛盾[12]，但是与东亚人群的研究结果相互吻合[8,16]。出现该结果的可能原因为人群异质性，白人与东亚人的基因和生活环境相差较大，白人的研究结果不完全适用于我国人群。基于3 719名澳大利亚人的研究显示[12]，血清ALT水平与心血管疾病无统计学关联，但是基于37 085名韩国人的前瞻性研究显示[8]，血清ALT水平上升与冠心病的发病风险存在正相关，并且这一关联在调整心血管疾病的传统危险因素后仍然显著（OR=2.28，95%CI：1.02～5.08）。在既往研究的基础上，本研究进一步补充了中国老年人群的研究证据，提示血清ALT上升可能增加老年人的冠心病风险。
本研究还发现ALP水平上升与脑卒中风险增加存在关联性，这与既往研究结果一致[6-7,17]。一项纳入五篇前瞻性研究的meta分析结果显示[7]，血清ALP水平升高与脑卒中发病风险增加存在统计学关联（RR=1.30，95%CI：1.19～1.43）。血清ALP主要来源于肝脏和骨骼，次要来源于胎盘、肾脏、肠道等，其水平上升可能是由肝脏因素或者非肝脏因素导致[18-19]。本研究根据ICD-10疾病编码和自报的疾病史已排除患有肝脏疾病的人群，因此在本研究中血清ALP与脑卒中的关联性较少受到肝脏功能障碍导致的混杂影响，提示血清ALP可能通过肝脏外的其他因素影响脑卒中的发展。脑卒中分为缺血性和出血性两类，虽然尚不明确血清ALP与这两类脑卒中的机制学联系，但是根据现有研究，血清ALP可能通过血管钙化影响缺血性脑卒中的发生发展[17,20]。血清ALP水平上升可能提示骨代谢活动增加，而骨代谢活动增加会加速血管钙化，促进动脉粥样硬化进展和血管老化，严重可导致血管破裂，这可能导致缺血性脑卒中的风险增加[21]。对于出血性脑卒中，血清ALP可能通过破坏脑血管内皮稳态参与其发病机制[22-24]。一项在高血压人群中开展调查的研究表明，高水平的血清ALP与脑血管内皮功能障碍风险增加相关[24]。此外，既往观察性研究发现，血清ALP升高可能通过C-反应蛋白介导的炎症反应或者通过肾功能障碍影响脑卒中的发展[25-26]。本研究结果提示，血清ALP水平升高会增加脑卒中的风险，但其中的潜在机制仍需要更多的生物学研究去阐明和验证。
本研究未发现血清GGT与冠心病和脑卒中存在关联，这与既往研究结果不一致[6-7]，可能原因有：（1）既往研究的研究对象主要为30～69岁西方人群，而本研究为60岁及以上的中国社区老年人群，人群特征差异可能对结果造成影响。（2）本研究为横断面研究，研究结果可能受到选择偏倚的影响。鉴于心血管疾病具有病程长、病情复杂的特点，本研究纳入的现患病例可能在确诊后改变了生活方式等行为因素，这可能导致血清GGT与心血管疾病之间的真实关联被掩盖。
本研究存在一定的局限性。一是，本研究为横断面研究，血清肝酶水平与心血管疾病诊断均为基线数据，无法判断二者的时间顺序。二是，本研究虽然已考虑社会人口学特征、生活行为方式以及疾病史等一系列混杂因素的影响，但研究结果仍可能受到其他未测量或未知的残余混杂因素影响。
综上，在我国社区老年人群中，血清肝酶水平上升与心血管疾病风险增加存在关联，提示识别、监测并干预血清肝酶水平，可能有助于预防或延缓老年人的心血管疾病发生，推动我国健康老龄化。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFC3600600)
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2025年第52卷第17期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501169
  • 接收时间：2025-01-10
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-10
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国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFC3600600)
作者信息
    1.四川省卫生健康信息中心，四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川 成都 610041

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