Article(id=1241036255333511721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504168, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815700609, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815700609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815700609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815700609, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3029, endPage=3034, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036255752942151, articleId=1241036255333511721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the trends and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients, Zhuhai City, 2005-2024, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the status and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, and to provide a basis for optimizing TB prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Information on registered PTB in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024 was collected. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics of medical care-seeking delay. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of delay, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze its influencing factors.

Results

A total of 21 772 PTB cases were registered in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, with an overall delay rate of 33.73%. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences in delay rates among patients of different ethnicities, ages, occupations, household registration types, sources of patients, treatment categories, diagnostic results, and etiological test results (P<0.05). Compared with individuals under 25 years old, those aged 25-64 (OR=1.158, 95%CI: 1.068-1.256) and those aged 65 and above (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.151-1.471) were at higher risk of delayed medical care-seeking. Factors associated with an increased risk of delay included local household registration (OR=1.303, 95%CI: 1.226-1.384), retreatment patients (OR=2.074, 95%CI: 1.907-2.257), tuberculous pleurisy (OR=1.508, 95%CI: 1.292-1.760), and bacteriologically positive TB (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.137-1.282). Protective factors against delay included active case finding (OR=0.413, 95% CI: 0.335-0.507), working in public places or commercial services (OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.969), and being retired or unemployed (OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.699-0.958).

Conclusion

The rate of delayed medical care-seeking among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai is relatively high. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of medical services, enhance health education on PTB, and conduct active screening for key populations in order to further reduce the delay in seeking medical attention.

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目的

分析2005—2024年珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟情况及其影响因素,为优化结核病防控策略提供依据。

方法

收集2005—2024年珠海市登记的结核病患者信息,对就诊延迟的人群特征进行描述性分析,拟合joinpoint回归模型分析就诊延迟的趋势,采用非条件logistic回归方法分析就诊延迟的影响因素。

结果

2005—2024年,珠海市登记结核病21 772例,总体就诊延迟率为33.73%。组间比较发现,不同民族、年龄、职业、户籍类型、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、病原学结果的患者的就诊延迟率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与25岁以下人群相比,25~64岁(OR=1.158,95%CI:1.068~1.256)和65岁以上人群(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.151~1.471)就诊延迟风险更高。本地户籍(OR=1.303,95%CI:1.226~1.384)、复治(OR=2.074,95%CI:1.907~2.257)、结核性胸膜炎(OR=1.508,95%CI:1.292~1.760)、病原学阳性患者(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.137~1.282)是就诊延迟的危险因素。主动发现(OR=0.413,95%CI:0.335~0.507)、公共场所及商业服务人员(OR=0.803,95%CI:0.665~0.969)、退休/待业人群(OR=0.818,95%CI:0.699~0.958)是就诊延迟的保护因素。

结论

珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟率较高,下一步要通过提升医疗服务可及性、加强结核病健康宣教、针对重点人群开展主动筛查进一步降低就诊延迟率。

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黄弦,E-mail:
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张伟华(1992—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:结核病预防与控制

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of delayed detection and the related influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Chongqing from 2015 to 2021, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057508706537571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, awardId=2420004000253, language=CN, fundingSource=珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目(2420004000253), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241057508811395176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, awardId=2420009000091, language=CN, fundingSource=珠海市医学科研项目(2420009000091), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057505896354698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505904743308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, companyId=1241057505896354698, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Third People’s Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505913131917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, companyId=1241057505896354698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.珠海市第三人民医院,广东 珠海 519000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057506009600918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506017989527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, companyId=1241057506009600918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.珠海市职业与心理健康工程技术研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057507821539363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Joinpoint regression analysis of PTB treatment delay rates in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量指标时间段/年变化值%
(95%CI
tP
总体
APC2005—2013年-12.58(-16.94~-7.99)-5.60<0.001
2014—2024年6.29(2.99~9.71)4.120.001
AAPC2005—2024年-2.10(-4.62~0.47)-1.600.109
地区
香洲区APC2005—2015年-9.47(-14.17~-4.52)-3.980.001
2016—2024年7.75(1.23~14.70)2.550.022
AAPC2005—2024年-1.69(-5.31~2.07)-0.890.374
斗门区APC2005—2013年-22.21(-31.33~-11.89)-4.300.001
2014—2024年15.23(6.69~24.45)3.920.001
AAPC2005—2024年-2.34(-8.33~4.04)-0.730.463
金湾区APC2005—2024年-1.72(-3.23~-0.18)-2.350.030
AAPC2005—2024年-1.72(-3.23~-0.18)-2.350.030
), ArticleFig(id=1241057507922202667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2005—2024年珠海市结核病就诊延迟率的joinpoint回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量指标时间段/年变化值%
(95%CI
tP
总体
APC2005—2013年-12.58(-16.94~-7.99)-5.60<0.001
2014—2024年6.29(2.99~9.71)4.120.001
AAPC2005—2024年-2.10(-4.62~0.47)-1.600.109
地区
香洲区APC2005—2015年-9.47(-14.17~-4.52)-3.980.001
2016—2024年7.75(1.23~14.70)2.550.022
AAPC2005—2024年-1.69(-5.31~2.07)-0.890.374
斗门区APC2005—2013年-22.21(-31.33~-11.89)-4.300.001
2014—2024年15.23(6.69~24.45)3.920.001
AAPC2005—2024年-2.34(-8.33~4.04)-0.730.463
金湾区APC2005—2024年-1.72(-3.23~-0.18)-2.350.030
AAPC2005—2024年-1.72(-3.23~-0.18)-2.350.030
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508052226100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Current situation and related factors of patients delay of tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征病例总数就诊延迟病例数就诊延迟率
(%)
单因素分析
卡方值P
性别0.5970.440
14 5754 89133.56
7 1972 45334.08
民族13.185<0.001
汉族21 1527 17733.93
少数民族62016726.94
年龄组(岁)27.829<0.001
<254 5631 40230.73
25~6415 0675 15934.24
≥652 14278336.55
职业178.349<0.001
企事业职工78026934.49
学生及儿童97629630.33
公共场所及商业服务1 50542027.91
体力劳动7 0012 74139.15
退休/待业9 3362 82430.25
职业不详、其他2 17479436.52
户籍类型137.138<0.001
本地户籍8 7763 36138.30
流动人口12 9963 98330.65
患者来源116.839<0.001
主动发现72811015.11
被动发现21 0447 23434.38
治疗分类511.611<0.001
复治2 9691 54351.97
初治18 8035 80130.85
诊断结果14.3670.001
肺结核21 0287 04533.50
结核性胸膜炎73929740.19
肺外结核5240.00
病原学结果31.780<0.001
阳性9 8583 52135.72
阴性11 9143 82332.09
合并症0.1750.675
70824434.46
21 064710033.71
是否耐药患者0.0000.998
862933.73
21 6867 31533.72
是否合并其他结核0.0130.910
1 00133633.57
20 7717 00833.74
现住址与首诊单位距离(Km)3.5750.059
<1015 4135 25934.12
≥106 3592 08532.79
是否重点人群0.3900.532
87030234.71
20 9027 04233.69
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508190638144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

珠海市2015―2024年结核病患者就诊延迟现状及影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征病例总数就诊延迟病例数就诊延迟率
(%)
单因素分析
卡方值P
性别0.5970.440
14 5754 89133.56
7 1972 45334.08
民族13.185<0.001
汉族21 1527 17733.93
少数民族62016726.94
年龄组(岁)27.829<0.001
<254 5631 40230.73
25~6415 0675 15934.24
≥652 14278336.55
职业178.349<0.001
企事业职工78026934.49
学生及儿童97629630.33
公共场所及商业服务1 50542027.91
体力劳动7 0012 74139.15
退休/待业9 3362 82430.25
职业不详、其他2 17479436.52
户籍类型137.138<0.001
本地户籍8 7763 36138.30
流动人口12 9963 98330.65
患者来源116.839<0.001
主动发现72811015.11
被动发现21 0447 23434.38
治疗分类511.611<0.001
复治2 9691 54351.97
初治18 8035 80130.85
诊断结果14.3670.001
肺结核21 0287 04533.50
结核性胸膜炎73929740.19
肺外结核5240.00
病原学结果31.780<0.001
阳性9 8583 52135.72
阴性11 9143 82332.09
合并症0.1750.675
70824434.46
21 064710033.71
是否耐药患者0.0000.998
862933.73
21 6867 31533.72
是否合并其他结核0.0130.910
1 00133633.57
20 7717 00833.74
现住址与首诊单位距离(Km)3.5750.059
<1015 4135 25934.12
≥106 3592 08532.79
是否重点人群0.3900.532
87030234.71
20 9027 04233.69
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508350021705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
年龄组(岁)
<251.00
25~640.1470.04112.6221.158(1.068~1.256)<0.001
≥650.2630.06317.6901.301(1.151~1.471)<0.001
职业
企事业职工1.00
学生及儿童-0.0890.1100.6530.915(0.738~1.135)0.419
公共场所及商业服务-0.2200.0965.2230.803(0.665~0.969)0.022
体力劳动0.1250.0812.3801.134(0.967~1.330)0.123
退休/待业-0.2000.0816.1960.818(0.699~0.958)0.013
职业不详、其他0.0610.0890.4601.062(0.892~1.266)0.498
户籍类型
流动人口1.00
本地户籍0.2650.03172.9531.303(1.226~1.384)<0.001
患者来源
被动发现1.00
主动筛查-0.8850.10670.2350.413(0.335~0.507)<0.001
治疗分类
初治1.00
复治0.7300.043288.4182.074(1.907~2.257)<0.001
诊断结果
肺结核1.00
结核性胸膜炎0.4110.07927.1081.508(1.292~1.760)<0.001
肺外结核0.0650.9290.0051.067(0.173~6.588)0.944
病原学结果
阴性1.00
阳性0.1880.03137.6111.207(1.137~1.282)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508492628052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036255333511721, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

珠海市2005―2024年结核病患者就诊延迟多因素logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β Wald χ2OR值(95%CIP
年龄组(岁)
<251.00
25~640.1470.04112.6221.158(1.068~1.256)<0.001
≥650.2630.06317.6901.301(1.151~1.471)<0.001
职业
企事业职工1.00
学生及儿童-0.0890.1100.6530.915(0.738~1.135)0.419
公共场所及商业服务-0.2200.0965.2230.803(0.665~0.969)0.022
体力劳动0.1250.0812.3801.134(0.967~1.330)0.123
退休/待业-0.2000.0816.1960.818(0.699~0.958)0.013
职业不详、其他0.0610.0890.4601.062(0.892~1.266)0.498
户籍类型
流动人口1.00
本地户籍0.2650.03172.9531.303(1.226~1.384)<0.001
患者来源
被动发现1.00
主动筛查-0.8850.10670.2350.413(0.335~0.507)<0.001
治疗分类
初治1.00
复治0.7300.043288.4182.074(1.907~2.257)<0.001
诊断结果
肺结核1.00
结核性胸膜炎0.4110.07927.1081.508(1.292~1.760)<0.001
肺外结核0.0650.9290.0051.067(0.173~6.588)0.944
病原学结果
阴性1.00
阳性0.1880.03137.6111.207(1.137~1.282)<0.001
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2005—2024年珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析
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张伟华 1, 2 , 黄弦 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025,52(16): 3029-3034
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025, 52(16): 3029-3034
2005—2024年珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析
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张伟华1, 2, 黄弦1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.珠海市第三人民医院,广东 珠海 519000
  • 2.珠海市职业与心理健康工程技术研究中心
  • 张伟华(1992—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:结核病预防与控制

通讯作者:

黄弦,E-mail:
Analysis of the trends and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients, Zhuhai City, 2005-2024
Wei-hua ZHANG1, 2, Xian HUANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • The Third People’s Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504168
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目的

分析2005—2024年珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟情况及其影响因素,为优化结核病防控策略提供依据。

方法

收集2005—2024年珠海市登记的结核病患者信息,对就诊延迟的人群特征进行描述性分析,拟合joinpoint回归模型分析就诊延迟的趋势,采用非条件logistic回归方法分析就诊延迟的影响因素。

结果

2005—2024年,珠海市登记结核病21 772例,总体就诊延迟率为33.73%。组间比较发现,不同民族、年龄、职业、户籍类型、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、病原学结果的患者的就诊延迟率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与25岁以下人群相比,25~64岁(OR=1.158,95%CI:1.068~1.256)和65岁以上人群(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.151~1.471)就诊延迟风险更高。本地户籍(OR=1.303,95%CI:1.226~1.384)、复治(OR=2.074,95%CI:1.907~2.257)、结核性胸膜炎(OR=1.508,95%CI:1.292~1.760)、病原学阳性患者(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.137~1.282)是就诊延迟的危险因素。主动发现(OR=0.413,95%CI:0.335~0.507)、公共场所及商业服务人员(OR=0.803,95%CI:0.665~0.969)、退休/待业人群(OR=0.818,95%CI:0.699~0.958)是就诊延迟的保护因素。

结论

珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟率较高,下一步要通过提升医疗服务可及性、加强结核病健康宣教、针对重点人群开展主动筛查进一步降低就诊延迟率。

结核病  /  就诊延迟  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the status and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, and to provide a basis for optimizing TB prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Information on registered PTB in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024 was collected. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics of medical care-seeking delay. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of delay, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze its influencing factors.

Results

A total of 21 772 PTB cases were registered in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, with an overall delay rate of 33.73%. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences in delay rates among patients of different ethnicities, ages, occupations, household registration types, sources of patients, treatment categories, diagnostic results, and etiological test results (P<0.05). Compared with individuals under 25 years old, those aged 25-64 (OR=1.158, 95%CI: 1.068-1.256) and those aged 65 and above (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.151-1.471) were at higher risk of delayed medical care-seeking. Factors associated with an increased risk of delay included local household registration (OR=1.303, 95%CI: 1.226-1.384), retreatment patients (OR=2.074, 95%CI: 1.907-2.257), tuberculous pleurisy (OR=1.508, 95%CI: 1.292-1.760), and bacteriologically positive TB (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.137-1.282). Protective factors against delay included active case finding (OR=0.413, 95% CI: 0.335-0.507), working in public places or commercial services (OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.969), and being retired or unemployed (OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.699-0.958).

Conclusion

The rate of delayed medical care-seeking among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai is relatively high. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of medical services, enhance health education on PTB, and conduct active screening for key populations in order to further reduce the delay in seeking medical attention.

Tuberculosis  /  Medical care-seeking delay  /  Influencing factors
张伟华, 黄弦. 2005—2024年珠海市结核病患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3029 -3034 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504168
Wei-hua ZHANG, Xian HUANG. Analysis of the trends and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients, Zhuhai City, 2005-2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3029 -3034 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504168
结核病是严重威胁健康的慢性传染性疾病。根据世界卫生组织发布的《2024年全球结核病报告》,我国在全球30个结核病高负担国家位列第三,每年新发肺结核病例数约74.1万,占全球的6.8%[1]。研究表明,肺结核病人从发病到接受治疗后14 d内仍具有传染性[2],可传染10~15名健康人[3]。如就诊延迟,其传播风险进一步加大。及时发现并规范治疗肺结核患者是防止病情加重和控制结核病传播的有效措施。本研究通过分析2005—2024年珠海市登记结核病患者就诊延迟趋势,探索就诊延迟的影响因素,为制定结核病防制措施提供依据。
本研究数据来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病管理信息系统”,导出登记日期为2005年1月1日至2024年12月31日珠海市登记管理的结核病患者相关信息,包括年龄、性别、职业、民族、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、出现症状时间、就诊时间、户籍地址等。2005—2024年共登记24 517例患者,剔除症状出现日期或首诊日期缺失、逻辑错误、现住址非珠海的个案,最终纳入研究对象21 772例。
就诊天数:某地区一定时间范围内登记的结核病患者出现结核病症状到首次去医院就诊的时间间隔天数。就诊延迟:指患者出现症状到首次去医院就诊的时间间隔超过14 d[4]。就诊延迟率:某地区一定时间范围内,发生就诊延迟患者数占所有登记的患者数的比例。职业分类:按照工作性质相近将职业分为企事业职工(干部职员、医务人员、教师、保育员及保姆)、学生及儿童(散居儿童、学生、幼托儿童)、公共场所及商业服务(公共场所服务员、商业服务、餐饮食品业)、体力劳动(工人、农民、民工、牧民、渔(船)民、海员及长途驾驶员)、退休/待业(离退人员/家务及待业)、不详及其他。患者来源:分为主动发现(健康体检、主动筛查)和被动发现(转诊、推介、直接就诊、追踪)。现住址与首诊断单位间距离:通过R 4.4.3语言自建函数调用高德地图的地理编码及路径规划应用程序编程接口,获取患者现住址与首诊断单位间的行车距离。参照相关研究[5-6],将10 Km作为就诊距离的分界值。
应用WPS Office 2025对数据整理形成数据库,统计分析采用SPSS 26.0。计数资料采用“频数和构成比(%)”描述。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析就诊延迟情况随登记年度的变化趋势。不同人群特征的就诊情况比较采用卡方检验,采用向前逐步似然比方法进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析(α=0.10,α=0.15)。所有检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2005—2024年珠海市登记结核病患者21 772例,发生就诊延迟患者7 344例,就诊延迟率为33.73%。其中,2005—2013年就诊延迟率呈下降趋势(APC=-12.58,P<0.001),2014—2024年呈上升趋势(APC=6.29,P=0.001)。各区就诊延迟率趋势不同,香洲区:2005—2015年呈下降趋势(APC=-9.47,P=0.001),2016—2024年,呈上升趋势(APC=7.75,P=0.022)。斗门区:2005—2013年呈下降趋势(APC=-22.21,P=0.001),2014—2024年呈上升趋势(APC=15.23,P=0.001)。金湾区:2005—2024年呈下降趋势(APC=-1.72,P=0.030)。表1
21 772例研究对象中,男性14 575例,占比66.94%;汉族21 152例,占比97.15%;年龄以25~64岁最多,占比69.20%;职业以退休/待业人群最多,其次为体力劳动人群,分别占比为42.88%和32.16%;流动人口患者占比较高,有12 996例,占59.69%;患者以被动发现为主,占比96.66%;18 803例患者为初治患者,占比86.36%。详细结果见表2
不同民族、年龄、职业、户籍类型、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、病原学结果的就诊延迟率差异均有统计学意义。(P<0.05)。详细结果见表2
以是否就诊延迟为因变量,将单因素分析中P<0.10的自变量纳入回归分析,对模型进行似然比检验,χ2=829.729,P<0.001,模型总体有统计学意义。对模型进行拟合优度检验,χ2=11.022,P=0.200,说明模型的拟合优度较高。结果显示年龄、职业、户籍类型、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、病原学结果是就诊延迟的影响因素。与<25岁以下人群相比,25~64岁(OR:1.158,95%CI:1.068~1.256)和65岁以上人群(OR:1.301,95%CI:1.151~1.471)就诊延迟风险更高,与企事业职工相比,公共场所及商业服务人员(OR:0.803,95%CI:0.665~0969)及退休/待业人群(OR:0.818,95%CI:0.699~0.958)是就诊延迟的保护因素。本地户籍(OR:1.303,95%CI:1.226~1.384)就诊延迟风险更高。主动发现是结核病患者就诊延迟的保护因素(OR:0.413,95%CI:0.335~0.507)。复治(OR:2.074,95%CI:1.907~2.257)、结核性胸膜炎(OR:1.508,95%CI:1.292~1.760)、病原学阳性结核病患者(OR:1.207,95%CI:1.137~1.282)是就诊延迟的危险因素。结果见表3
珠海市2005—2024年结核病患者就诊延迟率为33.73%,低于2008—2018年广州市的49.25%[7],与济南市的33.8%接近[8]。各地区结核病患者就诊延迟率及变化趋势不同,可能与调查统计方法、各地经济水平、疫情特征、结核病防治服务能力等因素有关。从2005—2013年总体呈下降趋势,2014—2024年,就诊延迟率呈上升趋势。从各地区来看,香洲区就诊延迟率低于斗门区、金湾区,可能与斗门区、金湾区远离主城区,交通不便,经济水平相对较低有关,与武汉和重庆等研究结果一致[9-10]
珠海市2005—2024年结核病患者就诊延迟影响因素分析结果显示:25~64岁和65岁以上患者较25岁以下患者就诊延迟风险更高,并且随着年龄增加肺结核患者就诊延迟率增大。可能的原因是25岁以下人群多为学生,近年来珠海市将结核病筛查纳入每年的新生入学体检,加大了主动发现力度,并定期开展结核病防治科普知识进校园,提高了学生的防病意识。65岁以上年龄组患属于老年人群,这部分人群身体状况一般较差,行动不便,健康意识差,大多在出现了咳血等肺结核严重症状时才就诊[11],此外也可能与老年人群症状不典型,鉴别诊断难度大,容易发生误诊而延迟就诊[12]。与国内其他研究结果一致[9-1013-14],本研究发现与企事业单位职员相比,公共场所及商业服务及退休/待业人群发生就诊延迟风险低,可能与公共场所及商业服务人员对健康要求较高,每年定期会组织体检,加之这两类人群时间自由,有更充足的时间到医院就诊有关。不同户籍类型的肺结核患者就诊延迟情况,研究结果不尽一致。与湖州市研究结果一致[15],本研究发现本地户籍人群就诊延迟率高于非本地,由于研究资料有限,现有资料尚不能给出合理解释,需进一步开展研究。与主动筛查及密切接触者筛查发现相比,通过被动发现的患者就诊延迟风险较高,与其他地市研究结果一致[16]。全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查报告显示患者出现肺结核可疑症状到结核病防治机构就诊的病例仅为6.9%,结防机构追踪等被动发现方式是我国发现肺结核患者的主要方式[17]。如患者到非定点机构就诊则需要经过转诊推介到结防机构,再由结防机构或基层医疗机构通过追踪,追踪环节多,花费时间长,经济成本高,加之部分患者缺乏对结核病的认知,健康意识淡薄,就诊意愿低导致就诊时间延长。该结果提示,今后要针对重点人群开展主动筛查,及时发现患者并将其纳入治疗。不同治疗分类的患者就诊延迟率研究结果不尽一致[1518],本研究发现复治是就诊延迟的危险因素,可能的原因有部分患者由于该部分患者依从性不好,就医意识薄弱,进一步的原因仍需深入研究。结核性胸膜炎是就诊延迟的危险因素,与自贡市、福建省的研究结果一致[1416],可能与结核性胸膜炎临床表现特征有关,研究表明结核性胸膜炎患者早期由于结核分枝杆菌及其产物在侵入胸膜腔导致的胸膜炎渗出物较少时,部分患者的临床症状不明显,患者就诊意愿低,等到结核分枝杆菌进一步侵袭,发展到病原学阳性时患者才就诊,导致就诊延迟[14]。病原学阳性肺结核患者是就诊延迟的危险因素,这与长沙、烟台、内蒙古、重庆等地的研究结果一致[5131719],可能原因是病原学阳性患者从出现症状到通过病原学检测往往经历了较长时间,而病原学阴性患者中无症状或者轻微症状者较多,这部分患者大多数是通过主动筛查或健康体检发现,因而就诊延迟时间较短。
综上所述,珠海市肺结核患者就诊延迟率在全国处于中等水平,但是近年来就诊延迟率呈逐年上升趋势。25—64岁和65岁以上人群、本地户籍、复治患者、诊断分型为结核性胸膜炎、病原学结果为阳性是肺结核患者就诊延迟的危险因素,公共场所及商业服务及退休/待业人群、发现方式为主动发现是就诊延迟的保护因素。下一步要针对重点人群开展结核病健康宣教,提高其对结核病的认知度及主动就诊意识。同时要进一步加强结核病防治服务体系建设,不断提高结核病防治医疗服务可及性,加强对重点人群的主动筛查,切实做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,降低就诊延迟率。
本研究存在一定的局限性,研究资料来源于结核病管理信息系统病案登记资料,纳入的影响因素有限,未能考虑到其他如患者经济状况、医疗资源可及性等可能影响就诊延迟的因素,今后将进一步开展专项调查,纳入更多因素以期全面探索影响就诊延迟的因素。
  • 珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目(2420004000253)
  • 珠海市医学科研项目(2420009000091)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504168
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09
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珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目(2420004000253)
珠海市医学科研项目(2420009000091)
作者信息
    1.珠海市第三人民医院,广东 珠海 519000
    2.珠海市职业与心理健康工程技术研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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