Article(id=1241036254897295555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503565, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743177600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815700506, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815700506, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815700506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815700506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2994, endPage=2999, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036255568384230, articleId=1241036254897295555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Chain-mediated effects between the number of chronic disease conditions and nighttime sleep duration in older adults with somatic pain and depression, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of the number of chronic diseases and nighttime sleep duration on the relationship between somatic pain and depression in older adults, so as to provide reference for the improvement of older adults’ mental health.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Aged Care Tracking Survey (CHARLS) 2020 were used to explore the correlation between somatic pain, the number of chronic diseases, the number of hours of sleep at night, and depression among older adults by using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the chain mediation effect was analyzed by using the Bootstrap method in the Process 4.1 program of SPSS.

Results

A total of 4 109 study participants were included in this study, in which the depression detection rate was 46.90% and pain prevalence was 64.37%. The direct effect of somatic pain on depression was significant (β=0.480, 95%CI:0.429 to 0.532), the separate mediated effect of the number of chronic disease prevalence was significant (β=0.042,95%CI:0.030 to 0.056), and the separate mediated effect of the length of nocturnal sleep was significant (β=0.054, 95%CI:0.042 to 0.067). The chain-mediated effect of the number of chronic diseases and nighttime sleep duration was significant (β=0.002, 95%CI:0.001 to 0.004).

Conclusion

The number of chronic diseases and hours of nighttime sleep mediated the separate and chain-mediated effects between somatic pain and depression in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the geriatric health policy, incorporate geriatric pain assessment and management into the scope of basic public health services, focus on chronic disease management and sleep regulation in older adults, and realize the forward movement of depression prevention.

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目的

探讨老年人慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长在躯体疼痛与抑郁之间的中介效应,为改善老年人心理健康提供借鉴参考。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,运用Spearman秩相关分析法探究老年人躯体疼痛、慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长与抑郁的相关性,使用SPSS的Process 4.1 程序中Bootstrap法进行链式中介效应分析。

结果

本研究共纳入4 109名研究对象,其中,抑郁检出率为46.90%,疼痛患病率为64.37%。躯体疼痛对抑郁的直接效应显著(β=0.480,95%CI:0.429~0.532),慢性病患病数量的单独中介效应显著(β=0.042,95%CI:0.030~0.056),夜间睡眠时长的单独中介效应显著(β=0.054,95%CI:0.042 ~0.067),慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长的链式中介效应显著(β=0.002,95%CI:0.001~0.004)。

结论

慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在在老年人躯体疼痛与抑郁间存在单独和链式中介作用。因此,建议完善老年健康政策,将老年疼痛评估与管理纳入基本公共卫生服务范畴,重点关注老年人的慢病管理和睡眠调节,实现抑郁预防关口前移。

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马勇,E-mail:
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宫云娜(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理

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Nature Aging, 2022, 2(5): 425-437., articleTitle=The brain structure and genetic mechanisms underlying the nonlinear association between sleep duration, cognition and mental health, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057514704400594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, awardId=20CFX017, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057507435672284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057507448255199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, companyId=1241057507435672284, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057507452449504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, companyId=1241057507435672284, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057513190256774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=A chain-mediated model of the number of chronic illnesses prevalent and nighttime sleep duration in the association between somatic pain and depressive, figureFileSmall=ZH3eYDybBALhy4uBhiolCA==, figureFileBig=XLld4+FHJD6WS6RwjmejSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057513274142858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=图1, caption=慢性病患病数量和夜间睡眠时长在躯体疼痛与抑郁间的链式中介模型

注:***表示P<0.001,**表示P<0.01,*表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=ZH3eYDybBALhy4uBhiolCA==, figureFileBig=XLld4+FHJD6WS6RwjmejSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057513433526420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Assignment of values to each variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别女=0,男=1
年龄(岁)60~69岁=1,70~79岁=2,≥80岁=3
居住地城乡中心=1,乡镇结合=2,农村=3,特殊区域=4
婚姻状况已婚=1,未婚/离异/丧偶=2
是否吸烟不吸烟=0,吸烟=1
是否饮酒不饮酒=0,饮酒=1
工作状况无工作=0,有工作=1
慢性病患病数量0种=1,1种=2,2种=3,3种=4,≥4种=5
夜间睡眠时长<6 h=1,6 h~8 h=2,>8 h=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513513218202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别女=0,男=1
年龄(岁)60~69岁=1,70~79岁=2,≥80岁=3
居住地城乡中心=1,乡镇结合=2,农村=3,特殊区域=4
婚姻状况已婚=1,未婚/离异/丧偶=2
是否吸烟不吸烟=0,吸烟=1
是否饮酒不饮酒=0,饮酒=1
工作状况无工作=0,有工作=1
慢性病患病数量0种=1,1种=2,2种=3,3种=4,≥4种=5
夜间睡眠时长<6 h=1,6 h~8 h=2,>8 h=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513618075809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection rates of depressive symptoms in older adults (n=4 109)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数抑郁症状人数检出率
(%)
抑郁得分t/FP
性别11.622<0.001
68221932.117.55±5.90
3 4271 70849.8410.51±6.88
年龄(岁)5.4010.005
60~692 639123546.809.95±6.83
70~791 24360348.5110.39±6.91
≥802278939.218.83±6.02
居住地61.378<0.001
城市中心1 09236433.337.80±6.23
乡镇结合41418444.449.57±6.85
农村2 600137953.0411.03±6.82
特殊区域3004.00±2.65
婚姻状况-5.910<0.001
已婚3 0861 39045.049.64±6.66
未婚/离异/丧偶1 02353752.4911.14±7.16
是否吸烟3.850<0.001
1153732.177.79±6.27
3 9941 89047.3210.08±6.82
是否饮酒5.690<0.001
81333541.218.86±6.38
3 2961 59248.3010.30±6.89
工作状况1.8920.059
有工作311032.267.71±5.67
无工作4 0781 91747.0110.03±6.82
慢性病患病数量30.207<0.001
02 3861 03343.299.40±6.55
11 05848846.129.91±6.77
243725357.8911.86±7.19
31378562.0412.28±7.10
≥4916874.7315.11±7.59
疼痛情况275.380<0.001
无疼痛1 46443329.587.23±5.72
轻度疼痛1 34465548.7410.22±6.61
中重度疼痛1 30183964.4912.94±6.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513731322022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年人抑郁症状检出情况(n=4 109)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数抑郁症状人数检出率
(%)
抑郁得分t/FP
性别11.622<0.001
68221932.117.55±5.90
3 4271 70849.8410.51±6.88
年龄(岁)5.4010.005
60~692 639123546.809.95±6.83
70~791 24360348.5110.39±6.91
≥802278939.218.83±6.02
居住地61.378<0.001
城市中心1 09236433.337.80±6.23
乡镇结合41418444.449.57±6.85
农村2 600137953.0411.03±6.82
特殊区域3004.00±2.65
婚姻状况-5.910<0.001
已婚3 0861 39045.049.64±6.66
未婚/离异/丧偶1 02353752.4911.14±7.16
是否吸烟3.850<0.001
1153732.177.79±6.27
3 9941 89047.3210.08±6.82
是否饮酒5.690<0.001
81333541.218.86±6.38
3 2961 59248.3010.30±6.89
工作状况1.8920.059
有工作311032.267.71±5.67
无工作4 0781 91747.0110.03±6.82
慢性病患病数量30.207<0.001
02 3861 03343.299.40±6.55
11 05848846.129.91±6.77
243725357.8911.86±7.19
31378562.0412.28±7.10
≥4916874.7315.11±7.59
疼痛情况275.380<0.001
无疼痛1 46443329.587.23±5.72
轻度疼痛1 34465548.7410.22±6.61
中重度疼痛1 30183964.4912.94±6.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513928454318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of pain, prevalence of chronic diseases, nighttime sleep duration and depression in older adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量躯体疼痛慢性病患病数量夜间睡眠时长抑郁
躯体疼痛1.000---
慢性病患病数量0.200a1.000--
夜间睡眠时长-0.194a-0.054a1.000-
抑郁0.367a0.128a-0.245a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241057514024923314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

躯体疼痛、慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长和抑郁的相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量躯体疼痛慢性病患病数量夜间睡眠时长抑郁
躯体疼痛1.000---
慢性病患病数量0.200a1.000--
夜间睡眠时长-0.194a-0.054a1.000-
抑郁0.367a0.128a-0.245a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241057514192695480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of Chained Intermediation Model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:慢性病患病数量模型2:夜间睡眠时长模型3:抑郁
βS.E.tβS.E.tβS.E.t
常量0.5630.0866.579a1.8940.06329.870a7.0070.56712.361a
疼痛0.0530.00412.431a-0.0340.003-10.789a0.4800.02618.311a
慢性病患病数量-0.0200.012-1.730c0.7970.0938.550a
夜间睡眠时长-1.5730.127-12.428a
性别0.1240.0472.640b0.1480.0354.270a-1.4020.281-4.984a
年龄(岁)0.0360.0281.286-0.0310.021-1.504-0.2310.167-1.384
居住地-0.0920.018-5.093a0.0380.0132.858b1.4380.10913.222a
婚姻状况0.0660.0391.705-0.0500.028-1.7731.0300.2314.464a
工作状况-0.0710.183-0.3870.3710.1352.750b-0.8611.093-0.788
是否吸烟0.3400.1003.405b0.0460.0740.629-1.0730.596-1.800
是否饮酒-0.1440.041-3.490a-0.0850.030-2.792b-0.6750.247-2.735b
R20.0470.0450.218
F25.521a21.561a113.994a
), ArticleFig(id=1241057514268192957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

链式中介模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:慢性病患病数量模型2:夜间睡眠时长模型3:抑郁
βS.E.tβS.E.tβS.E.t
常量0.5630.0866.579a1.8940.06329.870a7.0070.56712.361a
疼痛0.0530.00412.431a-0.0340.003-10.789a0.4800.02618.311a
慢性病患病数量-0.0200.012-1.730c0.7970.0938.550a
夜间睡眠时长-1.5730.127-12.428a
性别0.1240.0472.640b0.1480.0354.270a-1.4020.281-4.984a
年龄(岁)0.0360.0281.286-0.0310.021-1.504-0.2310.167-1.384
居住地-0.0920.018-5.093a0.0380.0132.858b1.4380.10913.222a
婚姻状况0.0660.0391.705-0.0500.028-1.7731.0300.2314.464a
工作状况-0.0710.183-0.3870.3710.1352.750b-0.8611.093-0.788
是否吸烟0.3400.1003.405b0.0460.0740.629-1.0730.596-1.800
是否饮酒-0.1440.041-3.490a-0.0850.030-2.792b-0.6750.247-2.735b
R20.0470.0450.218
F25.521a21.561a113.994a
), ArticleFig(id=1241057514356273346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Intermediary path analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值Boot S.E.Boot LLCLBoot ULCL相对中介效应(%)
总效应0.5780.0260.5270.629100.00
直接效应0.4800.0260.4290.53283.04
总间接效应0.0980.0090.0810.11716.96
疼痛→慢性病患病数量→抑郁0.0420.0070.0300.0567.27
疼痛→夜间睡眠时长→抑郁0.0540.0060.0420.0679.34
疼痛→慢性病患病数量→夜间睡眠时长→抑郁0.0020.0010.0010.0040.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241057514482102472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036254897295555, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介路径分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值Boot S.E.Boot LLCLBoot ULCL相对中介效应(%)
总效应0.5780.0260.5270.629100.00
直接效应0.4800.0260.4290.53283.04
总间接效应0.0980.0090.0810.11716.96
疼痛→慢性病患病数量→抑郁0.0420.0070.0300.0567.27
疼痛→夜间睡眠时长→抑郁0.0540.0060.0420.0679.34
疼痛→慢性病患病数量→夜间睡眠时长→抑郁0.0020.0010.0010.0040.35
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慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在老年人躯体疼痛和抑郁间的链式中介效应
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宫云娜 , 隋欣 , 菅云龙 , 宋立芹 , 王文超 , 鲜国炜 , 张晓林 , 马春晓 , 张晶 , 马勇
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(16): 2994-2999
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(16): 2994-2999
慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在老年人躯体疼痛和抑郁间的链式中介效应
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宫云娜, 隋欣, 菅云龙, 宋立芹, 王文超, 鲜国炜, 张晓林, 马春晓, 张晶, 马勇
作者信息
  • 山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 宫云娜(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理

通讯作者:

马勇,E-mail:
Chain-mediated effects between the number of chronic disease conditions and nighttime sleep duration in older adults with somatic pain and depression
Yun-na GONG, Xin SUI, Yun-long JIAN, Li-xin SONG, Wen-chao WANG, Guo-wei XIAN, Xiao-lin ZHANG, Chun-xiao MA, Jing ZHANG, Yong MA
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503565
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目的

探讨老年人慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长在躯体疼痛与抑郁之间的中介效应,为改善老年人心理健康提供借鉴参考。

方法

采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年数据,运用Spearman秩相关分析法探究老年人躯体疼痛、慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长与抑郁的相关性,使用SPSS的Process 4.1 程序中Bootstrap法进行链式中介效应分析。

结果

本研究共纳入4 109名研究对象,其中,抑郁检出率为46.90%,疼痛患病率为64.37%。躯体疼痛对抑郁的直接效应显著(β=0.480,95%CI:0.429~0.532),慢性病患病数量的单独中介效应显著(β=0.042,95%CI:0.030~0.056),夜间睡眠时长的单独中介效应显著(β=0.054,95%CI:0.042 ~0.067),慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长的链式中介效应显著(β=0.002,95%CI:0.001~0.004)。

结论

慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在在老年人躯体疼痛与抑郁间存在单独和链式中介作用。因此,建议完善老年健康政策,将老年疼痛评估与管理纳入基本公共卫生服务范畴,重点关注老年人的慢病管理和睡眠调节,实现抑郁预防关口前移。

老年人  /  躯体疼痛  /  慢性病  /  夜间睡眠时长  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of the number of chronic diseases and nighttime sleep duration on the relationship between somatic pain and depression in older adults, so as to provide reference for the improvement of older adults’ mental health.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Aged Care Tracking Survey (CHARLS) 2020 were used to explore the correlation between somatic pain, the number of chronic diseases, the number of hours of sleep at night, and depression among older adults by using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the chain mediation effect was analyzed by using the Bootstrap method in the Process 4.1 program of SPSS.

Results

A total of 4 109 study participants were included in this study, in which the depression detection rate was 46.90% and pain prevalence was 64.37%. The direct effect of somatic pain on depression was significant (β=0.480, 95%CI:0.429 to 0.532), the separate mediated effect of the number of chronic disease prevalence was significant (β=0.042,95%CI:0.030 to 0.056), and the separate mediated effect of the length of nocturnal sleep was significant (β=0.054, 95%CI:0.042 to 0.067). The chain-mediated effect of the number of chronic diseases and nighttime sleep duration was significant (β=0.002, 95%CI:0.001 to 0.004).

Conclusion

The number of chronic diseases and hours of nighttime sleep mediated the separate and chain-mediated effects between somatic pain and depression in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the geriatric health policy, incorporate geriatric pain assessment and management into the scope of basic public health services, focus on chronic disease management and sleep regulation in older adults, and realize the forward movement of depression prevention.

Older adults  /  Somatic pain  /  Chronic diseases  /  Nocturnal sleep duration  /  Depression
宫云娜, 隋欣, 菅云龙, 宋立芹, 王文超, 鲜国炜, 张晓林, 马春晓, 张晶, 马勇. 慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在老年人躯体疼痛和抑郁间的链式中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2994 -2999 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503565
Yun-na GONG, Xin SUI, Yun-long JIAN, Li-xin SONG, Wen-chao WANG, Guo-wei XIAN, Xiao-lin ZHANG, Chun-xiao MA, Jing ZHANG, Yong MA. Chain-mediated effects between the number of chronic disease conditions and nighttime sleep duration in older adults with somatic pain and depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2994 -2999 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503565
疼痛是一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关的负面情绪体验或类似的经历[1]。其中,慢性疼痛则定义为疼痛持续或周期性存在超过三个月,与抑郁等心理疾病具有较高的共病率[2]。调查显示,全球范围内有超过50%的慢性疼痛患者存在不同程度的抑郁症状[3]。而抑郁作为一种常见的心理疾病,对老年人身心健康产生了严重影响,包括食欲减退、情绪低落、焦虑不安等,进而导致生活质量下降、自杀率上升等不良后果[4]。相关研究显示,我国老年人抑郁患病率高达20.6%[5],且这一数据仍在上升。
调查显示,疼痛尤其是慢性疼痛,常伴有睡眠问题,患有疼痛症状的患者与正常人相比,睡眠问题存在率高达70%[6]。此外,疼痛还是慢性病患病的重要影响因素之一,长期的慢性疼痛会使机体的炎症因子反复存在,有研究表明此类促炎性细胞因子与心血管疾病、糖尿病等多种慢性病的发病相关[7]。以往研究发现,躯体疼痛、慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长等因素与抑郁症密切相关[8],但相关研究多集中在单个因素或两个因素的交互作用对抑郁症状的影响问题上,对多因素之间的相互作用机制则研究较少。因此,本文基于2020年CHARLS数据探讨老年人慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长在躯体疼痛与抑郁之间的中介作用,以期为改善老年人抑郁状况提供参考。
本研究数据采用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)的全国调查数据。CHARLS人群队列研究,涵盖国内28个省的150个县,450个社区(村)。涉及家庭结构、经济状况、医疗保健、健康状况、生活方式以及养老退休等多方面内容。本研究选取年龄≥60岁的老年人作为调查对象,经数据整理剔除关键变量有缺失的人群,最终获得4 109名研究对象。
CHARLS调查问卷中“认知与抑郁”部分采用了Andresen等[9]修订的简版流调中心抑郁评价量表(CESD-10)进行评定。CESD-10包含10个条目,将选项赋值0~3分,其中对“我对未来充满希望”“我很愉快”等进行反向评分,将得分进行加总,总分范围0~30分,根据已有研究,将CES-D得分≥10作为有无抑郁症状的临界,得分越高,抑郁程度越大[9]。本研究抑郁量表简表Cronbach α系数为0.783。
依据CHARLS问卷中“身体哪些部位感到疼痛?请列出所有部位”将疼痛部位进行加总,包括头部、肩膀、胳膊、手腕等15个部位。根据Ma等[10]的方法将躯体疼痛设为等级分类变量,依据疼痛部位的数量进行分类,其中,“无痛”=0、“轻度疼痛”=1~3、“中重度疼痛”≥4。
2020年CHALRS调查问卷中共提及高血压、血脂失调、糖尿病、慢性肺部疾病等15种慢性病种类,本研究根据调查对象的回答,令“是”=1,“否”=0,并将15种慢性病加总进行患病数量的测量。
以问卷中“在过去的一个月里,你晚上实际睡了多少小时”的问题为依据,判断被调查者的夜间睡眠时长。
本研究将性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、工作状况、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等作为控制变量,各变量赋值情况如表所示(见表1)。
运用Stata 18.0软件对相关数据进行筛选整理,并通过SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料采用结构相对数进行统计描述,计量资料采用均值±标准差进行统计描述;使用t检验或方差分析对调查对象的基本特征进行比较分析;躯体疼痛、慢性病患病数量、夜间睡眠时长与抑郁的关系采用Spearman秩相关进行分析;使用SPSS PROCESS 4.1宏程序进行中介效应检验,检验水准为α=0.05。
在4 109名老年人中,平均年龄(68.29±6.056)岁,其中男性682人(16.60%),女性3 427人(83.40%);年龄60~69岁2 639人(64.22%),70~79岁1 243人(30.25%),≥80岁227人(5.52%)。无疼痛者1 464(35.63%)、轻度疼痛者1 344(32.71%)、中重度疼痛者1 301(31.66%);夜间睡眠平均时长为(5.64±2.210)小时,抑郁平均得分为(10.02±6.816)分。性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等在抑郁得分中均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。见表2
同源方差严重会影响研究结果的可靠性,由于研究中的数据均来源于同一被试报告,易存在共同方法变异(Common Method Variance,CM),故对相关研究变量进行Harman单因子检验[11],结果显示共5个因子特征值大于1,且最大因子解释变异量为15.88%(<40%),说明该数据不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
根据Spearman相关分析结果显示,躯体疼痛与慢性病患病数量(r=0.200,P<0.001)、抑郁(r=0.367,P<0.001)呈正相关,与夜间睡眠时长(r=-0.194,P<0.001)存在负相关;慢性病患病数量与夜间睡眠时长(r=-0.054,P<0.001)呈负相关、与抑郁(r=0.128,P<0.001)呈现正相关;夜间睡眠时长与抑郁(r=-0.245,P<0.001)存在负相关。见表3
本研究将人口学特征、工作状况、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等因素作为控制变量,以躯体疼痛为自变量,抑郁为因变量,慢性病患病数量和夜间睡眠时长为中介变量,进行多重中介模型回归分析。结果显示,躯体疼痛对慢性病患病数量(β=0.053,P<0.001)和抑郁(β=0.480,P<0.001)有正向预测作用,对夜间睡眠时长有负向预测作用(β=-0.034,P<0.001);慢性病患病状况同样对夜间睡眠时长有反向预测作用(β=-0.020,P<0.05),并正向预测抑郁得分情况(β=0.797,P<0.001);夜间睡眠时长对抑郁得分有反向预测效果(β=-1.573,P<0.001)。见表4
根据链式中介路径分析结果显示,躯体疼痛与抑郁的总效应值为0.578,直接效应为0.480,总间接效应值为0.098。躯体疼痛与抑郁的直接效应存在统计学意义(95%CI:0.429~0.532)。慢性病患病数量和夜间睡眠时长的中介效应成立(95%CI:0.030~0.056;95%CI:0.042~0.067)。慢性病患病数量和夜间睡眠时长在躯体疼痛与抑郁之间的链式中介作用成立(95%CI:0.001~0.004)。见表5图1
研究发现,在4 109名老年人中,疼痛患病率为64.37%,与童迁等[8]的研究结果相似。且躯体疼痛能正向预测老年人抑郁症状,即躯体疼痛程度的加深、疼痛部位的增加均会导致老年人的抑郁症状越明显。有研究表明,约50%的重度抑郁症病人同时伴有慢性疼痛症状[12]。这可能与抑郁和慢性躯体疼痛处于同一神经元,导致躯体疼痛的神经感知会引起情绪低落、睡眠障碍等抑郁症状有关,增加老年人患抑郁风险[13]。并且,抑郁会破坏神经递质的平衡,从而影响躯体疼痛的感知与调节,增强疼痛的敏感性,导致疼痛和抑郁之间形成恶性循环[14]。此外,随着年龄的增长,生理功能衰退,老年人退行性病变逐渐增多,发病率在20%~36%[15],而这类疾病常伴随疼痛的发生,导致老年人身心俱疲,日常活动能力受阻,生活质量下降,致使抑郁风险增加[16]。因此,提示相关部门要完善老年健康政策的顶层设计,优化基本公共卫生服务,将老年疼痛评估与管理纳入基本公共卫生服务范畴。
本研究显示,躯体疼痛程度能够正向预测慢性病患病数量,具体而言,一方面,长期的躯体疼痛会导致身体的生理机能发生变化,比如各种炎症反应的持续存在,使得炎症因子(如肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β和干扰素γ)等促炎性细胞因子在伴有疼痛症状患者体内的含量较高[17],有研究表明这些细胞因子与心血管疾病、糖尿病等多种慢性病的发病有关[7]。另一方面,长期的痛觉和持续性的炎症会提高神经系统对疼痛的感知敏感度,使神经元变得异常兴奋,导致机体中枢敏感化。张家君等人[18]研究发现,患有中枢敏感化患者的脑平均血流速度明显大于无中枢敏感化症状的患者及正常人,而血流速度加快往往是高血压、脑部血管病变、动脉硬化等慢性病的高危诱导因素。此外,由于躯体疼痛会一定程度的影响老年人的日常生活能力及社交参与状况,导致缺乏足够的体能锻炼和社会参与,且有研究表明,躯体疼痛常与焦虑、抑郁等心理问题共存,大大提高了肥胖、高血脂、心理疾病等慢性病的发生风险[19]。而慢性病患病数量与抑郁呈正相关关系,这与既往研究结果一致[5]。因此,老年人的躯体疼痛程度能够正向预测慢性病患病,进而增加抑郁的患病风险。
研究结果显示,躯体疼痛程度能显著负向预测老年人的夜间睡眠时长进而影响其抑郁状况,具体而言,其一,躯体疼痛部位增多,尤其是各种炎症性疼痛会导致调节行为的关键神经递质系统(如多巴胺、甲肾上腺素)的活性降低,从而改变机体的睡眠模式[20],降低老年人的睡眠质量,导致入睡困难、睡眠减少。其二,患有躯体疼痛的老年人承受的生理及心理压力较大,出于对自身健康状况以及医疗负担的过分担忧,往往产生一系列情绪问题,导致入睡时间延长或睡眠碎片化。其三,躯体疼痛会限制老年人的身体活动,而适当的锻炼有助于提高睡眠质量。而夜间睡眠时长能够显著负向预测老年人抑郁得分情况。具体来看,首先,随着老年人年龄的增长,导致睡眠-觉醒的调节中枢出现萎缩,使得老年人更易受到睡眠紊乱的消极影响,睡眠觉醒时间明显增加,从而提高抑郁的患病风险[21]。再者,睡眠不足或睡眠质量变差会影响老年人正常的社交活动,导致出现孤独感和失落感,导致老年人抑郁程度加重。
本研究显示,老年人躯体疼痛可以通过慢性病患病数量作用于夜间睡眠时长,进而影响老年人的抑郁状况。具体来看,老年人躯体疼痛程度加重会增大慢性病患病风险[19],而多种慢性病均伴有疼痛、呼吸困难或炎症的出现,导致患慢性病数量越多,躯体疼痛程度越大,致使陷入恶性循环,由此造成的皮质醇等压力激素水平的增加,又会造成入睡困难、入睡周期缩短等睡眠问题,进而导致抑郁程度加重。由此可见,老年人躯体疼痛加重会导致慢性病患病风险增大,进而使得夜间睡眠时长减少,致使老年人患抑郁程度加重。因此,未来应加强老年人疼痛与慢病管理。一方面,各医疗机构及医护人员应提高健康管理服务意识与能力,定期对老年人进行疼痛评估和慢病监测,针对不同群体需求,制定个性化的健康管理计划。另一方面,依托基层社区和“互联网+健康医疗”等相关平台,定期开展健康教育活动,提高老年人对疼痛、慢性病和睡眠问题的正确认知,削减其消极情绪,降低患抑郁风险。
本研究仍存在一定局限性:第一,研究采用的CHARLS数据库为横断面数据,难以准确的判断各个变量之间的因果关系;第二,研究选取的主要变量,如躯体疼痛、夜间睡眠时长等均为自我报告,可能存在记忆偏差,影响测量的准确性。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503565
  • 接收时间:2025-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-29
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    山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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