Article(id=1241036253139882109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815700087, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815700087, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815700087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815700087, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3035, endPage=3039, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036254129737869, articleId=1241036253139882109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The mediating role of the number of somatic pain sites in the relationship between chronic disease count and depressive symptoms among the elderly, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore whether the number of somatic pain sites serves as a mediator between the number of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Methods

Based on data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 8 363 participants aged 60 and above were analyzed. The mediating role between variables was examined using Model 4 of the PROCESS 4.0 macro, and the Bootstrap method was applied for validation.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults reached 41.02%. An increase in both chronic disease count and pain site number was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. (r1=0.284, r2=0.350, both P<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites (r3=0.381, P<0.001).The mediation analysis results indicate that the number of pain sites (effect size=0.15, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.13-0.18) mediated the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Both the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites are important factors influencing depressive symptoms in the elderly, with the number of pain sites playing a partial mediating role between the two. It is recommended to strengthen pain management in the elderly, regularly assess pain status, provide personalized interventions, and incorporate psychological support to enhance the quality of life and promote mental health in elderly individuals.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi-qian WU, Qi JING, Wen-yu SU, Xin-yi ZHANG, Ru-xu GE, Li-hong JI, Zhi-wei DONG, Wen-gui ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241036255622910187, articleId=1241036253139882109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=躯体疼痛部位数量在老年人慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状间的中介效应研究, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨老年人群体中躯体疼痛部位数量在慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状之间的中介效应。

方法

本研究样本为2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据中60岁及以上的8 363名老年人。采用PROCESS 4.0程序检验疼痛部位数量的中介效应,并通过Bootstrap法进行验证。

结果

老年人抑郁症状的检出率为41.02%,慢性病数量和疼痛部位数量均与抑郁症状呈正相关(r1=0.284,r2=0.350,均P<0.001);慢性病数量与疼痛部位数量之间也存在正相关关系(r3=0.381,P<0.001)。中介效应结果显示,疼痛部位数量(效应值=0.15,Bootstrap 95%CI:0.13~0.18)在慢性病数量与抑郁症状之间的关系中起到了中介作用。

结论

慢性病数量和疼痛部位数量是老年人抑郁症状的重要影响因素,疼痛部位数量在两者之间起到部分中介作用。建议加强老年人疼痛管理,定期评估疼痛状况,提供个性化的干预措施,并结合心理健康支持,以提升老年人的生活质量并促进心理健康。

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郑文贵,E-mail:
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吴怡倩(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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吴怡倩(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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吴怡倩(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Chinese Journal of Pain Medicine, 2025, 31(1): 70-75. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation on the current situation and influencing factors of elderly pain in nursing homes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057513039261827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, awardId=72004165, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72004165), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057506588422802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506617782936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, companyId=1241057506588422802, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506626171546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, companyId=1241057506588422802, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057506743612069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506764583590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, companyId=1241057506743612069, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第二医科大学管理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057511676112936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of sample screening, figureFileSmall=kHLi1hPqYnebCpm3wh+5NQ==, figureFileBig=7VN/aOT0C3+9B/XkHDdToQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511797747760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样本筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=kHLi1hPqYnebCpm3wh+5NQ==, figureFileBig=7VN/aOT0C3+9B/XkHDdToQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511948742714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Pain site count as a mediator between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, figureFileSmall=t+5H7Ca1Cb2q4gO574/4OQ==, figureFileBig=a8gDjvr1e6UpeFFZvHZ5ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057512070377540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=CN, label=图2, caption=疼痛部位数量在慢性病数量和抑郁症状间的中介模型

注:a为慢性病数量对疼痛部位数量的效应,b为疼痛部位数量对抑郁症状的效应,c为慢性病数量对抑郁症状的总效应,c’为其直接效应。***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=t+5H7Ca1Cb2q4gO574/4OQ==, figureFileBig=a8gDjvr1e6UpeFFZvHZ5ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057512171040843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic depression symptoms in elderly with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数无抑郁
n(%)]
有抑郁
n(%)]
抑郁得分
$\bar{x} \pm s$
t/FP
性别17.72<0.001
4 1982 832(67.46)1 366(32.54)7.96±6.05
4 1652 101(50.44)2 064(49.56)10.46±6.81
年龄(岁)8.28<0.001
60~695 5263 310(50.90)2 216(40.10)9.04±6.55
70~792 3981 356(56.55)1 042(43.45)9.66±6.66
≥80439267(60.82)172(39.18)8.83±5.95
受教育程度147.41<0.001
小学以下4 1262 090(50.65)2 036(49.35)10.51±6.70
小学1 8541 136(61.27)718(38.73)8.90±6.38
中学1 4661 001(68.28)465(31.72)7.77±6.02
高中及以上917706(76.99)211(23.01)6.28±5.53
婚姻状况-11.00<0.001
在婚6 6584 091(61.44)2 567(38.56)10.83±6.91
其他1 705842(49.38)863(50.62)8.79±6.40
居住地16.72<0.001
农村4 9722 625(52.80)2 347(47.20)10.17±6.61
城市3 3912 308(68.06)1 083(31.94)7.80±6.22
是否吸烟-7.14<0.001
2 1751 406(64.64)769(35.36)8.38±6.13
6 1883 527(57.00)2 661(43.00)9.50±6.68
是否喝酒-13.07<0.001
2 8881 926(66.69)962(32.31)7.97±6.04
5 4753 007(54.92)2 468(45.08)9.86±6.73
自评健康状况747.30<0.001
1 8321 478(80.68)354(19.32)5.87±5.09
一般4 2202 633(62.39)1 587(37.61)8.60±5.96
2311822(35.57)1489(64.43)12.96±6.84
慢性病数量(种)153.14<0.001
01 154856(74.18)298(25.82)6.84±5.31
11 6781 131(67.40)547(32.60)7.90±5.99
21 7511 086(62.02)665(37.98)8.56±6.15
31 354791(58.42)563(41.58)9.33±6.47
≥42 4261 069(44.06)1 357(55.94)11.65±7.02
躯体疼痛数量(种)275.39<0.001
03 5542 632(74.06)922(25.94)6.91±5.44
11 074639(59.50)435(40.50)9.03±6.33
2855467(54.62)388(45.38)9.98±6.58
3629309(49.13)320(50.87)10.24±6.39
≥42 251886(39.36)1 365(60.64)12.33±6.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512292675663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036253139882109, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征的老年人抑郁症状基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数无抑郁
n(%)]
有抑郁
n(%)]
抑郁得分
$\bar{x} \pm s$
t/FP
性别17.72<0.001
4 1982 832(67.46)1 366(32.54)7.96±6.05
4 1652 101(50.44)2 064(49.56)10.46±6.81
年龄(岁)8.28<0.001
60~695 5263 310(50.90)2 216(40.10)9.04±6.55
70~792 3981 356(56.55)1 042(43.45)9.66±6.66
≥80439267(60.82)172(39.18)8.83±5.95
受教育程度147.41<0.001
小学以下4 1262 090(50.65)2 036(49.35)10.51±6.70
小学1 8541 136(61.27)718(38.73)8.90±6.38
中学1 4661 001(68.28)465(31.72)7.77±6.02
高中及以上917706(76.99)211(23.01)6.28±5.53
婚姻状况-11.00<0.001
在婚6 6584 091(61.44)2 567(38.56)10.83±6.91
其他1 705842(49.38)863(50.62)8.79±6.40
居住地16.72<0.001
农村4 9722 625(52.80)2 347(47.20)10.17±6.61
城市3 3912 308(68.06)1 083(31.94)7.80±6.22
是否吸烟-7.14<0.001
2 1751 406(64.64)769(35.36)8.38±6.13
6 1883 527(57.00)2 661(43.00)9.50±6.68
是否喝酒-13.07<0.001
2 8881 926(66.69)962(32.31)7.97±6.04
5 4753 007(54.92)2 468(45.08)9.86±6.73
自评健康状况747.30<0.001
1 8321 478(80.68)354(19.32)5.87±5.09
一般4 2202 633(62.39)1 587(37.61)8.60±5.96
2311822(35.57)1489(64.43)12.96±6.84
慢性病数量(种)153.14<0.001
01 154856(74.18)298(25.82)6.84±5.31
11 6781 131(67.40)547(32.60)7.90±5.99
21 7511 086(62.02)665(37.98)8.56±6.15
31 354791(58.42)563(41.58)9.33±6.47
≥42 4261 069(44.06)1 357(55.94)11.65±7.02
躯体疼痛数量(种)275.39<0.001
03 5542 632(74.06)922(25.94)6.91±5.44
11 074639(59.50)435(40.50)9.03±6.33
2855467(54.62)388(45.38)9.98±6.58
3629309(49.13)320(50.87)10.24±6.39
≥42 251886(39.36)1 365(60.64)12.33±6.89
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Correlation analysis of the number of chronic diseases, number of pain sites, and depression symptoms in the elderly(r)

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变量慢性病数量疼痛部位数量抑郁症状
慢性病数量1.000
疼痛部位数量0.381a1.000
抑郁症状0.284a0.350a1.000
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老年人慢性病数量、疼痛部位数量、抑郁症状的相关性分析(r)

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变量慢性病数量疼痛部位数量抑郁症状
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疼痛部位数量0.381a1.000
抑郁症状0.284a0.350a1.000
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Pain site count as a mediator between chronic disease count and depressive symptoms

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效应标准误效应值(Bootstrap 95%CI占总效应比率(%)
总效应0.030.51(0.45~0.58)
直接效应0.030.36(0.29~0.43)70.59
间接效应0.010.15(0.13~0.18)29.41
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疼痛部位数量在慢性病数量和抑郁症状之间的中介效应分析

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效应标准误效应值(Bootstrap 95%CI占总效应比率(%)
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直接效应0.030.36(0.29~0.43)70.59
间接效应0.010.15(0.13~0.18)29.41
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躯体疼痛部位数量在老年人慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状间的中介效应研究
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吴怡倩 1 , 井淇 2 , 苏文钰 1 , 张欣怡 1 , 葛汝旭 2 , 嵇丽红 1 , 董志伟 2 , 郑文贵 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(16): 3035-3039
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(16): 3035-3039
躯体疼痛部位数量在老年人慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状间的中介效应研究
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吴怡倩1, 井淇2, 苏文钰1, 张欣怡1, 葛汝旭2, 嵇丽红1, 董志伟2, 郑文贵1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第二医科大学管理学院
  • 吴怡倩(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

郑文贵,E-mail:
The mediating role of the number of somatic pain sites in the relationship between chronic disease count and depressive symptoms among the elderly
Yi-qian WU1, Qi JING2, Wen-yu SU1, Xin-yi ZHANG1, Ru-xu GE2, Li-hong JI1, Zhi-wei DONG2, Wen-gui ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011
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目的

探讨老年人群体中躯体疼痛部位数量在慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状之间的中介效应。

方法

本研究样本为2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据中60岁及以上的8 363名老年人。采用PROCESS 4.0程序检验疼痛部位数量的中介效应,并通过Bootstrap法进行验证。

结果

老年人抑郁症状的检出率为41.02%,慢性病数量和疼痛部位数量均与抑郁症状呈正相关(r1=0.284,r2=0.350,均P<0.001);慢性病数量与疼痛部位数量之间也存在正相关关系(r3=0.381,P<0.001)。中介效应结果显示,疼痛部位数量(效应值=0.15,Bootstrap 95%CI:0.13~0.18)在慢性病数量与抑郁症状之间的关系中起到了中介作用。

结论

慢性病数量和疼痛部位数量是老年人抑郁症状的重要影响因素,疼痛部位数量在两者之间起到部分中介作用。建议加强老年人疼痛管理,定期评估疼痛状况,提供个性化的干预措施,并结合心理健康支持,以提升老年人的生活质量并促进心理健康。

老年人  /  慢性病数量  /  疼痛部位数量  /  抑郁症状  /  中介效应
Objective

To explore whether the number of somatic pain sites serves as a mediator between the number of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Methods

Based on data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 8 363 participants aged 60 and above were analyzed. The mediating role between variables was examined using Model 4 of the PROCESS 4.0 macro, and the Bootstrap method was applied for validation.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults reached 41.02%. An increase in both chronic disease count and pain site number was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. (r1=0.284, r2=0.350, both P<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites (r3=0.381, P<0.001).The mediation analysis results indicate that the number of pain sites (effect size=0.15, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.13-0.18) mediated the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Both the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites are important factors influencing depressive symptoms in the elderly, with the number of pain sites playing a partial mediating role between the two. It is recommended to strengthen pain management in the elderly, regularly assess pain status, provide personalized interventions, and incorporate psychological support to enhance the quality of life and promote mental health in elderly individuals.

Elderly  /  Number of chronic diseases  /  Number of pain sites  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Mediating effect
吴怡倩, 井淇, 苏文钰, 张欣怡, 葛汝旭, 嵇丽红, 董志伟, 郑文贵. 躯体疼痛部位数量在老年人慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状间的中介效应研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3035 -3039 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011
Yi-qian WU, Qi JING, Wen-yu SU, Xin-yi ZHANG, Ru-xu GE, Li-hong JI, Zhi-wei DONG, Wen-gui ZHENG. The mediating role of the number of somatic pain sites in the relationship between chronic disease count and depressive symptoms among the elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3035 -3039 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011
根据第七次全国人口普查数据,我国60岁及以上的老年人口比例已达到18.7%[1],随着人口老龄化进程的加速,老年人群体面临的心理健康问题日益突出[2]。老年人抑郁症作为常见的心理健康问题,已成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题[3]。研究表明,我国60岁及以上老年人中,抑郁症状的发生率高达45.3%[4]。这些症状表现为情绪低落、兴趣丧失、体力下降、记忆力减退以及睡眠和食欲紊乱等,若未得到及时干预,可能会发展为严重的抑郁症,显著影响老年人的生活质量和社会功能,进而带来沉重的疾病负担[5]。为了应对这一问题,《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》明确提出要提高老年人心理健康水平,加强老年人群体的抑郁症预防与治疗,倡导健康生活方式,减少心理疾病带来的社会影响[6]
既往研究[7]表明慢性病是老年人抑郁症状的重要诱因,且慢性病的数量与抑郁症发生风险呈正相关。此外,躯体疼痛作为老年群体又一常见的健康问题,不仅影响老年人的身体功能,还能通过生理和心理机制加剧抑郁症状[8]。并且王瑞琪等学者发现疼痛部位数目越多,老年人抑郁症状的检出率越高[9]。目前,国内研究主要集中于老年人慢性病、疼痛、抑郁症状两两之间的关联,但对于三者关系的探究较为欠缺。鉴于此,本研究基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)展开分析,旨在探究三者之间潜在的影响机制,并探讨疼痛部位数量在慢性病患病数量和抑郁症状之间是否发挥中介作用,为老年人抑郁症状的早期识别和干预提供新的理论视角和实践参考。
本研究为横断面研究,数据源自2020年CHARLS项目。该调查采用多阶段随机抽样,从全国30个省级行政单位随机抽取450个村进行调查,每两年进行一次追踪,该调查涵盖了基本信息、健康状况、医疗保险、工作和住房情况等多个方面,是我国中老年人健康领域的权威调查[10]。经过排除受访者年龄小于60岁和关键变量缺失的样本后,最终纳入8 363例样本,详见图1
本研究将慢性病患病数量作为自变量,参考问卷中列出的15类慢性病,包括高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、慢性肺部疾病、肝脏相关疾病、心脏病、中风、肾脏疾病、胃及消化系统疾病、心理与情绪障碍、记忆障碍、帕金森症、关节炎或风湿、哮喘等。通过问题“是否曾被医生诊断患有以下疾病”进行判断,每种慢性病计1分,总分最高为15分,分值越高表示个体患有的慢性病种类越多。
抑郁症状作为本研究的因变量,通过流行病学研究中心简版量表(CESD-10)进行测量,包括10个条目,单项评分为0至3,第5和第8题为反向计分。总得分用于衡量抑郁程度,得分≥10分表示可能存在抑郁问题[11]。该量表适用于评估中老年人群的抑郁状况(Cronbach α=0.842)[11]
本研究将躯体疼痛部位的数量作为中介变量。调查问卷涵盖15个可能出现疼痛的身体部位,如括头、肩膀、手臂、手腕、手指、胸、胃、背、腰、臀部、腿、膝、脚踝、脚趾、颈椎。受访者需回答“身体哪些部位出现疼痛”,每提及一个部位计1分,总分范围为0至15分,分数越高表示慢性疼痛部位越多。
根据既往研究[12-13],设定性别、年龄、受教育水平、婚姻状况、居住地、吸烟、饮酒以及自评健康等因素为控制变量。
使用Stata 17.0软件对CHARLS数据库进行数据预处理,包括数据清洗和整理。运用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,对连续型变量采用均值±标准差进行描述性统计,分类变量则以频数及百分比(%)呈现。组间差异的分析采用t检验或方差分析完成。采用Pearson相关分析法探讨慢性病患病数量、疼痛部位数量与抑郁症状的相关性,并通过PROCESS 4.0的Model 4模型结合Bootstrap抽样方法评估中介效应,检验水平设定为α=0.05(双侧)[14]
共纳入8 363例研究对象,平均年龄为(67.96±6.01)岁,其中男性4 198例(50.20%),女性4 165例(49.80%)。研究对象抑郁症状平均得分为(9.21±6.56),共检出抑郁症状的老年人3 430人,抑郁症状检出率为41.02%。在慢性病的分布中,未患慢性病的老年人有1 154人(13.78%),患1种慢性病的有1 678人(20.07%),患2种慢性病的有1 751人(20.93%),患3种慢性病的有1 354人(16.19%),患4种及以上慢性病的有2 426人(29.03%)。在疼痛部位分布中,未报告疼痛的老年人为3 554人(42.51%),有1处疼痛部位的为1 074人(12.84%),有2处疼痛部位的为855人(10.23%),有3处疼痛部位的为629人(7.53%),有4处及以上疼痛部位的为2 251人(26.92%)。见表1
老年人在性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻、居住地、吸烟、饮酒行为、自评健康、慢性病种类数和疼痛部位数等方面,其抑郁症状差异具有统计学显著性(P<0.01)。见表1
Pearson相关性分析显示,慢性病数量与抑郁症状呈正相关(r= 0.284,P<0.001),疼痛部位数量亦与抑郁症状显著正相关(r=0.350,P<0.001);此外,慢性病数量与疼痛部位数量之间也存在显著正相关关系(r=0.381,P<0.001)。见表2
在控制性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、居住地、吸烟、饮酒和自评健康等混杂因素后,构建中介模型以检验疼痛部位数量在慢性病数量与老年人抑郁症状之间的中介作用。模型1用于评估慢性病数量对抑郁症状的总效应;模型2检验慢性病数量对疼痛部位数量的预测;模型3同时纳入自变量和中介变量,用于识别直接与间接路径。回归结果显示,慢性病数量显著预测抑郁症状(β=0.512,P<0.001)和疼痛部位数量(β=0.487,P<0.001);引入中介变量后,疼痛部位数量对抑郁呈显著正向影响(β=0.309,P<0.001),同时慢性病的直接效应减弱(β=0.361,P<0.001),表明疼痛部位数量在其中发挥部分中介作用。
构建中介模型后,发现慢性病数量对抑郁症状的总效应值为0.51,直接效应值为0.36,说明疼痛部位数量在慢性病数量与抑郁症状间存在部分中介效应。并且中介效应的Bootstrap 95%CI(随机抽样5 000次)不包括0,表明中介效应显著,中介作用路径图如图2。因此,在慢性病数量与抑郁症状之间,疼痛部位数量的部分中介效应占比29.41%,而直接效应为70.59%。见表3
结果显示,60岁及以上老年人抑郁症状总检出率为41.02%,与Yu[15](39.86%)、袁玫[16](43.62%)等学者的研究结果相似。有研究表明我国人群抑郁症状检出率为31.57%[17],本研究的老年人抑郁症状检出率高于全人群检出率。这可能是由于老年人群体面临更多与年龄相关的生理、心理和社会因素,如慢性疾病的增多、身体功能的衰退、孤独感的加剧以及生活质量的下降等,这些因素可能加重了老年人抑郁症状的发生[18-19]
根据统计分析结果,老年人慢性病患病数量与抑郁症状呈正相关。既往研究表明[20],慢性病是老年人抑郁症的关键风险因素,且慢性病的种类越多,抑郁症状发生的风险也越高。并且老年人慢性病患病数量与疼痛部位数量呈正相关。慢性病的增多往往伴随更多的身体不适和疼痛,尤其是关节炎、心血管疾病和糖尿病等疾病,这些疾病在老年人群体中较为常见,并且与多种部位的身体疼痛密切相关[21]。此外,老年人躯体疼痛部位的数量与抑郁症状呈现显著的正相关,这与王鼎凯等人[22]的研究结果一致。疼痛不仅是身体上的不适,它还会通过影响日常活动能力、降低生活质量和增加心理负担等途径,进一步加重抑郁症状的发生与发展[23-24]
本研究表明,疼痛部位数量在慢性病患病数量与抑郁症状之间起到部分中介效应。慢性病数量不仅直接影响抑郁症状,还通过疼痛部位数量间接影响抑郁症状。具体而言,随着老年人慢性病数量的增加,尤其是与关节、骨骼、神经等相关的疾病,个体更容易经历多部位疼痛[25]。疼痛作为一种持续性的应激源,可干扰大脑边缘系统和前额叶皮层等情绪调节区域,诱发焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪反应[26]。同时,根据中枢敏化理论[27-28],反复或多源性的疼痛可导致中枢神经系统对疼痛信号的敏感性增强,放大疼痛感知,加剧抑郁倾向。此外,随着疼痛部位数量的增加,老年人的身体功能衰退和生活自理能力受限,由此引发的生活质量下降和持续性不适进一步促发烦躁、不安等情绪反应[29-30]。因此,慢性病通过增加疼痛部位,间接地加剧了抑郁症的表现,进一步加重了老年人的身体和心理负担。
本研究创新性地探讨了老年人慢性病数量、疼痛部位数量与抑郁症状之间的关系,发现疼痛部位数量在其中具有部分中介作用,凸显了疼痛管理对老年人心理健康的重要性。然而,受限于2020年CHARLS横断面数据和疼痛指标的单一性,因果推断和结果全面性存在局限。未来应关注疼痛的多维特征,深入揭示其作用机制。综上,建议在老年医疗服务中加强疼痛评估与干预,结合心理支持,尤其针对慢病共存人群,制定个性化、综合性的管理策略,以提升其生活质量与心理健康水平。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72004165)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011
  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72004165)
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    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第二医科大学管理学院

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郑文贵,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503011
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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