Article(id=1241036251889988032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504143, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815699788, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815699788, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815699788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815699788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2952, endPage=2957, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036255014744608, articleId=1241036251889988032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of hepatitis B vaccination status and influencing factors among children born to HBsAg positive mothers, Qingdao City, 2020-2022, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the vaccination status of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City, to investigate factors influencing the vaccination timeliness of HepB.

Methods

Vaccination data of HepB among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City from 2020 to 2022 was obtained from Shandong immunization information systems. The vaccination rates and timely vaccination rates of HepB were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing vaccination timeliness.

Results

A total of 6 232 children born to HBsAg positive mothers were included. The vaccination rate of first dose of HepB (HepB1) was 100%, and the timely vaccination rate (within 12 hours of birth) of HepB1 was 84.88%. The full-course vaccination rate of HepB was 99.73%, and the timely full-course vaccination rate (within six months of birth) was 73.38%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that born in 2021 (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.26-1.80), born in 2022 (OR=4.92, 95%CI: 3.91-6.20), born in county-level hospitals (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.38-1.96) and private hospitals (OR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.88-3.50), birth weight ≥2.5kg (OR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.88-4.44), gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.28-2.61), birth time not between 3 PM and 9 PM (OR=12.63, 95%CI: 10.69-14.95) were promoting factors for the vaccination timeliness of HepB1; Female (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.26) was a promoting factor for the vaccination timeliness of full-course HepB; Gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.57-0.95), second birth (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.86), third birth and above (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.46-0.70) were risk factors for the vaccination timeliness of full-course HepB.

Conclusion

The vaccination rates of HepB1 and full-course HepB among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City were maintained at a high level, but the timely vaccination rates were relatively low. We should take targeted measures to improve the vaccination timeliness of HepB.

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目的

分析青岛市乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性母亲所生儿童乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种情况,探讨影响HepB接种及时性的相关因素。

方法

通过山东省预防接种信息系统收集2020—2022年青岛市HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB接种信息,分析HepB接种率和及时接种率,接种及时性影响因素单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。

结果

共纳入目标儿童6 232人,首剂HepB(HepB1)接种率为100%,出生12 h内及时接种率为84.88%;HepB全程接种率为99.73%,6月龄内及时接种率为73.38%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,2021年出生(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.26~1.80)、2022年出生(OR=4.92,95%CI:3.91~6.20),出生医院为县级医院(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.38~1.96)、私立医院(OR=2.57,95%CI:1.88~3.50),出生体重≥2.5kg(OR=2.89,95%CI:1.88~4.44),出生胎龄≥37周(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.28~2.61),出生时间不在15~21时(OR=12.63,95%CI:10.69~14.95)是HepB1及时接种的促进因素;女性(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.01~1.26)是HepB全程及时接种的促进因素,出生胎龄≥37周(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.57~0.95)、胎次为2胎(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.68~0.86)、3胎及以上(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.46~0.70)是HepB全程及时接种的危险因素。

结论

青岛市HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1和HepB全程接种率保持在较高水平,但及时接种率较低,需采取针对性措施提高HepB接种及时性。

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杨峰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GKI2VqVvVo3vEOsTMqoeog==, magXml=EpLOjmjGwjrNOb1OhK2u0A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AyOQXhIGGnPwovCHea9SqQ==, pdfFileSize=549035, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=d1pL1ILwVvUu+tdM4sMJ7Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=q6S+f+C7hzFJWd8fdTd6TQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

肖婷婷(1980—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:免疫规划

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Vaccine, 2019, 37(17): 2331-2339., articleTitle=Delayed vaccination and its predictors among children under 2 years in India: Insights from the National family health survey-4, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057508601688904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, awardId=CPMA-JY2021-006, language=CN, fundingSource=中华预防医学会预防接种信息化与服务能力提升项目(CPMA-JY2021-006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057504193475030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504206057943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, companyId=1241057504193475030, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504218640857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, companyId=1241057504193475030, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院,山东 青岛 266033)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057504306721245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504323498462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, companyId=1241057504306721245, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057507439866589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution of timely HepB1 vaccinationamong children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao from 2020 to 2022, figureFileSmall=9C8Dxxy2uZVhKP90nkQdug==, figureFileBig=NjuDv4jMALjr8nnO/Ev20w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057507519558378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1接种及时性分布, figureFileSmall=9C8Dxxy2uZVhKP90nkQdug==, figureFileBig=NjuDv4jMALjr8nnO/Ev20w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057507699913462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of birth time among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao from 2020 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出生时间出生儿童数构成比
(%)
HepB1接种数HepB1及时接种数HepB1及时接种率(%)
0时1262.0212611893.65
1时1221.9612211594.26
2时1382.2113813194.93
3时1582.5415815598.10
4时1382.2113813698.55
5时1562.5015615297.44
6时1672.6816716699.40
7时1913.0619118898.43
8时4096.5640940699.27
9时5538.8755354798.92
10时5629.0256254697.15
11时5048.0950449397.82
12时2874.6128727595.82
13时3335.3433328284.68
14时4266.8442632175.35
15时4176.6941728768.82
16时3495.6034920558.74
17时2654.2526514052.83
18时1772.8417710056.50
19时1642.631648954.27
20时1472.361478255.78
21时1532.4615310166.01
22时1562.5015613687.18
23时1342.1513411988.81
合计6 232100.006 2325 29084.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241057507800576769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童出生时间分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出生时间出生儿童数构成比
(%)
HepB1接种数HepB1及时接种数HepB1及时接种率(%)
0时1262.0212611893.65
1时1221.9612211594.26
2时1382.2113813194.93
3时1582.5415815598.10
4时1382.2113813698.55
5时1562.5015615297.44
6时1672.6816716699.40
7时1913.0619118898.43
8时4096.5640940699.27
9时5538.8755354798.92
10时5629.0256254697.15
11时5048.0950449397.82
12时2874.6128727595.82
13时3335.3433328284.68
14时4266.8442632175.35
15时4176.6941728768.82
16时3495.6034920558.74
17时2654.2526514052.83
18时1772.8417710056.50
19时1642.631648954.27
20时1472.361478255.78
21时1532.4615310166.01
22时1562.5015613687.18
23时1342.1513411988.81
合计6 232100.006 2325 29084.88
), ArticleFig(id=1241057507918017293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of influencing factors of timely HepB1 vaccination among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao from 2020 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查儿童数及时接种儿童数及时接种率(%)单因素分析多因素分析
χ2POR(95%CI
性别0.6010.438
3 2482 76885.22
2 9842 52284.52
出生年份122.695<0.001
2020年2 4161 94580.501.00
2021年2 0161 67983.281.51(1.26~1.80)
2022年1 8001 66692.564.92(3.91~6.20)
出生医院62.520<0.001
市级及以上3 0862 51781.561.00
县级2 4052 09387.031.65(1.38~1.96)
私立74168091.772.57(1.88~3.50)
出生体重(kg)77.720<0.001
<2.523915564.851.00
≥2.55 9935 13585.682.89(1.88~4.44)
出生胎龄(周)70.973<0.001
<3737826469.841.00
≥375 8545 02685.861.83(1.28~2.61)
胎次23.096<0.001
13 5462 94583.051.00
22 2571 96286.931.04(0.88~1.24)
≥342938389.281.22(0.85~1.76)
出生时母亲年龄(岁)1.7750.183
<354 4593 76884.50
≥351 7731 52285.84
多胞胎10.0510.002
15311675.821.00
6 0795 17485.111.20(0.74~1.95)
出生时间在15~21时943.347<0.001
1 25571757.131.00
4 9774 57391.8812.63(10.69~14.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508048040724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1及时接种影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查儿童数及时接种儿童数及时接种率(%)单因素分析多因素分析
χ2POR(95%CI
性别0.6010.438
3 2482 76885.22
2 9842 52284.52
出生年份122.695<0.001
2020年2 4161 94580.501.00
2021年2 0161 67983.281.51(1.26~1.80)
2022年1 8001 66692.564.92(3.91~6.20)
出生医院62.520<0.001
市级及以上3 0862 51781.561.00
县级2 4052 09387.031.65(1.38~1.96)
私立74168091.772.57(1.88~3.50)
出生体重(kg)77.720<0.001
<2.523915564.851.00
≥2.55 9935 13585.682.89(1.88~4.44)
出生胎龄(周)70.973<0.001
<3737826469.841.00
≥375 8545 02685.861.83(1.28~2.61)
胎次23.096<0.001
13 5462 94583.051.00
22 2571 96286.931.04(0.88~1.24)
≥342938389.281.22(0.85~1.76)
出生时母亲年龄(岁)1.7750.183
<354 4593 76884.50
≥351 7731 52285.84
多胞胎10.0510.002
15311675.821.00
6 0795 17485.111.20(0.74~1.95)
出生时间在15~21时943.347<0.001
1 25571757.131.00
4 9774 57391.8812.63(10.69~14.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508194841384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of influencing factors of timely HepB full-course vaccination among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao from 2020 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查儿童数及时接种儿童数及时接种率(%)单因素分析多因素分析
χ2POR(95%CI
性别4.8440.028
3 2482 34572.201.00
2 9842 22874.661.13(1.01~1.26)
出生年份8.0630.018
2020年2 4161 76773.141.00
2021年2 0161 44471.630.93(0.82~1.06)
2022年1 8001 36275.671.15(0.99~1.32)
出生医院级别4.4080.110
市级及以上3 0862 29974.50
县级2 4051 73171.98
私立74154373.28
出生体重(kg)1.2940.255
<2.523918376.57
≥2.55 9934 39073.25
出生胎龄(周)6.1340.013
<3737829878.841.00
≥375 8544 27573.030.73(0.57~0.95)
胎次38.564<0.001
13 5462 69976.111.00
22 2571 59770.760.77(0.68~0.86)
≥342927764.570.57(0.46~0.70)
出生时母亲年龄(岁)0.4870.485
<354 4593 26173.13
≥351 7731 31274.00
多胞胎1.8130.178
15310568.63
6 0794 46873.50
出生时间在15~21时1.0840.298
1 6721 24374.34
4 5603 33073.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508345836340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251889988032, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB全程及时接种影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查儿童数及时接种儿童数及时接种率(%)单因素分析多因素分析
χ2POR(95%CI
性别4.8440.028
3 2482 34572.201.00
2 9842 22874.661.13(1.01~1.26)
出生年份8.0630.018
2020年2 4161 76773.141.00
2021年2 0161 44471.630.93(0.82~1.06)
2022年1 8001 36275.671.15(0.99~1.32)
出生医院级别4.4080.110
市级及以上3 0862 29974.50
县级2 4051 73171.98
私立74154373.28
出生体重(kg)1.2940.255
<2.523918376.57
≥2.55 9934 39073.25
出生胎龄(周)6.1340.013
<3737829878.841.00
≥375 8544 27573.030.73(0.57~0.95)
胎次38.564<0.001
13 5462 69976.111.00
22 2571 59770.760.77(0.68~0.86)
≥342927764.570.57(0.46~0.70)
出生时母亲年龄(岁)0.4870.485
<354 4593 26173.13
≥351 7731 31274.00
多胞胎1.8130.178
15310568.63
6 0794 46873.50
出生时间在15~21时1.0840.298
1 6721 24374.34
4 5603 33073.03
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青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童乙肝疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析
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肖婷婷 1 , 胡永玲 2 , 刘珍珠 1 , 刘思彤 1 , 郝思成 1 , 杨峰 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(16): 2952-2957
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(16): 2952-2957
青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童乙肝疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析
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肖婷婷1, 胡永玲2, 刘珍珠1, 刘思彤1, 郝思成1, 杨峰1
作者信息
  • 1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院,山东 青岛 266033
  • 2.青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心
  • 肖婷婷(1980—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:免疫规划

通讯作者:

杨峰,E-mail:
Analysis of hepatitis B vaccination status and influencing factors among children born to HBsAg positive mothers, Qingdao City, 2020-2022
Ting-ting XIAO1, Yong-ling HU2, Zhen-zhu LIU1, Si-tong LIU1, Si-cheng HAO1, Feng YANG1
Affiliations
  • Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504143
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目的

分析青岛市乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性母亲所生儿童乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种情况,探讨影响HepB接种及时性的相关因素。

方法

通过山东省预防接种信息系统收集2020—2022年青岛市HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB接种信息,分析HepB接种率和及时接种率,接种及时性影响因素单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。

结果

共纳入目标儿童6 232人,首剂HepB(HepB1)接种率为100%,出生12 h内及时接种率为84.88%;HepB全程接种率为99.73%,6月龄内及时接种率为73.38%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,2021年出生(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.26~1.80)、2022年出生(OR=4.92,95%CI:3.91~6.20),出生医院为县级医院(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.38~1.96)、私立医院(OR=2.57,95%CI:1.88~3.50),出生体重≥2.5kg(OR=2.89,95%CI:1.88~4.44),出生胎龄≥37周(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.28~2.61),出生时间不在15~21时(OR=12.63,95%CI:10.69~14.95)是HepB1及时接种的促进因素;女性(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.01~1.26)是HepB全程及时接种的促进因素,出生胎龄≥37周(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.57~0.95)、胎次为2胎(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.68~0.86)、3胎及以上(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.46~0.70)是HepB全程及时接种的危险因素。

结论

青岛市HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1和HepB全程接种率保持在较高水平,但及时接种率较低,需采取针对性措施提高HepB接种及时性。

乙型肝炎表面抗原  /  乙型肝炎疫苗  /  接种及时性  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the vaccination status of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City, to investigate factors influencing the vaccination timeliness of HepB.

Methods

Vaccination data of HepB among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City from 2020 to 2022 was obtained from Shandong immunization information systems. The vaccination rates and timely vaccination rates of HepB were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing vaccination timeliness.

Results

A total of 6 232 children born to HBsAg positive mothers were included. The vaccination rate of first dose of HepB (HepB1) was 100%, and the timely vaccination rate (within 12 hours of birth) of HepB1 was 84.88%. The full-course vaccination rate of HepB was 99.73%, and the timely full-course vaccination rate (within six months of birth) was 73.38%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that born in 2021 (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.26-1.80), born in 2022 (OR=4.92, 95%CI: 3.91-6.20), born in county-level hospitals (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.38-1.96) and private hospitals (OR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.88-3.50), birth weight ≥2.5kg (OR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.88-4.44), gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.28-2.61), birth time not between 3 PM and 9 PM (OR=12.63, 95%CI: 10.69-14.95) were promoting factors for the vaccination timeliness of HepB1; Female (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.26) was a promoting factor for the vaccination timeliness of full-course HepB; Gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.57-0.95), second birth (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.86), third birth and above (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.46-0.70) were risk factors for the vaccination timeliness of full-course HepB.

Conclusion

The vaccination rates of HepB1 and full-course HepB among children born to HBsAg positive mothers in Qingdao City were maintained at a high level, but the timely vaccination rates were relatively low. We should take targeted measures to improve the vaccination timeliness of HepB.

Hepatitis B surface antigen  /  Hepatitis B vaccine  /  Vaccination timeliness  /  Influencing factors
肖婷婷, 胡永玲, 刘珍珠, 刘思彤, 郝思成, 杨峰. 青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童乙肝疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2952 -2957 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504143
Ting-ting XIAO, Yong-ling HU, Zhen-zhu LIU, Si-tong LIU, Si-cheng HAO, Feng YANG. Analysis of hepatitis B vaccination status and influencing factors among children born to HBsAg positive mothers, Qingdao City, 2020-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2952 -2957 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504143
乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)是严重危害人类健康的传染病之一,也是我国重点管理的疾病。婴儿期乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的主要传播途径是母婴传播,新生儿或婴儿感染HBV后发展为慢性感染的风险高达90%[1]。乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)接种是阻断乙肝母婴传播最经济最有效的措施。乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性母亲所生儿童出生后及时接种首剂HepB(HepB1)和乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白,并在1月龄和6月龄分别接种第2、3剂HepB,可高效阻断HBV母婴传播[2-3]。2021年版国家免疫规划疫苗儿童免疫程序及说明[4]将HBsAg阳性产妇所生儿童HepB1接种时限由原来的出生后24 h内调整到12 h内,对HepB1接种及时性提出了更高要求。本文分析青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB接种情况,并探讨影响HepB1和HepB全程接种及时性的相关因素。
选取2020—2022年青岛市所有医疗机构出生且在山东省预防接种信息系统建立档案、母亲HBsAg阳性的儿童作为研究对象,收集儿童性别、出生日期、出生医院、出生体重、胎次、出生胎龄、出生时母亲年龄、是否多胞胎、HepB接种时间等资料。儿童基本信息和HepB1接种信息来源于山东省产科预防接种信息系统,HepB全程接种信息来源于山东省儿童预防接种信息系统,HepB接种信息统计截至时间为2024年5月31日。
HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童,建议在出生后12 h内尽早接种HepB1,并在1月龄时接种第2剂HepB,6月龄时接种第3剂HepB。
HepB1及时接种指出生后12 h内接种HepB1,HepB全程接种指至少完成3剂次HepB接种,全程及时接种指满7月龄前至少完成3剂次HepB接种。低出生体重儿指出生体重小于2.5 kg的儿童;早产儿指出生时胎龄不足37周的儿童。
使用Excel 2019建立数据库,采用描述性流行病学方法对调查对象的基本特征和HepB接种情况进行分析。使用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,HepB及时接种影响因素单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析,检验水准取α=0.05。
共纳入HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童6 232人,其中2020年、2021年、2022年出生分别为2 416人、2 016人、1 800人;男性3 248人、女性2 984人;市级及以上、县级、私立医院出生分别为3 086人、2 405人、741人;低出生体重儿童为239人;第1 胎、第2 胎、第3胎及以上儿童分别3 546人、2 257人、429人;早产儿童为378人;出生时母亲年龄<35岁、≥35岁分别为4 459人、1 773人;单胎、多胞胎儿童分别为6 079人、153人。
6 232名HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童的HepB1接种率为100%,出生后12 h内完成接种5 290人,及时接种率为84.88%,HepB全程接种6 215人,全程接种率为99.73%,全程及时接种4 573人,全程及时接种率为73.38%。2020年、2021年、2022年出生儿童HepB1及时接种率分别为80.50%(1 945/2 416)、83.28%(1 679/2 016)、92.56%(1 666/1 800)。HepB1接种时间与出生时间间隔<1 h、1~<2 h、2~<3 h的接种率分别为17.63%、18.36%、15.61%,<3 h的累积接种率为51.60%,<6 h的累积接种率为73.60%。未及时接种942人,其中出生后12~24 h完成接种841人,出生后1~30 d完成接种53人,大于30 d完成接种48人。见图1
6 232名HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童出生时间高峰为9~11时,低谷为23时至次日1时,HepB1接种时间呈双峰分布,接种高峰集中在8~11时和14~16时,夜间22~23时和凌晨2~6时接种数较少,每个时段接种数不足出生儿童数的1%。及时接种率最高为6时出生儿童,其次为8时出生儿童,分别为99.40%和99.27%,15~21时出生儿童及时接种率较低,均未达到70%。见表1
HepB1及时接种率在出生年份、出生医院、出生胎龄、出生体重、胎次、单/多胞胎、出生时间是否在15~21时之间的差异有统计学意义。
以HepB1是否及时接种为因变量(0-未及时接种;1-及时接种),以单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素,出生年份(1-2020年;2-2021年;3-2022年)、出生医院(1-市级及以上;2-县级;3-私立)、出生胎龄(1-<37周;2-≥37周)、出生体重(1-<2.5 kg;2-≥2.5 kg )、胎次(1-1;2-2;3-≥3)、多胞胎(1-是;2-否)、出生时间在15~21时之间(1-是;2-否)作为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,出生年份、出生医院、出生体重、出生胎龄、出生时间是否在15~21时是HepB1及时接种的影响因素,其中2021—2022年出生,出生医院为县级医院、私立医院,出生体重≥2.5 kg,出生胎龄≥37周,出生时间不在15~21时是HepB1及时接种的促进因素。见表2
HepB全程及时接种率在性别、出生年份、出生胎龄、胎次之间差异有统计学意义,在出生医院、出生体重、出生时母亲年龄、单/多胞胎、出生时间是否在15~21时之间差异无统计学意义。
以HepB是否全程及时接种为因变量(0-未及时接种;1-及时接种),以单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素,性别(1-男;2-女)、出生年份(1-2020年;2-2021年;3-2022年)、出生胎龄(1-<37周;2-≥37周)、胎次(1-1;2-2;3-≥3)作为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,性别、出生胎龄、胎次是HepB全程及时接种的影响因素,其中女性是HepB全程及时接种的促进因素,出生胎龄≥37周、胎次为2胎及以上是HepB全程及时接种的危险因素。见表3
本研究结果显示,青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1出生12 h内及时接种率为84.88%,2020年及时接种率已达到80.50%,2021年2月国家卫生健康委下发新版国家免疫规划疫苗程序及说明,规定HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1应在出生12 h内完成接种,山东省2019年出台的《山东省病毒性肝炎防治行动计划》也建议将HepB1及时接种时间从出生后24 h内提前到12 h内,通过不断加强对医疗机构产科的宣传与培训,HepB1及时接种率由2020年的80.50%提高到2022年的92.56%,远高于济南市2020年调查的78.81%的水平[5],也高于德州市2023年调查的88.77%的水平[6]
《中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017—2020年)》提出儿童HepB全程接种率要保持在95%以上,青岛市2020—2022年HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB全程接种率为99.73%,保持在较高水平。说明HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB接种依从性较高,能够按照要求完成3剂次HepB全程接种。6月龄内HepB全程及时接种率为73.38%,高于南昌市水平[7],但低于宁波市[8]。近年来随着13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗、五价重配轮状病毒减毒活疫苗等非免疫规划疫苗的使用,儿童在6月龄之前需要接种疫苗剂次较多,导致部分儿童未能及时接种第3剂次HepB。另外,儿童满6月龄后母传抗体消失患病增多、家长疏忽忘记接种时间也是造成HepB全程及时接种率不高的原因[9]
HepB1及时接种率的影响因素分析结果显示,市级及以上医院出生儿童HepB1及时接种率低于县级及私立医院出生儿童,这可能是因为市级及以上医院医疗资源较好、设施较为完善,危重症产妇多选择这类医院分娩[10]。早产儿和低出生体重儿HepB1及时接种率低于正常新生儿,与既往相关调查结果一致[11-12]。HepB是一种接种安全性较高的疫苗,对于早产儿和低出生体重儿,WHO等国际组织均建议接种,且安全有效[13]。2021年版国家免疫规划疫苗儿童免疫程序及说明也明确要求应在出生后12 h内尽早为HBsAg阳性母亲所生早产儿、低体重儿接种HepB1[4]。产科接种室预防接种工作人员应加强理论知识学习,及时掌握HepB接种新要求,科学、适度把握HepB接种禁忌,减少HepB1缓种、迟种的发生。研究结果还显示,HepB1接种时间高峰集中在上下午工作时间段,出生时间在下午下班前后的15~21时的儿童HepB1接种及时率低于其他儿童,与济南、德州调查结果一致[5-6]。主要是因为HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HepB1及时接种时限由原来的出生后24 h内调整到12 h内,没有安排夜间乙肝疫苗接种服务的产科,该时段出生的儿童容易出现接种不及时的情况。提示HepB1接种时限要求提高后,政策落实的关键点在于医疗机构产科执行层面,建议进一步加强对产科的工作要求和业务培训,适当增加产科预防接种工作人员,方便夜间排班以提供夜间乙肝疫苗接种服务,不断提高HepB1及时接种率。
HepB全程及时接种率的影响因素分析结果显示,相比于足月儿,早产儿HepB全程及时接种率更高,可能是因为家长对早产儿关注度更高,疫苗及时接种意识更强。胎次为2胎及以上儿童HepB全程及时接种率低于头胎儿童,与既往研究结果基本一致[14]。多子女家庭需要家长付出更多精力和时间照顾孩子,从而使得家长对孩子关注度降低,这可能是2胎及以上儿童全程及时接种率低于头胎儿童的原因[15],提示2胎及以上儿童是HepB全程及时接种重点关注的对象。
本研究仍存在一些局限性:获取的变量有限,系统中新生儿Apgar评分录入不完整,缺少新生儿患病情况,仅将性别、出生年份、出生医院、出生体重、出生胎龄、胎次、出生时母亲年龄、是否多胞胎等因素纳入分析,未能对儿童家长乙肝相关知识知晓情况、家庭年收入、家长文化程度、预防接种工作人员乙肝母婴阻断知识知晓情况等可能的影响因素进行分析,需进行进一步探索。
  • 中华预防医学会预防接种信息化与服务能力提升项目(CPMA-JY2021-006)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504143
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
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中华预防医学会预防接种信息化与服务能力提升项目(CPMA-JY2021-006)
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    1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院,山东 青岛 266033
    2.青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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