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Article(id=1241036251411837357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412557, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815699675, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815699675, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815699675, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815699675, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3047, endPage=3053, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036251797713341, articleId=1241036251411837357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and the strength of the hypertension risk, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and hypertension using restricted cubic spline modeling.

Methods

The data for this study were sourced from the 2023 Zigong Respiratory Health Screening Program. A stratified random sample of Zigong residents aged 35 to 75 years was selected to participate in questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and health examinations. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and hypertension.

Results

A total of 4 142 participants aged 35-75 years were enrolled, with a hypertension prevalenceof 36.5%. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (OR) associated with hypertension prevalencewas 1.20(95%CI: 1.01-1.43) for the low neck circumference group and 1.42(95%CI: 1.17-1.72) for the high neck circumference group. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship between neck circumference and prevalence of hypertension in the overall population and in the noncentrally obese population(P<0.001 for overall trend and P<0.05 for nonlinearity). In contrast, in the centrally obese population, a linear dose-response relationship was demonstrated between prevalence of hypertension and neck circumference(overall trend P<0.001, nonlinear P>0.05).

Conclusion

Neck circumference is strongly associated with hypertension and there is a U-shaped dose-response relationship.

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目的

运用限制性立方样条模型，分析颈围与高血压之间的剂量-反应关系及其关联强度。

方法

数据来源于2023年的自贡市“呼吸健康筛查”数据，采用分层随机抽样方式，选取了35~75岁的自贡市居民进行问卷调查、身体测量及健康检查。研究应用了logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型，以探讨颈围与高血压之间的关联。

结果

最终纳入了4 142名年龄在35~75岁之间的研究对象，高血压的患病率为36.5%。调整混杂因素后，低颈围组与高血压患病关联的的OR值为1.20（95%CI：1.01～1.43），高颈围组与高血压患病关联的OR值为1.42（95%CI：1.17～1.72）。限制性立方样条分析结果显示，在总体人群及非中性型肥胖人群中，颈围与高血压患病之间呈现出U型的非线性剂量-反应关系（总体趋势P<0.001，非线性P<0.05）。而在中性型肥胖人群中，高血压患病与颈围之间则表现为线性的剂量-反应关系（总体趋势P<0.001，P非线性>0.05）。

结论

颈围与高血压患病密切相关且二者存在U型剂量- 反应关系。

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刘巧兰，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kdbIjatd3FKJM7wveixZlw==, magXml=LpPq/DiGL+rzJlWP/gCclA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kfaPya2gj2rETH3wPtwN7A==, pdfFileSize=987130, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WmFWkrqEPr4Fr5wsC88brg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wKQKMozVSQT5dMMf826foA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

袁梓皓（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：健康相关行为

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袁梓皓（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：健康相关行为

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袁梓皓（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：健康相关行为

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Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2024, 14(7): 710., articleTitle=Neck circumference Cut-Off points for identifying adiposity: association with chronic metabolic diseases in older People, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057511525110005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, awardId=ZGYKY23JB001, language=CN, fundingSource=自贡市重点科技计划(ZGYKY23JB001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057504638063389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504646451996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, companyId=1241057504638063389, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504654840605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, companyId=1241057504638063389, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057504751309605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504759698215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, companyId=1241057504751309605, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.自贡市第一人民医院公共卫生科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057504868750127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504877138736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, companyId=1241057504868750127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自贡市第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057509910302884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Directed acyclic graph of the relationship between neck circumference and hypertension, figureFileSmall=+DgNY0lJfh7ya/jZxZIgSA==, figureFileBig=U6VuA6YvFHKYLjs8llS62w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510065492140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=CN, label=图1, caption=颈围与高血压关系的有向无环图, figureFileSmall=+DgNY0lJfh7ya/jZxZIgSA==, figureFileBig=U6VuA6YvFHKYLjs8llS62w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510216487096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Dose-Response relationship between neck circumference and prevalence of hypertension, figureFileSmall=NpNtr0q7KwRQ5k2Wsovtmw==, figureFileBig=htAT3Dp9uQCNhABHTvFR6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510422008001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=CN, label=图2, caption=颈围与高血压患病情况的剂量-反应关系图, figureFileSmall=NpNtr0q7KwRQ5k2Wsovtmw==, figureFileBig=htAT3Dp9uQCNhABHTvFR6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510531059912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Stratified dose-response relationships between neck circumference and prevalence of hypertension, figureFileSmall=GQJfRY+ryOc25EwQJrVYeA==, figureFileBig=E6xGJ+rO4u/H7bqjIHEDyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510682054859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=CN, label=图3, caption=颈围与高血压患病情况的分层剂量-反应关系图

注：图A代表的是非中性型肥胖人群颈围与高血压的剂量-反应关系；图B代表的是中性型肥胖人群颈围与高血压的剂量-反应关系。

, figureFileSmall=GQJfRY+ryOc25EwQJrVYeA==, figureFileBig=E6xGJ+rO4u/H7bqjIHEDyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510833049812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of the study population ［, n(%)］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高血压患病情况全部
（n=4 142）		统计量P值
否（2 631）是（1 511）
性别47.36<0.001
男1 112（42.3）806（53.3）1 918（46.3）
女1 519（57.7）705（46.7）2 224（53.7）
年龄197.29<0.001
≤44592（22.5)147（9.7）739（17.8）
45～591 474（56.0）775（51.3）2 249（54.3）
≥60565（21.5）589（39.0）1 154（27.9）
婚姻9.240.026
已婚2 571（97.7）1 461（96.7）4 032（97.3）
未婚12（0.5）9（0.5）21（0.5）
离异30（1.1）16（1.1）46（1.1）
丧偶18（0.7）25（1.7）43（1.0）
文化程度25.68<0.001
小学及以下413（15.7）276（18.3）689（16.6）
初中1 062（40.4）686（45.4）1 748（42.2）
高中/中专622（23.6）319（21.1）941（22.7）
大学/大专及以上534（20.3）230（15.2）764（18.4）
职业59.49<0.001
粉尘/有害气体暴露职业85（3.2）26（1.7）111（2.7）
公交、出租车司机282（10.7）134（8.9）416（10.0）
家务（全职家庭）146（5.5）51（3.4）197（4.8）
农、林、牧、渔生产及辅助人员154（5.9）154（10.2）308（7.4）
商业/销售/服务人员121（4.6）52（3.4）173（4.2）
私营业主266（10.1）139（9.2）405（9.8）
行政工作人员217（8.2）101（6.7）318（7.7）
一般工人661（25.1）394（26.1）1055（25.5）
专业技术人员154（5.9）87（5.8）241（5.8）
其他84（3.2）55（3.6）139（3.4）
无职业461（17.5）318（21.0）779（18.8）
收入（万元）40.19<0.001
0～3623（23.7）490（32.4）1 120（26.9）
4～5995（37.8）536（35.5）1 531（37.0）
6～10951（36.1）460（30.4）1 411（34.1）
≥1162（2.4）25（1.7）87（2.1）
吸烟史（包年）5.380.068
0～141 887（71.7）1 040（68.8）2 927（70.7）
15～30426（16.2）253（16.7）679（16.4）
≥31318（12.1）218（14.4）536（12.9）
高血压家族史19.70<0.001
否1 950（74.1）1 039（68.8）2 989（72.2）
是681（25.9）472（31.2）1 153（27.8）
限盐0.0250.810
否190（6.7）89（6.9）279（6.7）
是2 664（93.3）1 199（93.1）3 863（93.3）
饮酒情况33.85<0.001
否2 455（86.0）1 014（78.7）3 469（83.8）
是399（14.0）272（21.1）671（16.2）
二手烟暴露110.55<0.001
否1 194（45.4）942（62.3）2 136（51.6）
是1 437（54.6）569（37.7）2 006（48.4）
体力活动30.31<0.001
良好493（18.7）357（23.6）850（20.5）
一般208（7.9）65（4.3）273（6.6）
较差1 930（73.4）1 089（72.1）3 019（72.9）
颈围（cm）34.22±2.9635.19±3.3434.57±3.14-9.69<0.001
BMI（kg/m2）23.36±3.3624.73±3.3723.86±3.43-12.55<0.001
WC（cm）83.76±9.8589.95±9.7086.05±10.26-19.66<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511005016285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本特征［，n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高血压患病情况全部
（n=4 142）		统计量P值
否（2 631）是（1 511）
性别47.36<0.001
男1 112（42.3）806（53.3）1 918（46.3）
女1 519（57.7）705（46.7）2 224（53.7）
年龄197.29<0.001
≤44592（22.5)147（9.7）739（17.8）
45～591 474（56.0）775（51.3）2 249（54.3）
≥60565（21.5）589（39.0）1 154（27.9）
婚姻9.240.026
已婚2 571（97.7）1 461（96.7）4 032（97.3）
未婚12（0.5）9（0.5）21（0.5）
离异30（1.1）16（1.1）46（1.1）
丧偶18（0.7）25（1.7）43（1.0）
文化程度25.68<0.001
小学及以下413（15.7）276（18.3）689（16.6）
初中1 062（40.4）686（45.4）1 748（42.2）
高中/中专622（23.6）319（21.1）941（22.7）
大学/大专及以上534（20.3）230（15.2）764（18.4）
职业59.49<0.001
粉尘/有害气体暴露职业85（3.2）26（1.7）111（2.7）
公交、出租车司机282（10.7）134（8.9）416（10.0）
家务（全职家庭）146（5.5）51（3.4）197（4.8）
农、林、牧、渔生产及辅助人员154（5.9）154（10.2）308（7.4）
商业/销售/服务人员121（4.6）52（3.4）173（4.2）
私营业主266（10.1）139（9.2）405（9.8）
行政工作人员217（8.2）101（6.7）318（7.7）
一般工人661（25.1）394（26.1）1055（25.5）
专业技术人员154（5.9）87（5.8）241（5.8）
其他84（3.2）55（3.6）139（3.4）
无职业461（17.5）318（21.0）779（18.8）
收入（万元）40.19<0.001
0～3623（23.7）490（32.4）1 120（26.9）
4～5995（37.8）536（35.5）1 531（37.0）
6～10951（36.1）460（30.4）1 411（34.1）
≥1162（2.4）25（1.7）87（2.1）
吸烟史（包年）5.380.068
0～141 887（71.7）1 040（68.8）2 927（70.7）
15～30426（16.2）253（16.7）679（16.4）
≥31318（12.1）218（14.4）536（12.9）
高血压家族史19.70<0.001
否1 950（74.1）1 039（68.8）2 989（72.2）
是681（25.9）472（31.2）1 153（27.8）
限盐0.0250.810
否190（6.7）89（6.9）279（6.7）
是2 664（93.3）1 199（93.1）3 863（93.3）
饮酒情况33.85<0.001
否2 455（86.0）1 014（78.7）3 469（83.8）
是399（14.0）272（21.1）671（16.2）
二手烟暴露110.55<0.001
否1 194（45.4）942（62.3）2 136（51.6）
是1 437（54.6）569（37.7）2 006（48.4）
体力活动30.31<0.001
良好493（18.7）357（23.6）850（20.5）
一般208（7.9）65（4.3）273（6.6）
较差1 930（73.4）1 089（72.1）3 019（72.9）
颈围（cm）34.22±2.9635.19±3.3434.57±3.14-9.69<0.001
BMI（kg/m2）23.36±3.3624.73±3.3723.86±3.43-12.55<0.001
WC（cm）83.76±9.8589.95±9.7086.05±10.26-19.66<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511168594148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of neck circumference and hypertension［OR(95%CI)］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型颈围分类
（cm）		OR（95%CI）P值
模型一小0.98（0.84～1.14）0.773
中1
大2.11（1.79～2.47）<0.001
模型二小1.06（0.90～1.24）0.495
中1
大2.07（1.73～2.48）<0.001
模型三小1.20（1.01～1.43）0.041
中1
大1.42（1.17～1.72）<0.001
中性型肥胖小0.98（0.76～1.28）0.904
中
大1.32（1.02～1.70）0.036
非中性型肥胖小1.40（1.09～1.79）0.009
中
大1.57（1.15～2.14）0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511248285928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036251411837357, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

颈围与高血压的logistic回归分析［OR（95%CI）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型颈围分类
（cm）		OR（95%CI）P值
模型一小0.98（0.84～1.14）0.773
中1
大2.11（1.79～2.47）<0.001
模型二小1.06（0.90～1.24）0.495
中1
大2.07（1.73～2.48）<0.001
模型三小1.20（1.01～1.43）0.041
中1
大1.42（1.17～1.72）<0.001
中性型肥胖小0.98（0.76～1.28）0.904
中
大1.32（1.02～1.70）0.036
非中性型肥胖小1.40（1.09～1.79）0.009
中
大1.57（1.15～2.14）0.005
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颈围与高血压关联强度的剂量－反应关系研究
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袁梓皓 1 , 蒲洋洋 2 , 邓治平 3 , 杨莹 3 , 喻斓 1 , 刘琪娇 1 , 陈志伟 1 , 尚睿哲 1 , 杨舒羽 1 , 刘巧兰 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(16): 3047-3053
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(16): 3047-3053
颈围与高血压关联强度的剂量－反应关系研究
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袁梓皓1, 蒲洋洋2, 邓治平3, 杨莹3, 喻斓1, 刘琪娇1, 陈志伟1, 尚睿哲1, 杨舒羽1, 刘巧兰1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041
  • 2.自贡市第一人民医院公共卫生科
  • 3.自贡市第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科

    • 袁梓皓（1999—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：健康相关行为

通讯作者:

刘巧兰，E-mail：
A study of the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and the strength of the hypertension risk
Zi-hao YUAN1, Yang-yang PU2, Zhi-ping DENG3, Ying YANG3, lan YU1, Qi-jiao LIU1, Zhi-wei CHEN1, Rui-zhe SHANG1, Shu-yu YANG1, Qiao-lan LIU1
Affiliations
  • Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412557
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摘要
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目的

运用限制性立方样条模型，分析颈围与高血压之间的剂量-反应关系及其关联强度。

方法

数据来源于2023年的自贡市“呼吸健康筛查”数据，采用分层随机抽样方式，选取了35~75岁的自贡市居民进行问卷调查、身体测量及健康检查。研究应用了logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型，以探讨颈围与高血压之间的关联。

结果

最终纳入了4 142名年龄在35~75岁之间的研究对象，高血压的患病率为36.5%。调整混杂因素后，低颈围组与高血压患病关联的的OR值为1.20（95%CI：1.01～1.43），高颈围组与高血压患病关联的OR值为1.42（95%CI：1.17～1.72）。限制性立方样条分析结果显示，在总体人群及非中性型肥胖人群中，颈围与高血压患病之间呈现出U型的非线性剂量-反应关系（总体趋势P<0.001，非线性P<0.05）。而在中性型肥胖人群中，高血压患病与颈围之间则表现为线性的剂量-反应关系（总体趋势P<0.001，P非线性>0.05）。

结论

颈围与高血压患病密切相关且二者存在U型剂量- 反应关系。

颈围  /  高血压  /  剂量-反应关系
Objective

To investigate the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and hypertension using restricted cubic spline modeling.

Methods

The data for this study were sourced from the 2023 Zigong Respiratory Health Screening Program. A stratified random sample of Zigong residents aged 35 to 75 years was selected to participate in questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and health examinations. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and hypertension.

Results

A total of 4 142 participants aged 35-75 years were enrolled, with a hypertension prevalenceof 36.5%. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (OR) associated with hypertension prevalencewas 1.20(95%CI: 1.01-1.43) for the low neck circumference group and 1.42(95%CI: 1.17-1.72) for the high neck circumference group. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship between neck circumference and prevalence of hypertension in the overall population and in the noncentrally obese population(P<0.001 for overall trend and P<0.05 for nonlinearity). In contrast, in the centrally obese population, a linear dose-response relationship was demonstrated between prevalence of hypertension and neck circumference(overall trend P<0.001, nonlinear P>0.05).

Conclusion

Neck circumference is strongly associated with hypertension and there is a U-shaped dose-response relationship.

Neck circumference  /  Hypertension  /  Dose-response relationship
袁梓皓, 蒲洋洋, 邓治平, 杨莹, 喻斓, 刘琪娇, 陈志伟, 尚睿哲, 杨舒羽, 刘巧兰. 颈围与高血压关联强度的剂量－反应关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3047 -3053 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412557
Zi-hao YUAN, Yang-yang PU, Zhi-ping DENG, Ying YANG, lan YU, Qi-jiao LIU, Zhi-wei CHEN, Rui-zhe SHANG, Shu-yu YANG, Qiao-lan LIU. A study of the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and the strength of the hypertension risk[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 3047 -3053 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412557
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高血压是全球范围内重要的慢性非传染性疾病之一，也是许多心血管病的主要危险因素[1]。根据世界卫生组织的数据显示，2019年全球成年人高血压的年龄标准化患病率为男性34%，女性为32%[2]。在中国，由于多种因素，成人高血压的发病率已呈现逐年上升趋势，从1991年的13.6%增长至2002年的18.8%，并在2022年达到31.6%[3]。肥胖是导致高血压的重要因素之一，但这种因素是可以预防和控制的[4]。近些年来，中国城乡各年龄组居民的超重与肥胖率不断攀升，超过一半的成年人面临超重或肥胖问题[5]。准确识别肥胖对高血压的防控至关重要。肥胖通常通过身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）等指标进行评估，许多研究已探讨了这些指标与高血压的关系[6-8]。此外，颈围作为上半身皮下脂肪的衡量标准，近来也逐渐引起学术界的关注。研究表明，颈围与心血管代谢疾病存在独立的相关性，且这一现象在不同种族群体中均有所体现[9-11]。然而，现有研究中，仅有少数文献涉及颈围与高血压之间的关系[12-14]。
在国内有关颈围与高血压关系的研究较少。本研究旨在分析自贡市成年居民中颈围与高血压之间的剂量-反应关系，以期为高血压的早期预防和控制提供新的见解。
1　资料和方法
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1.1　资料来源
本研究数据来自于自贡市第一人民医院组织的“呼吸健康万人筛查”公益项目。项目自2023年8月30日开始，采用分层整群抽样方法，在自贡市下属容县、贡井区、自流井区、沿滩区、大安区、富顺县6个行政区中社区以及重点人群（环卫工、司机等）整群抽样。重点人群通过医院与相关单位（公交集团等）进行协作，该单位工作人员作为整群纳入研究。筛查流程为先在社区35~75周岁人群中通过呼吸筛查问卷进行初筛（问卷得分≥16分为高风险人群），然后针对高风险人群再进行精细化体检。本研究的对象来自社区初筛人群，收集了包括社会人口学信息、行为与生活方式、体格检查等在内的综合数据。
1.2　研究对象
入选标准为：1）自贡市常住人口，亦或外地居民在自贡市居住时间1年以上；（2）年龄在35至75岁之间，具备完善的社会人口学资料及体格检查等数据；（3）自愿参与健康体检；（4）无精神疾病，语言表达及理解力均无异常。最终纳入了4 142名研究对象。本研究由四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审查通过（伦理号：Gwll2025031）。
1.3　调查方法
1.3.1　问卷调查
在调查前，对调查人员进行了系统培训，通过微信“万人筛”小程序收集研究对象的呼吸健康相关信息以及基本个人信息，包括性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟历史及二手烟暴露等指标。同时，鉴于小程序未能调查参与者体力活动、饮食情况、其他疾病（如是否患有高血压、糖尿病等疾病及当前的药物治疗情况）以及家族史，所以利用问卷星平台补充调查获取上述信息。
1.3.2　体格检查
使用标准仪器、标准检测方法测量身高、体重、颈围、腰围（WC）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）等指标。颈围的测量在甲状软骨下方并垂直于颈部长轴测量，记录最小周长，记录精确到0.1厘米[15]
1.4　质量控制
自贡市第一人民医院作为承办单位针对现场临床检查、实验室检查、诊疗与管理等多个环节进行质控。自贡市疾病预防控制中心作为协办单位针对该项目的问卷调查、人群招募等环节进行督导和考核。每个单位确定一名质控员，全程负责项目的质控工作。对于采集到的数据，由工程师定期进行数据筛查和清理，并根据情况及时向现场负责人提出改进意见，保证数据收集的真实性和可靠性。
1.5　指标定义
本研究高血压的纳入标准为：收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg[16] 或既往已经诊断为高血压；BMI指数：体重（kg）除以身高的二次方（m2）；中性型肥胖的定义标准为：成年男性WC≥ 90 cm，成年女性 WC≥85 cm[17]；限盐饮食通过问卷调查获得参与者每日用盐量再根据膳食指南成人每日食盐推荐摄入量不宜超过5 g获得[18]；饮酒通过饮食调查询问每天饮酒量获得；二手烟暴露通过问卷询问家人及同事是否吸烟以及吸烟频率获得；体力活动通过问卷调查获得参与者体力活动情况，根据体力活动汇编计算其能量消耗并根据百分位数分类获得[19]。
1.6　统计分析
研究的统计分析使用SPSS 21.0和R 4.4.2软件进行。对于符合正态分布的连续变量，采用均值±标准差（）表示；而对于不符合正态分布的连续变量，则以中位数及四分位数间距［M（P25，P75）］呈现。不同组别之间的比较使用独立样本t检验或秩和检验。计数资料则通过比例和构成比进行描述，组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确概率法。为了筛选混杂变量，采用有向无环图（DAG）方法。根据颈围的三分位数将研究对象分为大、中、小三组，中间组作为参考组，进行logistic回归分析。进一步，利用限制性立方样条模型探讨颈围与高血压患病（比值比OR）之间的剂量-反应关系。本研究加权患病率首先根据国家统计局发布的自贡市各分区常住人口数Ni确定理论抽样比例，再结合实际抽样调查获得的各分区样本量ni计算校正权重wi，通过将各分区的观察病例数di与其对应权重相乘并累加，最终得到。所有统计检验的检验水准设定为α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象基本特征
本研究中符合条件的参与者总共有4 142人（其中男性1 918人，占46.3%，女性2 224人，占53.7%），高血压患病率为36.5%，女性患病率为31.7%，男性患病率为42.0%。根据自贡市人口分布计算的高血压加权患病率为36.9%，女性高血压加权患病率为34.4%，男性高血压加权患病率为40%。高血压患者与非患者的性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、收入、高血压家族史、饮酒情况、二手烟暴露、体力活动、颈围、WC、BMI进行比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001），见表1。
2.2　颈围与高血压关系的logistic回归分析
通过DAG图筛选混杂因素后，以高血压（是=1，否=0）为因变量，颈围为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析，结果显示：在调整了BMI、WC、体力活动、吸烟史、婚姻状况、家庭收入、年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、限盐饮食、饮酒状况和高血压家族史后，与颈围中间组相比，低颈围组（OR=1.20，95%CI：1.01～1.43）和高颈围组（OR=1.42，95%CI：1.17～1.72）均与高血压的患病有关。见图1和表2。
2.3　颈围与高血压的剂量-反应关系
在调整了相关混杂因素后，颈围与高血压之间呈现出非线性的剂量-反应关系（P总趋势<0.001， P非线性<0.05），图形呈现U型，图形最低点也即高血压可能患病最低点在颈围35 cm。结果见图2。
按是否是中性型肥胖分层后，在非中性型肥胖人群中，颈围与高血压患病情况之间呈现出非线性的剂量-反应关系（总体趋势P<0.001，非线性P<0.05），图形最低点在颈围34 cm；中性型肥胖人群中颈围与高血压存在线性剂量-反应关系（P总趋势<0.001， P非线性=0.434），结果见图3。
3　讨论
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本研究结果提示，自贡市35～75岁及以上人群高血压患病率为36.5%，其中男性患病率为42.0%，女性患病率为31.7%。高血压加权患病率为36.9%，男性高血压加权患病率为40%，女性高血压加权患病率为34.4%。高于自贡市最近一次2017年调查的24.0%[20]，也高于2020—2022年中国居民心血管病及其危险因素监测报告的31.6%[3]（男性36.8%，女性26.3%）。本研究高血压粗患病率高，除了自贡市居民高血压患病率有上升趋势的原因，还可能以下原因，其一，没有纳入18～34岁年轻人；其二，纳入了现场测量血压超过标准值但没有经过县级以上医疗单位确诊的研究对象。有待后续进一步研究。
本研究结果提示颈围过大和过小都与高血压存在相关。进一步采用限制性立方样条模型分析，结果表明颈围与高血压患病之间呈现“U”型分布，即颈围过大和过小都与高血压患病相关。与既往研究相同的是，Ren等[13]的研究表明BMI和颈围均较大的个体，患高血压的可能较高，并且提示同时使用这两种工具可以进一步提高疾病预测的准确性。He等[21]在颈围和血压关系研究中发现颈围大能有效识别中国成年人的血压升高。Framinghan有关心血管的一项研究也提示，颈围与血压、血糖、血脂及胰岛素均相关[22]。目前关于高血压的病因十分复杂，尽管颈围和高血压关系的潜在机制尚未完全阐明，已有的研究提供了几种可能原因：（1）颈围是上半身皮下脂肪分布的指标，其释放的游离脂肪酸到血液中会触发氧化应激标记物的产生，导致血管内皮损伤和高血压[23-24]。（2）颈部血管周围脂肪组织通过脂肪细胞衍生的血管活性因子和活性氧影响血管张力，最后导致血压升高，这一过程在高血压、肥胖和糖尿病中会被放大[25]。与上述研究不同的是，本研究提示较小的颈围与高血压同样存在相关。进一步按是否中性型肥胖分层后进行分析，提示在非中性型肥胖人群中，较小的颈围与高血压存在关联而中性型肥胖人群中则不然，提示用传统的WC、BMI为代表的肥胖相关指标来预测高血压发病还有不足之处。尽管本研究尚不能阐明颈围与高血压的内在复杂机制，本研究这一发现为后续研究以及高血压防控提供了新的思路。
作为一种简单易行的人体测量方法，颈围可用作常规筛查高血压和其他心脏代谢疾病的指标之一[26-27]。与BMI和腰围等其他身体质量指数相比，颈围的测量更为准确。WC的测量可能存在耗时间或其他环境问题。例如，在冬季，穿着的衣服较厚或受用餐的影响，WC数据存在波动，而BMI可能比颈围更容易因饮食或运动因素而波动。与上述指标相比，颈围可能是一种更易于测量且可靠的筛查工具，甚至可能是代谢风险的更好标志。所以，基层筛查可考虑将颈围和WC、BMI联合使用，最大限度提高筛查精准度，精确发现高血压风险人群，以便早期进行干预和治疗。
本研究采用限制性立方样条模型，将颈围作为连续变量与高血压关联，以展示二者之间的剂量-反应关系，更加直观地表现了关联强度的变化轨迹，补充了传统逻辑回归模型的分析结果。然而，本研究存在一些局限。首先，由于采用了横断面研究设计，无法确定颈围与高血压之间的因果关系。其次，尽管我们在分析中仔细调整了可能的混杂因素，但有关饮食摄入量、生活方式和代谢相关生化指标等信息仍不完整。因此，今后应采用前瞻性队列研究来进一步验证颈围连续变化与高血压患病的关系。尽管如此，我们的数据来源代表性良好，可以为初级保健机构在筛查高血压时提供有价值的参考。
综上所述，颈围与高血压的患病密切相关，呈现出U型的剂量-反应关系。颈围因此可以作为评估成年人高血压患病可能的有效筛查指标。
基金
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  • 自贡市重点科技计划(ZGYKY23JB001)
文献
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412557
  • 接收时间：2024-12-31
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-31
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自贡市重点科技计划(ZGYKY23JB001)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041
    2.自贡市第一人民医院公共卫生科
    3.自贡市第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科

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刘巧兰，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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