Article(id=1241036250723971476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737216000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815699511, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815699511, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815699511, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815699511, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2980, endPage=2985, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036252145840583, articleId=1241036250723971476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Quantitative evaluation of China’s Hepatitis B prevention and control policy based on PMC Index Model, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze and quantify the evaluation of China’s hepatitis B prevention and control policies, providing a reference for the formulation and improvement of subsequent related policies.

Methods

Taking the hepatitis B prevention and control policies issued at the national level as the research object, with policy documents retrieved from official sources such as the PKULaw Database, the Chinese Government Website, and the National Health Commission, and a retrieval deadline up to December 1, 2024, text mining was conducted on the policy documents, while a PMC index model was constructed to quantitatively evaluate representative policies.

Results

The average PMC score of 9 policies was 6.79, which was generally good,of which 1 was excellent, 6 were good, and 2 were qualified, the 9 policies were in the first-level variables X1 policy nature (0.89 points), X5 policy timeliness (0.89 points), The X7 policy receptor (0.89 points) scored high, and the X3 policy structure (0.58 points) and X6 policy domains (0.51 points) scored lower.

Conclusion

The overall quality of hepatitis B prevention and treatment policies in China is relatively high, but it needs to be further improved in terms of policy structure, policy areas, policy quantity, and issuing agencies.

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目的

分析和量化评价我国乙肝防治政策,为后续相关政策的制定和完善提供参考。

方法

以国家层面出台的乙肝防治政策为研究对象,从北大法宝数据库、中国政府网、国家卫生健康委员会等官方网站检索政策文本,检索时间截止至2024年12月1日。对政策文本进行文本挖掘,同时构建PMC指数模型对代表性政策进行量化评价。

结果

9项政策的PMC得分均值为6.79,总体良好,其中1项表现优秀,6项表现良好,2项及格;9项政策在一级变量X1政策性质(0.89分)、X5政策时效(0.89分)、X7政策受体(0.89分)上得分较高,在X3政策结构(0.58分)、X6政策领域(0.51分)得分较低。

结论

我国乙肝防治政策的整体质量较高,但在政策结构、政策领域、政策数量、发布机构等方面有待进一步完善。

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覃清华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ODmISO7qLrln6KmP7m2ARg==, magXml=0VAhqw+3Q9IJN/AnpSbMVA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=32Gt12luBsN1lUwf1bxHug==, pdfFileSize=919529, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=tVJQv4G1O95z+8TkJnxBsQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yfupZlItgST9E5wkVENY9Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张梦倩(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理

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张梦倩(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理

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张梦倩(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Quantitative evaluation of Chinese central government’s family doctor contract service policy based on PMC index model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057518215033144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=196, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=31, authorNames=钟辰阳, 赖钰桦, 黄葭燕, journalName=中国卫生事业管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟辰阳,赖钰桦,黄葭燕,等.中美高校全球卫生人才培养的对比与启示[J].中国卫生事业管理2025,42(2):196-200., articleTitle=中美高校全球卫生人才培养的对比与启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057518294724925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=196, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhong CY, Lai YH, Huang JY, journalName=Chinese Health Service Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong CY, Lai YH, Huang JY, et al.Comparison and Enlightenment from global health talents cultivations between Chinese and USA[J]. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison and Enlightenment from global health talents cultivations between Chinese and USA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057518370222399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=644, pageEnd=649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=李志杰, 李伟, 卫平民, journalName=中国艾滋病性病, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李志杰,李伟,卫平民,等.基于政策一致性指数模型的我国艾滋病防治政策量化评价[J].中国艾滋病性病2023,29(6):644-649., articleTitle=基于政策一致性指数模型的我国艾滋病防治政策量化评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057518462497092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=644, pageEnd=649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Li ZJ, Li W, Wei PM, journalName=Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ZJ, Li W, Wei PM, et al. 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西医科大学第二附属医院科研部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057511000830973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Semantic network diagram of hepatitis B prevention and control policies, figureFileSmall=H2H67iEOOJYZ3RUBof2qzg==, figureFileBig=uaHVIFByyLFFkj2Ledu4+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511135047681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乙肝防治政策语义网络图, figureFileSmall=H2H67iEOOJYZ3RUBof2qzg==, figureFileBig=uaHVIFByyLFFkj2Ledu4+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511281848334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overall PMC index surface chart of hepatitis B prevention and control policies, figureFileSmall=YRX3a+XQ+IhTcP2GFGMJrw==, figureFileBig=JGTnoXED/wIKCql0i4P85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511428648982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乙肝防治政策整体的PMC指数曲面图, figureFileSmall=YRX3a+XQ+IhTcP2GFGMJrw==, figureFileBig=JGTnoXED/wIKCql0i4P85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511550283803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Radar chart ofhepatitis B prevention and control policies P3, P7, and average scores, figureFileSmall=YMU1LjZjLY/LNfQgfh5c+A==, figureFileBig=U2Dx7V4v9CoY+DHdjTYwyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511680307239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乙肝防治政策P3、P7、平均得分雷达图, figureFileSmall=YMU1LjZjLY/LNfQgfh5c+A==, figureFileBig=U2Dx7V4v9CoY+DHdjTYwyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057511797747759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Quantitative evaluation variable setting for hepatitis B prevention and control policies

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变量变量来源
X1 政策性质参考李侠等[11]文章修改
X1.1 建议
X1.2 引导
X1.3 描述
X1.4 监管
X2 政策内容根据乙肝防治政策文本有关内容确定
X2.1 乙肝检测
X2.2 乙肝监测
X2.3 乙肝预防
X2.4 乙肝治疗
X2.5 乙肝监督
X3 政策结构参考李侠等[11]文章修改
X3.1 依据充分
X3.2 目标明确
X3.3 方案科学
X3.4 规划翔实
X4 政策工具参考苏沁凝等[7]文章修改
X4.1 需求型
X4.2 供给型
X4.3 环境型
X5 政策时效参考张治国等[12]文章修改
X5.1 长期(>5年)
X5.2 中期(3~5年)
X5.3 短期(<3年)
X6 政策领域参考张治国等[12]文章修改
X6.1 政治
X6.2 经济
X6.3 技术
X6.4 医药
X6.5 人才
X7 政策受体根据乙肝防治政策涉及的对象及政策文本有关内容确定
X7.1 行政机关
X7.2 医院
X7.3 公共卫生机构
X7.4 重点人群
X8 发布机构参考杨赐然等[13]文章修改
X8.1 中共中央、国务院
X8.2 多个部委
X8.3 单一部委
X8.4 直属机构
X9 政策类型参考成全等[14]文章修改
X9.1 规划类
X9.2 方案类
X9.3 办法类
X9.4 意见类
X9.5 通知类
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511927771193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乙肝防治政策量化评价变量设置表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量来源
X1 政策性质参考李侠等[11]文章修改
X1.1 建议
X1.2 引导
X1.3 描述
X1.4 监管
X2 政策内容根据乙肝防治政策文本有关内容确定
X2.1 乙肝检测
X2.2 乙肝监测
X2.3 乙肝预防
X2.4 乙肝治疗
X2.5 乙肝监督
X3 政策结构参考李侠等[11]文章修改
X3.1 依据充分
X3.2 目标明确
X3.3 方案科学
X3.4 规划翔实
X4 政策工具参考苏沁凝等[7]文章修改
X4.1 需求型
X4.2 供给型
X4.3 环境型
X5 政策时效参考张治国等[12]文章修改
X5.1 长期(>5年)
X5.2 中期(3~5年)
X5.3 短期(<3年)
X6 政策领域参考张治国等[12]文章修改
X6.1 政治
X6.2 经济
X6.3 技术
X6.4 医药
X6.5 人才
X7 政策受体根据乙肝防治政策涉及的对象及政策文本有关内容确定
X7.1 行政机关
X7.2 医院
X7.3 公共卫生机构
X7.4 重点人群
X8 发布机构参考杨赐然等[13]文章修改
X8.1 中共中央、国务院
X8.2 多个部委
X8.3 单一部委
X8.4 直属机构
X9 政策类型参考成全等[14]文章修改
X9.1 规划类
X9.2 方案类
X9.3 办法类
X9.4 意见类
X9.5 通知类
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512041017406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary of representative hepatitis B prevention and control policies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号政策名称发文部门发文时间/年
P1《病毒性肝炎防治方案》卫生部1984
P2关于进一步加强当前肝炎防治工作的通知卫生部1993
P3关于加强沿海地区乙型肝炎防治工作的通知卫生部1998
P4《2006-2010年全国乙型病毒性肝炎防治规划》卫生部2006
P5《预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作实施方案》卫生部2011
P6关于全面开展预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作的通知国家卫生和计划生育委员会2015
P7《中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017—2020年)》卫生计生委、发展改革委、教育部2017
P8《预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作规范(2020年版)》国家卫生健康委员会2020
P9《消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播行动计划(2022—2025年)》国家卫生健康委员会2022
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512124903494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

代表性乙肝防治政策汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号政策名称发文部门发文时间/年
P1《病毒性肝炎防治方案》卫生部1984
P2关于进一步加强当前肝炎防治工作的通知卫生部1993
P3关于加强沿海地区乙型肝炎防治工作的通知卫生部1998
P4《2006-2010年全国乙型病毒性肝炎防治规划》卫生部2006
P5《预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作实施方案》卫生部2011
P6关于全面开展预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作的通知国家卫生和计划生育委员会2015
P7《中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017—2020年)》卫生计生委、发展改革委、教育部2017
P8《预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作规范(2020年版)》国家卫生健康委员会2020
P9《消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播行动计划(2022—2025年)》国家卫生健康委员会2022
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512192012364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

High-Frequency word list for hepatitis B prevention and control policies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号高频词词频序号高频词词频序号高频词词频
1乙肝27618治疗12135措施59
2传播19719防治10136提高59
3梅毒19020各级9537慢性58
4卫生19021病毒性肝炎8638免疫58
5艾滋病19022疫苗8539部门56
6感染18923保健8540技术55
7预防18524健康8141评估53
8检测17125病毒8042监测53
9母婴17126信息7843阳性53
10肝炎15927及时7844报告51
11孕产妇15728乙型肝炎7645全国49
12服务15529接种7146检查49
13儿童14030指导6747干预49
14医疗13631控制6548疾病48
15加强13232规范6449抗原47
16管理13233诊断6450使用45
17机构13134组织59
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512313647186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

乙肝防治政策高频词表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号高频词词频序号高频词词频序号高频词词频
1乙肝27618治疗12135措施59
2传播19719防治10136提高59
3梅毒19020各级9537慢性58
4卫生19021病毒性肝炎8638免疫58
5艾滋病19022疫苗8539部门56
6感染18923保健8540技术55
7预防18524健康8141评估53
8检测17125病毒8042监测53
9母婴17126信息7843阳性53
10肝炎15927及时7844报告51
11孕产妇15728乙型肝炎7645全国49
12服务15529接种7146检查49
13儿童14030指导6747干预49
14医疗13631控制6548疾病48
15加强13232规范6449抗原47
16管理13233诊断6450使用45
17机构13134组织59
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512405921882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multi-input output table of hepatitis B prevention and control policies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级条目二级条目P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9
政策性质建议111111111
引导111111111
描述100111111
监管010111111
政策内容乙肝检测110111111
乙肝监测111111111
乙肝预防111111111
乙肝治疗101111111
乙肝监督010111100
政策结构依据充分010111111
目标明确000101111
方案科学111111111
规划翔实000000000
政策工具需求型111111111
供给型010111111
环境型100111111
政策时效长期111011010
中期111111111
短期111111111
政策领域政治001110101
经济000000000
技术100111111
医药110111111
人才000100110
政策受体行政机关011111111
医院111111110
公共卫生机构111111111
重点人群100111111
发布机构中共中央、国务院000000000
多个部委0000000.800
单一部委0.60.60.60.60.60.600.60.6
直属机构000000000
政策类型规划类000100111
方案类0.80000.80000
办法类000000000
意见类000000000
通知类00.20.2000.2000
), ArticleFig(id=1241057512510779489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250723971476, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

乙肝防治相关政策多投入产出量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级条目二级条目P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9
政策性质建议111111111
引导111111111
描述100111111
监管010111111
政策内容乙肝检测110111111
乙肝监测111111111
乙肝预防111111111
乙肝治疗101111111
乙肝监督010111100
政策结构依据充分010111111
目标明确000101111
方案科学111111111
规划翔实000000000
政策工具需求型111111111
供给型010111111
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政策时效长期111011010
中期111111111
短期111111111
政策领域政治001110101
经济000000000
技术100111111
医药110111111
人才000100110
政策受体行政机关011111111
医院111111110
公共卫生机构111111111
重点人群100111111
发布机构中共中央、国务院000000000
多个部委0000000.800
单一部委0.60.60.60.60.60.600.60.6
直属机构000000000
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Hepatitis B prevention and control policy PMC index score table

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编号X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9PMC排名质量等级
P10.750.80.250.6710.40.750.60.86.027良好
P20.750.80.50.6710.20.750.60.25.478及格
P30.50.60.250.3310.20.750.60.24.439及格
P4110.7510.670.810.617.822良好
P5110.5110.610.60.87.54良好
P6110.75110.410.60.26.956良好
P7110.7510.670.810.818.021优秀
P810.80.75110.610.617.753良好
P910.80.7510.670.60.750.617.175良好
均值0.890.870.580.850.890.510.890.620.696.79-良好
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乙肝防治政策PMC指数得分表

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编号X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9PMC排名质量等级
P10.750.80.250.6710.40.750.60.86.027良好
P20.750.80.50.6710.20.750.60.25.478及格
P30.50.60.250.3310.20.750.60.24.439及格
P4110.7510.670.810.617.822良好
P5110.5110.610.60.87.54良好
P6110.75110.410.60.26.956良好
P7110.7510.670.810.818.021优秀
P810.80.75110.610.617.753良好
P910.80.7510.670.60.750.617.175良好
均值0.890.870.580.850.890.510.890.620.696.79-良好
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基于PMC指数模型的我国乙肝防治政策量化评价
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张梦倩 1 , 谢小花 2 , 韦俞伽 1 , 覃黄娜 3 , 李慧 2 , 覃清华 2 , 周小潇 4
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(16): 2980-2985
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(16): 2980-2985
基于PMC指数模型的我国乙肝防治政策量化评价
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张梦倩1, 谢小花2, 韦俞伽1, 覃黄娜3, 李慧2, 覃清华2 , 周小潇4
作者信息
  • 1.广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院,广西 南宁 530200
  • 2.广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院孕产保健科
  • 3.广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院产科门诊
  • 4.广西医科大学第二附属医院科研部
  • 张梦倩(2002—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

覃清华,E-mail:
Quantitative evaluation of China’s Hepatitis B prevention and control policy based on PMC Index Model
Meng-qian ZHANG1, Xiao-hua XIE2, Yu-jia WEI1, Huang-na QIN3, Hui LI2, Qing-hua QIN2 , Xiao-xiao ZHOU4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501322
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目的

分析和量化评价我国乙肝防治政策,为后续相关政策的制定和完善提供参考。

方法

以国家层面出台的乙肝防治政策为研究对象,从北大法宝数据库、中国政府网、国家卫生健康委员会等官方网站检索政策文本,检索时间截止至2024年12月1日。对政策文本进行文本挖掘,同时构建PMC指数模型对代表性政策进行量化评价。

结果

9项政策的PMC得分均值为6.79,总体良好,其中1项表现优秀,6项表现良好,2项及格;9项政策在一级变量X1政策性质(0.89分)、X5政策时效(0.89分)、X7政策受体(0.89分)上得分较高,在X3政策结构(0.58分)、X6政策领域(0.51分)得分较低。

结论

我国乙肝防治政策的整体质量较高,但在政策结构、政策领域、政策数量、发布机构等方面有待进一步完善。

乙肝防治  /  PMC指数模型  /  政策评价
Objective

To analyze and quantify the evaluation of China’s hepatitis B prevention and control policies, providing a reference for the formulation and improvement of subsequent related policies.

Methods

Taking the hepatitis B prevention and control policies issued at the national level as the research object, with policy documents retrieved from official sources such as the PKULaw Database, the Chinese Government Website, and the National Health Commission, and a retrieval deadline up to December 1, 2024, text mining was conducted on the policy documents, while a PMC index model was constructed to quantitatively evaluate representative policies.

Results

The average PMC score of 9 policies was 6.79, which was generally good,of which 1 was excellent, 6 were good, and 2 were qualified, the 9 policies were in the first-level variables X1 policy nature (0.89 points), X5 policy timeliness (0.89 points), The X7 policy receptor (0.89 points) scored high, and the X3 policy structure (0.58 points) and X6 policy domains (0.51 points) scored lower.

Conclusion

The overall quality of hepatitis B prevention and treatment policies in China is relatively high, but it needs to be further improved in terms of policy structure, policy areas, policy quantity, and issuing agencies.

Prevention and control of hepatitis B  /  PMC index model  /  Policy evaluation
张梦倩, 谢小花, 韦俞伽, 覃黄娜, 李慧, 覃清华, 周小潇. 基于PMC指数模型的我国乙肝防治政策量化评价. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2980 -2985 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501322
Meng-qian ZHANG, Xiao-hua XIE, Yu-jia WEI, Huang-na QIN, Hui LI, Qing-hua QIN, Xiao-xiao ZHOU. Quantitative evaluation of China’s Hepatitis B prevention and control policy based on PMC Index Model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2980 -2985 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501322
乙型病毒性肝炎(以下简称乙肝)目前广泛流行于世界各地,已成为一个全球性公共卫生问题[1]。据统计,全球约有2.5亿慢性乙肝感染者,乙肝是导致肝癌的主要原因[2]。据国家疾病预防控制局数据显示,2021年病毒性肝炎位列全国法定报告传染病疫情报告发病数第一位,其中乙型肝炎报告人数976 233人,报告发病率为69.24/10万,在病毒性肝炎中位列第一[3]。现阶段我国学者关于乙肝的研究主要为地区乙肝流行趋势[4]及影响因素分析[1],而关于乙肝的政策评价研究较少,且以定性分析为主[5]
政策一致性指数模型(Policy Modeling Consistency index model,PMC指数模型)是目前国际公认的政策评价工具[6],它可以直观、科学地展现政策的优势与不足,被广泛应用于医疗卫生领域的政策量化评估,包括医疗保险制度[6]、疾病预防[7]、药物管理[8]等领域,目前我国鲜有运用该量化评价工具深入分析乙肝防治政策的研究。因此,本研究基于PMC指数模型,对国家乙肝防治政策进行梳理,量化分析其优点与不足,据此进行局部与整体性的政策探讨,并提出相应改善措施,以期为完善乙肝防治政策提供参考。
包括:(1)北大法宝数据库;(2)中国政府网;(3)国家卫生健康委员会等官方网站。
包括:(1)国家层面发布;(2)公开可获取;(3)政策类型为规划、意见、通知等权威性高的政策[9];(4)政策主题与乙肝防治相关;(5)含有具体的防治措施。
包括:(1)地方部门发布;(2)非公开发布;(3)不能获取全文;(4)重复政策;(5)会议、新闻稿、政策解读等非规范性政策文件;(6)技术标准类文件,如:临床指南;(7)仅在全文中提到“乙肝”,但无实质性内容的政策[10]
以“乙肝”“乙型肝炎”“病毒性肝炎”“肝炎”等为关键词在以上平台检索,检索时间截止至2024年12月1日。
使用ROSTCM6软件对纳入研究的政策文本进行文本挖掘,剔除“以上”、“应当”等无专业意义词汇,获得高频词表和社会语义网络图。
PMC指数模型是一种基于政策文本内容定量评估单个政策的研究方法,它承认与研究对象相关的任何变量的作用[8]
根据PMC指数模型相关文献和乙肝防治政策内容制定一级变量和二级变量,一级变量为通用的政策评价指标;二级变量为一级变量的细分,根据乙肝防治政策文本内容确定。最终确定一级变量9个、二级变量 37个,见表1
采用二进制为X1~X7的二级变量赋予相应的权重,如果政策内容符合二级变量,则参数设置为1;否则,参数设置为0[6]
计算一级变量(X1~X7)的值,即二级变量的算术平均数,X8、X9直接赋值,将各一级变量值相加得到PMC 指数值[6]。根据PMC指数值将政策分为四个等级:0~3.99分为不及格;4~5.99分为及格;6~7.99分为良好;8~9分为优秀[15]
根据政策的各一级变量值,建立3×3的PMC曲面矩阵,绘制PMC曲面图[9]。PMC曲面图能将评价结果可视化,直观立体地展现每项政策的优势与不足。
为保证研究的全面性和准确性,本研究邀请了3名在医疗保健机构长期从事乙肝防治工作的专家开展政策文本筛选、变量选取及赋值工作。专家遴选的原则包括:(1)从事乙肝防治工作10年及以上;(2)本科及以上学历;(3)具有公共卫生或临床医学相关专业背景;(4)中级及以上职称。研究开展前召开专题培训会,明确纳入标准与排除标准以及PMC指数模型各变量的释义及赋值原则。研究全程由2名专家背对背完成政策筛选、变量赋值,当2名专家意见不同时,征询第3名专家建议[16]
初步检索共得到333条结果,依据纳入与排除标准进行筛选,在3人共同研读政策文本内容后,确定9篇政策为代表性政策,见表2
词频分析得到的50个高频词见表3;社会语义网络图见图1。所得结果说明,“乙肝”和“传播”是乙肝防治政策中的两个核心关键词,“梅毒”、“卫生”、“艾滋病”、“感染”、“预防”、“检测”、“母婴”等词汇与这上述核心关键词联系密切。
按照上述我国乙肝防治政策的变量设置,最终多投入产出量表及赋值,见表4
9项政策得分及等级见表5
入选9项政策中优秀1项,良好6项,及格2项。其中得分最高为P7,8.02分;最低为P3,4.43分。9项政策平均得分6.79分,政策排名为P7>P4>P8>P5>P9>P6>P1>P2>P3。
P7是纳入研究中得分最高的政策,也是9项政策中唯一由多个部委联合发文的政策。该政策内容丰富、覆盖面广,含有乙肝疫苗预防接种、医疗器械消毒处理、严厉打击卖血行为、定期监测母婴阻断效果等重要防治措施;在政策工具方面,重视新生儿乙肝疫苗接种工作、探索成人病毒性肝炎疫苗接种策略、严格医源性感染管理制度、扩大乙肝检测人群覆盖面、保障乙肝药品供给;在政策对象上涵盖全面,行政机关、医院、公共卫生机构、重点人群等均有涉及。
P3是所有纳入政策中得分最低的政策,为4.43分。其中政策结构(X3)、政策领域(X6)、政策类型(X9)得分偏低,分别为0.25、0.20、0.20。该政策为通知类政策,提倡加强沿海地区乙肝防治工作,但政策内容偏少,仅倡导加强预防接种、献血工作管理、医源性感染防范;在政策工具运用方面,无供给型、环境型政策工具的使用,未涉及人、财、物、技术等资源支持,且缺少政策依据和政策目标。
X1(政策性质)、X5(政策时效)、X7(政策受体)得分最高,政策文本基本涉及了建议、引导、描述、监管等内容;政策制定大多涵盖了短期、中期、长期规划;政策对象基本包括行政机关、医院、公共卫生机构、重点人群。X6(政策领域)得分最低,政策文本大多只涉及医药、技术、政治领域,对人才队伍建设、医疗保障领域涉及较少。
图2所示,政策性质(X1)、政策内容(X2)、政策工具(X4)、政策时效(X5)、政策受体(X7)较为凸出,相对优秀;政策结构(X3)、政策领域(X6)凹陷较深,质量相对较差,其余指标较为平稳。
图3所示,政策P7的一级变量的得分相对均衡,变化较小;政策P3的一级变量得分变化幅度较大,雷达图近似为“漏斗型”。
本研究基于PMC指数模型评价了国家层面出台的乙肝防治政策。结果显示,我国乙肝防治政策总体质量良好,但政策领域覆盖面不足、各部委间合作较少、政策规划欠详实是主要存在的问题,可以从以下方面予以完善。
政治领域,可发布乙肝专项防治法,将乙肝防治提升至制度层面。经济领域,对乙肝高流行地区实施检测补助,提高医务人员随访补贴;针对经济困难群体出台差异化医保报销政策,上调乙肝抗病毒药物医保报销比例。技术领域,依托人工智能构建数字化防治平台,整合感染者的电子健康档案与抗病毒治疗点数据,实现服药依从性监测及失访预警。医药领域,重视对乙肝疫苗低/无应答人群的研究,优化儿童免疫方案及消除乙肝母婴传播的免疫策略[1]。人才领域,加强跨学科(社会学、经济学、管理学、法学等)建设,培养具有全球视野的乙肝防治复合型公共卫生人才[17]
人社部应立法明确对用人单位乙肝歧视的处罚,消除制度性歧视,保障感染者就业权益。国家医保局可通过药品集采降低抗病毒药物价格,并扩充医保目录覆盖范围,减轻感染者治疗负担。国家中医药管理局应鼓励研发乙肝中医及中西医结合治疗方案。鼓励民政部门、社会组织参与乙肝防治,通过购买服务或项目资助等方式,委托优质社会组织承担宣传教育、干预救助等工作。1980年至今,我国出台艾滋病防治政策200余项[18],而乙肝同为乙类传染病且感染基数庞大,在政策支持和资源投入上仍显不足,亟待加强。
20世纪80年代,针对沿海地区乙肝疫情高发,出台沿海地区乙肝防治工作方案。20世纪90年代,为应对非法卖血滋长乙肝传播,出台一系列政策打击非法卖血,重视血液制品管理。21世纪初,将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免费免疫规划,确立为主要防治乙肝手段。2010年,将乙肝纳入预防母婴传播项目,防治重心转向感染孕产妇及所生儿童。从发文内容可以发现,预防母婴传播是当前乙肝防治工作重点,需要充分发挥三级妇幼保健网作用,强化妇幼保健院、疾控中心与医疗机构协作,严格执行母婴阻断策略(如:首诊责任制、免疫接种、感染孕产妇及所生儿童随访检测等),消除乙肝母婴传播。
  • 广西中医药适宜技术开发与推广项目(GZSY2025063)
  • 广西乙肝预防健康教育与健康促进横向项目(QT022019)
  • 广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹课题(Z—A20230374)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501322
  • 接收时间:2025-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19
基金
广西中医药适宜技术开发与推广项目(GZSY2025063)
广西乙肝预防健康教育与健康促进横向项目(QT022019)
广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹课题(Z—A20230374)
作者信息
    1.广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院,广西 南宁 530200
    2.广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院孕产保健科
    3.广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院产科门诊
    4.广西医科大学第二附属医院科研部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
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Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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