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Objective

To describe and analyze the willingness of married women of childbearing age in Guangxi to have children again and the factors affecting them, to understand the reproductive supporting policies expected by women of childbearing age, and to provide a reference basis for the government to optimize the reproductive policy and improve the supporting measures.

Methods

Based on the data from the Seventh National Health Service Survey of Guangxi in 2023, women aged 20-49 years old who were married with one or two children were taken as the study subjects, and their willingness to have another child and their influencing factors were analyzed by multifactorial logistic regression.

Results

Of the 934 married women of childbearing age who had children, 12.10% had the desire to have another child. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the married fertile women aged 30-34 years(OR=0.241, 95%CI: 0.111-0.520), 35-39 years(OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.075-0.350), 40-44 years(OR=0.066, 95%CI: 0.029-0.151), 45-49 years(OR=0.027, 95%CI: 0.011-0.070) and married women of childbearing age who already had two children(OR=0.094, 95%CI: 0.057-0.156) had a lower intention to have another child. The top reason for no longer wanting to have children was financial burden (73.91%). In the survey on complementary policies to address the desire to have more children, the accessibility of education resources and a lighter education burden (29.55%) ranked first.

Conclusion

In Guangxi, the overall willingness of married women of childbearing age to have children again is low, and economic factors are the most important reason affecting childbearing, so government departments need to improve the relevant policies on childbearing, education, housing subsidies and so on.

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目的

描述与分析广西已婚已育的育龄妇女的再生育意愿及其影响因素,了解育龄女性期望的生育配套政策,为政府优化生育政策和完善配套措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查的数据,以20~49岁已婚已育一孩或二孩的妇女作为研究对象,采用多因素logistic回归分析其再生育意愿及其影响因素。

结果

934名已婚已育育龄妇女中,有再生育意愿的占12.10%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄处于30~34岁(OR=0.241,95%CI:0.111~0.520)、35~39岁(OR=0.162,95%CI:0.075~0.350)、40~44岁(OR=0.066,95%CI:0.029~0.151)、45~49岁(OR=0.027,95%CI:0.011~0.070)和已育二孩(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.057~0.156)的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿较低;不再生育意愿的原因中,排在首位的原因是经济负担重(73.91%);针对再生育意愿的配套政策调查中,排在首位的是教育资源可及和教育负担较轻(29.55%)。

结论

广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿总体较低,经济因素是影响再生育的最主要原因,政府部门需要完善相关生育、教育、住房补贴等政策。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李宏亨,E-mail:
罗红叶,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vIHsN36sns7v5MuwvX9Q1Q==, magXml=64/lpCEu8v5oI24F+W3QFg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+vWq8SI3PIl26M/u/q9/YA==, pdfFileSize=626881, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=g04vbdgWEw9ZZHtGt7jSgQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李宏亨和罗红叶为共同通信作者。

杨喜成(1988—),男,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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杨喜成(1988—),男,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The maternity leave scheme of UK and its Enlightenment to China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057511369928719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, awardId=XYK202304, language=CN, fundingSource=新医科背景下高等医院院校卫生事业管理专业课程体系构建与探索研究(XYK202304), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057505632121406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505669870145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, companyId=1241057505632121406, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505703424584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, companyId=1241057505632121406, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057505820865100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505837642317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, companyId=1241057505820865100, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057505925722708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057505938305622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, companyId=1241057505925722708, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.钦州市第二人民医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057510422016979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Univariate analysis of the willingness to have another child among married women of childbearing age with different factors [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数再生育意愿χ2P
第一层:个人因素层
年龄(岁)116.231<0.001
20~295425(46.30)29(53.70)
30~34153122(79.74)31(20.26)
35~39207179(86.47)28(13.53)
40~44227211(92.95)16(7.05)
45~49254245(96.46)9(3.54)
民族0.5400.462
汉族582512(87.97)70(12.03)
少数民族313270(86.26)43(13.74)
文化程度5.1410.077
初中及以下520464(89.23)56(10.77)
高中/中专155135(87.10)20(12.90)
大专及以上220183(83.18)37(16.82)
就业状况2.5540.279
在业737650(88.20)87(11.80)
失业3731(83.78)6(16.22)
无业121101(83.47)20(16.53)
BMI3.2840.350
正常554487(87.91)67(12.09)
偏瘦6956(81.16)13(18.84)
超重213189(88.73)24(11.27)
肥胖5950(84.75)9(15.25)
自评健康状况4.1470.126
不太满意8577(90.59)8(9.41)
一般436388(88.99)48(11.01)
非常满意374317(84.76)57(15.24)
两周内失眠症状3.1610.075
没有685606(88.47)79(11.53)
210176(83.81)34(16.19)
是否患高血压3.0790.079
867754(86.97)113(13.03)
2828(100.00)0(0.00)
是否患糖尿病0.0470.828
881769(87.29)112(12.71)
1413(92.86)1(7.14)
前次分娩与现在间隔时间(年)36.535<0.001
≤5260203(78.08)57(21.92)
6~10245212(86.53)33(13.47)
>10390367(94.10)23(5.90)
第二层:家庭因素层
家庭年收入(万元)4.3450.114
<10616540(87.66)76(12.34)
10~15177159(89.83)18(10.17)
>1510283(81.37)19(18.63)
已育孩子数量114.187<0.001
一孩300212(70.67)88(29.33)
二孩595570(95.80)25(4.20)
已育男孩数量33.914<0.001
0个男孩196151(77.04)45(22.96)
1个男孩527464(88.05)63(11.95)
2个男孩172167(97.09)5(2.91)
第三层:社会因素层
居住地0.0060.941
城市504440(87.30)64(12.70)
农村391342(87.47)49(12.53)
医疗保险购买情况-0.185
未参与129(75.00)3(25.00)
参与883773(87.54)110(12.46)
养老保险购买情况3.2170.073
未参与328278(84.76)50(15.24)
参与567504(88.89)63(11.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510526874588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同因素已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿的单因素分析〔n(%)〕

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数再生育意愿χ2P
第一层:个人因素层
年龄(岁)116.231<0.001
20~295425(46.30)29(53.70)
30~34153122(79.74)31(20.26)
35~39207179(86.47)28(13.53)
40~44227211(92.95)16(7.05)
45~49254245(96.46)9(3.54)
民族0.5400.462
汉族582512(87.97)70(12.03)
少数民族313270(86.26)43(13.74)
文化程度5.1410.077
初中及以下520464(89.23)56(10.77)
高中/中专155135(87.10)20(12.90)
大专及以上220183(83.18)37(16.82)
就业状况2.5540.279
在业737650(88.20)87(11.80)
失业3731(83.78)6(16.22)
无业121101(83.47)20(16.53)
BMI3.2840.350
正常554487(87.91)67(12.09)
偏瘦6956(81.16)13(18.84)
超重213189(88.73)24(11.27)
肥胖5950(84.75)9(15.25)
自评健康状况4.1470.126
不太满意8577(90.59)8(9.41)
一般436388(88.99)48(11.01)
非常满意374317(84.76)57(15.24)
两周内失眠症状3.1610.075
没有685606(88.47)79(11.53)
210176(83.81)34(16.19)
是否患高血压3.0790.079
867754(86.97)113(13.03)
2828(100.00)0(0.00)
是否患糖尿病0.0470.828
881769(87.29)112(12.71)
1413(92.86)1(7.14)
前次分娩与现在间隔时间(年)36.535<0.001
≤5260203(78.08)57(21.92)
6~10245212(86.53)33(13.47)
>10390367(94.10)23(5.90)
第二层:家庭因素层
家庭年收入(万元)4.3450.114
<10616540(87.66)76(12.34)
10~15177159(89.83)18(10.17)
>1510283(81.37)19(18.63)
已育孩子数量114.187<0.001
一孩300212(70.67)88(29.33)
二孩595570(95.80)25(4.20)
已育男孩数量33.914<0.001
0个男孩196151(77.04)45(22.96)
1个男孩527464(88.05)63(11.95)
2个男孩172167(97.09)5(2.91)
第三层:社会因素层
居住地0.0060.941
城市504440(87.30)64(12.70)
农村391342(87.47)49(12.53)
医疗保险购买情况-0.185
未参与129(75.00)3(25.00)
参与883773(87.54)110(12.46)
养老保险购买情况3.2170.073
未参与328278(84.76)50(15.24)
参与567504(88.89)63(11.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510677869540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Binary logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the reproductive intention of married women of childbearing age

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2POR95%CI
第一层:个人因素层
年龄(以20~29岁为参照)
30~34岁-1.4240.39413.098<0.0010.2410.111~0.520
35~39岁-1.8170.39221.527<0.0010.1620.075~0.350
40~44岁-2.7240.42441.176<0.0010.0660.029~0.151
45~49岁-3.5990.47856.669<0.0010.0270.011~0.070
第二层:家庭因素层
已育孩子数量(以一孩为参照)
二孩-2.3630.25883.739<0.0010.0940.057~0.156
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510841447413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿影响因素的二分类logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2POR95%CI
第一层:个人因素层
年龄(以20~29岁为参照)
30~34岁-1.4240.39413.098<0.0010.2410.111~0.520
35~39岁-1.8170.39221.527<0.0010.1620.075~0.350
40~44岁-2.7240.42441.176<0.0010.0660.029~0.151
45~49岁-3.5990.47856.669<0.0010.0270.011~0.070
第二层:家庭因素层
已育孩子数量(以一孩为参照)
二孩-2.3630.25883.739<0.0010.0940.057~0.156
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510992442361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Survey on supporting policies for married women of childbearing age to have more children

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号选项选择人数百分比
(%)
1给什么条件都不再生育47350.64
2教育资源可及和教育负担较轻27629.55
3发放生育津贴或育儿补贴19020.34
4女性有比较充足的带薪生育假期17819.06
5有安全可靠的托育服务12112.96
6女性不因为生育失去工作、影响晋升、待遇或遭到歧视11812.63
7根据子女数量享受住房优惠政策10511.24
8男性有比较充足的育儿假404.28
9弹性工作时间或远程办公353.75
10辅助生殖纳入医保171.82
11其他141.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511118271485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036250287763842, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿的配套政策调查

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号选项选择人数百分比
(%)
1给什么条件都不再生育47350.64
2教育资源可及和教育负担较轻27629.55
3发放生育津贴或育儿补贴19020.34
4女性有比较充足的带薪生育假期17819.06
5有安全可靠的托育服务12112.96
6女性不因为生育失去工作、影响晋升、待遇或遭到歧视11812.63
7根据子女数量享受住房优惠政策10511.24
8男性有比较充足的育儿假404.28
9弹性工作时间或远程办公353.75
10辅助生殖纳入医保171.82
11其他141.50
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“三孩”生育政策下广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿及其影响因素分析
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杨喜成 1, 3 , 田滢琪 1 , 李彬 2 , 巫东玲 1 , 李金培 1 , 陈成科 1 , 李宏亨 1 , 罗红叶 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(16): 2975-2979
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(16): 2975-2979
“三孩”生育政策下广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿及其影响因素分析
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杨喜成1, 3, 田滢琪1, 李彬2, 巫东玲1, 李金培1, 陈成科1, 李宏亨1 , 罗红叶1
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心
  • 3.钦州市第二人民医院
  • 杨喜成(1988—),男,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

李宏亨,E-mail:
罗红叶,E-mail:
Analysis of the willingness of married women of childbearing age to have children and the factors influencing it under the “three-child” fertility policy, Guangxi
Xi-cheng YANG1, 3, Ying-qi TIAN1, Bin LI2, Dong-ling WU1, Jin-pei LI1, Cheng-ke CHEN1, Hong-heng LI1 , Hong-ye LUO1
Affiliations
  • School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503472
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目的

描述与分析广西已婚已育的育龄妇女的再生育意愿及其影响因素,了解育龄女性期望的生育配套政策,为政府优化生育政策和完善配套措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查的数据,以20~49岁已婚已育一孩或二孩的妇女作为研究对象,采用多因素logistic回归分析其再生育意愿及其影响因素。

结果

934名已婚已育育龄妇女中,有再生育意愿的占12.10%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄处于30~34岁(OR=0.241,95%CI:0.111~0.520)、35~39岁(OR=0.162,95%CI:0.075~0.350)、40~44岁(OR=0.066,95%CI:0.029~0.151)、45~49岁(OR=0.027,95%CI:0.011~0.070)和已育二孩(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.057~0.156)的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿较低;不再生育意愿的原因中,排在首位的原因是经济负担重(73.91%);针对再生育意愿的配套政策调查中,排在首位的是教育资源可及和教育负担较轻(29.55%)。

结论

广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿总体较低,经济因素是影响再生育的最主要原因,政府部门需要完善相关生育、教育、住房补贴等政策。

生育政策  /  育龄妇女  /  再生育意愿  /  影响因素
Objective

To describe and analyze the willingness of married women of childbearing age in Guangxi to have children again and the factors affecting them, to understand the reproductive supporting policies expected by women of childbearing age, and to provide a reference basis for the government to optimize the reproductive policy and improve the supporting measures.

Methods

Based on the data from the Seventh National Health Service Survey of Guangxi in 2023, women aged 20-49 years old who were married with one or two children were taken as the study subjects, and their willingness to have another child and their influencing factors were analyzed by multifactorial logistic regression.

Results

Of the 934 married women of childbearing age who had children, 12.10% had the desire to have another child. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the married fertile women aged 30-34 years(OR=0.241, 95%CI: 0.111-0.520), 35-39 years(OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.075-0.350), 40-44 years(OR=0.066, 95%CI: 0.029-0.151), 45-49 years(OR=0.027, 95%CI: 0.011-0.070) and married women of childbearing age who already had two children(OR=0.094, 95%CI: 0.057-0.156) had a lower intention to have another child. The top reason for no longer wanting to have children was financial burden (73.91%). In the survey on complementary policies to address the desire to have more children, the accessibility of education resources and a lighter education burden (29.55%) ranked first.

Conclusion

In Guangxi, the overall willingness of married women of childbearing age to have children again is low, and economic factors are the most important reason affecting childbearing, so government departments need to improve the relevant policies on childbearing, education, housing subsidies and so on.

Fertility policy  /  Women of childbearing age  /  Willingness to have another child  /  Influencing factors
杨喜成, 田滢琪, 李彬, 巫东玲, 李金培, 陈成科, 李宏亨, 罗红叶. “三孩”生育政策下广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2975 -2979 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503472
Xi-cheng YANG, Ying-qi TIAN, Bin LI, Dong-ling WU, Jin-pei LI, Cheng-ke CHEN, Hong-heng LI, Hong-ye LUO. Analysis of the willingness of married women of childbearing age to have children and the factors influencing it under the “three-child” fertility policy, Guangxi[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2975 -2979 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503472
伴随经济快速增长,中国正面临人口老龄化加剧与生育率持续走低等结构性人口问题[1]。截至2023年底,我国60周岁及以上人口约为2.97亿人,约占全国总人口的21.1%[2];2020年人口普查数据显示总和生育率已降至1.3,远低于2.1的世代更替水平,低于低生育率陷阱的1.5警戒线[3]。急速老龄化趋势和持续下降的人口出生率给中国的经济发展和人口福祉带来了一系列挑战。国家2021年5月31日开始实施一对夫妻可以生育3个子女的政策(简称“三孩”生育政策),并实施配套支持措施[4]。再生育意愿指育龄女性及其配偶在考虑是否继续生育时的主观意向与实际需求。本研究基于2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查的数据,从个人、家庭和社会因素三个方面分析广西已婚已育育龄妇女的再生育意愿及其影响因素,了解已育育龄女性期望的生育配套政策,为政府优化生育政策和完善配套措施提供参考依据。
本研究数据来源2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查。该调查根据人口统计年鉴,以广西为总体,抽样按照桂北(桂林市、柳州市、河池市)、桂中(南宁市、贵港市)和桂南(北海市)三个片区划分,覆盖不同地级市的6个县(市、区)、28个乡镇(街道)、60个村(居委会),调查3 600户人,共9 723人;本研究选取20~49岁的已婚已育一孩或二孩的妇女作为研究对象,样本量是934人。
本研究以是否有再生育意愿为因变量(有再生育意愿=1,无再生育意愿=0)。根据以往研究的经验[5-7]和本研究的数据特点,从个人因素、家庭因素和社会因素三个方面构建理论分析框架,探讨这三个方面因素变量对于再生育意愿的可能作用机制。个人因素包括年龄、民族、文化程度、就业状况、BMI指数、自评健康状况、两周内失眠症状、是否日常活动受到限制、是否患高血压、是否患糖尿病、前次分娩与现在间隔时间;家庭因素包括家庭年收入、已育孩子数量、已育男孩数量;社会因素包括居住地、医疗保险购买情况、养老保险购买情况。其中,体重指数=体重/身高2(kg/m2),BMI=18.50~23.99 kg/m2属于正常体重,BMI<18.50 kg/m2属于偏瘦,BMI=24.00~27.99 kg/m2属于超重,BMI≥28.00 kg/m2属于肥胖;日常活动受到限制指的是在过去至少6个月里,在多大程度上因健康问题限制了日常活动。
本研究运用Excel 2021进行数据整理,采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差()进行描述,计数资料以频数和百分比形式呈现,组间率的差异比较则采用卡方检验(χ2检验)进行统计学分析,已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿的影响因素采用二分类logistic回归进行分析,检验水准为α=0.05。
934例研究对象中,有再生育意愿的占12.10%(113/934),无再生育意愿的占 83.73%(782/934),不确定的占4.17%(39/934)。确定有或无生育意愿的895名对象的年龄为20~49岁,平均年龄为(39.6±6.4)岁;民族以汉族为主(65.03%),文化程度以初中及以下为主(58.10%),33.52%已育有一孩,66.48%已育有二孩,56.31%居住在城市。详见表1
895例研究统计分析对象中,113例(12.63%)被访者有再生育意愿,782例(87.37%)被访者无再生育意愿。不同年龄、前次分娩与现在间隔时间、已育孩子数量、已育男孩数量的已婚已育育龄妇女的再生育意愿差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见表1
将再生育意愿(有=1,无=0)设为因变量,选取表1中具有统计学显著差异的变量作为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示:年龄处于30~49岁、已育二孩的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿较低。详见表2
对782名无再生育意愿的已婚已育育龄妇女进行调查,不愿再生育的排名前五的原因依次是经济负担重(73.91%)、没人带孩子(35.04%)、现有子女数已经足够了(33.89%)、自己/丈夫年龄太大(24.17%)和担心生活质量降低(22.38%)。
934人一共选择了1 567个愿意再生育孩子的配套政策,排名前五的再生育意愿配套政策是教育资源可及和教育负担较轻(29.55%)、发放生育津贴或育儿补贴(20.34%)、女性有比较充足的带薪生育假期(19.06%)、有安全可靠的托育服务(12.96%)和女性不因为生育失去工作、影响晋升、待遇或遭到歧视(12.63%),但是有50.64%的已婚已育育龄妇女表示给什么条件都不再生育。详见表3
研究结果显示,在“三孩”生育政策下,广西已婚已育育龄妇女有再生育意愿的仅占12.10%(113/934),明显低于丽水地区(17.6%)[8]、云南省(19.19%)[9]和上海(22.7%)[10],高于山东临沂(10.0%)[11],显示广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿总体较低。
多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,不同的年龄、已育孩子数量的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿差异有统计学意义。与年龄处于20~29岁相比,30~49岁的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿低,与已有研究结果一致[812-13],可能的原因是高龄生育风险增加,妇女因身体机能下降不愿再育[14]。与已育一孩相比,已育二孩的已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿较低,与已有研究结果一致[813],可能涉及育儿负担加重及一孩政策影响或是主因[15]
对于不愿再生育的原因,在受访的已婚已育育龄妇女中,73.91%表示经济压力较大,22.38%则担心生活质量降低,与前述多因素logistic回归分析的结论一致,即二孩家庭生育意愿更低,主因经济与精力负担影响生活质量[16]。35.04%表示没人带孩子,与现有的研究结果一致[17],现代青年以事业为重,依赖“隔代养育”,若无长辈协助将降低育龄妇女再生育意愿。33.89%表示现有子女数已经足够,可能的原因是生育观念已发生转变,传统的“多子多福”已被“少生优育”取代[18]。24.17%表示自己/丈夫年龄太大,与前述多因素logistic回归分析的结论一致,育龄妇女认为随着年龄的增长生育风险随之增加,因此不愿再生育。
已婚已育育龄妇女希望再生育孩子的配套政策调查中,29.55%希望教育资源可及和教育负担较轻,建议政府扩增普惠幼儿园,均衡教育资源[19],落实“双减”以减轻教育负担[20]。20.34%希望发放生育津贴或育儿补贴,建议政府以个税减免、房贷优惠和医疗补助等政策,按需扶持多孩家庭[21]。19.06%希望女性有比较充足的带薪生育假期,建议政府优化产假和生育保险制度,延长育儿假以提升再生意愿[22]。12.96%希望有安全可靠的托育服务,与现有的研究结果一致[23];建议政府扩建托育机构,提供便捷安全的多元托育服务,缓解家庭育儿压力[24]。12.63%希望女性不因为生育失去工作、影响晋升、待遇或遭到歧视,与现有的研究结果一致[25],建议将产假改为173天家庭共享育儿假,夫妻灵活分配,以缓解女性职业焦虑,提升生育意愿[26]。50.64%表示给什么条件都不再生育,表明再生育意愿不高;研究显示,医务人员向育龄女性宣教科学生育知识可有效提升其再生意愿。
综上所述,即使在“三孩”生育政策出台背景下,广西已婚已育育龄妇女再生育意愿也不强烈。政府需多措并举提升生育率,完善生育补贴政策、扩建托育机构、增加教育投入、优化产假制度等,加强婚育宣传,以进一步提高生育率,改善人口低增长带来的各类社会问题。
  • 新医科背景下高等医院院校卫生事业管理专业课程体系构建与探索研究(XYK202304)
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503472
  • 接收时间:2025-03-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25
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新医科背景下高等医院院校卫生事业管理专业课程体系构建与探索研究(XYK202304)
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    1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心
    3.钦州市第二人民医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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