Article(id=1241036247196553272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504109, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815698670, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815698670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815698670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815698670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2914, endPage=2918, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036249142710333, articleId=1241036247196553272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function: the mediating role of activities of daily living, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact of grip strength asymmetry on cognitive function among elderly people in Chengdu, to investigate the mediating role of activities of daily living (ADL) between grip strength asymmetry and cognitive function, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing the risk of cognitive decline.

Methods

This study analyzed survey data from Wenjiang District and Longquanyi District in Chengdu in 2023. Handgrip strength asymmetry was calculated from bilateral grip strength measurements, and cognitive function was assessed using the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between handgrip strength asymmetry, ADL and cognitive function in the elderly. Bootstrap tested the mediating role of ADL between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function.

Results

The study included 1 110 participants, including both urban and rural residents of Chengdu, with an average age of 72.38±5.82 years, including 660 (59.5%) women. The handgrip strength asymmetry was negatively correlated with cognitive function and ADL (r=-0.121, P<0.001; r=-0.138, P<0.001), ADL was positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.125, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect test showed that ADL played a partial mediating role between the handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function (P<0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 12.9%.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that grip strength asymmetry can lead to impairment in activities of daily living, which in turn causes cognitive decline among the elderly population in Chengdu. Thus, ADL plays a partial mediating role between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function. Physical exercise targeting grip strength and ADL may be an effective approach to preventing and delaying cognitive decline.

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目的

探讨成都市老年人握力不对称对认知功能的影响,并研究日常生活活动(Activity of Daily Living,ADL)在握力不对称和认知功能之间的中介作用,为预防认知下降提供科学依据。

方法

本研究利用成都市2023年温江区和龙泉驿区的调查数据进行分析。通过双侧握力计算握力不对称指数,使用简易精神状态检查表(Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE)评估认知功能。使用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归模型探讨老年人握力不对称、ADL与认知功能之间的关系,并应用Bootstrap法检验ADL的中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入1 110名研究对象,平均年龄为72.38±5.82岁,其中女性660人(59.5%)。握力不对称与认知功能及ADL均呈负相关(r=-0.121,P<0.001;r=-0.138,P<0.001),ADL与认知功能呈正相关(r=0.125,P<0.001)。中介效应分析显示,ADL在握力不对称和认知功能之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比12.9%。

结论

握力不对称可能与ADL和认知功能受损相关,即ADL在握力不对称和认知功能之间起到部分中介作用。针对握力和ADL的体育锻炼可能是预防和延缓认知衰退的有效途径。

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万洋,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AyhSFxagJUqQCMN9u/RggQ==, magXml=WHUUF1AUaKiCl7/VCFn/Qw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ft5EEeqIHpIyH7gKD9NH1g==, pdfFileSize=684838, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=A2jto5zZitWT/yY7NoJuEQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3J8/UUJ2jMk6a2pJDq9lCg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

叶素妮(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年心理健康

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叶素妮(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年心理健康

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注:*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001;a表示握力不对称对ADL的效应值;b表示ADL对认知功能的效应值;c’表示握力不对称对认知功能的直接效应;c表示握力不对称对认知功能的总效应值。

, figureFileSmall=8ImbXWtSXeqR/DY4Gk/Ytw==, figureFileBig=uuGXuqgMK2PVq1g2wPVOpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057510224884682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Assignment of categorical variables

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变量名称变量赋值
性别0=男,1=女
居住地0=城镇,1=农村
居住状态0=非独居,1=独居
婚姻状况0=不在婚,1=在婚
教育水平0=文盲,1=小学及以下,2=初中及以上
吸烟0=否,1=是
饮酒0=否,1=是
高血压0=无,1=有
糖尿病0=无,1=有
体重指数(BMI)0=正常体重,1=体重过轻,2=超重,3=肥胖
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510426211284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

分类变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量赋值
性别0=男,1=女
居住地0=城镇,1=农村
居住状态0=非独居,1=独居
婚姻状况0=不在婚,1=在婚
教育水平0=文盲,1=小学及以下,2=初中及以上
吸烟0=否,1=是
饮酒0=否,1=是
高血压0=无,1=有
糖尿病0=无,1=有
体重指数(BMI)0=正常体重,1=体重过轻,2=超重,3=肥胖
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510526874587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic characteristics of the research object(n=1 110)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称n(%)
性别
450(40.5)
660(59.5)
居住地
城镇441(39.7)
农村669(60.3)
居住状态
非独居1 006(90.6)
独居104(9.4)
婚姻状况
在婚848(76.4)
不在婚262(23.6)
教育水平
文盲295(26.6)
小学及以下482(43.4)
初中及以上333(30.0)
吸烟
936(84.3)
174(15.7)
饮酒
788(71.0)
322(29.0)
BMI正常476(42.9)
体重过轻41(3.7)
超重455(41.0)
肥胖138(12.4)
糖尿病
897(80.8)
213(19.2)
高血压
576(51.9)
534(48.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510610760674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究对象的基本特征(n=1 110)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称n(%)
性别
450(40.5)
660(59.5)
居住地
城镇441(39.7)
农村669(60.3)
居住状态
非独居1 006(90.6)
独居104(9.4)
婚姻状况
在婚848(76.4)
不在婚262(23.6)
教育水平
文盲295(26.6)
小学及以下482(43.4)
初中及以上333(30.0)
吸烟
936(84.3)
174(15.7)
饮酒
788(71.0)
322(29.0)
BMI正常476(42.9)
体重过轻41(3.7)
超重455(41.0)
肥胖138(12.4)
糖尿病
897(80.8)
213(19.2)
高血压
576(51.9)
534(48.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510707229675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation between Grip Strength Asymmetry, ADL, and Cognitive Function in research objects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 握力不对称指数(%)ADL认知功能
握力不对称指数
(%)
12.78±12.191.000
ADL5.90±0.49-0.138c1.000
认知功能20.67±6.10-0.121c0.125c1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510824670191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

研究对象握力不对称、ADL和认知功能相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 握力不对称指数(%)ADL认知功能
握力不对称指数
(%)
12.78±12.191.000
ADL5.90±0.49-0.138c1.000
认知功能20.67±6.10-0.121c0.125c1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241057510916944887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression analysis with ADL as a mediating variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤自变量因变量回归系数β标准误tP
第1步握力不对称认知功能-3.2671.230-2.6550.008
第2步握力不对称ADL-0.4630.119-3.879<0.001
第3步握力不对称认知功能-2.8451.235-2.3040.021
ADL0.9110.3112.9350.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511021802492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ADL作为中介变量的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤自变量因变量回归系数β标准误tP
第1步握力不对称认知功能-3.2671.230-2.6550.008
第2步握力不对称ADL-0.4630.119-3.879<0.001
第3步握力不对称认知功能-2.8451.235-2.3040.021
ADL0.9110.3112.9350.003
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511143436290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bootstrap mediation effect test of ADL on the relationship between grip strength asymmetry and cognitive function in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型效应值β(95% CIP效应占比
(%)
中介效应-0.422(-1.325~-0.010)0.03712.9
直接效应-2.845(-5.386~-0.420)0.02487.1
总效应-3.267(-6.012~-0.760)0.015100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241057511248293896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036247196553272, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

ADL在握力不对称与认知功能之间中介效应的bootstrap检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型效应值β(95% CIP效应占比
(%)
中介效应-0.422(-1.325~-0.010)0.03712.9
直接效应-2.845(-5.386~-0.420)0.02487.1
总效应-3.267(-6.012~-0.760)0.015100.0
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握力不对称和认知功能的关系:日常活动能力的中介作用
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叶素妮 1 , 祁婧 1 , 张晴晴 2 , 赵正中 2 , 李畅 2 , 姜佳萌 2 , 邱培媛 1 , 万洋 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(16): 2914-2918
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(16): 2914-2918
握力不对称和认知功能的关系:日常活动能力的中介作用
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叶素妮1, 祁婧1, 张晴晴2, 赵正中2, 李畅2, 姜佳萌2, 邱培媛1, 万洋2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 叶素妮(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年心理健康

通讯作者:

万洋,E-mail:
Relationship between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function: the mediating role of activities of daily living
Su-ni YE1, Jing QI1, Qing-qing ZHANG2, Zheng-zhong ZHAO2, Chang LI2, Jia-meng JIANG2, Pei-yuan QIU1, Yang WAN2
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504109
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目的

探讨成都市老年人握力不对称对认知功能的影响,并研究日常生活活动(Activity of Daily Living,ADL)在握力不对称和认知功能之间的中介作用,为预防认知下降提供科学依据。

方法

本研究利用成都市2023年温江区和龙泉驿区的调查数据进行分析。通过双侧握力计算握力不对称指数,使用简易精神状态检查表(Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE)评估认知功能。使用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归模型探讨老年人握力不对称、ADL与认知功能之间的关系,并应用Bootstrap法检验ADL的中介效应。

结果

本研究共纳入1 110名研究对象,平均年龄为72.38±5.82岁,其中女性660人(59.5%)。握力不对称与认知功能及ADL均呈负相关(r=-0.121,P<0.001;r=-0.138,P<0.001),ADL与认知功能呈正相关(r=0.125,P<0.001)。中介效应分析显示,ADL在握力不对称和认知功能之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比12.9%。

结论

握力不对称可能与ADL和认知功能受损相关,即ADL在握力不对称和认知功能之间起到部分中介作用。针对握力和ADL的体育锻炼可能是预防和延缓认知衰退的有效途径。

老年人  /  日常生活活动能力  /  握力不对称  /  认知功能
Objective

To explore the impact of grip strength asymmetry on cognitive function among elderly people in Chengdu, to investigate the mediating role of activities of daily living (ADL) between grip strength asymmetry and cognitive function, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing the risk of cognitive decline.

Methods

This study analyzed survey data from Wenjiang District and Longquanyi District in Chengdu in 2023. Handgrip strength asymmetry was calculated from bilateral grip strength measurements, and cognitive function was assessed using the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between handgrip strength asymmetry, ADL and cognitive function in the elderly. Bootstrap tested the mediating role of ADL between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function.

Results

The study included 1 110 participants, including both urban and rural residents of Chengdu, with an average age of 72.38±5.82 years, including 660 (59.5%) women. The handgrip strength asymmetry was negatively correlated with cognitive function and ADL (r=-0.121, P<0.001; r=-0.138, P<0.001), ADL was positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.125, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect test showed that ADL played a partial mediating role between the handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function (P<0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 12.9%.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that grip strength asymmetry can lead to impairment in activities of daily living, which in turn causes cognitive decline among the elderly population in Chengdu. Thus, ADL plays a partial mediating role between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function. Physical exercise targeting grip strength and ADL may be an effective approach to preventing and delaying cognitive decline.

Elderly  /  Activities of daily living  /  Handgrip strength asymmetry  /  Cognitive function
叶素妮, 祁婧, 张晴晴, 赵正中, 李畅, 姜佳萌, 邱培媛, 万洋. 握力不对称和认知功能的关系:日常活动能力的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2914 -2918 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504109
Su-ni YE, Jing QI, Qing-qing ZHANG, Zheng-zhong ZHAO, Chang LI, Jia-meng JIANG, Pei-yuan QIU, Yang WAN. Relationship between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function: the mediating role of activities of daily living[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2914 -2918 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504109
当前,我国人口老龄化加快,第七次全国人口普查结果显示,我国≥60岁老年人已达2.64亿,占总人口的18.7%[1]。在这一趋势下,与年龄增长相关的认知障碍问题也愈发凸显,不仅会给个人带来不良的健康后果,还将给家庭和整个社会带来沉重的照料压力和经济负担[2-3],已成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。因此,探寻能够延缓老年人认知衰退的有效途径变得尤为迫切。
在诸多身体性能指标中,握力因其与健康的紧密关联而备受关注,它不仅是衡量身体机能的公认参数,更被视为当前和未来健康的重要标志[4]。人类手部运动的优势侧化(如左利手或右利手)通常与大脑半球的功能偏侧化密切相关,而握力不对称可能揭示了神经系统存在问题或半球激活失衡[5-6]。因此,握力不对称的程度可能是认知能力下降的一个重要标志。相关研究也表明,与握力对称的个体相比,握力不对称的个体更容易出现躯体功能限制和更低的认知表现[57-8]。与此同时,大量证据表明,肌肉力量是影响日常生活活动(Activity of Daily Living,ADL)的重要因素之一。以墨西哥的一项纵向研究为例,在老年人群体中,握力越大,ADL受限的风险就越低[9]。此外,越来越多的研究也证实,ADL受限的老年人更有可能经历认知衰退[10-11]
然而,现有研究多聚焦于探讨老年人握力不对称、ADL和认知功能之间的两两关系,对于三者之间是否存在相互作用途径,特别是握力不对称是否通过影响ADL间接导致认知衰退这一中介路径,却鲜有深入研究。基于此,本研究分析讨握力不对称与ADL和认知功能的关系,并探讨ADL在握力不对称与认知功能间的中介效应,旨在为有效减缓老年人认知功能下降、提高晚年生活水平提供科学依据。
2023年3—9月,本研究在成都市温江区和龙泉驿区,采用分层随机抽样的方法纳入研究对象,进行面对面的调查。研究纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60周岁;(2)在当地居住6个月及以上;(3)自愿参与研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)主要研究变量缺失(握力、ADL、认知);(2)重要协变量缺失(如婚姻状况、教育水平等);(3)患有严重的精神疾病,无法配合完成调查。
采用横断面调查的样本量计算公式:,中国60岁及以上老年人认知损伤的患病率为24.9%[12],取α=0.05,δ为容许误差,本研究中取δ=0.03,假设拒答率为20%,则需要至少招募998人才满足样本量要求。研究实际调查了1 333人,回收有效问卷1 110份,问卷有效回收率为83.3%。本研究获得四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会的批准(批准号:Gwll2022004)。
本研究中认知功能主要通过简易精神状态检查量表(Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE)进行评估。MMSE是一种在医学和心理学领域广泛应用的工具,用于衡量个体的认知功能状态,涵盖定向力、记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力和语言能力五个关键维度。该量表由30个条目组成,每个条目回答正确计1分,答错或不知道则不计分,总分范围为0~30分,分数越高代表认知功能越好[13]。在本研究中,MMSE量表的Cronbach α系数为0.89,信度较高。
研究中使用机械测力计(香山EH101)测量握力。测试前,受试者需自行报告自己的优势手。测试开始时,受试者需握住测力计,保持站立姿势,肘部弯曲成90°,以最大力量挤压测力计数秒,两只手交替进行,每只手重复测量三次,握力值取三次测量的平均值。
握力不对称是肌肉功能受损的指标,指左手和右手之间握力值的差异,本研究中由握力不对称指数衡量。握力不对称指数由双手握力值之差(优势手-非优势手)的绝对值除以优势手握力值计算得出:
在调查中,我们对受试者的ADL进行了评分。ADL是一种在医疗保健和老年护理领域广泛应用的评估工具[14],用于评估个体独立完成日常基本生活任务的能力,这些任务对于自我照顾和维持功能至关重要。ADL的评估包括以下六个主要项目:穿衣、洗澡、室内转移、如厕、控制失禁和进食。受试者被询问他们是否能够独立完成这些日常活动,若能独立完成,则该项目计1分;若部分或完全依赖他人帮助,则该项目不计分,总分范围为0~6分。得分越低表明受试者在日常生活活动中的受限程度越高。本研究ADL评分的Cronbach α系数为0.72,信效度良好。
根据既往文献[58],本研究的协变量包括年龄、性别、居住地、居住状态、婚姻状况和教育水平、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体重指数(BMI,kg/m2),覆盖社会人口学特征、生活行为方式和健康状况。其中,BMI根据中国标准分为四类[15]:体重过轻(<18.5 kg/m2)、正常体重(18.5~24.0 kg/m2)、超重(24.0~28.0 kg/m2)和肥胖(≥28.0 kg/m2)。变量赋值见表1
本研究采用问卷调查法,为保证数据质量,研究团队对调查员进行了统一培训,确保其熟悉调查问卷及数据收集流程。调研过程中,使用统一指导语向研究对象说明研究目的和内容,并征求其知情同意。在数据处理阶段,进一步核查并剔除无效问卷,确保数据的有效性和可靠性。
连续变量使用均值和标准差进行描述,分类变量使用频数和百分比(%)描述。握力不对称、ADL和认知功能之间的关联性采用Pearson相关分析,结果以相关系数(r)表示。采用Baron和Kenny提出的中介模型[15],探究ADL在握力不对称对认知功能影响中的中介效应。最后,我们采用5 000次重抽样的非参数Bootstrap方法来评估结果的稳健性。所有分析使用R 4.1.3完成,检验水平为α=0.05(双侧)。
1 110名老年人的平均年龄为72.38岁(s=5.82),其中女性占59.5%(660名),大部分居住在农村(60.3%),在婚(76.4%),且与家人生活(90.6%)。73.4%的研究对象具有小学及以上的教育水平。详见表2
研究对象握力不对称指数为12.78%(s=12.19%),ADL均分为5.90(s=0.49),认知功能评分为20.67(s=6.10)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年人握力不对称和ADL及认知功能呈负相关(r=-0.138,P<0.001; r=-0.121,P<0.001),ADL与认知功能呈正相关(r=0.125,P<0.001),见表3
在调整协变量后,以握力不对称为自变量,ADL为中介变量,认知功能为因变量,进行中介效应分析。结果表明,认知功能随着握力不对称的增加而下降(β=-3.267,P<0.01),ADL得分随着握力不对称的增加而降低(β=-0.463,P<0.001);在引入中介变量后,握力不对称与认知功能呈负相关(β=-2.845,P<0.05),ADL得分与认知功能呈正相关(β=0.911,P<0.01)。见表4
进一步通过Bootstrap法检验ADL的中介效应,结果显示握力不对称对认知功能的总效应为-3.267(95%CI:-6.012~-0.760),直接效应为-2.845(95%CI:-5.386~-0.420),中介效应为-0.422(95%CI:-1.325~-0.010),中介效应占比12.9%。这表明ADL在老年人握力不对称与认知功能的关系中存在部分中介作用,中介效应的95%CI不包括0,结果具有统计意义。中介途径模型见图1,bootstrap检验结果见表5
本研究基于成都市老年人群的横断面数据,揭示了握力不对称与认知功能的关联,并验证了ADL在这一关系中的部分中介作用。结果显示,老年人握力不对称和ADL以及认知功能均呈负相关,ADL与认知功能呈正相关,且ADL在握力不对称和认知功能关联中的中介效应占比为12.9%。
本研究发现握力不对称与认知功能下降的风险有关,这与既往的研究结果一致。Mcgrath等人基于美国健康与退休研究(Health and Retirement Study,HRS)队列,开展了随访时间长达10年的纵向研究[5],研究结果显示握力不对称程度每增加10%,认知功能衰退的风险增加1.23(95%CI:1.01~1.50)倍,并提出其机制可能与大脑半球间协调功能异常相关。一项在中国农村地区进行的横断面研究同样发现[8],握力不对称是认知功能下降的重要风险因素。这一观点在神经机制层面同样得到了研究的支持,Sainburg、Liu等通过功能磁共振证实[16-17],手部运动优势与对侧大脑半球运动皮层激活强度呈正相关,而握力不对称可能反应双侧半球激活失衡[18-19]。这种机制不仅解释了握力不对称与认知功能下降之间的关系,还为握力不对称的老年人更易患神经退行性疾病这一现象提供了理论依据。
不仅如此,本研究还发现,握力不对称不仅直接影响老年人的认知功能,还会通过ADL受限间接加剧认知衰退,中介效应占比为12.9%。首先,握力不对称与ADL受限风险增加有关。既往研究发现,握力水平与神经系统的协调运动控制功能密切相关[20],双侧握力的不对称可能提示神经系统对双侧肌肉协同调控的异常,这种协调障碍会直接削弱手部动作的精准性和响应速度,导致扣纽扣、使用餐具等精细操作能力下降,最终影响个体日常生活的独立性和质量。其次,本研究结果还显示,ADL受限程度越高,认知功能下降的风险越大,这与Farias等的发现一致[21]。由于身体活动不足和久坐不动,ADL受限的老年人可能会失去参加体育锻炼和认知活动的机会[22],而这些活动对认知功能具有保护作用[23]。有证据表明,丰富的环境引起各种可塑性反应,增加树突的复杂性,从而提升脑补认知潜能[24],但ADL受限可能导致认知刺激减少,从而加速认知功能下降。此外,ADL受限可能增加老年人的孤独感和抑郁情绪,这些情绪也与认知功能下降有关[25-26]
综上所述,老年人握力不对称与认知功能下降存在关联,且ADL受限在两者间发挥了中介作用。基于这一关联性特征,建议构建“早筛查-强干预”双重防御体系。在筛查层面,本研究揭示了握力不对称作为早期识别认知障碍的评估工具,具有一定的潜在价值和有效性,且握力的测量以成本较低、操作简单、无创伤的独特优势,特别适用于基层医疗的大规模筛查。鉴于此,我们建议将握力测试与评估纳入老年人的常规体检中,对那些表现出握力不对称的老年人给予更多的关注,并为其制定肌肉力量相关的训练。在干预层面,建议鼓励老年人积极参与定期的握力训练和全身锻炼,增强手部乃至整体肌肉的力量和协调能力,以达到改善身体机能和保护认知的目的;同时,建议地方政府优化公共设施,为其提供健身场所和老年活动中心,鼓励参与锻炼、棋牌、象棋等活动,增加认知刺激,激发认知活力,提高大脑活跃度,延缓认知功能下降。
尽管本研究提供了有价值的证据,但仍然存在一些局限性。一方面,本研究为横断面研究,因果推断受到限制,需要通过纵向研究和试验研究进一步验证;另一方面,研究对象的患病情况(如卒中史、神经系统退行性疾病等)可能与握力不对称及ADL受损存在复杂关联,但本研究未对具体疾病的病程、严重程度及其交互作用进行分层分析,可能影响结果的解释力度。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72174133)
  • 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2023YFS0294)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504109
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
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国家自然科学基金(72174133)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2023YFS0294)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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