Article(id=1241036245107798316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410519, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815698171, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815698171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815698171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815698171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2908, endPage=2913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036246710022463, articleId=1241036245107798316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of recurrence status and influencing factors among initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2016-2022, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the recurrence status and influencing factors of initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients after successful treatment in Kashgar region, and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling tuberculosis recurrence.

Methods

A total of 40 527 Patients aged 60 and above who were initially treated for tuberculosis and successfully treated in Kashgar from 2016 to 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Their recurrence rate up to the end of 2023 was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate analysis of recurrence influencing factors, the log-rank test was used for inter-group comparison, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results Among the 40 527 study participants, 6 358 cases of recurrence were recorded by the end of 2023, with a total cumulative recurrence rate of 19.17%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that male gender (aHR=1.176, 95%CI: 1.119-1.235), severe tuberculosis burden in the current residence (aHR=1.354, 95%CI: 1.234-1.486), positive sputum test result at initial diagnosis (aHR=1.831, 95%CI: 1.622-2.068), positive sputum test result at the end of the second month of initial treatment (aHR=2.230, 95%CI: 1.736-2.865), positive sputum culture result at initial diagnosis (aHR=1.533, 95%CI: 1.346-1.745), and a diagnosis and treatment delay of 30 days or more (aHR=1.126, 95%CI: 1.057-1.198) were independent risk factors for recurrence in initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients. In contrast, active case-finding (aHR=0.635, 95%CI: 0.600-0.672), a cured treatment outcome (aHR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.580-0.739), and puretuberculous pleurisy (aHR=0.206, 95%CI: 0.098-0.432) were protective factors against recurrence.

Conclusion

To reduce the recurrence of initially treated elderly tuberculosis, it is necessary to strengthen follow-up and management after treatment, implement targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and enhance public health education to promote early detection and standardized treatment.

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目的

分析喀什地区初治老年结核病患者成功治疗后的复发情况及影响因素,为防治结核病复发提供依据。

方法

以喀什地区2016—2022年治疗成功的40 527例≥60岁初治结核病患者为研究对象,分析其截至2023年末的复发率,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行复发影响因素的单因素分析,组间比较采用log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归。

结果

纳入的40 527例研究对象中,截至2023年末复发6 358例,8年累积复发率为19.17%。Cox比例风险回归显示,男性(aHR=1.176,95%CI:1.119~1.235)、现住地结核病负担严重(aHR=1.354,95%CI:1.234~1.486)、初诊痰检结果为阳性(aHR=1.831,95%CI:1.622~2.068)、初治两个月末痰检结果为阳性(aHR=2.230,95%CI:1.736~2.865)、初诊痰培养结果为阳性(aHR=1.533,95%CI:1.346~1.745)、初治使用固定剂量复合制剂(aHR=1.130,95%CI:1.030~1.239)、诊疗延误时长≥30天(aHR=1.126,95%CI:1.057~1.198)是初治老年结核病患者复发的危险因素,而就诊方式为主动方式(aHR=0.635,95%CI:0.600~0.672)、治疗结局为治愈(aHR=0.655,95%CI:0.580~0.739)及单纯结核性胸膜炎(aHR=0.206,95%CI:0.098~0.432)是复发的保护因素。

结论

为减少初治老年结核病复发,应强化治疗后随访管理,对高危人群精准干预,加强公众健康教育,推动早发现、早治疗。

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克尤木·吾布力喀斯木,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bPSfMrIoKznHFK5n+kkxHA==, magXml=ZDqpiaep/CKi//MNljUNOA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=omD9MDk4qqroaw9i7O7KuQ==, pdfFileSize=1177605, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CpcJpICchawjKhGTf1MC4Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2crvZPFV6viy+zzU5QyEGg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

买吾拉江·依马木(1987—),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向:结核病防治

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PLOS One, 2015, 10(4): e0125403., articleTitle=Month 2 culture status and treatment duration as predictors of recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis: model validation and update, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057506882016218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506890404828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, companyId=1241057506882016218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Kashgar Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057506902987739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, companyId=1241057506882016218, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心,新疆 喀什 844099)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057507020428257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057507033011172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, companyId=1241057507020428257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057507163034607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057507171423216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, companyId=1241057507163034607, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.喀什地区结核病防治所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241057507301446650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057507314029563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, companyId=1241057507301446650, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.新疆医科大学临床医学部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241057512783401267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cumulative recurrence risk curves of variables for newly treated elderly TB patients, figureFileSmall=MhGS7gUuMchMzIytYy0q8w==, figureFileBig=p3lFy+DNHG4oJdsH/baXyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057512892453176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=CN, label=图1, caption=初治老年结核病患者各变量累积复发风险曲线

注:A.性别;B.现住地结核病负担;C.患者来源;D.治疗结局;E.是否使用FDC;F.初诊痰检结果;G.初治两个月末痰检结果;H.初诊痰培养结果;I.诊疗延误时长;J.是否为单纯结核性胸膜炎。

, figureFileSmall=MhGS7gUuMchMzIytYy0q8w==, figureFileBig=p3lFy+DNHG4oJdsH/baXyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057513123139908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Recurrence of newly treated elderly TB patients in Kashgar Prefecture

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观察第n期初观察病例数(例)期内截尾例数(例)期内复发病例数(例)n年复发概率(%)n年累积复发率(%)
140 5272981 3213.273.27
238 9082 4412 4656.549.60
334 0022 6821 4384.4013.58
429 8824 4916142.2215.50
524 77711 0753181.6516.90
613 3844 7691351.2317.92
78 4804 978570.9518.70
83 4453 435100.5819.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513269940552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

喀什地区初治老年结核病患者复发情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
观察第n期初观察病例数(例)期内截尾例数(例)期内复发病例数(例)n年复发概率(%)n年累积复发率(%)
140 5272981 3213.273.27
238 9082 4412 4656.549.60
334 0022 6821 4384.4013.58
429 8824 4916142.2215.50
524 77711 0753181.6516.90
613 3844 7691351.2317.92
78 4804 978570.9518.70
83 4453 435100.5819.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513366409548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment of possible influencing factors for recurrence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
复发状态未复发=0,复发=1
性别女=0,男=1
现住地结核负担低=1,中=2,较高=3,严重=4
就诊方式主动方式=0;被动方式=1
治疗结局治愈=0,完成疗程=1
是否使用FDC否=0,是=1
初诊痰检结果阴性=0,阳性=1
初治两个月末痰检结果阴性=0,阳性=1
初诊痰培养结果阴性=0,阳性=1,无结果=2
诊疗延误时长(天)<30=0,≥30=1
是否为单纯结核性胸膜炎否=0;是=1
管理单位类型医院=0;疾病预防控制中心=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513475461457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

复发可能影响因素的赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
复发状态未复发=0,复发=1
性别女=0,男=1
现住地结核负担低=1,中=2,较高=3,严重=4
就诊方式主动方式=0;被动方式=1
治疗结局治愈=0,完成疗程=1
是否使用FDC否=0,是=1
初诊痰检结果阴性=0,阳性=1
初治两个月末痰检结果阴性=0,阳性=1
初诊痰培养结果阴性=0,阳性=1,无结果=2
诊疗延误时长(天)<30=0,≥30=1
是否为单纯结核性胸膜炎否=0;是=1
管理单位类型医院=0;疾病预防控制中心=1
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513546764627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of recurrence in newly treated elderly TB patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总数[n(%)]复发[n(%)]未复发[n(%)]χ2P
性别25.766<0.001
女性19 460(48.0)2 856(44.9)16 604(48.6)
男性21 067(52.0)3 502(55.1)17 565(51.4)
现住地结核病负担229.576<0.001
3 912(9.7)584(9.2)3 328(9.7)
7 002(17.3)996(15.7)6 006(17.6)
较高14 400(35.5)1 902(29.9)12 498(36.6)
严重15 213(37.5)2 876(45.2)12 337(36.1)
就诊方式519.242<0.001
被动方式21 011(51.8)4 320(67.9)16 691(48.8)
主动方式19 516(48.2)2 038(32.1)17 478(51.2)
治疗结局43.696<0.001
完成疗程32 495(80.2)5 494(86.4)27 001(79.0)
治愈8 032(19.8)864(13.6)7 168(21.0)
是否使用FDC47.247<0.001
5 215(12.9)659(10.4)4 556(13.3)
35 312(87.1)5 699(89.6)29 613(86.7)
初诊痰检结果49.259<0.001
阴性36 965(91.2)5 695(89.6)31 270(91.5)
阳性3 562(8.8)663(10.4)2 899(8.5)
初治两个月末痰检结果35.235<0.001
阴性40 305(99.5)6 293(99.0)34 012(99.5)
阳性222(0.5)65(1.0)157(0.5)
初诊痰培养结果631.864<0.001
阴性10 168(25.1)698(11.0)9 470(27.7)
阳性4 748(11.7)484(7.6)4 264(12.5)
无结果25 611(63.2)5 176(81.4)20 435(59.8)
诊疗延误时长(天)136.508<0.001
<3019 895(49.1)2 663(41.9)17 232(50.4)
≥3020 632(50.9)3 695(58.1)16 937(49.6)
是否单纯结核性胸膜炎18.469<0.001
40 300(99.4)6 351(99.9)33 949(99.4)
227(0.6)7(0.1)220(0.6)
管理单位类型0.0330.856
医院16 339(40.3)2 453(38.6)13 886(40.6)
疾病预防控制中心24 188(59.7)3 905(61.4)20 283(59.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241057513634845017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036245107798316, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

初治老年结核病患者复发的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总数[n(%)]复发[n(%)]未复发[n(%)]χ2P
性别25.766<0.001
女性19 460(48.0)2 856(44.9)16 604(48.6)
男性21 067(52.0)3 502(55.1)17 565(51.4)
现住地结核病负担229.576<0.001
3 912(9.7)584(9.2)3 328(9.7)
7 002(17.3)996(15.7)6 006(17.6)
较高14 400(35.5)1 902(29.9)12 498(36.6)
严重15 213(37.5)2 876(45.2)12 337(36.1)
就诊方式519.242<0.001
被动方式21 011(51.8)4 320(67.9)16 691(48.8)
主动方式19 516(48.2)2 038(32.1)17 478(51.2)
治疗结局43.696<0.001
完成疗程32 495(80.2)5 494(86.4)27 001(79.0)
治愈8 032(19.8)864(13.6)7 168(21.0)
是否使用FDC47.247<0.001
5 215(12.9)659(10.4)4 556(13.3)
35 312(87.1)5 699(89.6)29 613(86.7)
初诊痰检结果49.259<0.001
阴性36 965(91.2)5 695(89.6)31 270(91.5)
阳性3 562(8.8)663(10.4)2 899(8.5)
初治两个月末痰检结果35.235<0.001
阴性40 305(99.5)6 293(99.0)34 012(99.5)
阳性222(0.5)65(1.0)157(0.5)
初诊痰培养结果631.864<0.001
阴性10 168(25.1)698(11.0)9 470(27.7)
阳性4 748(11.7)484(7.6)4 264(12.5)
无结果25 611(63.2)5 176(81.4)20 435(59.8)
诊疗延误时长(天)136.508<0.001
<3019 895(49.1)2 663(41.9)17 232(50.4)
≥3020 632(50.9)3 695(58.1)16 937(49.6)
是否单纯结核性胸膜炎18.469<0.001
40 300(99.4)6 351(99.9)33 949(99.4)
227(0.6)7(0.1)220(0.6)
管理单位类型0.0330.856
医院16 339(40.3)2 453(38.6)13 886(40.6)
疾病预防控制中心24 188(59.7)3 905(61.4)20 283(59.4)
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Multivariate analysis of recurrence in newly treated elderly TB patients

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特征βSEWald χ2PaHR(95%CI
性别(女性为参考)
男性0.1620.02540.715<0.0011.176(1.119~1.235)
现住地结核病负担(低为参考)
0.0300.0560.2890.5911.030(0.924~1.149)
较高-0.0580.0481.4260.2320.944(0.858~1.038)
严重0.3030.04740.729<0.0011.354(1.234~1.486)
就诊方式(被动方式为参考)
主动方式-0.4540.029247.854<0.0010.635(0.600~0.672)
治疗结局(完成疗程为参考)
治愈-0.4240.06246.976<0.0010.655(0.580~0.739)
是否使用FDC(否为参考)
0.1220.0476.7090.0101.130(1.030~1.239)
初诊痰检结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.6050.06295.127<0.0011.831(1.622~2.068)
初治两个月末痰检结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.8020.12839.360<0.0012.230(1.736~2.865)
初诊痰培养结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.4270.06641.481<0.0011.533(1.346~1.745)
无结果0.7120.043279.464<0.0012.037(1.874~2.215)
诊疗延误时长(<30天为参考)
≥300.1180.03213.674<0.0011.126(1.057~1.198)
是否为单纯结核性胸膜炎(否为参考)
-1.5820.37917.462<0.0010.206(0.098~0.432)
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初治老年结核病患者复发的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征βSEWald χ2PaHR(95%CI
性别(女性为参考)
男性0.1620.02540.715<0.0011.176(1.119~1.235)
现住地结核病负担(低为参考)
0.0300.0560.2890.5911.030(0.924~1.149)
较高-0.0580.0481.4260.2320.944(0.858~1.038)
严重0.3030.04740.729<0.0011.354(1.234~1.486)
就诊方式(被动方式为参考)
主动方式-0.4540.029247.854<0.0010.635(0.600~0.672)
治疗结局(完成疗程为参考)
治愈-0.4240.06246.976<0.0010.655(0.580~0.739)
是否使用FDC(否为参考)
0.1220.0476.7090.0101.130(1.030~1.239)
初诊痰检结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.6050.06295.127<0.0011.831(1.622~2.068)
初治两个月末痰检结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.8020.12839.360<0.0012.230(1.736~2.865)
初诊痰培养结果(阴性为参考)
阳性0.4270.06641.481<0.0011.533(1.346~1.745)
无结果0.7120.043279.464<0.0012.037(1.874~2.215)
诊疗延误时长(<30天为参考)
≥300.1180.03213.674<0.0011.126(1.057~1.198)
是否为单纯结核性胸膜炎(否为参考)
-1.5820.37917.462<0.0010.206(0.098~0.432)
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2016—2022年新疆喀什地区初治老年结核病患者复发情况及影响因素分析
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买吾拉江·依马木 1 , 买日哈巴·卡米力 2 , 地尔木拉提·吐孙 1 , 克尤木·吾布力喀斯木 3 , 王艳杰 2 , 向阳 2 , 古力米娜·阿布力米提 1 , 彭孝旺 1 , 吐尔洪·阿布都热依木 1 , 麦迪努尔·卡米力 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(16): 2908-2913
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(16): 2908-2913
2016—2022年新疆喀什地区初治老年结核病患者复发情况及影响因素分析
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买吾拉江·依马木1, 买日哈巴·卡米力2, 地尔木拉提·吐孙1, 克尤木·吾布力喀斯木3 , 王艳杰2, 向阳2, 古力米娜·阿布力米提1, 彭孝旺1, 吐尔洪·阿布都热依木1, 麦迪努尔·卡米力4
作者信息
  • 1.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心,新疆 喀什 844099
  • 2.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.喀什地区结核病防治所
  • 4.新疆医科大学临床医学部
  • 买吾拉江·依马木(1987—),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向:结核病防治

通讯作者:

克尤木·吾布力喀斯木,E-mail:
Analysis of recurrence status and influencing factors among initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2016-2022
Maiwulajiang Yimamu1, Mairihaba Kamili2, Diermulati Tusun1, Keyoumu Wubulikasimu3 , Yan-jie WANG2, Yang XIANG2, Gulimina Abulimiti1, Xiao-wang PENG1, Tuerhong Abudureyimu1, Maidinuer Kamili4
Affiliations
  • Kashgar Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844099, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410519
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目的

分析喀什地区初治老年结核病患者成功治疗后的复发情况及影响因素,为防治结核病复发提供依据。

方法

以喀什地区2016—2022年治疗成功的40 527例≥60岁初治结核病患者为研究对象,分析其截至2023年末的复发率,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行复发影响因素的单因素分析,组间比较采用log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归。

结果

纳入的40 527例研究对象中,截至2023年末复发6 358例,8年累积复发率为19.17%。Cox比例风险回归显示,男性(aHR=1.176,95%CI:1.119~1.235)、现住地结核病负担严重(aHR=1.354,95%CI:1.234~1.486)、初诊痰检结果为阳性(aHR=1.831,95%CI:1.622~2.068)、初治两个月末痰检结果为阳性(aHR=2.230,95%CI:1.736~2.865)、初诊痰培养结果为阳性(aHR=1.533,95%CI:1.346~1.745)、初治使用固定剂量复合制剂(aHR=1.130,95%CI:1.030~1.239)、诊疗延误时长≥30天(aHR=1.126,95%CI:1.057~1.198)是初治老年结核病患者复发的危险因素,而就诊方式为主动方式(aHR=0.635,95%CI:0.600~0.672)、治疗结局为治愈(aHR=0.655,95%CI:0.580~0.739)及单纯结核性胸膜炎(aHR=0.206,95%CI:0.098~0.432)是复发的保护因素。

结论

为减少初治老年结核病复发,应强化治疗后随访管理,对高危人群精准干预,加强公众健康教育,推动早发现、早治疗。

结核病  /  复发  /  Cox 比例风险回归  /  治疗成功
Objective

To analyze the recurrence status and influencing factors of initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients after successful treatment in Kashgar region, and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling tuberculosis recurrence.

Methods

A total of 40 527 Patients aged 60 and above who were initially treated for tuberculosis and successfully treated in Kashgar from 2016 to 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Their recurrence rate up to the end of 2023 was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate analysis of recurrence influencing factors, the log-rank test was used for inter-group comparison, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results Among the 40 527 study participants, 6 358 cases of recurrence were recorded by the end of 2023, with a total cumulative recurrence rate of 19.17%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that male gender (aHR=1.176, 95%CI: 1.119-1.235), severe tuberculosis burden in the current residence (aHR=1.354, 95%CI: 1.234-1.486), positive sputum test result at initial diagnosis (aHR=1.831, 95%CI: 1.622-2.068), positive sputum test result at the end of the second month of initial treatment (aHR=2.230, 95%CI: 1.736-2.865), positive sputum culture result at initial diagnosis (aHR=1.533, 95%CI: 1.346-1.745), and a diagnosis and treatment delay of 30 days or more (aHR=1.126, 95%CI: 1.057-1.198) were independent risk factors for recurrence in initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients. In contrast, active case-finding (aHR=0.635, 95%CI: 0.600-0.672), a cured treatment outcome (aHR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.580-0.739), and puretuberculous pleurisy (aHR=0.206, 95%CI: 0.098-0.432) were protective factors against recurrence.

Conclusion

To reduce the recurrence of initially treated elderly tuberculosis, it is necessary to strengthen follow-up and management after treatment, implement targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and enhance public health education to promote early detection and standardized treatment.

Tuberculosis  /  Recurrence  /  Cox proportional hazards regression  /  Successfully treated
买吾拉江·依马木, 买日哈巴·卡米力, 地尔木拉提·吐孙, 克尤木·吾布力喀斯木, 王艳杰, 向阳, 古力米娜·阿布力米提, 彭孝旺, 吐尔洪·阿布都热依木, 麦迪努尔·卡米力. 2016—2022年新疆喀什地区初治老年结核病患者复发情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2908 -2913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410519
Maiwulajiang Yimamu, Mairihaba Kamili, Diermulati Tusun, Keyoumu Wubulikasimu, Yan-jie WANG, Yang XIANG, Gulimina Abulimiti, Xiao-wang PENG, Tuerhong Abudureyimu, Maidinuer Kamili. Analysis of recurrence status and influencing factors among initially treated elderly tuberculosis patients in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2016-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (16) : 2908 -2913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410519
结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)是一种慢性呼吸道传染病[1],我国结核病负担位居全球第三位,其中新疆喀什地区始终位于我国前列[2-3]。老年人群由于身体机能下降、免疫力减弱,往往是结核病的易感人群,其感染、发病及复发情况更为严峻。近期研究表明,喀什地区结核患者复发率远高于我国其他地区,尤其是老年结核病患者的复发问题更为突出[4-6]。复发患者耐药率增高、病情变复杂,且相较于其他年龄段患者,老年复发患者更易出现疾病的迁延难愈和进一步扩散[7-9]。本研究分析2016—2022年喀什地区初治老年结核病患者截至2023年末的复发情况及影响因素,旨在为喀什地区结核病复发防治工作提供支持。
本研究数据从《结核病管理信息系统》系统中导出,是经匿名化处理的常规监测数据,不涉及伦理审查和知情同意。
喀什地区2016—2022年治疗成功的初治≥60岁结核病患者(排除信息错误或缺失、现住地非喀什地区等患者)。
“复发”是指之前有过抗结核治疗史,且在疗程结束后被判定为“成功治疗”(包括“治愈”或“完成疗程”),但后期又被重新登记为结核病[10]。本研究为了排除治疗不成功患者被误判的可能性,将“治疗成功”后六个月内就出现再次复发的患者视为治疗不成功患者[11]。“累积复发率”是指通过寿命表计算的累积复发概率,等于1减去患者在时间排序上未复发的概率连续乘积[12];“诊疗延误时长”是指从患者出现结核病相关症状或体征开始,到最终获得适当治疗之间所经历的时间间隔[4];现住地结核病负担以2016—2022年喀什地区各县市结核病年均发病率划分:<200/10 万为“低”;200~300/10万为“中”;300~400/10万为“较高”;>400/10万为“严重”。
采用回顾性队列研究方法,观察起点为研究对象初次完成治疗的时间点,观察终点为患者首次出现复发的时间点或2023年12月31日。到2023年12月31日仍未复发的患者被认为是截尾病例。
分别采用Excel 2016和SPSS 26.0进行数据整理与分析。通过计算自变量间的容差和方差膨胀因子判断变量共线性。寿命表法用于计算复发率,Kaplan-Meier法用于进行复发影响因素的单因素分析及绘制累积复发风险曲线,log-rank检验用于比较组间差异。通过绘制负对数的对数生存曲线图检验自变量是否符合比例风险假设。将单因素分析有统计学差异且符合比例风险假设的变量纳入基于Cox比例风险回归的多因素分析。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入了40 527例≥60岁的初治结核病患者,其中男性21 067例(52.0%)、女性19 460例(48.0%);大部分患者来源于结核病负担较高(35.5%)及严重(37.5%)的县市;21 011例(51.8%)患者被动就诊,其余9 516例(48.2%)为主动就诊。32 495例(80.2%)患者治疗结局为完成疗程,8 032 例(19.8%)患者治疗结局为治愈;35 312例患者(87.1%)在初治治疗过程中使用固定剂量复合制剂(Fixed-dose Combination,FDC),仅5 215例(12.9%)未使用FDC;初诊痰检结果、初治两个月末痰检结果及初诊痰培养结果为阳性患者分别为3 562例(8.8%)、222例(0.5%)和4 748例(11.7%);20 632例(50.9%)患者诊疗延误时长≥30天;仅227例(0.6%)为单纯结核性胸膜炎患者;患者初诊管理单位类型主要有医院(40.3%)和疾病预防控制中心(59.7%)。
40 527例研究对象中,截至2023年末复发6 358例,其中1年、2年、3年、5年及8年内累积复发例数分别为1 321例、3 786例、5 224例、6 156例和6 358例,累积复发率分别为3.27%、9.60%、13.58%、16.90%和19.17%,完成治疗后第二年内的复发概率最高,为6.54%。各观察年限内复发概率及累积复发率见表1
以研究对象性别、现住地结核病负担、就诊方式、初治治疗结局、初治FDC使用情况、初诊痰检结果、初治两个月末痰检结果、初诊痰培养结果、初治诊疗延误时长、单纯结核性胸膜炎情况及初治管理单位类型等11个因素为自变量,复发状态为因变量进行分析,变量赋值情况见表2。结果显示,除管理单位类型经log-rank检验P>0.05外,其余10个因素组间均有统计学差异,见表3
各自变量间容差均小于0.2、方差膨胀因子均大于5,已不存在显著共线性。此外,经检验发现变量均符合比例风险假设。将单因素分析有意义的10个变量纳入基于Cox比例风险回归的多因素分析,结果显示:男性、现住地结核病负担严重、初诊痰检结果为阳性、初治两个月末痰检结果为阳性、初诊痰培养结果为阳性、使用FDC、诊疗延误时长≥30天是初治老年结核病患者复发的危险因素,而就诊方式为主动方式、治疗结局为治愈及单纯结核性胸膜炎是复发的保护因素,见表4。对以上10个变量绘制累积复发风险曲线,结果表明,不同变量的累积复发风险存在差异,且其随时间的变化趋势也不尽相同,见图1
老年结核病患者成功治疗后的复发问题,是我国结核病防治工作中面临的重大挑战[13]。多项研究表明,不同地区的结核病复发率存在显著差异,且不同研究人群中,结核病复发的影响因素也不尽相同[14]。目前,针对初治老年结核病患者成功治疗后的复发相关深入性研究相对较少。本研究以结核病负担严重的喀什地区为现场,对初治老年结核病患者复发情况及其影响因素进行了探讨。
本研究结果显示,2016—2022年喀什地区治疗成功的初治老年结核病患者中截至2023年末复发6 358例,随访时间内总累积复发率为19.17%,远高于江苏省南通市[15]、北京市[6]等地区的初治肺结核患者累积发病率。喀什地区结核病的高复发率,可能与当地独特的气候条件、人口结构、社会经济状况以及医疗卫生资源密切相关,同时也可能与结核病高负担环境有关。在这种环境下,传染源广泛存在,使得治疗成功的人群更容易再次接触到结核杆菌,从而引发复发。此外,老年群体免疫功能普遍下降,这增加了外源性感染结核杆菌或原发病灶内源性“复燃”的机会。同时,高龄患者容易并发其他慢性疾病,如糖尿病或慢性肺炎,这些疾病会影响结核病的治疗效果,导致复发风险高于低龄患者[16]。因此,加大对喀什地区老年群体的公共卫生投入,完善结核病防治服务体系,具有重要意义。
复发影响因素分析结果表明,男性、现住地结核病负担严重、初诊痰检(或痰培养)结果为阳性、初治两个月末痰检结果为阳性、初治使用FDC、诊疗延误时长≥30天,是初治老年结核病患者复发的独立危险因素。与其他研究的结果一致[17-20]。不同性别的老年患者在生物学因素、行为习惯等方面存在差异,这可能导致男性更容易复发。例如,男性更倾向于吸烟、酗酒,吸烟会破坏肺部纤毛功能,为结核菌滋生创造条件,酗酒则会干扰肝脏对药物的代谢,影响抗结核药物的疗效,进而增大男性的复发风险[14]。患者在初诊时病原学结果呈阳性以及治疗两个月末痰涂片转阴延迟往往象征着该患者细菌载量更高、病情更严重以及治疗效果不理想,往往会增加后期内源性复发几率[21]。老年群体对结核病相关知识的知晓度和重视程度通常低于低龄群体,本研究中的大部分复发患者诊疗延误时长≥30天。诊疗延误意味着错失最佳治疗时机,肺部损害加重,治疗难度增加,这不仅会影响抗结核治疗的转归效果,还会增加后期复发风险[14]。FDC是一种包含两种或以上抗结核药物的复合型制剂,能够通过简化药物处方,提高患者的服药便利性和依从性,不少研究发现FDC能够显著提高患者疗效。然而,本研究却发现FDC的使用增加了初治老年结核病患者的复发风险,其背后的机制仍有待深入探索。
本研究结果显示,主动就诊、治疗结局为治愈及单纯结核性胸膜炎是复发的保护因素。主动筛查与健康体检等结核病筛查策略,是预防结核病再次复发的重要措施之一。初治治疗结局为治愈的患者相较于仅完成疗程的患者不易出现复发,这可能与治愈患者在治疗过程中达到了更高的治疗标准有关。对于单纯结核性胸膜炎,其病理生理学异常部分原因主要是超敏反应,其结核杆菌负荷量相对较低,且采用延长治疗方案,可能相对不易出现复发。
本研究有以下局限性:数据来源于《结核病管理信息系统》,可能存在记录不完整、不准确的情况,影响结果准确性;仅针对喀什地区患者,研究结果外推受限;仅针对已登记的病案信息进行分析,未能收集生活习惯、治疗依从性等其他关键信息。
综上,本研究分析了喀什地区初治老年结核病患者的复发情况,发现其8年累积复发率为19.17%,复发影响因素主要包括性别、现住地结核病负担、初治就诊方式、初治治疗结局、初治FDC使用情况、初诊痰检结果、初治两个月末痰检结果、初诊痰培养结果、诊疗延误时长、单纯结核性胸膜炎。研究结果提示,应加强对老年结核病患者治疗成功后的随访和管理,对复发的高危群体尽早开展针对性地干预措施。
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2025年第52卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410519
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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    1.喀什地区疾病预防控制中心,新疆 喀什 844099
    2.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.喀什地区结核病防治所
    4.新疆医科大学临床医学部

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克尤木·吾布力喀斯木,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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