Article(id=1241036244667396393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503082, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815698067, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815698067, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815698067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815698067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241036242561855785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815697565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840190562, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241138973712634305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241036242561855785, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2894, endPage=2899, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241036245393010989, articleId=1241036244667396393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prediction model of metabolic syndrome for railway workers based on machine learning algorithm, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To construct a prediction model for metabolic syndrome (Metabolic Syndrome, MetS) in railway employees based on machine learning algorithms (Machine Learning, ML) and evaluate the prediction performance.
Methods The time to the onset of metabolic syndrome was used as the outcome variable, with demographic characteristics and biochemical indicators as predictive variables. Univariate analysis was conducted to select predictive indicators. The study subjects were randomly divided into a training set and a test set in a 7:3 ratio. Cox proportional hazards regression, Random Forest (Random Survival Forest, RSF), and Gradient Boosting Machine (Gradient Boosting Machine, GBM) were used to build metabolic syndrome prediction models. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Area under curve, AUC), concordance index (C-index), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score. A risk calculator was created using the shiny package.
Results This study included 17 087 subjects and collected 28 indicators. Univariate analysis identified 22 statistically significant indicators. In the training set, the areas under the curve (area under the curve, AUC) of the prediction models constructed by Cox, RSF, and GBM were 0.870,0.938, and 0.891, respectively; C-index values were 0.853,0.935, and 0.843; sensitivity was 0.612,0.968, and 0.628; specificity was 0.933,0.742, and 0.994; accuracy was 0.678,0.788, and 0.703; F1 scores were 0.751,0.839, and 0.749.
Conclusion The RSF model outperformed the Cox model and the GBM model in predicting metabolic syndrome among railway employees, providing a scientific basis for early identification of metabolic syndrome and aiding in the implementation of primary prevention measures.
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目的 基于机器学习算法(Machine Learning,ML)构建铁路职工代谢综合征(Metabolic Syndrome,MetS)预测模型并对预测效果进行评价。
方法 以是否出现代谢综合征为结局变量,以人口学特征和生化指标为预测变量,采用单因素分析筛选出预测指标。将研究对象按7:3的比例随机划分成训练集和测试集,分别采用Cox比例风险回归、随机生存森林(Random Survival Forest,RSF)和梯度提升机(Gradient Boosting Machine,GBM)建立代谢综合征预测模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(Area under curve,AUC)、一致性指标(C-index)、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、F1分数评估模型性能。借助shiny程序包绘制风险计算器。
结果 本研究共纳入17 087名研究对象,共采集28项指标,单因素分析筛选出22个有统计学意义的指标。在训练集中,Cox、RSF和GBM模型构建的预测模型AUC分别为0.870、0.938和0.891;C-index分别为0.853、0.935和0.843;灵敏度分别为0.612、0.968和0.628;特异度分别为0.933、0.742和0.994;准确度分别为0.678、0.788和0.703;F1分数分别为0.751、0.839和0.749。
结论 RSF模型在预测铁路员工代谢综合征方面表现优于Cox模型和GBM模型,为早期识别代谢综合征提供了科学依据,并有助于推动一级预防措施的实施。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=yURQet3HLnSua0ahzGYLEg==, magXml=YBc7Oj+BVkJpW2NDeztAHA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=P+foC6JyEfJWxQ2tXvmUQA==, pdfFileSize=811283, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=uiuTHZ1QjXPWErS1CDG9Lg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VlX/ljv0pM0P8+ARtJOuVg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
吴琼(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生
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15(5): 60-66. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Advances in research on the correlation between perimenopause and metabolic syndrome, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057509507658639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, awardId=SJCX24_1556, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省研究生科研与实践创新项目(SJCX24_1556), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241057509612516250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, awardId=2024178, language=CN, fundingSource=中国铁路上海局集团有限公司科研计划(2024178), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241057504633876978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504638071284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, companyId=1241057504633876978, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241057504646459892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, companyId=1241057504633876978, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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ROC curves for the training and validation sets, figureFileSmall=cp3+Zxh2Yvk0eujeEEb3fg==, figureFileBig=iOMOtzmD3I3kHnGY1caJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057508350030646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
训练集和验证集ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=cp3+Zxh2Yvk0eujeEEb3fg==, figureFileBig=iOMOtzmD3I3kHnGY1caJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057508480054078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
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随机生存森林变量重要性分析, figureFileSmall=mwd3zN4QOZiMAWWt99625A==, figureFileBig=c0beOTfcRkbGbuAOJK+W+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057508710740817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of the general data between the metabolic syndrome group and the non-metabolic syndrome groups[n(%)/$\bar{x} \pm s$]
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| 变量 | 非MetS组(n=13 561) | MetS组(n=3 525) | t/Z/χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别,n(%) | | | | <0.01 |
| 男 | 9 424(69.49) | 3 427(97.30) | | |
| 女 | 4 137(30.51) | 98(2.70) | | |
| 年龄(岁) | 34.75±9.70 | 42.95±10.97 | 30.43 | 0.01 |
| 体重(kg) | 67.87±11.43 | 79.72±10.97 | 56.26 | <0.01 |
| 身高(cm) | 1.71(1.65,1.75) | 1.70(1.65,1.75) | 19.94 | <0.01 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 120.64±14.16 | 131.70±14.78 | 40.92 | 0.78 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 75.82±10.37 | 83.63±10.38 | 39.81 | <0.01 |
| FPG(mmHg) | 5.11±0.78 | 5.51±1.18 | 23.76 | <0.01 |
| TG(mmol/L) | 1.37±1.06 | 2.20±1.57 | 36.83 | <0.01 |
| TC(mmol/L) | 4.61±0.88 | 4.91±0.94 | 17.63 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.41±0.33 | 1.25±0.28 | -26.34 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.58±0.74 | 2.85±0.81 | 18.83 | <0.01 |
| HGB(g/L) | 146.89±18.10 | 154.75±16.62 | 23.36 | <0.01 |
| RBC(×1012/L) | 4.87±0.48 | 5.08±0.39 | 24.81 | <0.01 |
| WBC(×109/L) | 6.26±1.57 | 6.89±1.67 | 21.01 | <0.01 |
| ALT(U/L) | 22.72±17.18 | 31.15±20.83 | 24.78 | <0.01 |
| GGT(U/L) | 26.53±20.54 | 42.86±28.71 | 38.43 | <0.01 |
| STB(μmol/L) | 13.96±6.03 | 13.97±5.88 | 0.11 | 0.45 |
| TP(g/L) | 73.69±4.47 | 73.34±4.37 | -4.14 | 0.83 |
| ALB(g/L) | 46.10±3.13 | 45.87±3.15 | -3.76 | 0.56 |
| UA(μmol/L) | 322.37±88.81 | 368.58±90.10 | 27.44 | 0.25 |
| CR(μmol/L) | 72.11±33.26 | 78.41±40.57 | 9.54 | 0.02 |
| 工龄(年) | 20.34±11.19 | 26.55±10.31 | 29.87 | <0.01 |
| 吸烟,n(%) | | | | <0.01 |
| 是 | 4 723(34.83) | 1 988(56.40) | | |
| 否 | 8 838(65.17) | 1 537(43.60) | | |
| 饮酒,n(%) | | | 393.47 | <0.01 |
| 是 | 6 178(45.56) | 954(27.06) | | |
| 否 | 7 383(54.44) | 2 571(72.94) | | |
| 辛辣饮食,n(%) | | | 0.01 | 0.91 |
| 是 | 7 816(57.63) | 2 028(57.53) | | |
| 否 | 5 745(42.37) | 1 497(42.47) | | |
| 婚姻状况,n(%) | | | 88.92 | <0.01 |
| 未婚 | 2 425(17.88) | 397(11.26) | | |
| 已婚 | 11 136(82.12) | 3 128(88.4) | | |
| 文化程度,n(%) | | | 549.58 | <0.01 |
| 初中及以下 | 683(5.04) | 345(9.79) | | |
| 高中/中专 | 4 557(33.60) | 1 761(49.96) | | |
| 本科/大专 | 8 172(60.26) | 1 410(40.11) | | |
| 硕士及以上 | 140(1.03) | 9(0.26) | | |
| 工作班制,n(%) | | | 31.37 | <0.01 |
| 长白班 | 5 389(39.74) | 1 310(37.16) | | |
| 夜班 | 2 413(17.79) | 547(15.52) | | |
| 两班倒 | 3 223(23.77) | 894(25.36) | | |
| 其他 | 2 536(18.70) | 774(21.96) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241057508937233250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
代谢综合征组和非代谢综合征组一般资料比较[n(%)或$\bar{x} \pm s$]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 非MetS组(n=13 561) | MetS组(n=3 525) | t/Z/χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别,n(%) | | | | <0.01 |
| 男 | 9 424(69.49) | 3 427(97.30) | | |
| 女 | 4 137(30.51) | 98(2.70) | | |
| 年龄(岁) | 34.75±9.70 | 42.95±10.97 | 30.43 | 0.01 |
| 体重(kg) | 67.87±11.43 | 79.72±10.97 | 56.26 | <0.01 |
| 身高(cm) | 1.71(1.65,1.75) | 1.70(1.65,1.75) | 19.94 | <0.01 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 120.64±14.16 | 131.70±14.78 | 40.92 | 0.78 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 75.82±10.37 | 83.63±10.38 | 39.81 | <0.01 |
| FPG(mmHg) | 5.11±0.78 | 5.51±1.18 | 23.76 | <0.01 |
| TG(mmol/L) | 1.37±1.06 | 2.20±1.57 | 36.83 | <0.01 |
| TC(mmol/L) | 4.61±0.88 | 4.91±0.94 | 17.63 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.41±0.33 | 1.25±0.28 | -26.34 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.58±0.74 | 2.85±0.81 | 18.83 | <0.01 |
| HGB(g/L) | 146.89±18.10 | 154.75±16.62 | 23.36 | <0.01 |
| RBC(×1012/L) | 4.87±0.48 | 5.08±0.39 | 24.81 | <0.01 |
| WBC(×109/L) | 6.26±1.57 | 6.89±1.67 | 21.01 | <0.01 |
| ALT(U/L) | 22.72±17.18 | 31.15±20.83 | 24.78 | <0.01 |
| GGT(U/L) | 26.53±20.54 | 42.86±28.71 | 38.43 | <0.01 |
| STB(μmol/L) | 13.96±6.03 | 13.97±5.88 | 0.11 | 0.45 |
| TP(g/L) | 73.69±4.47 | 73.34±4.37 | -4.14 | 0.83 |
| ALB(g/L) | 46.10±3.13 | 45.87±3.15 | -3.76 | 0.56 |
| UA(μmol/L) | 322.37±88.81 | 368.58±90.10 | 27.44 | 0.25 |
| CR(μmol/L) | 72.11±33.26 | 78.41±40.57 | 9.54 | 0.02 |
| 工龄(年) | 20.34±11.19 | 26.55±10.31 | 29.87 | <0.01 |
| 吸烟,n(%) | | | | <0.01 |
| 是 | 4 723(34.83) | 1 988(56.40) | | |
| 否 | 8 838(65.17) | 1 537(43.60) | | |
| 饮酒,n(%) | | | 393.47 | <0.01 |
| 是 | 6 178(45.56) | 954(27.06) | | |
| 否 | 7 383(54.44) | 2 571(72.94) | | |
| 辛辣饮食,n(%) | | | 0.01 | 0.91 |
| 是 | 7 816(57.63) | 2 028(57.53) | | |
| 否 | 5 745(42.37) | 1 497(42.47) | | |
| 婚姻状况,n(%) | | | 88.92 | <0.01 |
| 未婚 | 2 425(17.88) | 397(11.26) | | |
| 已婚 | 11 136(82.12) | 3 128(88.4) | | |
| 文化程度,n(%) | | | 549.58 | <0.01 |
| 初中及以下 | 683(5.04) | 345(9.79) | | |
| 高中/中专 | 4 557(33.60) | 1 761(49.96) | | |
| 本科/大专 | 8 172(60.26) | 1 410(40.11) | | |
| 硕士及以上 | 140(1.03) | 9(0.26) | | |
| 工作班制,n(%) | | | 31.37 | <0.01 |
| 长白班 | 5 389(39.74) | 1 310(37.16) | | |
| 夜班 | 2 413(17.79) | 547(15.52) | | |
| 两班倒 | 3 223(23.77) | 894(25.36) | | |
| 其他 | 2 536(18.70) | 774(21.96) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241057509180502893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241036244667396393, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Three models prediction and evaluation indicators
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| 数据集 | 模型 | AUC | C-index | 灵敏度 | 特异度 | 准确度 | F1分数 |
|---|
| 训练集 | Cox | 0.870 | 0.853 | 0.612 | 0.933 | 0.678 | 0.751 |
| RSF | 0.938 | 0.935 | 0.968 | 0.742 | 0.788 | 0.839 |
| GBM | 0.891 | 0.843 | 0.628 | 0.994 | 0.703 | 0.749 |
| 验证集 | Cox | 0.866 | 0.849 | 0.612 | 0.928 | 0.679 | 0.751 |
| RSF | 0.937 | 0.967 | 0.965 | 0.726 | 0.776 | 0.828 |
| GBM | 0.890 | 0.849 | 0.611 | 0.923 | 0.676 | 0.749 |
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三种模型预测评价指标
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| 数据集 | 模型 | AUC | C-index | 灵敏度 | 特异度 | 准确度 | F1分数 |
|---|
| 训练集 | Cox | 0.870 | 0.853 | 0.612 | 0.933 | 0.678 | 0.751 |
| RSF | 0.938 | 0.935 | 0.968 | 0.742 | 0.788 | 0.839 |
| GBM | 0.891 | 0.843 | 0.628 | 0.994 | 0.703 | 0.749 |
| 验证集 | Cox | 0.866 | 0.849 | 0.612 | 0.928 | 0.679 | 0.751 |
| RSF | 0.937 | 0.967 | 0.965 | 0.726 | 0.776 | 0.828 |
| GBM | 0.890 | 0.849 | 0.611 | 0.923 | 0.676 | 0.749 |
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