Article(id=1241035816579944774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404185, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712851200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815596002, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815596002, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815596002, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815596002, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4405, endPage=4410, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035817385251165, articleId=1241035816579944774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of oral frailty in community-dwelling elderly populations, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling elderly individuals, providing evidence-based support for improving oral health and enhancing the quality of life in this population.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across nine databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library, from the establishment of the database until June 13, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant information, with data analysis performed using Stata 17.0.

Results

A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 32 655 elderly participants. The prevalence of oral frailty (OF) in the community-dwelling elderly was 31.0% (95%CI: 22.6%-39.4%), while the prevalence of pre-oral frailty (pre-OF) was 55.0% (95%CI: 50.9%-59.0%). Subgroup analyses based on assessment tools, age, region, depression status, and living situation revealed the following: the prevalence using the Oral Frailty Index-5 (OFI-5) was 38.2% (95%CI: 35.6%-40.7%), the Oral Frailty Index-6 (OFI-6) was 18.5% (95%CI: 13.3%-23.7%), and the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was 47.2% (95%CI: 37.0%-57.4%); among elderly individuals living alone, the prevalence of OF was 22.1% (95%CI: 17.6%-26.6%) compared to 15.1%(95%CI: 12.4%-17.7%) for those not living alone; the prevalence of OF among depressed elderly individuals was 25.5%(95%CI: 6.6%-34.4%) versus 12.5% (95%CI: 8.1%-16.8%) for non-depressed individuals; the prevalence in Japan was 62.5% (95%CI: 61.1%-63.4%) compared to 44.3% (95%CI: 33.3%-55.4%) in China; and for the age group 60-69 years, the prevalence was 39.2% (95%CI: 35.1%-43.2%), while for those over 70 years, it was 54.6% (95%CI: 37.5%-71.1%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of OF among community-dwelling elderly individuals is notably high. Factors such as the assessment tool used (OFI-8), geographical location (Japan), age over 70, depression, living alone, and lower income are associated with a higher prevalence of OF. This indicates that healthcare professionals should prioritize oral health in the community elderly population, conduct early screenings, and implement relevant intervention measures to enhance the health status of elderly individuals in the community.

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目的

系统评价社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率,为改善社区老年人口腔健康、提高生活质量提供循证支持。

方法

自建库以来至2024年6月13日,对CNKI、VIP、CBM、WanFang Data、Web of Scince、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL和The Cochrane Library9个数据库进行系统检索。两名研究者独立筛选文献并提取信息,使用Stata 17.0进行相关数据分析。

结果

共26项研究符合纳入标准,包括32 655名老年人。社区老年人口腔衰弱(oral frailty,OF)患病率为31.0%(95%CI:22.6%~39.4%)、口腔衰弱前期(previous oral frailty,Pre-OF)患病率为55%(95%CI:50.9%~59.0%)。以评估工具、年龄、地区、是否抑郁、独居等进行亚组分析,结果显示:采用口腔衰弱指标筛查-5(Oral Frailty Index-5,OFI-5)的患病率为38.2%(95%CI:35.6%~40.7%)、口腔衰弱指标筛查-6(Oral Frailty Index-6,OFI-6)患病率为18.5%(95%CI:13.3%~23.7%)、口腔衰弱指标筛查-8(Oral Frailty Index-8,OFI-8)患病率为47.2%(95%CI:37.0%~57.4%);独居老年人OF患病率为22.1%(95%CI:17.6%~26.6%)、非独居老年人为15.1%(95%CI:12.4%~17.7%);抑郁老年人OF患病率为25.5%(95%CI:6.6%~34.4%)、非抑郁老年人为12.5%(95%CI:8.1%~16.8%);日本地区老年人OF患病率为62.5%(95%CI:61.1%~63.4%)、中国地区为44.3%(95%CI:33.3%~55.4%);60-69岁老年人OF患病率为39.2%(95%CI:35.1%~43.2%)、>70岁老年人为54.6%(95%CI:37.5%~71.1%)。

结论

社区老年人OF患病率较高,评估工具为OFI-8、日本地区、年龄>70、抑郁、独居、收入越低的老年人OF患病率相对更高。提示未来医务人员应重视关注社区老年人口腔健康,做到早期筛查并制定相关干预措施,以期提高社区老年人健康水平。

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吴冬梅E-mail:
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熊怡(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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熊怡(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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Oral frailty, appetite and dietary variety in late-stage older adults: A cross-sectional study[J].Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2024, 24(6): 626-633., articleTitle=Oral frailty, appetite and dietary variety in late-stage older adults: A cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133228471247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=371, pageEnd=377, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Iwasaki M, Shirobe M, Motokawa K, journalName=Geriatrics & Gerontology International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iwasaki M, Shirobe M, Motokawa K, et al. Prevalence of oral frailty and its association with dietary variety, social engagement, and physical frailty: Results from the Oral Frailty 5-Item Checklist[J].Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2024, 24(4): 371-377., articleTitle=Prevalence of oral frailty and its association with dietary variety, social engagement, and physical frailty: Results from the Oral Frailty 5-Item Checklist, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133303968720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=399, pageEnd=405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Takeuchi N, Sawada NN, Ekuni D, journalName=Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Takeuchi N, Sawada NN, Ekuni D, et al. Oral diadochokinesis is related to decline in swallowing function among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional study[J]. 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Gerodontology, 2018, 35(4): 317-324., articleTitle=Oral hypofunction in the older population: Position paper of the Japanese Society of Gerodontology in 2016, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133530461139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=69, issue=3, pageStart=278, pageEnd=283, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Von Wagner C, journalName=Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Von Wagner C. Internet use, social engagement and health literacy decline during ageing in a longitudinal cohort of older English adults[J]. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2015, 69(3): 278-283., articleTitle=Internet use, social engagement and health literacy decline during ageing in a longitudinal cohort of older English adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133601764308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=1064, pageEnd=1070, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Batchelor P, journalName=Age and Ageing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Batchelor P. The changing epidemiology of oral diseases in the elderly, their growing importance for care and how they can be managed[J]. Age and Ageing, 2015, 44(6): 1064-1070., articleTitle=The changing epidemiology of oral diseases in the elderly, their growing importance for care and how they can be managed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133673067477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=27, issue=30, pageStart=3810, pageEnd=3816, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=45, authorNames=乔婉婉, 田海萍, 敬洁, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=乔婉婉,田海萍,敬洁,等.老年人口腔衰弱患病率的Meta分析[J].中国全科医学202427(30):3810-3816., articleTitle=老年人口腔衰弱患病率的Meta分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133748564950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=27, issue=30, pageStart=3810, pageEnd=3816, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Qiao WW, Tian HP, Jing J, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiao WW, Tian HP, Jing J, et al. Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Oral Frailty in the Elderly[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(30): 3810-3816.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Oral Frailty in the Elderly, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133819868119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=378, issue=9796, pageStart=1106, pageEnd=1115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Ikegami N, Yoo BK, Hashimoto H, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ikegami N, Yoo BK, Hashimoto H, et al. Japanese Universal health coverage: evolution, achievements, and challenges[J]. Lancet, 2011,378(9796): 1106-1115., articleTitle=Japanese Universal health coverage: evolution, achievements, and challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133882782680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=7, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Hu DY, Hong X, Li X, journalName=International Journal of Oral Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu DY, Hong X, Li X. Oral health in China–trends and challenges[J]. International Journal of Oral Science, 2011, 3(1): 7-12., articleTitle=Oral health in China–trends and challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069133962474457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=18, pageStart=6851, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Qu XM, Qi X, Wu B, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qu XM, Qi X, Wu B. Disparities in dental service utilization among adults in Chinese megacities: do health insurance and city of residence matter?[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(18): 6851., articleTitle=Disparities in dental service utilization among adults in Chinese megacities: do health insurance and city of residence matter?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069134033777626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=524, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Nishide A, Fujita MSU, Sato Y, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nishide A, Fujita MSU, Sato Y, et al. Income-Related inequalities in access to dental care services in Japan[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14(5): 524., articleTitle=Income-Related inequalities in access to dental care services in Japan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069134105080795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=6, pageStart=576, pageEnd=585, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Li CF, Yao N, Yin AT, journalName=Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li CF, Yao N(, Yin AT. Disparities in dental healthcare utilization in China[J]. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2018, 46(6): 576-585., articleTitle=Disparities in dental healthcare utilization in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069121027240507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069121031434813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, companyId=1241069121027240507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 610075, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069121039823422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, companyId=1241069121027240507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都中医药大学护理学院,四川 成都 610075)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069121148875335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069121153069642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, companyId=1241069121148875335, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 611730)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069125150241544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Literature screening process and results, figureFileSmall=Wr0MqrDNTPd5UvrYpoUGlw==, figureFileBig=QfCrDqD3zopOwNk33nI/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125267682062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程及结果, figureFileSmall=Wr0MqrDNTPd5UvrYpoUGlw==, figureFileBig=QfCrDqD3zopOwNk33nI/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125389316887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Forest plot of meta-analysis of prevalence of OF of older adults in community, figureFileSmall=fjJ30veSnifTW2Coa7KW1g==, figureFileBig=CVLRmhLmX7GGT562er6vQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125515146014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=图2, caption=社区老年人OF患病率meta分析森林图, figureFileSmall=fjJ30veSnifTW2Coa7KW1g==, figureFileBig=CVLRmhLmX7GGT562er6vQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125620003617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Funnel plot of the prevalence of OF of older adults in community, figureFileSmall=S+x2KzHqVGv0mxUij+XgzQ==, figureFileBig=1v4esbWJhe1pwVFGeG2x5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125796164392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=图3, caption=社区老年人OF患病率漏斗图, figureFileSmall=S+x2KzHqVGv0mxUij+XgzQ==, figureFileBig=1v4esbWJhe1pwVFGeG2x5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125917799212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics and quality evaluation results of the included literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本信息年份(年)地区年龄(岁)总人数男女比OF人数Pre-OF人数OF患病率(%)评估工具文献质量
Daichi Hoshino[10]2021日本≥65481198/28310230021.20OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[11]2020日本≥701 054428/62621520.40OFI-67
Ya-Wen Kuo[12]2022中国≥7530877/23118660.40OFI-88
Sanae Hironaka[13]2020日本682267/415653809.50OFI-68
Ryo Komatsu[14]2021日本≥65380116/2645414.00OFI-67
Yuki Ohara[15]2020日本≥60722277/44513941319.30OFI-67
Haruhisa Baba[16]2022日本≥6021058/152178.10OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[17]2021日本≥701 082439/64322721.00OFI-67
Miyuki Nagatani[18]2023日本≥651 410714/69623872916.90OFI-67
Tomoki Tanaka [19]2018日本≥652 011994/1 0173191 00316.00OFI-66
Tomoki Tanaka[20]2023日本≥652 0311 007/1 02479939.30OFI-56
Ying-Chun Lin[21]2022中国≥651 100314/78618851920.70OFI-68
Yoshihiro Kugimiya[22]2020日本≥65679282/39715342022.50OFI-68
Masanori Iwasaki[23]2021日本≥70466191/2756714.40OFI-66
屠杭佳[24]2023中国≥6020492/1126933.80OFI-88
唐吉[25]2023中国≥601 298536/76258044.70OFI-88
王琳[26]2023中国≥60223103/12013259.20OFI-88
焦凌梅[27]2024中国≥65270139/1316825.19OFI-87
Yang Fei[28]2024中国≥60307158/1596521.20OFI-87
Daiki Watanabe[29]2024日本≥6511 3745 309/6 0657 12362.60OFI-86
Song Huizi[30]2024中国≥60409194/21516941.32OFI-87
Yin yueheng[31]2024中国≥60310150/16021469.00OFI-88
Naoto Kamide[32]2024日本≥6523756/18113054.90OFI-87
Jun Kawamura[33]2023日本≥651 474813/66120513.90OFI-66
Sayuri Nakagawa[34]2024日本≥752 7271 094/1 6331 20844.30OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[35]2024日本≥651 206580/62644336.70OFI-56
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126018462514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入研究的基本特征及质量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本信息年份(年)地区年龄(岁)总人数男女比OF人数Pre-OF人数OF患病率(%)评估工具文献质量
Daichi Hoshino[10]2021日本≥65481198/28310230021.20OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[11]2020日本≥701 054428/62621520.40OFI-67
Ya-Wen Kuo[12]2022中国≥7530877/23118660.40OFI-88
Sanae Hironaka[13]2020日本682267/415653809.50OFI-68
Ryo Komatsu[14]2021日本≥65380116/2645414.00OFI-67
Yuki Ohara[15]2020日本≥60722277/44513941319.30OFI-67
Haruhisa Baba[16]2022日本≥6021058/152178.10OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[17]2021日本≥701 082439/64322721.00OFI-67
Miyuki Nagatani[18]2023日本≥651 410714/69623872916.90OFI-67
Tomoki Tanaka [19]2018日本≥652 011994/1 0173191 00316.00OFI-66
Tomoki Tanaka[20]2023日本≥652 0311 007/1 02479939.30OFI-56
Ying-Chun Lin[21]2022中国≥651 100314/78618851920.70OFI-68
Yoshihiro Kugimiya[22]2020日本≥65679282/39715342022.50OFI-68
Masanori Iwasaki[23]2021日本≥70466191/2756714.40OFI-66
屠杭佳[24]2023中国≥6020492/1126933.80OFI-88
唐吉[25]2023中国≥601 298536/76258044.70OFI-88
王琳[26]2023中国≥60223103/12013259.20OFI-88
焦凌梅[27]2024中国≥65270139/1316825.19OFI-87
Yang Fei[28]2024中国≥60307158/1596521.20OFI-87
Daiki Watanabe[29]2024日本≥6511 3745 309/6 0657 12362.60OFI-86
Song Huizi[30]2024中国≥60409194/21516941.32OFI-87
Yin yueheng[31]2024中国≥60310150/16021469.00OFI-88
Naoto Kamide[32]2024日本≥6523756/18113054.90OFI-87
Jun Kawamura[33]2023日本≥651 474813/66120513.90OFI-66
Sayuri Nakagawa[34]2024日本≥752 7271 094/1 6331 20844.30OFI-67
Masanori Iwasaki[35]2024日本≥651 206580/62644336.70OFI-56
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126123320119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of subgroups of measurement tools

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
测量工具<0.001
OFI-614[10-11,13-19,21-23,33-34]<0.00198.53随机18.5(13.3,23.7)
OFI-810[12,24-32]<0.00198.75随机47.2(37.0,57.4)
OFI-52[20,35]0.13954.40固定38.2(35.6,40.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126223983417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测量工具亚组分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
测量工具<0.001
OFI-614[10-11,13-19,21-23,33-34]<0.00198.53随机18.5(13.3,23.7)
OFI-810[12,24-32]<0.00198.75随机47.2(37.0,57.4)
OFI-52[20,35]0.13954.40固定38.2(35.6,40.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126316258107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of OFI-6 subgroup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
独居0.008
4[11,15,19,23]0.02468.23随机22.1(17.6,26.6)
4[11,15,19,23]0.01571.41随机15.1(12.4,17.7)
抑郁0.010
4[11,15,19,23]<0.00187.21随机25.5(6.6,34.4)
4[11,15,19,23]<0.00192.96随机12.5(8.1,16.8)
收入(元)0.008
≤2 0004[11,17,19,23]0.00279.16随机20.2(16.7,23.6)
>2 0004[11,17,19,23]0.11649.28固定14.5(12.1,16.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126408532801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

OFI-6亚组分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
独居0.008
4[11,15,19,23]0.02468.23随机22.1(17.6,26.6)
4[11,15,19,23]0.01571.41随机15.1(12.4,17.7)
抑郁0.010
4[11,15,19,23]<0.00187.21随机25.5(6.6,34.4)
4[11,15,19,23]<0.00192.96随机12.5(8.1,16.8)
收入(元)0.008
≤2 0004[11,17,19,23]0.00279.16随机20.2(16.7,23.6)
>2 0004[11,17,19,23]0.11649.28固定14.5(12.1,16.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126534361926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816579944774, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis results of OFI-8 subgroup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
地区0.001
日本2[10,32]<0.00194.35随机62.5(61.1,63.4)
中国8[12,24-28,30-31]<0.00199.41随机44.3(33.3,55.4)
年龄(岁)<0.001
60~692[25-26]0.07369.00固定39.2(35.1,43.2)
≥702[25-26]<0.00191.00随机54.6(37.5,71.1)
收入(元)0.025
≤3 0002[26-27]<0.00197.60随机57.3(50.8,63.9)
>3 0002[26-27]0.04575.10随机30.4(25.2,35.6)
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OFI-8亚组分析结果

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组别纳入研究数异质性检验检验模型OF患病率(%,95%CI组间P
PI2(%)
地区0.001
日本2[10,32]<0.00194.35随机62.5(61.1,63.4)
中国8[12,24-28,30-31]<0.00199.41随机44.3(33.3,55.4)
年龄(岁)<0.001
60~692[25-26]0.07369.00固定39.2(35.1,43.2)
≥702[25-26]<0.00191.00随机54.6(37.5,71.1)
收入(元)0.025
≤3 0002[26-27]<0.00197.60随机57.3(50.8,63.9)
>3 0002[26-27]0.04575.10随机30.4(25.2,35.6)
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社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率系统综述Meta分析
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熊怡 1 , 郭梦佳 1 , 陶思路 1 , 吴冬梅 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(23): 4405-4410
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(23): 4405-4410
社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率系统综述Meta分析
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熊怡1, 郭梦佳1, 陶思路1, 吴冬梅2
作者信息
  • 1.成都中医药大学护理学院,四川 成都 610075
  • 2电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 611730
  • 熊怡(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

通讯作者:

吴冬梅E-mail:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of oral frailty in community-dwelling elderly populations
Yi XIONG1, Meng-jia GUO1, Si-lu TAO1, Dong-mei WU2
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 610075, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404185
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目的

系统评价社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率,为改善社区老年人口腔健康、提高生活质量提供循证支持。

方法

自建库以来至2024年6月13日,对CNKI、VIP、CBM、WanFang Data、Web of Scince、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL和The Cochrane Library9个数据库进行系统检索。两名研究者独立筛选文献并提取信息,使用Stata 17.0进行相关数据分析。

结果

共26项研究符合纳入标准,包括32 655名老年人。社区老年人口腔衰弱(oral frailty,OF)患病率为31.0%(95%CI:22.6%~39.4%)、口腔衰弱前期(previous oral frailty,Pre-OF)患病率为55%(95%CI:50.9%~59.0%)。以评估工具、年龄、地区、是否抑郁、独居等进行亚组分析,结果显示:采用口腔衰弱指标筛查-5(Oral Frailty Index-5,OFI-5)的患病率为38.2%(95%CI:35.6%~40.7%)、口腔衰弱指标筛查-6(Oral Frailty Index-6,OFI-6)患病率为18.5%(95%CI:13.3%~23.7%)、口腔衰弱指标筛查-8(Oral Frailty Index-8,OFI-8)患病率为47.2%(95%CI:37.0%~57.4%);独居老年人OF患病率为22.1%(95%CI:17.6%~26.6%)、非独居老年人为15.1%(95%CI:12.4%~17.7%);抑郁老年人OF患病率为25.5%(95%CI:6.6%~34.4%)、非抑郁老年人为12.5%(95%CI:8.1%~16.8%);日本地区老年人OF患病率为62.5%(95%CI:61.1%~63.4%)、中国地区为44.3%(95%CI:33.3%~55.4%);60-69岁老年人OF患病率为39.2%(95%CI:35.1%~43.2%)、>70岁老年人为54.6%(95%CI:37.5%~71.1%)。

结论

社区老年人OF患病率较高,评估工具为OFI-8、日本地区、年龄>70、抑郁、独居、收入越低的老年人OF患病率相对更高。提示未来医务人员应重视关注社区老年人口腔健康,做到早期筛查并制定相关干预措施,以期提高社区老年人健康水平。

老年人  /  口腔衰弱  /  系统评价  /  Meta分析
Objective

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling elderly individuals, providing evidence-based support for improving oral health and enhancing the quality of life in this population.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across nine databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library, from the establishment of the database until June 13, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant information, with data analysis performed using Stata 17.0.

Results

A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 32 655 elderly participants. The prevalence of oral frailty (OF) in the community-dwelling elderly was 31.0% (95%CI: 22.6%-39.4%), while the prevalence of pre-oral frailty (pre-OF) was 55.0% (95%CI: 50.9%-59.0%). Subgroup analyses based on assessment tools, age, region, depression status, and living situation revealed the following: the prevalence using the Oral Frailty Index-5 (OFI-5) was 38.2% (95%CI: 35.6%-40.7%), the Oral Frailty Index-6 (OFI-6) was 18.5% (95%CI: 13.3%-23.7%), and the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was 47.2% (95%CI: 37.0%-57.4%); among elderly individuals living alone, the prevalence of OF was 22.1% (95%CI: 17.6%-26.6%) compared to 15.1%(95%CI: 12.4%-17.7%) for those not living alone; the prevalence of OF among depressed elderly individuals was 25.5%(95%CI: 6.6%-34.4%) versus 12.5% (95%CI: 8.1%-16.8%) for non-depressed individuals; the prevalence in Japan was 62.5% (95%CI: 61.1%-63.4%) compared to 44.3% (95%CI: 33.3%-55.4%) in China; and for the age group 60-69 years, the prevalence was 39.2% (95%CI: 35.1%-43.2%), while for those over 70 years, it was 54.6% (95%CI: 37.5%-71.1%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of OF among community-dwelling elderly individuals is notably high. Factors such as the assessment tool used (OFI-8), geographical location (Japan), age over 70, depression, living alone, and lower income are associated with a higher prevalence of OF. This indicates that healthcare professionals should prioritize oral health in the community elderly population, conduct early screenings, and implement relevant intervention measures to enhance the health status of elderly individuals in the community.

Elderly  /  Oral frailty  /  Systematic review  /  Meta-analysis
熊怡, 郭梦佳, 陶思路, 吴冬梅. 社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率系统综述Meta分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4405 -4410 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404185
Yi XIONG, Meng-jia GUO, Si-lu TAO, Dong-mei WU. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of oral frailty in community-dwelling elderly populations[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4405 -4410 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404185
衰弱定义为“一种与年龄相关的,多种生理系统的储备和功能下降,导致应对日常生活或急性压力的能力受到损害的状态”[1]。研究表明,衰弱的发生风险随着年龄的增长而升高,并且与痴呆、骨折、失能等多种不良健康结果风险增加相关,已成为老年人主要死亡原因之一[2]
随着研究的不断深入,衰弱被发现具有多维度和多系统的性质,包括身体衰弱[3]、认知衰弱[4]、社会衰弱[5]等,其中身体衰弱与老年人健康结局密切相关。以往关于身体虚弱的研究主要集中于评估老年人肢体功能和身体活动等方面,忽视了口腔和吞咽功能等方面也会受到影响。研究显示衰弱与口腔健康状况之间存在双向联系,衰弱会影响老年人的口腔健康,口腔功能受损也与老年人衰弱风险增加密切相关,并且口腔健康可作为衰弱的预测因子[6]。在此背景下,研究者提出口腔衰弱(oral frailty,OF)来评估老年人口腔功能状况,OF被认为是身体虚弱的最早阶段之一,对OF进行早期筛查可以使身体衰弱的早期识别成为可能[7]
目前已有一些研究调查了社区老年人OF的患病率,但由于评估工具、调查地区等方面存在差异,相关研究得出的结果差异较大。因此有必要对社区老年人OF患病率进行系统评价与meta分析,综合评估OF的发生情况。本研究已在 PROSPERO 平台注册,注册号为:CRD42024598397。
纳入标准:(1)研究类型:横断面研究、队列研究(基线时的数据);(2)研究对象:年龄在60周岁及以上;(3)结局指标:OF患病率。OF患病率必须使用经过验证的测量工具或未经验证但具有良好信度和有效性的工具。评估工具OFI-6:≥3分为OF;1~2分为口腔衰弱前期(previous oral frailty,Pre-OF)。
排除标准:(1)无法获取患病率;(2)重复发表或数据重复;(3)语言非中英文。
两名研究者确定了“aged”“older” “elder”“oral frailty”“oral hypofunction”等英文检索词和“口腔衰弱”“口腔功能减退”“老年人”等中文检索词,检索了CNKI、VIP、CBM、Wan Fang Data、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL和The Cochrane Library 9个数据库,检索日期为建库至2024年6月13日。
将检索出的所有文献导入Endnote软件,筛除重复文献。严格根据纳入排除标准对剩余文献进行筛选,以确定是否纳入,最后对纳入的原始文献进行资料提取和交叉核对。整个过程均由两名研究者独立进行,如有争议与第三名研究者协商统一。
横断面研究偏倚风险评价采用美国卫生保健研究与质量机构(Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,AHRQ)推荐的评价标准[8],高质量:8~11分,中等质量:4~7分,低质量研究:0~3分。队列研究采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa scale, NOS),0~3分、4~6分、7~9分分别定为低、中、高质量研究[9]
使用Stata 17.0软件进行meta分析,计算OF患病率及95% 置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。采用χ2(检验水准为α=0.05)检验和I2检验异质性,I2为25%、50%、75%分别表示为低、中、高异质性。基于分析结果的异质性,采用固定效应或随机效应模型。使用亚组分析、敏感性分析探究异质性来源;采用漏斗图和Egger检验来评价是否存在发表偏倚。
共检索文献2 408篇,根据纳排标准逐层筛选,最终纳入26篇文献。具体文献筛选流程及结果见图1
共纳入26项研究,包括32 655名老年人,7项研究报告了Pre-OF患病率。所有研究均在亚洲国家(中国、日本)进行,其中9项研究来自中国,剩余研究(n=17)均来自日本,见表1
对纳入的26项研究进行meta分析,异质性检验结果为I2=99.66%,P<0.001,故采用随机效应模型,结果显示,老年人OF患病率为31.0%(95%CI:22.6%~39.4%),见图2。其中7项研究报告了Pre-OF患病率,异质性检验结果为I2=91.59%,P<0.001,采用随机效应模型,结果显示Pre-OF患病率为55%(95%CI:50.9%~59.0%)。
按照测量工具进行亚组分析,结果如表2所示,使用OFI-6、OFI-8、OFI-5的OF患病率分别为18.5%、47.2%、38.2%。由于各测量工具之间的患病率差异较大、异质性较高,因此选择将使用OFI-6、OFI-8的文献分别进行亚组分析,结果显示独居、抑郁、年龄较高、收入较低、日本地区的老年人OF患病率更高,各亚组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表34
采用逐一剔除单个研究的方法进行敏感性分析,结果显示合并患病率没有显著变化,提示本研究结果稳定性较好。采用漏斗图进行发表偏倚检验,各研究点左右分布对称性欠佳,结合Egger检验结果t=-1.99(P=0.06),提示存在发表偏倚的可能性较小。见图3
目前,OF定义暂未统一,其最早由日本在老年牙科领域提出,被认为是虚弱的早期阶段之一,表现出口腔功能的轻度下降,并伴有舌头功能下降、食物溢出和轻微窒息等症状[36]。随及TANAKA等[19]提出了OF的操作性定义为:累积口腔健康状况不佳,具体表现在牙齿数量减少、舌压、咀嚼和口腔运动功能降低、主观存在吞咽和咀嚼功能障碍六个方面,如果存在三个及以上降低,则可定义为存在OF。PARISIUS等[37]对OF的定义进行剖析和概念化后,将其定义为与年龄相关的口腔颌面部结构及功能衰退。
日本老年医学会将口腔功能分为健康期、口腔虚弱期、口腔功能减退期和功能障碍期四个阶段[38]。OF作为口腔功能下降的初期,除牙齿数量外,大多数OF成分都是可逆的[31]。本研究显示社区老年人Pre-OF患病率为55%,远高于OF患病率31%,提示医务人员需要尽早识别出老年人OF,及时干预口腔功能受损状态。
亚组分析显示,评估工具不同,OF患病率有所不同。使用OFI-6筛查的患病率为18.5%,低于OFI-5和OFI-8筛查出的患病率(38.2%、47.2%),这可能与评估工具所涉及的内容、侧重的领域有关。OFI-6包括主观评估和客观评估,其中客观评估的内容包括咀嚼能力、舌压、舌唇运动功能等需要专业的仪器设备进行评估,其筛查更加严格,OF检出率可能相对较低。OFI-5在OFI-6的基础上对客观领域的测量条目进行了简化,相较于OFI-6其OF检出率可能相对较高。OFI-8是基于自我报告问卷调查为主,对老年人口腔健康行为方面有所关注,这可能对培养老年人健康口腔习惯具有广泛的教育意义。目前对于OF筛查的工具暂未统一,OFI-6和OFI-8的使用相对更为广泛,研究者应根据调查需求选择合适的工具。OFI-6需要专业设备进行客观评估,可能难以用作大规模的筛查。OFI-8相较于OFI-6,评估更为简单方便,适合大规模调查社区老年人时使用,但其只能用做OF风险的筛查,无法作为OF的诊断工具[29]。OF作为一个较新的概念,其具体定义和评估工具还在不断丰富发展,未来研究应关注到OF的多方面内涵,制定出更为科学和方便使用的评估工具。
研究结果显示独居、抑郁的老年人,OF患病率更高,与以往研究结果一致[13,19],这可能是独居、抑郁的老年人群社会参与度较低、社交活动较少。有研究显示老年人社会功能的下降与其健康素养下降有关[39],口腔健康素养下降可能会导致口腔健康不良、牙齿脱落,出现口腔功能下降。此外,随着社交活动的下降,老年人交流沟通的机会减少可能也会导致舌压降低、舌头运动减慢,从而OF患病率更高[13]
研究结果显示,年龄越高OF患病率越高,这与以往研究结果一致[21]。OF为累积性病变,随着年龄的不断增长,口腔发生明显的增龄性变化,如牙体组织出现咬合磨损、牙髓室的宽度和高度明显缩窄、牙龈逐渐出现生理性萎缩、牙槽骨吸收,造成牙缝隙增宽和食物嵌塞等[40]。此外,年龄增长导致身体机能下降和日常生活功能受限,使得老年人难以保持口腔卫生和获得牙科服务,口腔健康恶化进一步加剧。
研究结果显示,日本相较于中国,OF患病率较高,与以往研究结果不一致[41],这可能与本研究纳入的原始文献日本人群年龄相对较高有关,未来可进一步在多地区探索各国老年人OF的患病情况。本研究结果也显示收入越高,老年人OF患病率越低。提示老年人口腔健康可能与地区经济发展、卫生保健体系等有关。日本经济水平较高且公共医疗体系发达,几乎覆盖了居民所需的所有牙科治疗费用[42]。尽管中国基本医疗保险结构性已覆盖90%的人口,但其中大多不包括口腔疾病,超过85%的牙科支出是自付费用[43]。目前,牙科服务利用率差异仍是一个全球性的挑战,各国在牙科服务利用率方面都存在地区间的不平等[44-45],与个人社会经济地位和居住城市等有关,这种不平等在老年群体中表现更为明显[46]。如何促进口腔保健服务体系平等以降低OF患病率,提高社区老年人口腔健康是目前各国亟需考虑的问题。
本研究的局限性:(1)OF这一概念较新,纳入的研究仅为亚洲地区,缺乏其他地区的研究结果,结果可能存在偏倚;(2)部分原始文献未提供亚组数据,使得进行亚组分析时能够纳入的文献数量较少,结果的可靠性会受到影响、部分亚组因素无法进行分析讨论;(3)本研究为单组率的 meta 分析,各研究间的异质性较大,即使进行亚组分析也未探清异质性来源。
综上所述,老年人OF患病率为31.0%,Pre-OF为55%。使用OFI-8、年龄≥70岁、抑郁、独居、收入较低、日本地区的老年人OF患病率相对更高。医疗卫生工作者应在老年人健康保健筛查中考虑到对于口腔功能的评估,尽早识别出OF,做到早期干预,以降低老年人总体健康下降风险,延长预期寿命和提高生活质量。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404185
  • 接收时间:2024-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-10
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    1.成都中医药大学护理学院,四川 成都 610075
    2电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 611730

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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