Article(id=1241035816105996980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406491, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719417600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815595890, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815595890, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815595890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815595890, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4355, endPage=4359, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035816454124235, articleId=1241035816105996980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain based on structural equation modeling, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationships among various influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain of the elderly(CMPE) based on structural equation modeling.

Methods

From November 2023 to June 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 510 hospitalized CMPE patients at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University for a questionnaire survey. Multiple linear stepwise regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in CMPE patients.

Results

The average cognitive function score of the 510 CMPE patients was (24.84±3.792). The SEM analysis revealed that chronic disease status, age, depression, and pain scores had negative direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of -0.422 (95%CI: -0.668 to-0.268), -0.357 (95%CI: -0.449 to -0.226), -0.146 (95%CI: -0.226 to -0.066), and -0.141 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively. Educational level and social support had positive direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of 0.201(95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313) and 0.148 (95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260). Among these, educational level, social support, and pain scores exhibited both direct and indirect effects on cognitive function, with total effect values of 0.243 (95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313), 0.175(95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260), and -0.160 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively.

Conclusion

Cognitive function in CMPE patients requires improvement. Medical institutions should conduct cognitive screenings and interventions early to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and delay the onset of dementia.

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目的

基于结构方程模型探讨老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(CMPE)患者认知功能各影响因素之间的关系。

方法

于2023年11月—2024年6月采用便利抽样选取在新疆医科大学第六附属医院住院的510例CMPE患者作为研究对象进行问卷调查,采用多元线性逐步回归和结构方程模型(SEM)分析CMPE患者认知功能的影响因素。

结果

510例CMPE患者认知功能总均分为(24.84±3.792)分,SEM显示慢病患病情况、年龄、抑郁和疼痛评分对认知功能具有负向直接效应,效应值分别为-0.422(95%CI:-0.668~-0.268)、-0.357(95%CI:-0.449~-0.226)、-0.146(95%CI:-0.226~-0.066)和-0.141(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084);文化程度和社会支持对认知功能具有正向直接效应,效应值为0.201(95%CI:0.179~0.313)和0.148(95%CI:0.096~0.260)。其中,文化程度、社会支持和疼痛评分对认知功能具有直接和间接效应,其总效应值分别为0.243(95%CI:0.179~0.313)、0.175(95%CI:0.096~0.260)和-0.160(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084)。

结论

CMPE患者认知功能有待改善,医疗机构应尽早进行认知筛查和干预,以降低认知障碍的发生风险和延缓痴呆。

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骆朝辉,E-mail:
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杨姣姣(1999—),女,硕士在读;研究方向:社区护理学

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Psychologies Magazine, 2024, 19(14): 64-66.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study of the relationship between psychological resilience and cognitive impairment in patients with first-episode depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069131374588868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=170, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=郑梅, 高莉玲, 高桦, journalName=神经疾病与精神卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑梅,高莉玲,高桦,等.抑郁症共病慢性疼痛患者焦虑情绪与疼痛强度,疼痛敏感性的相关性研究[J].神经疾病与精神卫生202424(3):170-176., articleTitle=抑郁症共病慢性疼痛患者焦虑情绪与疼痛强度,疼痛敏感性的相关性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069132850983878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=170, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Zheng M, Gao LL, Gao H, journalName=Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng M, Gao LL, Gao H, et al. 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Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 2024, 24(3): 170-176.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Correlation study of anxiety with pain intensity and pain sensitivity in patients with depression co-morbid chronic pain, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069126022656819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, awardId=2023D01C159, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01C159), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069119953498604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069119961887213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, companyId=1241069119953498604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069119970275821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, companyId=1241069119953498604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学护理学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069120075133433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069120083522042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, companyId=1241069120075133433, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069120200962564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069120205156869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, companyId=1241069120200962564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069124693062382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Initial SEM model of factors influencing cognitive function in CMPE with patients, figureFileSmall=odv1yCrGsjnz5Hn5/GGA9Q==, figureFileBig=hply4HVd0ETw2ns/fF7zfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069124781142770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=CN, label=图1, caption=CMPE患者认知功能影响因素的SEM, figureFileSmall=odv1yCrGsjnz5Hn5/GGA9Q==, figureFileBig=hply4HVd0ETw2ns/fF7zfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069124927943419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of CMPE patients [n=510,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数变量人数
年龄(岁)疼痛位点数量
60~69341(66.9)单位点疼痛207(40.6)
70~79134(26.3)多位点疼痛303(59.4)
80~8935(6.9)高血压
性别225(42.5)
169(33.1)285(53.8)
341(66.9)糖尿病
文化程度373(70.4)
小学及以下207(40.6)137(25.8)
初中158(31.0)消化系统疾病
高中及中专84(16.5)475(93.1)
大专科及以上61(12.0)35(6.9)
婚姻状况呼吸系统疾病
已婚451(88.4)470(88.7)
离异或丧偶59(11.6)40(7.5)
家庭月收入(元)多重用药
<1 00051(10.0)396(77.6)
1 000~3 000232(45.5)114(22.4)
3 000~5 000104(20.4)吸烟史
>5 000123(24.1)不吸烟374(73.3)
BMI(kg/m2吸烟64(12.5)
<18.522(4.3)戒烟72(14.1)
18.5~23.9116(22.7)饮酒史
24~27.9217(42.5)不饮酒371(72.7)
≥28153(30.0)饮酒71(13.9)
病程(年)戒酒68(13.3)
<5296(58.0)夜间睡眠时长(h)
5~1088(17.3)<522(4.3)
10~1580(15.7)5~6146(28.6)
>1546(9.0)6~7195(38.2)
疼痛部位>7147(28.8)
颈肩部及上肢83(16.3)自评睡眠质量
腰背部229(44.9)较好216(42.4)
胯部及下肢176(34.5)一般241(47.3)
其他22(4.3)较差53(10.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125024412416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CMPE患者基本情况[n=510,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数变量人数
年龄(岁)疼痛位点数量
60~69341(66.9)单位点疼痛207(40.6)
70~79134(26.3)多位点疼痛303(59.4)
80~8935(6.9)高血压
性别225(42.5)
169(33.1)285(53.8)
341(66.9)糖尿病
文化程度373(70.4)
小学及以下207(40.6)137(25.8)
初中158(31.0)消化系统疾病
高中及中专84(16.5)475(93.1)
大专科及以上61(12.0)35(6.9)
婚姻状况呼吸系统疾病
已婚451(88.4)470(88.7)
离异或丧偶59(11.6)40(7.5)
家庭月收入(元)多重用药
<1 00051(10.0)396(77.6)
1 000~3 000232(45.5)114(22.4)
3 000~5 000104(20.4)吸烟史
>5 000123(24.1)不吸烟374(73.3)
BMI(kg/m2吸烟64(12.5)
<18.522(4.3)戒烟72(14.1)
18.5~23.9116(22.7)饮酒史
24~27.9217(42.5)不饮酒371(72.7)
≥28153(30.0)饮酒71(13.9)
病程(年)戒酒68(13.3)
<5296(58.0)夜间睡眠时长(h)
5~1088(17.3)<522(4.3)
10~1580(15.7)5~6146(28.6)
>1546(9.0)6~7195(38.2)
疼痛部位>7147(28.8)
颈肩部及上肢83(16.3)自评睡眠质量
腰背部229(44.9)较好216(42.4)
胯部及下肢176(34.5)一般241(47.3)
其他22(4.3)较差53(10.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125133464326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis of factors affecting cognitive function in CMPE patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误标准化回归系数tP
年龄-2.4250.215-0.39311.285<0.001
文化程度0.7640.1300.2065.872<0.001
高血压-0.8110.263-0.106-3.0880.002
糖尿病-1.3690.295-0.160-4.633<0.001
疼痛评分-0.3540.089-0.136-3.971<0.001
抑郁-0.1920.047-0.144-4.088<0.001
社会支持0.0500.0130.1343.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125259293454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CMPE患者认知功能影响因素的多元线性逐步回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误标准化回归系数tP
年龄-2.4250.215-0.39311.285<0.001
文化程度0.7640.1300.2065.872<0.001
高血压-0.8110.263-0.106-3.0880.002
糖尿病-1.3690.295-0.160-4.633<0.001
疼痛评分-0.3540.089-0.136-3.971<0.001
抑郁-0.1920.047-0.144-4.088<0.001
社会支持0.0500.0130.1343.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125364151060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Model path coefficients

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路径非标准化路径系数C.R.标准化路径系数(95%CIP
慢病患病情况→高血压1.000----
慢病患病情况→糖尿病1.1440.3443.4210.349(0.205~0.506)<0.001
慢病患病情况→认知功能-8.7242.868-3.042-0.422(-0.668~-0.268)0.002
客观支持→社会支持1.000----
主观支持→社会支持1.4120.05824.4320.890(0.854~0.918)<0.001
对支持的利用度→社会支持0.5580.02720.3300.785(0.735~0.822)<0.001
年龄→认知功能-2.2310.317-7.044-0.357(-0.449~-0.226)<0.001
文化程度→认知功能0.7230.1395.1870.201(0.179~0.313)<0.001
疼痛评分→认知功能-0.3480.092-3.777-0.141(-0.239~-0.084)<0.001
抑郁→认知功能-0.1880.048-3.885-0.146(-0.226~-0.066)<0.001
社会支持→认知功能0.1700.0493.4870.148(0.096~0.260)<0.001
文化程度→社会支持0.7470.1534.8650.239(0.118~0.345)<0.001
疼痛评分→抑郁0.2520.0862.9150.131(0.040~0.216)0.004
社会支持→抑郁-0.1640.046-3.581-0.184(-0.286~-0.073)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125494174492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模型路径系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径非标准化路径系数C.R.标准化路径系数(95%CIP
慢病患病情况→高血压1.000----
慢病患病情况→糖尿病1.1440.3443.4210.349(0.205~0.506)<0.001
慢病患病情况→认知功能-8.7242.868-3.042-0.422(-0.668~-0.268)0.002
客观支持→社会支持1.000----
主观支持→社会支持1.4120.05824.4320.890(0.854~0.918)<0.001
对支持的利用度→社会支持0.5580.02720.3300.785(0.735~0.822)<0.001
年龄→认知功能-2.2310.317-7.044-0.357(-0.449~-0.226)<0.001
文化程度→认知功能0.7230.1395.1870.201(0.179~0.313)<0.001
疼痛评分→认知功能-0.3480.092-3.777-0.141(-0.239~-0.084)<0.001
抑郁→认知功能-0.1880.048-3.885-0.146(-0.226~-0.066)<0.001
社会支持→认知功能0.1700.0493.4870.148(0.096~0.260)<0.001
文化程度→社会支持0.7470.1534.8650.239(0.118~0.345)<0.001
疼痛评分→抑郁0.2520.0862.9150.131(0.040~0.216)0.004
社会支持→抑郁-0.1640.046-3.581-0.184(-0.286~-0.073)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125628392228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test of the mediating effect of factors influencing cognitive function

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径直接效应值(95%CI间接效应值(95%CI总效应(95%CI
文化程度→社会支持→认知功能0.201a(0.179~0.313)0.042a(0.018~0.079)0.243a(0.179~0.313)
社会支持→抑郁→认知功能0.148a(0.096~0.260)0.027b(0.009~0.055)0.175a(0.096~0.260)
疼痛评分→抑郁→认知功能-0.141a(-0.239~-0.084)-0.019b(-0.041~-0.006)-0.160a(-0.239~-0.084)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125804553001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035816105996980, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

认知功能影响因素的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径直接效应值(95%CI间接效应值(95%CI总效应(95%CI
文化程度→社会支持→认知功能0.201a(0.179~0.313)0.042a(0.018~0.079)0.243a(0.179~0.313)
社会支持→抑郁→认知功能0.148a(0.096~0.260)0.027b(0.009~0.055)0.175a(0.096~0.260)
疼痛评分→抑郁→认知功能-0.141a(-0.239~-0.084)-0.019b(-0.041~-0.006)-0.160a(-0.239~-0.084)
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基于结构方程模型的老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者认知功能影响因素分析
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杨姣姣 1 , 苏婉婷 1 , 骆朝辉 2, 3 , 董正惠 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(23): 4355-4359
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(23): 4355-4359
基于结构方程模型的老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者认知功能影响因素分析
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杨姣姣1, 苏婉婷1, 骆朝辉2, 3 , 董正惠2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学护理学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 2.新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 3.新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 杨姣姣(1999—),女,硕士在读;研究方向:社区护理学

通讯作者:

骆朝辉,E-mail:
Analysis of influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain based on structural equation modeling
Jiao-jiao YANG1, Wan-ting SU1, Zhao-hui LUO2, 3 , Zheng-hui DONG2
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406491
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目的

基于结构方程模型探讨老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(CMPE)患者认知功能各影响因素之间的关系。

方法

于2023年11月—2024年6月采用便利抽样选取在新疆医科大学第六附属医院住院的510例CMPE患者作为研究对象进行问卷调查,采用多元线性逐步回归和结构方程模型(SEM)分析CMPE患者认知功能的影响因素。

结果

510例CMPE患者认知功能总均分为(24.84±3.792)分,SEM显示慢病患病情况、年龄、抑郁和疼痛评分对认知功能具有负向直接效应,效应值分别为-0.422(95%CI:-0.668~-0.268)、-0.357(95%CI:-0.449~-0.226)、-0.146(95%CI:-0.226~-0.066)和-0.141(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084);文化程度和社会支持对认知功能具有正向直接效应,效应值为0.201(95%CI:0.179~0.313)和0.148(95%CI:0.096~0.260)。其中,文化程度、社会支持和疼痛评分对认知功能具有直接和间接效应,其总效应值分别为0.243(95%CI:0.179~0.313)、0.175(95%CI:0.096~0.260)和-0.160(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084)。

结论

CMPE患者认知功能有待改善,医疗机构应尽早进行认知筛查和干预,以降低认知障碍的发生风险和延缓痴呆。

老年人  /  慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛  /  认知功能  /  结构方程模型  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the relationships among various influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain of the elderly(CMPE) based on structural equation modeling.

Methods

From November 2023 to June 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 510 hospitalized CMPE patients at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University for a questionnaire survey. Multiple linear stepwise regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in CMPE patients.

Results

The average cognitive function score of the 510 CMPE patients was (24.84±3.792). The SEM analysis revealed that chronic disease status, age, depression, and pain scores had negative direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of -0.422 (95%CI: -0.668 to-0.268), -0.357 (95%CI: -0.449 to -0.226), -0.146 (95%CI: -0.226 to -0.066), and -0.141 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively. Educational level and social support had positive direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of 0.201(95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313) and 0.148 (95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260). Among these, educational level, social support, and pain scores exhibited both direct and indirect effects on cognitive function, with total effect values of 0.243 (95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313), 0.175(95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260), and -0.160 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively.

Conclusion

Cognitive function in CMPE patients requires improvement. Medical institutions should conduct cognitive screenings and interventions early to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and delay the onset of dementia.

Elderly  /  Chronic musculoskeletal pain  /  Cognitive function  /  Structural equation modeling  /  Influencing factors
杨姣姣, 苏婉婷, 骆朝辉, 董正惠. 基于结构方程模型的老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者认知功能影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4355 -4359 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406491
Jiao-jiao YANG, Wan-ting SU, Zhao-hui LUO, Zheng-hui DONG. Analysis of influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain based on structural equation modeling[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4355 -4359 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406491
老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(chronic musculoskeletal pain of the elderly , CMPE)是指发生在老年人群中,病程超过3个月的、以肌肉骨骼系统疼痛为主要表现的慢性疼痛综合征[1]。慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛持续且易复发,常导致身体活动减少,严重影响老年人的生活质量。研究表明,慢性疼痛会加速脑部老化,引起大脑结构和功能变化,增加罹患忧郁症、认知功能障碍的风险[2]。而目前关于CMPE患者认知功能的影响因素报道不一,相较于以往研究所采用的logistic回归分析、相关分析等,结构方程模型(structural equation model, SEM)可以同时考虑多个变量之间的复杂关系,结合了因子分析和多元回归分析的特点,在样本数据处理上更加灵活[3]。因此,本研究在基于SEM基础上探讨CMPE患者认知功能影响因素间的作用路径和机制,为维持CMPE患者晚年认知并降低痴呆风险提供参考依据。
2023年11月—2024年6月,采用便利抽样法,选取在新疆医科大学第六附属医院住院的CMPE患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合《老年人慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛管理中国专家共识(2023)》中的诊断标准[1];(2)年龄≥60岁;(3)意识清楚无沟通障碍。排除标准:(1)明确诊断为阿尔茨海默症者;(2)合并其他类型的慢性疼痛者;(3)严重器质性疾病无法配合者。本次调查共回收问卷523份,有效问卷510份,有效率为97.51%。本研究所有研究对象均知情同意,并经新疆医科大学第六附属医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:LFYLLSC20230829-09)。
调查表自行制定,内容包括(1)社会人口学资料:年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭月收入和身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI);(2)疾病相关资料:病程、疼痛部位、疼痛评分(numerical rating scale,NRS)、疼痛位点数量、慢病患病情况、是否多重用药;(3)生活方式:吸烟史、饮酒史、夜间睡眠时长和自评睡眠质量。本研究由两名经过统一规范化培训的调查员进行现场资料收集。
该量表包括注意力、记忆力、执行能力、语言能力、视空间技能、抽象思维、计算与定向能力8个维度,共计12个条目,总分为30分,得分越高表示认知功能越好。本研究中该量表的Cronbachα系数为0.805。
该量表包括近三个月饮食、食欲及体重变化情况、活动能力、精神创伤和BMI共6个条目,得分越高表示营养状况越好。该量表的Cronbachα系数为0.933[6]
该量表为单维结构,共9个条目,每个条目由4个选项组成,分别为“没有、有几天、一半以上时间和几乎每天”,分别对应0、1、2和3分,总分27分,≥5分为抑郁,得分越高表示抑郁程度越严重。本研究中该量表的Cronbachα系数为0.801。
该量表包含主观支持、客观支持和对支持的利用度三个维度,共10个条目,总分为66分,得分越高表示社会支持水平越高。本研究中该量表总的Cronbachα系数为0.841。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行统计描述,多因素分析采用多元线性逐步回归分析法。应用AMOS 28.0构建SEM,使用一般化最小平方法(generalized least squares,GLS)进行参数估计,检验水准α=0.05。中介分析采用bootstrap法。
共调查510例研究对象,平均年龄(67.82±6.425)岁。其中,男性169例(33.1%),女性341例(66.9%)。认知功能总均分(24.84±3.792)分;疼痛评分总均分(4.54±1.464)分;营养状况总均分(12.49±2.013)分;抑郁总均分(2.86±2.845)分;社会支持总均分(40.61±10.264)分。其他基本特征见表1
结果显示不同年龄、文化程度、高血压、糖尿病、疼痛评分、抑郁和社会支持的CMPE患者认知功能差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2
基于文献研究和多因素分析结果基础上构建SEM。本研究结果显示年龄、文化程度、高血压、糖尿病、疼痛评分、抑郁和社会支持是认知功能的影响因素,可直接影响认知功能。疼痛程度与认知功能呈负相关[9],而长期的慢性疼痛会增加抑郁风险,由此得出H1:疼痛评分→抑郁→认知功能。文化程度高的老年人思维和逻辑推理能力也较好,且更善于主动寻求支持[10],由此得出H2:文化程度→社会支持→认知功能。社会支持的提高与抑郁呈负相关[11],由此得出H3:社会支持→抑郁→认知功能。综上,本研究构建外源性潜变量并命名为慢病患病情况(高血压和糖尿病),以认知功能作为内源性观测变量,社会支持作为外源性潜变量,年龄、文化程度、疼痛评分和抑郁作为外源性观测变量构建模型。见图1
该模型适配指标:卡方自由度比值(χ2/v=3.348<5),近似误差均方根(RMSEA=0.068 <0.08),拟合优度指数(GFI=0.961>0.90),调整后拟合优度指数(AGFI=0.928>0.90),拟合效果较好。SEM结果显示慢病患病情况、年龄、抑郁和疼痛评分对认知功能具有负向直接效应,效应值分别为-0.422(95%CI:-0.668~-0.268)、-0.357(95%CI:-0.449~-0.226)、-0.146(95%CI:-0.226~-0.066)和-0.141(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084),文化程度和社会支持对认知功能具有正向直接效应,效应值为0.201(95%CI:0.179~0.313)和0.148(95%CI:0.096~0.260)。其中,文化程度、社会支持和疼痛评分对认知功能具有直接和间接效应,其总效应值分别为0.243(95%CI:0.179~0.313)、0.175(95%CI:0.096~0.260)和-0.160(95%CI:-0.239~-0.084)。见表34
本研究中CMPE患者认知功能总均分(24.84±3.792)分,低于宁波市海曙区社区老年人认知功能总均分(26.38±4.14)分[12]。其原因可能与本研究纳入的对象为慢性疼痛患者有关。研究显示,长期的慢性疼痛可能会增加大脑某些区域的中枢神经炎症,导致小胶质细胞功能障碍、神经网络活动改变和大脑结构改变;而注意能力的减弱又会对认知功能产生累积效应,加速认知功能的恶化[13]。因此,应加强对CMPE患者的疼痛管理,尽早进行认知筛查和干预,以提供全面预防策略。
慢病患病情况对认知功能的影响最大,其效应值为-0.422。原因可能与本研究中合并高血压和糖尿病的患者比例较高有关。高血压可能引起腔隙性梗死和白质损伤,导致海马损害和脑萎缩,从而影响认知功能[14]。而胰岛素抵抗或分泌不足,会影响胰岛素与脑组织中的胰岛素受体结合,参与调控乙酰胆碱转移酶的表达,影响认知功能[15]。由此,应重视患者多病管理需求,加强慢病的健康教育及指导。
年龄对认知功能的效应值为-0.357,低于唐倩如等[12]研究中年龄对认知功能的效应值-0.470,其原因可能与认知功能评估工具不同有关。老年人随着增龄大脑功能衰退,大脑结构以及神经营养因子的表达随之降低,易造成认知异常和减退。对此可通过优化和丰富患者休闲活动而激发思维,调节脑部血液供应以改善其认知。
文化程度和社会支持对认知功能的总效应值为0.243和0.175。本研究发现,文化程度越高的患者认知功能越好,与蓝雅婷[16]研究一致。文化程度越高的患者其神经元网络越发达,有助于延缓神经退行性疾病对认知功能的损害[17]。社会支持水平越高的患者认知功能越好,这与Zhang等[18]结果相似。社会支持水平高的患者,人际互动和认知刺激多,导致大脑的活跃性增强,从而表现出更好的认知能力[19]。本研究结果显示文化程度可通过社会支持对认知功能产生间接效应,其原因可能由于文化程度高更易获得尊重与支持,而社会地位也会导致其更有可能获得社会资源,因此更不易产生认知异常。此外,社会支持还可通过抑郁对认知功能产生间接效应,这与向京沙[20]研究相似。社会支持水平低的患者,其获得的社会支持有限,导致自我价值感较低,长期以往易造成心理状态失衡,甚至发展成抑郁,进而影响认知功能[21]。鉴于此,应重视患者社会支持的重要性,鼓励其多于外界接触和交流,充分发挥社交网络作用。
疼痛评分和抑郁对认知功能的总效应值分别为-0.160和-0.146。疼痛程度越高的患者认知功能越差,当个体经历高强度的疼痛时,参与决策、执行和情绪处理的内侧前额叶皮质需分配更多的资源来管理由疼痛产生的负面绪,导致认知方面表现不佳[22]。抑郁症状越严重,同型半胱氨酸水平会升高,进而影响额叶、海马等有关认知功能的区域产生兴奋性神经毒性,刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,从而影响认知功能[23]。本研究发现疼痛评分可通过抑郁对认知功能产生间接效应,与宋晓微等[9]研究一致。可能因为慢性疼痛会导致脑部与疼痛、情绪相关的区域结构和功能发生变化,影响情绪调节能力从而增加了抑郁症的发生风险[24]。对此可通过个性化疼痛管理方案和心理咨询服务增强患者的情绪调节能力。
综上,慢病患病情况、年龄、文化程度、社会支持、疼痛评分、抑郁和社会支持水平对CMPE患者的认知功能具有直接或间接影响,医疗机构应尽早进行认知筛查和干预,以降低认知障碍的发生风险和延缓痴呆。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01C159)
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2024年第51卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406491
  • 接收时间:2024-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-27
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01C159)
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    1.新疆医科大学护理学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
    2.新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    3.新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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