Article(id=1241035815481037079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714665600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815595741, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815595741, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815595741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815595741, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4238, endPage=4243, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035815892078886, articleId=1241035815481037079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Validation and revision of the simplified coping style questionnaire among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To verify the reliability and validity of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as “Aba Prefecture”) of Sichuan Province, and to make necessary revisions.

Methods

A total of 726 active firefighters from various fire brigades in Aba Prefecture were surveyed, and their demographic data were collected. The reliability and validity of the SCSQ was evaluated. The sample was randomly split into two halves, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the scale structure of this study and compare it with the original scale structure. The reliability was tested using Cronbach α coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient.

Results

EFA extracted two common factors with 19 items, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.53%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.523 to 0.827. CFA results indicated that the structural validity of the revised SCSQ was satisfactory. The total Cronbach α coefficient for the revised scale was 0.884, while the Cronbach α coefficients for the two dimensions were 0.927 and 0.860, respectively, with odd-even split reliability coefficients of 0.905 and 0.820.

Conclusion

The revised Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing the coping style tendencies of firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

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目的

验证简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州(简称阿坝州)消防员中使用的信效度,并进行修订。

方法

选取阿坝州下辖消防大队的现役消防人员726人进行调查,收集消防员的一般人口学资料等,对SCSQ的信效度进行评价。将样本随机分半,分别采用探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA)以及验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis, CFA)探索本研究的量表结构并与量表原有结构进行比较。使用Cronbach α系数和Spear Brown系数检验信度。

结果

EFA共提取2个公因子,包括19个条目,累积方差贡献率为56.53%,各条目的因子载荷为0.523~0.827。CFA结果显示,修订后的SCSQ的结构效度较好。修订后总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.884,两个维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.927和0.860,奇偶折半信度分别为0.905和0.820。

结论

修订后的简易应对方式问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为评估四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员压力应对方式倾向的有效工具。

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欧阳艾莅,E-mail:
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重竺君(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理健康

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重竺君(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理健康

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The marital quality and its relationship with stress coping styles in Uyghur families in Xinjiang[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2021.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The marital quality and its relationship with stress coping styles in Uyghur families in Xinjiang, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129470366158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=389, pageEnd=395, 412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=余悦, 王瑾, 张巧耘, journalName=环境与职业医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余悦,王瑾,张巧耘,等.我国职业人群“职业倦怠-工作投入连续体”5种状态分布及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学202340(4):389-395, 412., articleTitle=我国职业人群“职业倦怠-工作投入连续体”5种状态分布及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129579418067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=389, pageEnd=395, 412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Yu Y, Wang J, Zhang QY, journalName=Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Y, Wang J, Zhang QY, et al. Five profiles and influencing factors of burnout-engagement continuum in working populations of China[J].Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, 2023, 40(4): 389-395, 412.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Five profiles and influencing factors of burnout-engagement continuum in working populations of China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129667498452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=821, pageEnd=829, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=温忠麟, 叶宝娟, journalName=心理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=温忠麟,叶宝娟.测验信度估计:从α系数到内部一致性信度[J].心理学报201143(7):821-829., articleTitle=测验信度估计:从α系数到内部一致性信度, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129759773143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=821, pageEnd=829, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Wen ZL, Ye BJ, journalName=Acta Psychologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wen ZL, Ye BJ. Evaluating test reliability: from coefficient alpha to internal consistency reliability[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2011, 43(7):821-829.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Evaluating test reliability: from coefficient alpha to internal consistency reliability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129843659224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=张文彤, journalName=SPSS统计分析高级教程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文彤.SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069129927545304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zhang WT, journalName=Advanced course of SPSS statistical analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang WT. Advanced course of SPSS statistical analysis[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2004.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069124495921480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, awardId=62173069, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(62173069), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069124651110732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, awardId=2022-YF09-00023-SN, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市科技项目(2022-YF09-00023-SN), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069116333806474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069116342195084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, companyId=1241069116333806474, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069116346389389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, companyId=1241069116333806474, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069116459635609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069116472218523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, companyId=1241069116459635609, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西临床医学院/华西医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069116593853349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069116606436262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, companyId=1241069116593853349, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 610000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069121496994016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Screen plot of exploratory factor analysis on SCSQ (n=363), figureFileSmall=ZPjdwafq7C+KxTjdxuEQwQ==, figureFileBig=3J/ViQgfFSIS4/GlWO2A4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069121610240228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=图1, caption=简易应对方式问卷探索性因子分析碎石图(n=363), figureFileSmall=ZPjdwafq7C+KxTjdxuEQwQ==, figureFileBig=3J/ViQgfFSIS4/GlWO2A4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069121786401004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Confirmatory factor model of SCSQ (n=363), figureFileSmall=2U7dP/iocrI1sweFmJQ51A==, figureFileBig=RhnnbMnJUVlO9lqDUf2nhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069121878675700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=图2, caption=简易应对方式问卷的验证性因子模型(n=363)

注:Q1~Q20分别表示条目1~条目20;e1~e19均为残差项。

, figureFileSmall=2U7dP/iocrI1sweFmJQ51A==, figureFileBig=RhnnbMnJUVlO9lqDUf2nhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069121983533311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Social demographic characteristics of firefighters [n=726,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征结果
年龄(岁)28.1±4.6
性别
男性685(94.4)
女性41(5.6)
民族
藏族401(55.2)
汉族214(29.5)
羌族87(12.0)
其他24(3.3)
婚姻状况
已婚280(38.6)
未婚441(60.7)
离异5(0.7)
丧偶0(0)
受教育情况
初中及以下13(1.8)
高中(含中专)197(27.1)
本科(含专科)514(70.8)
硕士及以上2(0.3)
从事消防工作年限(年)
0~5522(71.9)
6~10100(13.8)
>10104(14.3)
消防救援衔等级
管理指挥干部67(9.2)
专业技术干部6(1.1)
消防员651(89.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069122063225091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

消防员社会人口学特征[n=726,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征结果
年龄(岁)28.1±4.6
性别
男性685(94.4)
女性41(5.6)
民族
藏族401(55.2)
汉族214(29.5)
羌族87(12.0)
其他24(3.3)
婚姻状况
已婚280(38.6)
未婚441(60.7)
离异5(0.7)
丧偶0(0)
受教育情况
初中及以下13(1.8)
高中(含中专)197(27.1)
本科(含专科)514(70.8)
硕士及以上2(0.3)
从事消防工作年限(年)
0~5522(71.9)
6~10100(13.8)
>10104(14.3)
消防救援衔等级
管理指挥干部67(9.2)
专业技术干部6(1.1)
消防员651(89.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069122151305481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The item analysis of SCSQ of firefighters (n=726)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目编号得分条目与对应维度的相关系数(r
11.37±0.950.704*
21.34±0.930.689*
31.85±1.000.794*
41.65±0.980.779*
51.40±1.020.669*
61.51±1.010.639*
71.76±0.960.825*
81.34±0.940.729*
91.55±0.910.833*
101.53±0.930.830*
111.85±0.990.710*
121.68±1.040.746*
131.37±0.980.595*
140.55±0.860.678*
150.64±0.830.761*
160.71±0.830.784*
170.46±0.690.693*
180.87±0.940.752*
190.53±0.790.773*
201.31±0.980.671*
), ArticleFig(id=1241069122239385872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

消防员简易应对方式问卷的项目分析(n=726)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目编号得分条目与对应维度的相关系数(r
11.37±0.950.704*
21.34±0.930.689*
31.85±1.000.794*
41.65±0.980.779*
51.40±1.020.669*
61.51±1.010.639*
71.76±0.960.825*
81.34±0.940.729*
91.55±0.910.833*
101.53±0.930.830*
111.85±0.990.710*
121.68±1.040.746*
131.37±0.980.595*
140.55±0.860.678*
150.64±0.830.761*
160.71±0.830.784*
170.46±0.690.693*
180.87±0.940.752*
190.53±0.790.773*
201.31±0.980.671*
), ArticleFig(id=1241069122331660567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The rotated factor matrix of SCSQ (n=363)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目编号因子一因子二
10.7160.168
20.7100.039
30.802-0.017
40.7650.072
50.6110.269
60.6170.205
70.8270.021
80.7140.182
90.8160.124
100.7950.143
110.707-0.099
120.7230.168
130.5230.421
140.0330.717
150.0880.805
160.1060.792
170.0850.744
180.1670.707
19-0.0080.818
200.4570.555
特征值7.8703.437
方差贡献率(%)39.39417.139
累积方差贡献率(%)39.39456.533
), ArticleFig(id=1241069122432323867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SCSQ旋转后因子载荷矩阵(n=363)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目编号因子一因子二
10.7160.168
20.7100.039
30.802-0.017
40.7650.072
50.6110.269
60.6170.205
70.8270.021
80.7140.182
90.8160.124
100.7950.143
110.707-0.099
120.7230.168
130.5230.421
140.0330.717
150.0880.805
160.1060.792
170.0850.744
180.1670.707
19-0.0080.818
200.4570.555
特征值7.8703.437
方差贡献率(%)39.39417.139
累积方差贡献率(%)39.39456.533
), ArticleFig(id=1241069123954856228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of fitting indexes of different models of SCSQ (n=363)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型拟合指标二因子结构(包含条目13)二因子结构(删除条目13)
χ2/v3.4123.243
IFI0.8950.910
CFI0.8950.909
TLI0.8810.897
RMSEA0.0820.079
ECVI1.8191.568
), ArticleFig(id=1241069124110045484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

简易应对方式问卷不同模型拟合指数结果(n =363)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型拟合指标二因子结构(包含条目13)二因子结构(删除条目13)
χ2/v3.4123.243
IFI0.8950.910
CFI0.8950.909
TLI0.8810.897
RMSEA0.0820.079
ECVI1.8191.568
), ArticleFig(id=1241069124219097396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Reliability analysis of total scale and different dimensions

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修订后项目Cronbach α系数Spear Brown系数
修订后SCSQ0.9080.681
积极应对0.9270.905
消极应对0.8600.820
), ArticleFig(id=1241069124302983485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035815481037079, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

量表各维度及总量表的信度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
修订后项目Cronbach α系数Spear Brown系数
修订后SCSQ0.9080.681
积极应对0.9270.905
消极应对0.8600.820
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简易应对方式问卷在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员群体中的信效度检验及修订
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重竺君 1 , 陈雪芮 1 , 王雨婷 2 , 杨凯茜 1 , 何宗岭 3 , 邱培媛 1 , 欧阳艾莅 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(23): 4238-4243
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(23): 4238-4243
简易应对方式问卷在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员群体中的信效度检验及修订
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重竺君1, 陈雪芮1, 王雨婷2, 杨凯茜1, 何宗岭3, 邱培媛1, 欧阳艾莅3
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西临床医学院/华西医院
  • 3.电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 610000
  • 重竺君(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理健康

通讯作者:

欧阳艾莅,E-mail:
Validation and revision of the simplified coping style questionnaire among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province
Zhu-jun ZHONG1, Xue-rui CHEN1, Yu-ting WANG2, Kai-xi YANG1, Zong-ling HE3, Pei-yuan QIU1, Ai-li OUYANG3
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405037
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目的

验证简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州(简称阿坝州)消防员中使用的信效度,并进行修订。

方法

选取阿坝州下辖消防大队的现役消防人员726人进行调查,收集消防员的一般人口学资料等,对SCSQ的信效度进行评价。将样本随机分半,分别采用探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA)以及验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis, CFA)探索本研究的量表结构并与量表原有结构进行比较。使用Cronbach α系数和Spear Brown系数检验信度。

结果

EFA共提取2个公因子,包括19个条目,累积方差贡献率为56.53%,各条目的因子载荷为0.523~0.827。CFA结果显示,修订后的SCSQ的结构效度较好。修订后总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.884,两个维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.927和0.860,奇偶折半信度分别为0.905和0.820。

结论

修订后的简易应对方式问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为评估四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员压力应对方式倾向的有效工具。

简易应对方式问卷  /  消防员  /  信度  /  效度  /  阿坝藏族羌族自治州
Objective

To verify the reliability and validity of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as “Aba Prefecture”) of Sichuan Province, and to make necessary revisions.

Methods

A total of 726 active firefighters from various fire brigades in Aba Prefecture were surveyed, and their demographic data were collected. The reliability and validity of the SCSQ was evaluated. The sample was randomly split into two halves, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the scale structure of this study and compare it with the original scale structure. The reliability was tested using Cronbach α coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient.

Results

EFA extracted two common factors with 19 items, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.53%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.523 to 0.827. CFA results indicated that the structural validity of the revised SCSQ was satisfactory. The total Cronbach α coefficient for the revised scale was 0.884, while the Cronbach α coefficients for the two dimensions were 0.927 and 0.860, respectively, with odd-even split reliability coefficients of 0.905 and 0.820.

Conclusion

The revised Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing the coping style tendencies of firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire  /  Firefighters  /  Reliability  /  Validity  /  Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
重竺君, 陈雪芮, 王雨婷, 杨凯茜, 何宗岭, 邱培媛, 欧阳艾莅. 简易应对方式问卷在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员群体中的信效度检验及修订. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4238 -4243 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405037
Zhu-jun ZHONG, Xue-rui CHEN, Yu-ting WANG, Kai-xi YANG, Zong-ling HE, Pei-yuan QIU, Ai-li OUYANG. Validation and revision of the simplified coping style questionnaire among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4238 -4243 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405037
消防员作为急救人员,在工作中经常暴露于多种心理创伤事件和慢性社会压力源[1],这增加了他们面临心理健康问题风险的可能性,包括抑郁、焦虑、倦怠、睡眠障碍、创伤后应激障碍甚至自杀等[2],消防员心理健康问题已经成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员长期身处于高原、寒冷的特殊自然环境,经常执行突发、紧张和高负荷的消防工作,加之阿坝州工作生活条件不便,可利用的心理健康与精神卫生资源较少,消防员容易出现焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题。应对方式与人们在遇到挫折或压力时所采取的认知、行为方式相对应[3]。既往研究表明,应对方式会影响个体的心理健康,积极应对方式能起到缓冲作用,有效减轻负性情绪,而消极应对方式则会造成多种负性情绪叠加,继而加重负性情绪[4-6]。对阿坝州消防员群体应对方式的评估,有助于探究其心理健康水平,开展针对性的心理健康服务,改善其心理健康状况,提高基层消防救援工作的效率。
国内外学者依据不同的理论构想编制了相应的应对方式量表,如Lazarus和Folkman[7]编制的应对方式量表(the ways of coping,WOC)、肖计划[8]编制的应对方式问卷(coping style questionnaire,CSQ)、解亚宁[9]编制的简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)等。其中,SCSQ考虑到我国人群的特征与文化特点,对国际上的应对方式量表进行了简化和调整,通过积极应对和消极应对这两个维度来评估个体的应对行为,能够揭示不同人群在应对策略上的特点以及这些策略与心理健康之间的联系[9],应用便捷、成本低。目前SCSQ在老年人、青少年、麻风病受累者等群体中的适用性已经得到验证[10-12],但尚未有研究评估SCSQ应用于消防员群体中的适用情况。然而如前所述,阿坝州消防员面临多种心理健康问题风险,这可能导致他们的应对方式发生改变。同时,SCSQ设置时未充分考虑少数民族地区消防员的生活工作环境与心理特点,因此,有必要在阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员群体中对SCSQ的信效度进行探究,以期为该地区消防员应对方式提供一个有效的测量工具。
四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州下辖13个地区,均设有消防队。本研究于2024年1月对阿坝州各消防队的千余名现役消防人员发放问卷,依托问卷星线上平台进行调查。研究的纳入标准为:(1)受访者为现役消防人员;(2)自愿参加该项目并签署知情同意书。排除标准为:(1)填写时长过短(<180 s);(2)有明显逻辑错误;(3)重复填写。研究最终回收问卷745份,其中有效问卷726份,有效率为97.45%。本研究获得四川大学华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会批准(伦理编号:Gwll2023248)。
研究采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,问卷主要包括三个部分:(1)社会人口学特征:包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、从事消防工作年限、消防救援衔等级等信息;(2)简易应对方式问卷。
简易应对方式问卷是解亚宁[9]等学者编制所得。SCSQ包括了20个条目,评价了个体对各种压力生活事件可能采取的态度与措施。量表维度可以分为积极应对和消极应对。SCSQ的每一个条目均使用李克特4级评分,“不”赋值为0,“偶尔”赋值为1,“有时”赋值为2,“经常”赋值为3,各维度条目得分分别加和可计算得到各维度总分。
在进行调查前,我们首先根据制定的纳入排除标准对研究对象进行选择,设置了问卷星的逻辑检查、必填问题和跳转问题;在调查过程中,我们使用了指导语以保证调查对象对问卷的理解一致;调查完成后,由两名研究人员独立对数据进行清洗和转录,以保证研究结果准确可靠。
正态分布的连续性变量用表示,分类变量数据用频数(%)表示。通过题总相关系数对SCSQ进行项目分析;使用结构效度进行效度评价。在进行结构效度评价前,先将数据随机分半,分别进行EFA和CFA。信度评价采用内部一致性Cronbach α系数和折半系数。数据均采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
研究对象的年龄范围为19~67岁,平均年龄是(28.1±4.6)岁。男性占94.35%,高于女性;藏族有401人,占55.2%,羌族87人,占12.0%;大多数未婚,占60.74%。调查对象中,拥有本科(含专科)学历的有514人,占70.80%。大部分的调查对象从事消防工作年限为0~5年,占71.9%。见表1
分析结果表明,SCSQ中的条目1~具体到条目13,它在积极应对维度的载荷是0.523,在消极应对维度的载荷是0.421,其余的条目在其所属12与相应维度得分之间的Pearson相关系数范围为0.639~0.830,条目13~20与所对应维度得分之间的Pearson相关系数范围为0.595~0.784,所有相关系数均具有统计学意义。各条目与总分的相关系数均>0.40,具统计学意义,因此没有条目被删除,全部进行因子分析。见表2
对样本1(n=363)进行EFA。首先,研究结果显示Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)值是0.926,Bartlett球形检验有统计学意义(χ2=4 005.53,P<0.001),表明该样本适合用因子分析的方法探索其结构效度。因此,进一步采用主成分分析、最大方差正交旋转法,并结合碎石图(图1)分析量表的因子构成和不同条目的因子归属。最终,研究提取出了两个特征值大于1的公因子,因子数量与原量表一致。
两个公因子累积解释了56.53%的总变异。各条目均在其中一个公因子上有较大载荷(>0.40)。但是,因子一积极应对维度中包含13个条目,相较于原量表的积极应对维度新增了条目13。因子二消极应对维度包含7个条目,与原量表相比去除了条目13。维度上的因子载荷范围介于0.555~0.827之间。见表3
对样本2(n=363)进行CFA的结果显示,条目13存在双重载荷。为了确定量表的最优结构,分别对两个二因子模型(即:包括条目13的模型和删除条目13的模型)进行了拟合,使用最大似然法对拟合指数进行估计。而用以评价模型拟合优度的指标包括了卡方与自由度之比(χ2/v)、估计误差均方根(RMSEA)、比较拟合指标(CFI)、增值拟合指数(IFI),以及Tucker-Lewis指数(TLI)等。模型拟合结果显示,删除条目13后的二因子结构模型IFI、CFI均>0.900,RMSEA<0.080。与原模型比较,删除条目13的二因子结构模型标准化回归系数处于0.59~0.82之间,均>0.40并有统计学意义,见图2;整体拟合更好(ECVI=1.568<1.819),并且拟合指标都达到了合理的适配标准,见表4
修订后SCSQ(即删除条目13)量表的Cronbach α系数是0.908,其积极应对因子的Cronbach α系数是0.927,消极应对因子的Cronbach α系数是0.860。采用奇偶折半的方法,将19个条目分成两个部分,然后计算Spear Brown系数(不等长)来评估折半信度,分析显示,2个维度的Spear Brown系数分别为0.905和0.820,总量表折半信度为0.681。见表5
SCSQ作为国内常用的应对方式测量工具,其特点是条目简洁、容易理解且信效度高[9-10]。但根据心理测量学的原则,将量表运用于不同特征的人群时,应该对其进行信效度检验[11]。目前,SCSQ已被应用到各个人群,如老年人[10]、青少年[13]、军人[14]、医护人员[15-16]、消防员[17-19]等,并在部分人群中进行了修订和信效度检验。朱宇航等[10]在老年人群体中对SCSQ进行了修订,删除了条目14,修订后的量表表现出良好的信度和效度。同时,SCSQ在不同民族人群中的应用也存在差异。刘茂玲[20]在针对新疆维吾尔族人群的研究中对SCSQ进行修订,结果仅保留了7个条目。而在消防员这一群体中,一方面,虽然大部分研究报告了SCSQ的内部一致性信度,但均未对SCSQ进行效度检验,存在实证力度不足的问题;另一方面,缺少关于少数民族聚集地区消防员压力应对方式的研究,SCSQ在其中的应用还需进一步验证。因此,由于这些地区消防员群体的特殊性,本研究针对阿坝州消防员进行SCSQ的信效度检验,研究结果表明,对阿坝州消防员使用SCSQ测量应对方式时,建议进行适当修订,修订后的量表删除了条目13“试图休息或休假,暂时把问题(烦恼)抛开”,由积极应对(第1~12条目)和消极应对(第14~20条目)形成了SCSQ-19。SCSQ-19具有良好的信度和效度。
研究的项目分析显示,SCSQ-19的每个条目得分与其对应维度得分的Pearson相关系数都>0.40,存在较强的线性关系,符合心理测量学的标准。在结构效度方面,本研究进行了EFA与CFA交互验证。采用EFA提取出了与原量表相同的两个公因子,即积极应对维度和消极应对维度。与原量表不同的是,条目13“试图休息或休假,暂时把问题(烦恼)抛开”的所属维度与原量表不同,从消极应对维度划分到了积极应对维度,这可能与不同文化、地域、职业背景以及样本量有关。在未来研究中需要进一步检验SCSQ各条目分类的合理性。同时本研究也在探索性分析的基础上进行了验证性因子分析,结果发现,删除条目13的二因子结构模型拟合更好,优于原量表二因子结构模型,因此可以将经修订的SCSQ-19视作具有良好的结构效度。这可能是由于被试消防员在选择时更侧重“试图休息或休假”,但受到特殊职业的性质影响,消防员的休息时间相对固定,为轮班工作制,无法自由选择相应的应对方式,使得休息和休假不具有积极或消极应对的属性倾向[21]
SCSQ-19的信度评价使用了Cronbach α系数和折半信度。信度系数越高,说明测量的结果越稳定和可靠[22]。总量表的Cronbach α系数>0.800、分量表的Cronbach α系数>0.700是当下大多学者认为量表信度很好的标准[23]。结果显示,SCSQ-19量表及分量表的Cronbach α系数均大于0.800,积极应对和消极应对因子的折半信度均大于0.800,可见量表具有良好的内部一致性。删除任一条目后信度未见提高,说明SCSQ-19可靠性较高。因此,SCSQ-19具有较好的信度。
综上所述,本研究对消防员的简易应对方式问卷进行修订后得到应用于阿坝藏族羌族自治州消防员的SCSQ-19,并证明其具有良好的信度和效度,能够有效地评估该地区消防员这一人群的压力应对方式,为后续阿坝州乃至其他藏族、羌族地区消防员的心理健康相关研究提供量表选择与运用的理论依据和实践基础。但本研究仅在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州以藏族、羌族为主要研究人群进行调查,样本代表性较为局限,不同地域、不同少数民族物质文化水平及相关政策存在差异,可能对量表的结果造成影响。同时,本研究为横断面研究,不能验证量表随时间变化的有效性和可靠性。因此,未来可以扩大SCSQ-19的使用范围,纳入更多少数民族地区的消防员,开展纵向随访追踪,进行进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(62173069)
  • 成都市科技项目(2022-YF09-00023-SN)
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2024年第51卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405037
  • 接收时间:2024-05-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-03
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国家自然科学基金项目(62173069)
成都市科技项目(2022-YF09-00023-SN)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西临床医学院/华西医院
    3.电子科技大学成都脑科学研究院临床医院,四川 成都 610000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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