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Article(id=1241035813337747718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408298, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723910400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815595230, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815595230, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815595230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815595230, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4373, endPage=4378, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035815573311769, articleId=1241035813337747718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trend changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangxi Province, and to grasp the trend changes in different time periods and populations, providing a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of HFMD epidemic prevention and control strategies.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of the monitoring data of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023 was conducted, and the Join point regression model was used to analyze the characteristics and trend changes in incidence by year and gender.

Results

From 2008 to 2023, a total of 2 281 severe cases were reported in Jiangxi Province, with laboratory-confirmed cases accounting for 73.26%. The proportion of severe cases decreased from 17.12‰ in 2010 to 0.15‰ in 2023 (APC = -34.74%). The peak incidence occurred from April to July, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1, primarily affecting children under three years old(86.45%). The overall trend in the proportion of severe cases among males and females was consistent, with both showing a year-on-year decline from 2010 to 2023; however, the average annual reduction was greater in females (37.86%) than in males(32.84%). EV-A71 was the dominant strain among laboratory-confirmed cases (79.89%), but the proportion of other enteroviruses significantly increased.

Conclusion

Since 2010, the incidence of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province has shown a year-on-year declining trend. EV-A71 remains the dominant pathogen, but it has not been detected since 2017; thus, there is a need to strengthen genetic typing of other enteroviruses in severe cases. Children under three years old are the key target for intervention, and targeted measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of infection in this population.

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目的

了解江西省重症手足口病流行特征和病原谱变化情况，掌握不同时间和人群的趋势变化特征，为手足口病疫情防控策略的制定和优化提供科学依据。

方法

对2008—2023年江西省重症手足口病监测数据进行描述性分析，采用joinpoint回归模型分析不同年份、性别发病特点和变化趋势。

结果

2008—2023年江西省共报告2 281例重症病例，实验室确诊占73.26%。重症比例由2010年的17.12‰降至2023年的0.15‰（APC=-34.74%）。4—7月高发，男性高于女性（2.13∶1），以3岁以下散居儿童为主（86.45%）。2008—2023年男性和女性重症比例总体变化趋势基本一致，其中2010—2023年均呈逐年下降趋势，但女性（37.86%）的年均降幅较男性（32.84%）大。EV-A71是实验室确诊病例优势毒株（79.89%），但其他肠道病毒占比明显增加。

结论

2010年以来，江西省重症手足口病疫情呈逐年下降趋势。EV-A71为优势病原，但2017年后未再检出，应加强重症病例中其他肠道病毒基因分型。三岁以下儿童是重症手足口病重点干预对象，应采取针对性措施降低人群感染风险。

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曾志笠，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ntdSGb0yu5ty0s90Tgg+fQ==, magXml=7sLk+Mhs0t4OtZBWLDjLkA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2rbCcETMidobFa4hY1O9wg==, pdfFileSize=1199982, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BiX7KcLn0sAu5JbEpHkQ7Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZxaNsAc9cnEEZe6hUI7Vcg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

金媛（1993—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：传染病流行病学

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language=CN, label=图6, caption=2008—2023年江西省不同月份重症HFMD分布情况, figureFileSmall=9EiEiFM9B4ojB+ZNdzWNvg==, figureFileBig=3aNfzrZ4BWaWxeM5g4Wyqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125620003621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035813337747718, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Distribution of pathogens in laboratory-confirmed severe HFMD cases in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023, figureFileSmall=wXqK/nucydMSegvCBdfd7g==, figureFileBig=GHPJrPrNTww7cIteWP2f1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125791970085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035813337747718, language=CN, label=图7, caption=2008—2023年江西省重症HFMD实验室确诊病例病原分布情况, figureFileSmall=wXqK/nucydMSegvCBdfd7g==, figureFileBig=GHPJrPrNTww7cIteWP2f1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125867467561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035813337747718, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of severe HFMD in different regions of Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区重症病例数构成比（%）
南昌40817.89
景德镇271.18
萍乡24110.57
九江1938.46
新余371.62
鹰潭1807.89
赣州1697.41
吉安1526.66
宜春50121.96
抚州1295.66
上饶24410.7
合计2 281100
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125938770734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035813337747718, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2008—2023年江西省不同地区重例HFMD分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区重症病例数构成比（%）
南昌40817.89
景德镇271.18
萍乡24110.57
九江1938.46
新余371.62
鹰潭1807.89
赣州1697.41
吉安1526.66
宜春50121.96
抚州1295.66
上饶24410.7
合计2 281100
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2008—2023年江西省重症手足口病流行特征及趋势变化分析
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金媛 1, 2 , 章承锋 1 , 潘欢弘 1, 2 , 张天琛 1, 2 , 刘海龙 1, 2 , 王媛 1, 2 , 曾志笠 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(23): 4373-4378
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(23): 4373-4378
2008—2023年江西省重症手足口病流行特征及趋势变化分析
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金媛1, 2, 章承锋1, 潘欢弘1, 2, 张天琛1, 2, 刘海龙1, 2, 王媛1, 2, 曾志笠1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.江西省疾病预防控制中心/江西省医学领先学科“流行病学”，重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室，江西 南昌 330029
  • 2.江西省疾病预防控制中心青年科研创新攻关团队，江西 南昌 330029

    • 金媛（1993—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：传染病流行病学

通讯作者:

曾志笠，E-mail:
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trend changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023
Yuan JIN1, 2, Cheng-feng ZHANG1, Huan-hong PAN1, 2, Tian-chen ZHANG1, 2, Hai-long LIU1, 2, Yuan WANG1, 2, Zhi-li ZENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Youth Scientific Research Innovation Team of Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408298
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摘要
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目的

了解江西省重症手足口病流行特征和病原谱变化情况，掌握不同时间和人群的趋势变化特征，为手足口病疫情防控策略的制定和优化提供科学依据。

方法

对2008—2023年江西省重症手足口病监测数据进行描述性分析，采用joinpoint回归模型分析不同年份、性别发病特点和变化趋势。

结果

2008—2023年江西省共报告2 281例重症病例，实验室确诊占73.26%。重症比例由2010年的17.12‰降至2023年的0.15‰（APC=-34.74%）。4—7月高发，男性高于女性（2.13∶1），以3岁以下散居儿童为主（86.45%）。2008—2023年男性和女性重症比例总体变化趋势基本一致，其中2010—2023年均呈逐年下降趋势，但女性（37.86%）的年均降幅较男性（32.84%）大。EV-A71是实验室确诊病例优势毒株（79.89%），但其他肠道病毒占比明显增加。

结论

2010年以来，江西省重症手足口病疫情呈逐年下降趋势。EV-A71为优势病原，但2017年后未再检出，应加强重症病例中其他肠道病毒基因分型。三岁以下儿童是重症手足口病重点干预对象，应采取针对性措施降低人群感染风险。

手足口病  /  重症  /  流行特征  /  趋势分析
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangxi Province, and to grasp the trend changes in different time periods and populations, providing a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of HFMD epidemic prevention and control strategies.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of the monitoring data of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023 was conducted, and the Join point regression model was used to analyze the characteristics and trend changes in incidence by year and gender.

Results

From 2008 to 2023, a total of 2 281 severe cases were reported in Jiangxi Province, with laboratory-confirmed cases accounting for 73.26%. The proportion of severe cases decreased from 17.12‰ in 2010 to 0.15‰ in 2023 (APC = -34.74%). The peak incidence occurred from April to July, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1, primarily affecting children under three years old(86.45%). The overall trend in the proportion of severe cases among males and females was consistent, with both showing a year-on-year decline from 2010 to 2023; however, the average annual reduction was greater in females (37.86%) than in males(32.84%). EV-A71 was the dominant strain among laboratory-confirmed cases (79.89%), but the proportion of other enteroviruses significantly increased.

Conclusion

Since 2010, the incidence of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province has shown a year-on-year declining trend. EV-A71 remains the dominant pathogen, but it has not been detected since 2017; thus, there is a need to strengthen genetic typing of other enteroviruses in severe cases. Children under three years old are the key target for intervention, and targeted measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of infection in this population.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease  /  Severe disease  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Trend analysis
金媛, 章承锋, 潘欢弘, 张天琛, 刘海龙, 王媛, 曾志笠. 2008—2023年江西省重症手足口病流行特征及趋势变化分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4373 -4378 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408298
Yuan JIN, Cheng-feng ZHANG, Huan-hong PAN, Tian-chen ZHANG, Hai-long LIU, Yuan WANG, Zhi-li ZENG. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trend changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4373 -4378 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408298
正文
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手足口病（hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD）是由肠道病毒引起、好发于5岁以下儿童的一种常见传染病[1-2]。大多数症状轻微病例在1～2周内恢复，但少数病例可出现严重的神经系统和心肺并发症，甚至死亡[2]。自2008年将HFMD纳入法定传染病管理以来，肠道病毒A71（EV-A71）和柯萨奇病毒A16（CV-A16）是引起HFMD感染的主要病原体[3]，其中EV-A71是导致重症（80%）和死亡最常见的病原体[4]。2013年后病原谱逐渐发生改变，由柯萨奇病毒A6（CV-A6）、柯萨奇病毒A10（CV-A10）和其他肠道病毒引起的HFMD发病水平上升，目前CV-A6已成为我国HFMD的主要病原体[5]。本研究系统描述了2008—2023年江西省重症HFMD的流行特征、病原谱构成及流行变化趋势，为江西省手足口病疫情防控策略的制定和优化提供参考。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 数据来源
按现住址和发病日期，从中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统导出2008—2023年江西省所有HFMD个案信息，筛出重症病例和死亡病例条目组成数据库。
1.2 病例定义
重症病例的诊断标准根据《手足口病诊疗指南（2010年版）》和《手足口病诊疗指南（2018年版）》[5]要求执行。
1.3 统计分析
采用Excel 2013软件建立数据库，使用R 4.3.2软件进行数据处理和统计分析。采用joinpoint 5.2.0软件分析2008—2023年江西省重症病例的趋势变化，统计量为年度变化百分比（annual percent change, APC）、平均年度变化百分比（average APC, AAPC）和95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）。AAPC用于评价全局平均变化趋势，而APC评价分段函数不同区间内部趋势；APC（AAPC）>0表示发病率（死亡率）呈上升趋势，反之递减。检验水准α=0.05。
2 结果
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2.1 流行情况
2008—2023年江西省共报告HFMD病例577 505例，其中重症2 281例，重症比例0.39%。2 281例重症病例中，实验室确诊1 671例，占73.26%，死亡126例，重症病死率为5.52%。Joinpoint回归分析显示，2008—2023年江西省HFMD重症比例总体变化趋势相对稳定（AAPC=-18.13%，95%CI：-40.14%～11.99%），年度变化趋势无统计学意义（t=-1.25，P=0.21）。以2010年为拐点，2010—2023年以34.74%速度逐年递减（APC=-34.74%，95%CI：-39.25%～-29.90%），差异有统计学意义（t=-13.11，P<0.001）。见图1、2。
2.2 人群分布
2.2.1 年龄分布
重症病例年龄范围在1～141个月之间，主要集中在3岁以下儿童，其中1岁（48.93%）、2岁（21.13%）和0岁（18.24%）年龄组占比居前三位，累积占88.30%。除2020—2022年的年龄构成较少外，其他年份年龄构成整体类似。见图3。
2.2.2 性别分布
2 281例重症病例中，男性1 553例，女性728例，男女性别比为2.13∶1。除2021—2022年外，其他年度男性占比均在60%及以上。Joinpoint回归分析表明，2008—2023年男性（AAPC=-16.04%，95%CI：-40.53%～18.54%）和女性（AAPC=-21.73%，95%CI：-39.90%～1.96%）重症比例总体变化趋势均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。其中2010—2023年男性（APC=-32.84%，95%CI：-37.60%～-27.70%）和女性（APC=-37.86%，95%CI：-41.99%～-33.44%）重症比例均呈逐年下降趋势，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），但女性的年均降幅较男性大。见图4、5。
2.2.3 职业分布
以散居儿童为主，2 153例，占94.39%，幼托儿童次之，116例，5.09%；其余为学生。每年散居儿童占比均在80%及以上，其中2018和2020—2022年均为100%。
2.3 时间分布
2008—2023年江西省重症HFMD发病呈明显季节性，除2020年外，其他年度发病高峰均集中在4—7月。大多数年份呈单峰分布，其中2008—2019和2023年发病高峰主要集中在4—7月，2020年在7—8月和11月，2021—2022年在7月。见图6。
2.4 地区分布
病例分布在11个设区市的96个县区，其中宜春市、南昌市、上饶市和萍乡市报告重症数占全部病例数的61.11%，分别为501、408、244和241例。除新余市发病高峰在2009年外，其他地市主要集中在2010—2014年，占比基本在80%以上。见表1。
2.5 病原学特征
2 281例HFMD重症病例中，检出肠道病毒阳性标本1 671份，阳性率为73.26%，其中EV-A71占79.89%（1 335/1 671），其他肠道病毒阳性占15.5%（259/1 671），CVA16阳性占4.61%（77/1 671）。不同年份病原构成略有差异，2008—2017年EV-A71为江西省重症HFMD的优势毒株，占比均在65%以上；2018—2023年未检出EV-A71，但其他肠道病毒占比明显增加，其中2021和2023年均为100%。见图7。
3 讨论
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呈先升后降趋势，于2010年前后达到峰值后迅速下降，可能与以下因素有关：一是HFMD纳入法定传染病管理后，各地采取了加强病例早期发现、诊断和报告，强化重点人群健康教育，开展手卫生、重点场所环境卫生管理等综合性的防控措施降低人群发病水平[6]；二是医务人员对疾病认识程度增加和医疗救治水平提升，以及重症病例救治方案不断完善和定点救治政策的实施[7]；三是2016年EV-A71灭活疫苗上市后，各年龄段HFMD病例的重症率和死亡率分别下降了62.2%和83.8%[8]，提示EV-A71灭活疫苗的大范围推广使用有效降低了目标人群的重症发生风险。
人群特征分析提示，2008—2023年江西省HFMD男性重症病例数是女性的2倍，发病年龄主要集中在3岁以下散居儿童，与南宁、重庆等[9-10]地区一致；提示低年龄、散居儿童是HFMD重症的危险人群，可能与免疫系统发育不成熟、幼儿园前阶段聚集等[2]因素有关。Joinpoint回归分析显示，2008—2023年江西省不同性别重症病例趋势变化存在差异，其中男性重症比例呈单调递减趋势，而女性呈先升后降趋势，可能与性格差异、个人卫生习惯等因素有关[9]。
2008—2023年江西省重症HFMD具有明显的季节性发病特征，发病时间集中在4—7月，大多数年份呈单峰分布，与南宁研究结果一致[9]，与其他地区[11]季节流行特征不同。发病地区集中在宜春、南昌和上饶等地市，可能与气象条件、地理环境、社会经济发展水平、人口密度和人员流动等[11-12]因素有关，与研究划分的HFMD负担重地区基本吻合[13]。
病原学监测结果显示，2008—2023年江西省重症HFMD实验室确诊病例中EV-A71检出占比高达79.89%，其他肠道病毒占比较低。从年份构成变化情况来看，2018年以前EV-A71为重症HFMD优势毒株，2018—2023年重症病例中未监测到EV-A71，而其他肠道病毒占比明显增加，与全国HFMD病原谱变化情况一致[3]。究其原因，一方面与EV-A71疫苗接种有关，研究表明EV-A71单价灭活疫苗可预防90%以上EV-A71感染相关的HFMD，但对CV-A16或其他血清型感染没有交叉保护作用[8]。另一方面与监测方案只要求检测3种常见病原体、新冠疫情期间实施的幼儿园停课和非药物干预措施等[14-15]因素有关。
综上所述，2008—2023年江西省HFMD重症病例和重症比例整体呈下降趋势，重症病例中男性高于女性、3岁以下散居儿童高发，发病时间集中在4—7月，发病地区主要在江西省北部的宜春、南昌和上饶等地市，建议在重点地区加强重点人群EV-A71疫苗接种和HFMD防治知识宣传，提高群体免疫覆盖率和防病知识素养。EV-A71为重症HFMD的主要病原体，但其他肠道病毒感染比例上升，建议各地结合本地实际开展其他肠道病毒其他型别检测工作，应对HFMD病原谱变化可能带来的防控压力。
基金
收起
  • 江西省卫生健康委科技计划(202311099; 202410487)
  • 江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2023B1397)
  • 江西省重点实验室计划项目(2024SSY06021)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
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黄礼庆，陆婉珠，刘虹兰，等.2012-2019年南宁市手足口病重症病例流行病学特征及危险因素分析[J].现代预防医学，2020，47（19）：3479-3482, 3548.
Huang LQ, Lu WZ, Liu HL, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of HFMD severe cases in Nanning, 2012-2019[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(19): 3479-3482, 3548.(In Chinese)
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Wang YH, Zhao H, Ou R, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) among children: a 6-year population-based study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20(1): 801.
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Huang R, Wei J, Li Z, et al. Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China[J]. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2021, 15(3): e0009210.
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2024年第51卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408298
  • 接收时间：2024-08-18
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-12-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-18
基金
江西省卫生健康委科技计划(202311099; 202410487)
江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2023B1397)
江西省重点实验室计划项目(2024SSY06021)
作者信息
    1.江西省疾病预防控制中心/江西省医学领先学科“流行病学”，重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室，江西 南昌 330029
    2.江西省疾病预防控制中心青年科研创新攻关团队，江西 南昌 330029

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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