Article(id=1241035812444360960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407463, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721923200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815595017, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815595017, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815595017, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815595017, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4398, endPage=4404, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035813186752772, articleId=1241035812444360960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The correlation between depression and angina pectoris and the analysis of mortality risk associated with comorbidity, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between depression and angina pectoris, as well as the mortality risk associated with their comorbidity, providing references for the treatment and prognostic management of angina pectoris patients.

Methods

Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018, data from 11 232 individuals aged 40 and older were analyzed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to investigate the relationship between depression and angina pectoris. Survival curves (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox regression models were employed to examine the differences in mortality risk among four groups.

Results

Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant risks of angina pectoris across various depression groups (mild depression group OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.48-2.20; moderate depression group OR=3.40, 95%CI: 2.62-4.42; severe depression group OR=5.16, 95%CI: 3.94-6.77), indicating that higher levels of depression correlate with greater risk of angina pectoris (W=151.93, P<0.001), suggesting that depression was a risk factor for angina pectoris. In the overall population, the dose-response relationship between the two exhibited a gradually decreasing slope, indicating an increasing trend in angina pectoris risk with worsening depression. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models demonstrated that the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group was higher than that in the depression-only and angina pectoris-only groups, even after adjusting for all potential confounding factors (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.77-3.12).

Conclusion

There is a significant correlation between depression and angina pectoris, with the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group being higher than in either the depression-only or angina pectoris-only groups. Future treatment of angina pectoris should also emphasize the assessment, prevention, and treatment of depression to improve long-term patient outcomes.

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目的

本研究旨在探讨抑郁症和心绞痛的关系及共病的死亡风险,为心绞痛患者治疗和预后管理提供参考。

方法

基于美国国家健康和营养调查数据库(NHANES)2009—2018年中11 232名≥40岁的中老年人群,采用logistic回归分析及限制性立方样条模型探讨抑郁症和心绞痛的关系。采用绘制生存曲线(K-M)法和Cox回归模型探讨4个组别死亡风险的差异。

结果

Logistic回归分析发现各抑郁组中心绞痛患病风险均有统计学意义(轻度抑郁组:OR=1.78,95%CI:1.48~2.20;中度抑郁组:OR=3.40,95%CI:2.62~4.42;重度抑郁组:OR=5.16,95%CI: 3.94~6.77),且抑郁程度越高心绞痛患病风险更高(W=151.93,P<0.001),提示抑郁是心绞痛的危险因素。总人群中两者的剂量-反应关系呈现斜率逐渐降低的递增曲线形状,随着抑郁程度加重,心绞痛患病风险呈增加趋势。K-M曲线和Cox回归模型显示,在调整了所有可能混杂因素后抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于抑郁症组和心绞痛组(HR=2.35,95%CI:1.77~3.12)。

结论

抑郁症与心绞痛之间存在显著相关关系,且抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于单纯抑郁症组和单纯心绞痛组。在今后治疗心绞痛的同时,应该重视抑郁症的评估、预防和治疗,以改善患者的长期预后。

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黄波,E-mail:
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刘琪(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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刘琪(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Depression and chronic diseases: Co-occurrence and communality of risk factors[J].Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018, 241: 461-468., articleTitle=Depression and chronic diseases: Co-occurrence and communality of risk factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069130279875492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=441, pageEnd=449, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Jia ZQ, Li S, journalName=International Journal of General Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia ZQ, Li S. Risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to depression and 14 common risk factors[J]. 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Aging& Mental Health, 2017, 21(10): 1065-1071., articleTitle=Living alone and depression: the modifying role of the perceived neighborhood environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069130460230569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Lau KK, Wong YK, Teo KC, journalName=PLOS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lau KK, Wong YK, Teo KC, et al. Stroke patients with a past history of cancer are at increased risk of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular mortality[J]. PLOS One, 2014, 9(2): e88283., articleTitle=Stroke patients with a past history of cancer are at increased risk of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular mortality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069130552505262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=128, issue=null, pageStart=4, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Almeida OP, Ford AH, Hankey GJ, journalName=Maturitas, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Almeida OP, Ford AH, Hankey GJ, et al.Depression, antidepressants and the risk of cardiovascular events and death in older men[J]. Maturitas, 2019, 128: 4-9., articleTitle=Depression, antidepressants and the risk of cardiovascular events and death in older men, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069126324646717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, awardId=2021JJ30592, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金课题面上项目(2021JJ30592), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069126408532799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, awardId=D202309037942, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省卫生健康委科研课题(D202309037942), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069119810892252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069119823475164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, companyId=1241069119810892252, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Nanhua University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069119840252386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, companyId=1241069119810892252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南 衡阳 421001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069124571427557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of screening the study population, figureFileSmall=3SfWLeJUkGsK5VM6+dXdlg==, figureFileBig=8DNvqH5VEPLlcwvEv+f96Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069124667896555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究人群筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=3SfWLeJUkGsK5VM6+dXdlg==, figureFileBig=8DNvqH5VEPLlcwvEv+f96Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069124789531380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Dose-response relationship between level of depression and risk of developing angina pectoris based on restrictive cubic spline analysis, figureFileSmall=LD57uBdq/B9NnO0Lqx++Rw==, figureFileBig=z82LFFoI81wASKAwaksoXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069124906971898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于限制性立方样条分析抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险之间的剂量-反应关系

注:A为总人群;B为按性别分层后人群。

, figureFileSmall=LD57uBdq/B9NnO0Lqx++Rw==, figureFileBig=z82LFFoI81wASKAwaksoXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125016023808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Distribution of survival in different populations, figureFileSmall=N7v1DAlVi+U5BZg29R66Kw==, figureFileBig=bwm0ENsJpxYjybecOh8uwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125129270022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同人群的生存分布, figureFileSmall=N7v1DAlVi+U5BZg29R66Kw==, figureFileBig=bwm0ENsJpxYjybecOh8uwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069125267682061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information on the study population [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计(n=11 232)心绞痛患病(n=664)心绞痛未患病(n=10 568)χ2/tP
年龄(岁)59.15±11.9859.11±11.3559.15±12.010.0060.937
BMI(kg/m229.57±6.6131.36±7.3029.46±6.5551.951<0.001
腰围(cm)101.82±15.55106.28±16.61101.54±15.4458.286<0.001
性别9.3510.002
男性5 535(49.28)289(43.52)5 246(49.64)
女性5 697(50.72)375(56.48)5 322(50.36)
种族18.4400.001
墨西哥裔美国人1 558(13.87)89(13.40)1 469(13.90)
其他西班牙裔1 166(10.38)74(11.14)1 092(10.33)
非西班牙裔白人5 055(45.00)265(39.91)4 790(45.33)
非西班牙裔黑人2 326(20.71)178(26.81)2 148(20.33)
其他种族1 127(10.04)58(8.74)1 069(10.11)
受教育程度71.268<0.001
高中及以下5 339(47.53)421(63.40)4 918(46.54)
大学及以上5 893(52.47)243(39.60)5 650(53.46)
家庭贫困指数比率178.533<0.001
<12 180(19.41)238(35.84)1 942(18.38)
1~22 987(26.59)220(33.14)2 767(26.18)
>26 065(54.00)206(31.02)5 859(55.44)
婚姻情况69.224<0.001
已婚6 507(57.93)292(43.98)6 215(58.81)
未婚951(8.47)68(10.24)883(8.36)
离婚1 646(14.66)128(19.28)1 518(14.36)
寡居1 209(10.76)85(12.80)1 124(10.64)
分居421(3.75)48(7.23)369(3.49)
和伴侣同住498(4.43)43(6.47)459(4.34)
是否吸烟54.528<0.001
吸烟5 426(48.31)413(62.20)5 013(47.44)
不吸烟5 806(51.69)251(37.80)5 555(52.56)
是否饮酒18.373<0.001
饮酒7 187(63.99)374(56.33)6 822(64.55)
不饮酒4 045(36.01)290(43.67)3 746(35.45)
糖尿病59.965<0.001
有糖尿病2 037(18.14)195(29.37)1 842(17.43)
无糖尿病9 195(81.86)469(70.63)8 726(82.57)
高血压122.517<0.001
有高血压5 409(48.16)458(68.98)4 951(46.85)
无高血压5 823(51.84)206(31.02)5 617(53.15)
抑郁程度484.927<0.001
无抑郁8 366(74.48)305(45.93)8 061(76.28)
轻度抑郁1 785(15.89)147(22.14)1 638(15.50)
中度抑郁629(5.60)104(15.66)525(4.96)
重度抑郁452(4.03)108(16.27)344(3.26)
生存状态17.568<0.001
存活9 923(88.35)553(83.28)9 370(88.66)
死亡1 309(11.65)111(16.72)1 198(11.34)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125359956755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总计(n=11 232)心绞痛患病(n=664)心绞痛未患病(n=10 568)χ2/tP
年龄(岁)59.15±11.9859.11±11.3559.15±12.010.0060.937
BMI(kg/m229.57±6.6131.36±7.3029.46±6.5551.951<0.001
腰围(cm)101.82±15.55106.28±16.61101.54±15.4458.286<0.001
性别9.3510.002
男性5 535(49.28)289(43.52)5 246(49.64)
女性5 697(50.72)375(56.48)5 322(50.36)
种族18.4400.001
墨西哥裔美国人1 558(13.87)89(13.40)1 469(13.90)
其他西班牙裔1 166(10.38)74(11.14)1 092(10.33)
非西班牙裔白人5 055(45.00)265(39.91)4 790(45.33)
非西班牙裔黑人2 326(20.71)178(26.81)2 148(20.33)
其他种族1 127(10.04)58(8.74)1 069(10.11)
受教育程度71.268<0.001
高中及以下5 339(47.53)421(63.40)4 918(46.54)
大学及以上5 893(52.47)243(39.60)5 650(53.46)
家庭贫困指数比率178.533<0.001
<12 180(19.41)238(35.84)1 942(18.38)
1~22 987(26.59)220(33.14)2 767(26.18)
>26 065(54.00)206(31.02)5 859(55.44)
婚姻情况69.224<0.001
已婚6 507(57.93)292(43.98)6 215(58.81)
未婚951(8.47)68(10.24)883(8.36)
离婚1 646(14.66)128(19.28)1 518(14.36)
寡居1 209(10.76)85(12.80)1 124(10.64)
分居421(3.75)48(7.23)369(3.49)
和伴侣同住498(4.43)43(6.47)459(4.34)
是否吸烟54.528<0.001
吸烟5 426(48.31)413(62.20)5 013(47.44)
不吸烟5 806(51.69)251(37.80)5 555(52.56)
是否饮酒18.373<0.001
饮酒7 187(63.99)374(56.33)6 822(64.55)
不饮酒4 045(36.01)290(43.67)3 746(35.45)
糖尿病59.965<0.001
有糖尿病2 037(18.14)195(29.37)1 842(17.43)
无糖尿病9 195(81.86)469(70.63)8 726(82.57)
高血压122.517<0.001
有高血压5 409(48.16)458(68.98)4 951(46.85)
无高血压5 823(51.84)206(31.02)5 617(53.15)
抑郁程度484.927<0.001
无抑郁8 366(74.48)305(45.93)8 061(76.28)
轻度抑郁1 785(15.89)147(22.14)1 638(15.50)
中度抑郁629(5.60)104(15.66)525(4.96)
重度抑郁452(4.03)108(16.27)344(3.26)
生存状态17.568<0.001
存活9 923(88.35)553(83.28)9 370(88.66)
死亡1 309(11.65)111(16.72)1 198(11.34)
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Assignment of values to the variables of the logistic regression model

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变量赋值情况
性别1=男性,2=女性
种族1=墨西哥裔美国人,2=其他西班牙裔,3=非西班牙裔白人,4=非西班牙裔黑人,5=其他种族
受教育程度1=高中及以下,2=大学及以上
家庭贫困指数比率1=<1,2= 1~2,3=>2
婚姻情况1=已婚,2=未婚,3=离婚,4=寡居,5=分居,6=与伴侣同住
吸烟1=是,0=否
饮酒1=是,0=否
糖尿病1=是,0=否
高血压1=是,0=否
抑郁程度1=无抑郁,2=轻度抑郁,3=中度抑郁,4=重度抑郁
心绞痛1=是,0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125620003619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

logistic回归模型各变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
性别1=男性,2=女性
种族1=墨西哥裔美国人,2=其他西班牙裔,3=非西班牙裔白人,4=非西班牙裔黑人,5=其他种族
受教育程度1=高中及以下,2=大学及以上
家庭贫困指数比率1=<1,2= 1~2,3=>2
婚姻情况1=已婚,2=未婚,3=离婚,4=寡居,5=分居,6=与伴侣同住
吸烟1=是,0=否
饮酒1=是,0=否
糖尿病1=是,0=否
高血压1=是,0=否
抑郁程度1=无抑郁,2=轻度抑郁,3=中度抑郁,4=重度抑郁
心绞痛1=是,0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125800358696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression modelling of the correlation between the degree of depression and the risk of developing angina pectoris

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
抑郁程度
无抑郁1.0001.0001.0001.000
轻度抑郁2.37(1.93~2.91)<0.0012.01(1.63~2.48)<0.0011.87(1.51~2.31)<0.0011.78(1.48~2.20)<0.001
中度抑郁5.24(4.12~6.65)<0.0013.95(3.06~5.09)<0.0013.63(2.80~4.71)<0.0013.40(2.62~4.42)<0.001
重度抑郁8.29(6.50~10.60)<0.0016.26(4.81~8.15)<0.0015.65(4.33~7.39)<0.0015.16(3.94~6.77)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069125921993517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险相关性的logistic回归模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标模型1模型2模型3模型4
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
抑郁程度
无抑郁1.0001.0001.0001.000
轻度抑郁2.37(1.93~2.91)<0.0012.01(1.63~2.48)<0.0011.87(1.51~2.31)<0.0011.78(1.48~2.20)<0.001
中度抑郁5.24(4.12~6.65)<0.0013.95(3.06~5.09)<0.0013.63(2.80~4.71)<0.0013.40(2.62~4.42)<0.001
重度抑郁8.29(6.50~10.60)<0.0016.26(4.81~8.15)<0.0015.65(4.33~7.39)<0.0015.16(3.94~6.77)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126026851122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cox regression analysis of the risk of death from depressive co-morbid angina pectoris

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标模型1模型2模型3
HR (95%CI)PHR (95%CI)PHR (95%CI)P
人群
健康组1.0001.0001.000
抑郁症组1.44(1.13~1.84)0.0031.25(0.98~1.60)0.0761.20(0.94~1.54)0.143
心绞痛组1.43(1.21~1.68)0.0011.34(1.14~1.58)<0.0011.32(1.12~1.55)0.001
抑郁共病心绞痛组2.88(2.18~3.81)<0.0012.45(1.85~3.25)<0.0012.35(1.77~3.12)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069126123320120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035812444360960, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

抑郁共病心绞痛死亡风险的Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标模型1模型2模型3
HR (95%CI)PHR (95%CI)PHR (95%CI)P
人群
健康组1.0001.0001.000
抑郁症组1.44(1.13~1.84)0.0031.25(0.98~1.60)0.0761.20(0.94~1.54)0.143
心绞痛组1.43(1.21~1.68)0.0011.34(1.14~1.58)<0.0011.32(1.12~1.55)0.001
抑郁共病心绞痛组2.88(2.18~3.81)<0.0012.45(1.85~3.25)<0.0012.35(1.77~3.12)<0.001
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
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抑郁症和心绞痛的相关性及共病的死亡风险分析
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刘琪 , 雷鹏渊 , 郭金晶 , 卿前程 , 黄波
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(23): 4398-4404
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(23): 4398-4404
抑郁症和心绞痛的相关性及共病的死亡风险分析
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刘琪, 雷鹏渊, 郭金晶, 卿前程, 黄波
作者信息
  • 南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 刘琪(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

黄波,E-mail:
The correlation between depression and angina pectoris and the analysis of mortality risk associated with comorbidity
Qi LIU, Peng-yuan LEI, Jin-jing GUO, Qian-cheng QING, Bo HUANG
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Nanhua University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407463
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目的

本研究旨在探讨抑郁症和心绞痛的关系及共病的死亡风险,为心绞痛患者治疗和预后管理提供参考。

方法

基于美国国家健康和营养调查数据库(NHANES)2009—2018年中11 232名≥40岁的中老年人群,采用logistic回归分析及限制性立方样条模型探讨抑郁症和心绞痛的关系。采用绘制生存曲线(K-M)法和Cox回归模型探讨4个组别死亡风险的差异。

结果

Logistic回归分析发现各抑郁组中心绞痛患病风险均有统计学意义(轻度抑郁组:OR=1.78,95%CI:1.48~2.20;中度抑郁组:OR=3.40,95%CI:2.62~4.42;重度抑郁组:OR=5.16,95%CI: 3.94~6.77),且抑郁程度越高心绞痛患病风险更高(W=151.93,P<0.001),提示抑郁是心绞痛的危险因素。总人群中两者的剂量-反应关系呈现斜率逐渐降低的递增曲线形状,随着抑郁程度加重,心绞痛患病风险呈增加趋势。K-M曲线和Cox回归模型显示,在调整了所有可能混杂因素后抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于抑郁症组和心绞痛组(HR=2.35,95%CI:1.77~3.12)。

结论

抑郁症与心绞痛之间存在显著相关关系,且抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于单纯抑郁症组和单纯心绞痛组。在今后治疗心绞痛的同时,应该重视抑郁症的评估、预防和治疗,以改善患者的长期预后。

抑郁症  /  心绞痛  /  死亡风险  /  NHANES
Objective

To explore the relationship between depression and angina pectoris, as well as the mortality risk associated with their comorbidity, providing references for the treatment and prognostic management of angina pectoris patients.

Methods

Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018, data from 11 232 individuals aged 40 and older were analyzed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to investigate the relationship between depression and angina pectoris. Survival curves (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox regression models were employed to examine the differences in mortality risk among four groups.

Results

Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant risks of angina pectoris across various depression groups (mild depression group OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.48-2.20; moderate depression group OR=3.40, 95%CI: 2.62-4.42; severe depression group OR=5.16, 95%CI: 3.94-6.77), indicating that higher levels of depression correlate with greater risk of angina pectoris (W=151.93, P<0.001), suggesting that depression was a risk factor for angina pectoris. In the overall population, the dose-response relationship between the two exhibited a gradually decreasing slope, indicating an increasing trend in angina pectoris risk with worsening depression. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models demonstrated that the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group was higher than that in the depression-only and angina pectoris-only groups, even after adjusting for all potential confounding factors (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.77-3.12).

Conclusion

There is a significant correlation between depression and angina pectoris, with the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group being higher than in either the depression-only or angina pectoris-only groups. Future treatment of angina pectoris should also emphasize the assessment, prevention, and treatment of depression to improve long-term patient outcomes.

Depression  /  Angina pectoris  /  Mortality risk  /  NHANES
刘琪, 雷鹏渊, 郭金晶, 卿前程, 黄波. 抑郁症和心绞痛的相关性及共病的死亡风险分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4398 -4404 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407463
Qi LIU, Peng-yuan LEI, Jin-jing GUO, Qian-cheng QING, Bo HUANG. The correlation between depression and angina pectoris and the analysis of mortality risk associated with comorbidity[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4398 -4404 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407463
抑郁症(depression)是一种广泛存在的慢性疾病,其主要特点是情绪低落、精力缺乏、失眠以及丧失对生活的兴趣,严重者甚至会产生自残、自杀的想法,其严重影响了人们的生活水平和质量,是一个导致全球范围内致残的重要原因和疾病[1]。若患者表现出持续并且较高水平的抑郁症状即可诊断为抑郁症[2]。由一项荟萃分析的结果显示,在1990—2017年间,全球罹患抑郁症的数量上升了49.86%[3]
心绞痛(angina pectoris)是心血管疾病中一种常见症状[4],其典型特征是胸部不适,通常因体力消耗或心肌缺血导致的情绪困扰引起[5]。该病尤其在中老年人中发病率较高[6],若无法及时得到有效的治疗,易发展成心肌梗死,从而危及生命[7]。到目前为止,心绞痛仍然是重大的全球健康问题之一,每年影响着数百万人[8]
现如今,抑郁症和心绞痛在成年人中已经越来越多见。有研究提示心血管系统疾病患者中约有三分之一伴有抑郁症[9]。Hayek SS等人[10]在研究中发现,患有心绞痛的患者更有可能报告出患有抑郁症。同时,多项研究结果已经表明抑郁、心绞痛均与全因死亡风险或是特定原因导致的死亡风险增加具有一定程度的关联性[11-12]。然而,关于抑郁症和心绞痛之间的关系以及抑郁症合并心绞痛的死亡风险,此前研究甚少,因此基于2009—2018年的美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES),本研究进行了横断面分析,以评估抑郁症与心绞痛的相关性及抑郁症合并心绞痛的死亡风险。本研究结果可能有助于更好地优化分配支持性护理资源,以预防心绞痛患者合并抑郁症死亡。
NHANES是由美国疾病预防控制中心进行的一项全国性的横断面调查,旨在评估美国个人的健康和营养状况,该调查中所有的研究方案均获得国家健康统计中心研究伦理审查委员会的批准,参与者在调查前均签署了书面知情同意书。本研究的研究人群来自NHANSE 2009—2010、2011—2012、2013—2014、2015—2016和2017—2018年共五个调查周期。共有11 232人符合纳入标准并被纳入研究,排除标准见图1
NHANES采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)以用来评估研究对象的抑郁症状,该问卷共有9个条目,采用Likert 4级评分系统,具有完善的因素结构、信度和效度,PHQ-9评分范围为0~27分,≥10分为发生抑郁,这个分界点经常用于临床和流行病学研究中来定义抑郁症,并已被临床验证,PHQ-9用于抑郁患者的敏感性为88%,特异性为88%[13],该量表在本文中应答率为87%。
NHANES中心绞痛症状的界定是被诊断(曾经被医生或其他健康专业人员告知有心绞痛;自我报告)或基于玫瑰问卷所表现出的I级或II级心绞痛症状。心绞痛的问题和标准基于玫瑰问卷,玫瑰问卷是一种标准化的、经过验证的评估工具,它已在流行病学研究中用于诊断心绞痛,其诊断梗阻性冠状动脉疾病的敏感性为50%,特异性为75%[14]
为了确定研究人群的死亡情况,本研究使用了美国国家卫生统计中心公布的每个研究周期研究者的死亡情况和具体死因,本研究仅研究相关变量和全因死亡率之间的关联。
在本研究中,协变量是先前已经显示或假设与抑郁症或心绞痛相关的某些因素,其中包括年龄、性别、种族、受教育程度、婚姻、家庭贫困指数比率(PIR)、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围。自述一生吸烟≥100支者定义为吸烟,反之定义为不吸烟。自述平均每天饮酒≥1杯者定义为饮酒,反之定义为不饮酒。高血压和糖尿病,这些数据可通过NHANES中人口学资料和相关调查问卷中获取。
应用R 4.1.3合并了有关的数据文件。本研究中年龄、BMI等计量资料经统计学检验均符合正态分布,以(均数±标准差)形式描述,计数资料采用频数和构成比描述。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,用于比较心绞痛组和非心绞痛组基线特征区别,采用二元logistic回归模型以探讨抑郁症和心绞痛之间的关系。采用限制性立方样条回归模型用来进一步探究抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险的剂量-反应关系。生存曲线图(K-M)和多因素Cox回归分析用来探究抑郁症组、心绞痛组和抑郁共病心绞痛组三个组别间在死亡风险上的差异。所有分析在R4.1.3和SPSS 26统计软件上完成,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究符合条件的研究对象共11 232人,年龄平均数为59.15岁,其中男性5 535人(49.28%),女性5 697人(50.72%);心绞痛患者664人(5.91%),非心绞痛患者10 568人(94.09%);按抑郁程度分组,无抑郁、轻度抑郁、中度抑郁及中度抑郁人群分别为8 366(74.48%)、1 785(15.89%)、629(5.60%)和452人(4.03%),心绞痛组的抑郁情况明显高于非心绞痛组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究对象的一般情况见表1
本研究按抑郁程度将抑郁情况分为无抑郁、轻度抑郁、中度抑郁和重度抑郁四组,按有无心绞痛将研究对象分为两组。采用二元logistic回归模型探讨抑郁症和心绞痛之间的关系,分别构建了4个模型,模型中各变量赋值情况见表2。结果显示,以无抑郁组为参考,各抑郁组中心绞痛患病风险均有统计学意义(P<0.001),且抑郁程度较高的组心绞痛患病风险更高,提示抑郁是心绞痛一个明显的危险因素,其中重度抑郁组OR值高达8.29(95%CI:6.50~10.60)。在调整了混杂因素后,上述抑郁程度对心绞痛患病风险的影响仍然成立。趋势分析结果发现,心绞痛的患病风险随着抑郁程度加重而逐步增加(P<0.001)。见表3
为进一步探讨总体和不同性别受试者抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险之间的变化趋势,本研究调整了所有协变量后进行了限制性立方样条回归分析,横坐标以PHQ-9问卷得分作为判断抑郁程度的标准,纵坐标以心绞痛患病风险OR值表示。结果显示,总人群中两者的剂量-反应关系呈现斜率逐渐降低的递增曲线形状,随着抑郁程度加重,心绞痛患病风险呈增加趋势,见图2A。按性别进行分层后,结果显示,在抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险中,女性在抑郁程度各阶段所表现出的相关性均强于男性,见图2B
根据抑郁程度和心绞痛患病风险,将总体研究人群分为4组:健康组(n=8 061人)、抑郁症组(n=2 507人)、心绞痛组(n=305人)和抑郁共病心绞痛组(n=359人)。
绘制K-M曲线以比较不同组别间死亡风险的差异。结果如图3所示,与健康组相比,心绞痛组、抑郁症组和抑郁共病心绞痛组的生存率降低,死亡风险显著升高,且抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于抑郁症组和心绞痛组(P<0.001)。
本研究按患病情况将研究人群分为4组:健康组、抑郁症组、心绞痛组和抑郁共病心绞痛组;按生存状态将研究人群分为两组(其中变量赋值为:0=存活,1=死亡)。采用多因素Cox回归分析分别构建了3个模型。结果显示,以健康组为参考,抑郁症组在模型2和模型3中和死亡风险无关(P>0.05),心绞痛组和抑郁共病心绞痛组在3个模型中均是死亡风险的危险因素,相较于抑郁症组和心绞痛组,抑郁共病组HR值在3个模型中都处于最高值,其死亡风险也最高,在模型3中调整了所有可能混杂因素后,其HR值仍有2.35(95%CI:1.77~3.12),趋势性检验结果在3种模型中都具有统计学意义(P趋势<0.001),见表4
本研究纳入11 232名中老年人,利用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型对抑郁症和心绞痛的相关性及二者之间的剂量反应关系进行分析,结果均具有统计学意义,表明抑郁症和心绞痛之间具有显著相关性。通过绘制K-M曲线和利用Cox回归分析模型,从而比较健康组、单纯抑郁症组、单纯心绞痛组和抑郁共病心绞痛组与全因死亡率的关系,有效验证了抑郁共病心绞痛组相比于单纯抑郁组和单纯心绞痛组将使患者生存率降低、死亡风险显著升高。这与相关文献中提及[15]在诊断为冠心病的患者中,抑郁症与死亡率或非致命性心脏事件风险增加两到三倍有关相一致。
抑郁症和心绞痛之间的联系可能是多因素的。抑郁症会导致精神压力,研究表明,精神压力会导致心脏交感神经的激活,这些神经的激活已被相关研究所证明会导致血流量减少、心率加快、左心室肥厚和心肌梗死[16]。抑郁症患者可能也表现出内皮功能障碍,这被认为是冠状动脉疾病(CAD)发展的一种潜在机制[17]。据报道,患有抑郁症的人在生理上还可能会导致神经内分泌系统的紊乱,增加炎症介质的释放,从而促进动脉粥样硬化的形成,进而增加其患心绞痛的风险[18]。也有研究指出抑郁症患者在心理上常常伴有慢性应急反应,导致自主神经系统的不平衡,进一步加重心血管负担,从而使心绞痛症状加重[19]。同时,有研究表明,与年龄相关的变化和生物风险因素的存在,其中包括心绞痛,使人们更容易患抑郁症[20]。Lotfaliany M等人[21]在一次研究中也提及患有心绞痛的人群患有抑郁症的几率增加了3.2倍,现已提出了几种机制来解释抑郁症与心脏代谢疾病之间的关系,如共同的遗传影响、两种疾病的炎症和血小板活性增加和患者对治疗和生活方式建议的依从性差等。所有这些因素都是支持本研究所得到的观点,即抑郁症和心绞痛之间具有显著相关性。
抑郁共病心绞痛患者死亡风险的升高,可能跟这两种疾病受到共同危险因素的影响有关[22],如不健康的生活方式和慢性疾病。抑郁症患者通常表现出不健康的生活方式,包括久坐不起、饮酒或吸烟,这些也是心绞痛的风险因素,并且,独居和自我评估的健康状况与抑郁和心绞痛的高风险同样有关[23]。此外,患有抑郁症的人更有可能同时患上慢性疾病,如糖尿病、中风和高血压,这可能会增加心绞痛的死亡率[24]。而且,抑郁症不仅可能由于患病期间的生理变化和药物治疗引发心绞痛,还可能通过增加患者对疾病的负担和降低管理能力,影响心绞痛患者的治疗依从性和生活质量,从而加重其死亡风险[25]。以上这些因素跟本研究得出的结论,即抑郁共病心绞痛会导致其死亡风险增加相符合。
本研究具有一定的优势,第一,本研究入组了11 232例受试者,具有大样本数据的真实、准确及代表性;第二,全面评估了抑郁症和心绞痛的相关性和抑郁共病心绞痛的死亡风险,这在之前的报道中是前所未有的。此外,本研究也存在有局限性,第一,对既往病史、家族病史(慢性病史和精神疾病家族史)等混杂因素的考虑会因NHANES数据库中数据不全面而有所欠缺;第二,由于NHANES数据库中数据为横断面调查结果,很难推断出相关因素之间的因果关系,只能解释二者之间的相关性,下一步可用队列研究等纵向研究进一步验证。
本研究基于NHANES数据库发现,抑郁症与心绞痛之间存在显著正相关关系,且抑郁共病心绞痛组的死亡风险高于单纯抑郁症组和单纯心绞痛组。这提示了在今后治疗心绞痛的同时,应该重视抑郁症的评估、预防和治疗,以改善患者的长期预后。同时建议未来的研究应进一步深入探讨二者间精细化的机制,从而更好地预防合并症的发生,以改善和提高患者的身心健康和生活质量。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金课题面上项目(2021JJ30592)
  • 湖南省卫生健康委科研课题(D202309037942)
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2024年第51卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407463
  • 接收时间:2024-07-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26
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湖南省自然科学基金课题面上项目(2021JJ30592)
湖南省卫生健康委科研课题(D202309037942)
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    南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南 衡阳 421001

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黄波,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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