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Article(id=1241035811735532166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717689600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815594848, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1733760000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815594848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815594848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815594848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035810628235909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815594584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815743629, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036435843764757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035810628235909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4297, endPage=4302, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035812251431560, articleId=1241035811735532166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of parental occupational types on adolescent depression symptoms, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms, providing a basis for promoting adolescent mental health.

Methods

Data from the 2018 follow-up survey of the China Family Panel Studies were collected, including demographic information, behavioral lifestyle, depression symptoms, and parental occupations of adolescents aged 10 to 19. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Simplified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and parental occupational types were classified according to the “Occupational Classification of the People’s Republic of China (2022 Edition)”. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms.

Results

In total, 1 971 adolescents were analyzed, including 1 045 boys (53.02%) and 926 girls (46.98%); 525 were only child in the family (26.64%). Among fathers, 1 531 had an education level of junior high school or below (77.68%), with the majority engaged in production and manufacturing occupations (703 individuals, 35.67%). For mothers, 1 653 had an education level of junior high school or below (83.87%), primarily working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles (812 individuals, 41.20%). A total of 293 adolescents exhibited depression symptoms (14.86%). The results of the multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for variables such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, average daily sleep duration, and parental education level, compared to the unemployed reference group, fathers in professional and technical occupations (OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.071-0.889) and mothers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles(OR=0.626, 95%CI: 0.409-0.959) were statistically associated with lower risks of adolescent depression symptoms.

Conclusion

Adolescents whose fathers are engaged in professional and technical work or whose mothers work in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production exhibit a lower risk of developing depression symptoms.

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目的

探讨父母亲职业类型与青少年抑郁症状的关联，为促进青少年心理健康提供依据。

方法

收集中国家庭追踪调查项目2018年随访调查资料，包括10～19岁青少年的人口学信息、行为生活方式、抑郁症状和父母职业；抑郁症状采用流调中心抑郁量表简表评估，父母职业类型依据《中华人民共和国职业分类大典（2022版）》进行分类。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析父母职业类型与青少年抑郁症状的关联。

结果

对1 971名青少年进行分析，其中男生1 045人，占53.02%，女生926人，占46.98%；独生子女525人，占26.64%。父亲初中及以下学历1 531人，占77.68%；职业以生产制造及有关人员为主，703人，占35.67%。母亲初中及以下学历1 653人，占83.87%；职业以农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员为主，812人，占41.20%。检出抑郁症状293人，占14.86%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，控制性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、日均睡眠时长、父母受教育程度变量后，以无业为参照，父亲职业类型为专业技术人员（OR=0.251，95%CI：0.071～0.889）和母亲职业类型为农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员（OR=0.626，95%CI：0.409～0.959）与青少年抑郁症状存在统计学关联。

结论

父亲从事专业技术工作或母亲从事农、林、牧、渔业生产类工作，青少年抑郁症状发生风险较低。

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陈婷，E-mail:
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王凝雨（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理学

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王凝雨（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理学

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Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2022(3): 102-114.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Mother's occupational status, children's educational attainment and gender differences——an empirical study based on the data of the Chinese general social survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069126412727106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=21, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=俞国良, journalName=清华大学教育研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=俞国良.家庭教育中的“父母倦怠”:心理健康视角[J].清华大学教育研究，2021，42（6）：21-28., articleTitle=家庭教育中的“父母倦怠”:心理健康视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069126530167620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=21, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Yu GL, journalName=Tsinghua Journal of Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu GL. 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Relationship between empathy and depression in adolescents: the mediating role of family functioning[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Medical Sciences, 2024, 55(3): 680-686.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Relationship between empathy and depression in adolescents: the mediating role of family functioning, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069120028996083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, awardId=15ZDC037, language=CN, fundingSource=全国哲学社会科学规划办公室（基于全民健康覆盖的推进健康中国发展战略研究）项目(15ZDC037), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069120104493564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, awardId=2023C0202, language=CN, fundingSource=武汉科技大学“十四五”湖北省优势特色学科（群）项目(2023C0202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069115264266413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069115268460720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, companyId=1241069115264266413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069115276849327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, companyId=1241069115264266413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学医学院护理系，湖北 武汉 430065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069115411067065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069115423649980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, companyId=1241069115411067065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院，湖北 武汉 430065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069115520118980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069115528507589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, companyId=1241069115520118980, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069119437599161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of single factor analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数抑郁症状统计值P值
有无
性别10.3460.001
男1 045（53.02）130 (44.37)915 (54.53)
女926（46.98）163 (55.63)763 (45.47)
年龄（岁）a13.82±2.5713.71±2.5514.45±2.69-4.616<0.001
居住地0.4080.523
城镇861（43.68）133 (45.39)728 (43.38)
农村1 110（56.32）160 (54.61)950 (56.62)
兄弟姐妹数（个）-1.8920.058
0525（26.64）64 (21.84)461 (27.47)
11 011（51.29）159 (54.26)852 (50.77)
2283（14.36）41 (13.99)242 (14.42)
≥3152（7.71）29 (9.90)123 (7.33)
过去12个月住院0.0490.830
是96（4.87）15 (5.12)81 (4.83)
否1 875（95.13）278 (94.88)1 597 (95.17)
吸 烟6.4020.011
是66（3.35）17 (5.80)49 (2.92)
否1 905（96.65）276 (94.20)1 629 (97.08)
饮 酒13.084<0.001
是36（1.83）13 (4.44)23 (1.37)
否1 935（98.17）280 (95.56)1 655 (98.63)
午 休3.0240.082
是804（40.79）133 (45.39)671 (39.99)
否1 167（59.21）160 (54.61)1 007 (60.01)
日均睡眠时间（h）12.881<0.001
>71 754（88.99）243 (82.94)1 511 (90.05)
≤7217（11.01）50 (17.06)167 (9.95)
每周锻炼时间（h）0.6820.409
>14139（7.05）24 (8.19)115 (6.85)
≤141 832（92.95）269 (91.81)1 563 (93.15)
父亲受教育程度3.887<0.001
文盲153（7.76）35 (11.95)118 (7.03)
小学525（26.64）99 (33.79)426 (25.39)
初中853（43.28）105 (35.84)748 (44.58)
高中及以上440（22.32）54 (18.43)386 (23.00)
母亲受教育程度3.2140.001
文盲139（7.05）38 (12.97)101 (6.02)
小学758（38.46）116 (39.59)642 (38.26)
初中756（38.36）93 (31.74)663 (39.51)
高中及以上318（16.13）46 (15.70)272 (16.21)
父亲每周工作时长（h）b55(40，70)50（40，63）55（40，70）0.1000.920
母亲每周工作时长（h）b42(28，60)42（30，58）43（25，58）0.0310.979
父亲职业类型3.044<0.001
无业214（10.86）39 (13.33)175 (10.43)
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人140（7.10）24 (8.19)116 (6.91)
专业技术人员93（4.72）3 (1.02)90 (5.36)
办事人员和有关人员73（3.70）10 (3.41)63 (3.75)
商业服务和生活服务人员164（8.32）31 (10.58)133 (7.93)
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员584（29.63）96 (32.76)488 (29.08)
生产制造及有关人员703（35.67）90 (30.72)613 (36.53)
母亲职业类型1.4460.017
无业234（11.87）47 (16.04)187 (11.14)
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人74（3.75）9 (3.07)65 (3.87)
专业技术人员126（6.39）15 (5.12)111 (6.62)
办事人员和有关人员55（2.79）7 (2.39)48 (2.86)
商业服务和生活服务人员409（20.75）65 (22.18)344 (20.50)
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员812（41.20）119 (40.61)693 (41.29)
生产制造及有关人员261（13.24）31 (10.58)230 (13.71)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069119571816904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查人数抑郁症状统计值P值
有无
性别10.3460.001
男1 045（53.02）130 (44.37)915 (54.53)
女926（46.98）163 (55.63)763 (45.47)
年龄（岁）a13.82±2.5713.71±2.5514.45±2.69-4.616<0.001
居住地0.4080.523
城镇861（43.68）133 (45.39)728 (43.38)
农村1 110（56.32）160 (54.61)950 (56.62)
兄弟姐妹数（个）-1.8920.058
0525（26.64）64 (21.84)461 (27.47)
11 011（51.29）159 (54.26)852 (50.77)
2283（14.36）41 (13.99)242 (14.42)
≥3152（7.71）29 (9.90)123 (7.33)
过去12个月住院0.0490.830
是96（4.87）15 (5.12)81 (4.83)
否1 875（95.13）278 (94.88)1 597 (95.17)
吸 烟6.4020.011
是66（3.35）17 (5.80)49 (2.92)
否1 905（96.65）276 (94.20)1 629 (97.08)
饮 酒13.084<0.001
是36（1.83）13 (4.44)23 (1.37)
否1 935（98.17）280 (95.56)1 655 (98.63)
午 休3.0240.082
是804（40.79）133 (45.39)671 (39.99)
否1 167（59.21）160 (54.61)1 007 (60.01)
日均睡眠时间（h）12.881<0.001
>71 754（88.99）243 (82.94)1 511 (90.05)
≤7217（11.01）50 (17.06)167 (9.95)
每周锻炼时间（h）0.6820.409
>14139（7.05）24 (8.19)115 (6.85)
≤141 832（92.95）269 (91.81)1 563 (93.15)
父亲受教育程度3.887<0.001
文盲153（7.76）35 (11.95)118 (7.03)
小学525（26.64）99 (33.79)426 (25.39)
初中853（43.28）105 (35.84)748 (44.58)
高中及以上440（22.32）54 (18.43)386 (23.00)
母亲受教育程度3.2140.001
文盲139（7.05）38 (12.97)101 (6.02)
小学758（38.46）116 (39.59)642 (38.26)
初中756（38.36）93 (31.74)663 (39.51)
高中及以上318（16.13）46 (15.70)272 (16.21)
父亲每周工作时长（h）b55(40，70)50（40，63）55（40，70）0.1000.920
母亲每周工作时长（h）b42(28，60)42（30，58）43（25，58）0.0310.979
父亲职业类型3.044<0.001
无业214（10.86）39 (13.33)175 (10.43)
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人140（7.10）24 (8.19)116 (6.91)
专业技术人员93（4.72）3 (1.02)90 (5.36)
办事人员和有关人员73（3.70）10 (3.41)63 (3.75)
商业服务和生活服务人员164（8.32）31 (10.58)133 (7.93)
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员584（29.63）96 (32.76)488 (29.08)
生产制造及有关人员703（35.67）90 (30.72)613 (36.53)
母亲职业类型1.4460.017
无业234（11.87）47 (16.04)187 (11.14)
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人74（3.75）9 (3.07)65 (3.87)
专业技术人员126（6.39）15 (5.12)111 (6.62)
办事人员和有关人员55（2.79）7 (2.39)48 (2.86)
商业服务和生活服务人员409（20.75）65 (22.18)344 (20.50)
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员812（41.20）119 (40.61)693 (41.29)
生产制造及有关人员261（13.24）31 (10.58)230 (13.71)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069119701840343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of depressive symptoms in adolescents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组βWaldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄0.0790.0287.9260.0041.0841.031～1.153
性别
男女-0.4580.14010.6470.0010.6200.470～0.822
吸烟
是否0.4440.3341.7640.1801.5660.809～3.000
饮酒
是否1.2020.3979.1610.0023.3401.527～7.245
日均睡眠时间（h）
>7≤7-0.3600.1973.3450.0700.7000.481～1.029
父亲受教育程度
小学及以下文盲0.0870.3290.0700.7921.0910.572～2.080
初中-0.2570.3300.6030.4380.7740.404～1.478
高中及以上-0.3710.3810.9470.3310.6900.326～1.457
母亲受教育程度
小学及以下文盲-0.5640.3272.9770.0820.5680.299～1.079
初中-0.6880.3424.0410.0440.5010.256～0.983
高中及以上-0.3780.3980.8990.3410.6840.314～1.497
父亲职业类型
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人无业0.5210.3292.5060.1121.6870.883～3.208
专业技术人员-1.3810.6442.1440.0320.2510.071～0.889
办事人员和有关人员-0.0800.4300.0340.8510.9220.397～2.145
商业服务和生活服务人员0.4160.3131.7670.1831.5170.821～2.798
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员0.0660.2440.0730.7881.0680.662～1.725
生产制造及有关人员-0.0960.2390.1610.6860.9080.568～1.452
母亲职业
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人无业-0.6570.4492.1390.1450.5190.215～1.251
专业技术人员-0.2370.3860.3770.5390.7890.370～1.681
办事人员和有关人员-0.2390.4870.2400.6280.7900.303～2.046
商业服务和生活服务人员-0.1470.2510.3420.5580.8630.528～1.412
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员-0.4680.2184.6240.0310.6260.409～0.959
生产制造及有关人员-0.4120.2782.1880.1390.6630.384～1.143
常量-1.4370.5616.5570.010
), ArticleFig(id=1241069119836058080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035811735532166, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青少年抑郁症状影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量参照组βWaldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄0.0790.0287.9260.0041.0841.031～1.153
性别
男女-0.4580.14010.6470.0010.6200.470～0.822
吸烟
是否0.4440.3341.7640.1801.5660.809～3.000
饮酒
是否1.2020.3979.1610.0023.3401.527～7.245
日均睡眠时间（h）
>7≤7-0.3600.1973.3450.0700.7000.481～1.029
父亲受教育程度
小学及以下文盲0.0870.3290.0700.7921.0910.572～2.080
初中-0.2570.3300.6030.4380.7740.404～1.478
高中及以上-0.3710.3810.9470.3310.6900.326～1.457
母亲受教育程度
小学及以下文盲-0.5640.3272.9770.0820.5680.299～1.079
初中-0.6880.3424.0410.0440.5010.256～0.983
高中及以上-0.3780.3980.8990.3410.6840.314～1.497
父亲职业类型
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人无业0.5210.3292.5060.1121.6870.883～3.208
专业技术人员-1.3810.6442.1440.0320.2510.071～0.889
办事人员和有关人员-0.0800.4300.0340.8510.9220.397～2.145
商业服务和生活服务人员0.4160.3131.7670.1831.5170.821～2.798
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员0.0660.2440.0730.7881.0680.662～1.725
生产制造及有关人员-0.0960.2390.1610.6860.9080.568～1.452
母亲职业
党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人无业-0.6570.4492.1390.1450.5190.215～1.251
专业技术人员-0.2370.3860.3770.5390.7890.370～1.681
办事人员和有关人员-0.2390.4870.2400.6280.7900.303～2.046
商业服务和生活服务人员-0.1470.2510.3420.5580.8630.528～1.412
农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员-0.4680.2184.6240.0310.6260.409～0.959
生产制造及有关人员-0.4120.2782.1880.1390.6630.384～1.143
常量-1.4370.5616.5570.010
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父母职业类型对青少年抑郁症状的影响研究
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王凝雨 1 , 杨雪 2, 3 , 徐恒义 2, 3 , 陈婷 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(23): 4297-4302
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(23): 4297-4302
父母职业类型对青少年抑郁症状的影响研究
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王凝雨1, 杨雪2, 3, 徐恒义2, 3, 陈婷2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学医学院护理系，湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院，湖北 武汉 430065
  • 3.职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430065

    • 王凝雨（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：护理学

通讯作者:

陈婷，E-mail:
The impact of parental occupational types on adolescent depression symptoms
Ning-yu WANG1, Xue YANG2, 3, Heng-yi XU2, 3, Ting CHEN2, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
出版时间: 2024-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406077
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摘要
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目的

探讨父母亲职业类型与青少年抑郁症状的关联，为促进青少年心理健康提供依据。

方法

收集中国家庭追踪调查项目2018年随访调查资料，包括10～19岁青少年的人口学信息、行为生活方式、抑郁症状和父母职业；抑郁症状采用流调中心抑郁量表简表评估，父母职业类型依据《中华人民共和国职业分类大典（2022版）》进行分类。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析父母职业类型与青少年抑郁症状的关联。

结果

对1 971名青少年进行分析，其中男生1 045人，占53.02%，女生926人，占46.98%；独生子女525人，占26.64%。父亲初中及以下学历1 531人，占77.68%；职业以生产制造及有关人员为主，703人，占35.67%。母亲初中及以下学历1 653人，占83.87%；职业以农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员为主，812人，占41.20%。检出抑郁症状293人，占14.86%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，控制性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、日均睡眠时长、父母受教育程度变量后，以无业为参照，父亲职业类型为专业技术人员（OR=0.251，95%CI：0.071～0.889）和母亲职业类型为农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员（OR=0.626，95%CI：0.409～0.959）与青少年抑郁症状存在统计学关联。

结论

父亲从事专业技术工作或母亲从事农、林、牧、渔业生产类工作，青少年抑郁症状发生风险较低。

青少年  /  抑郁症状  /  父母职业  /  关联
Objective

To explore the relationship between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms, providing a basis for promoting adolescent mental health.

Methods

Data from the 2018 follow-up survey of the China Family Panel Studies were collected, including demographic information, behavioral lifestyle, depression symptoms, and parental occupations of adolescents aged 10 to 19. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Simplified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and parental occupational types were classified according to the “Occupational Classification of the People’s Republic of China (2022 Edition)”. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms.

Results

In total, 1 971 adolescents were analyzed, including 1 045 boys (53.02%) and 926 girls (46.98%); 525 were only child in the family (26.64%). Among fathers, 1 531 had an education level of junior high school or below (77.68%), with the majority engaged in production and manufacturing occupations (703 individuals, 35.67%). For mothers, 1 653 had an education level of junior high school or below (83.87%), primarily working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles (812 individuals, 41.20%). A total of 293 adolescents exhibited depression symptoms (14.86%). The results of the multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for variables such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, average daily sleep duration, and parental education level, compared to the unemployed reference group, fathers in professional and technical occupations (OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.071-0.889) and mothers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles(OR=0.626, 95%CI: 0.409-0.959) were statistically associated with lower risks of adolescent depression symptoms.

Conclusion

Adolescents whose fathers are engaged in professional and technical work or whose mothers work in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production exhibit a lower risk of developing depression symptoms.

Adolescents  /  Depression symptoms  /  Parental occupation  /  Association
王凝雨, 杨雪, 徐恒义, 陈婷. 父母职业类型对青少年抑郁症状的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4297 -4302 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406077
Ning-yu WANG, Xue YANG, Heng-yi XU, Ting CHEN. The impact of parental occupational types on adolescent depression symptoms[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (23) : 4297 -4302 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406077
正文
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抑郁这一青少年最常见的心理健康问题给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担，已是全球共同关注的健康问题[1]。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中提出“重视心理健康和精神卫生”，不断增进民生福祉，提高人民生活品质。我国青少年抑郁呈低龄化趋势[1-2]，《2022年国民抑郁症蓝皮书》指出，我国青少年中15%～20%为抑郁症患者，其中30%在18岁以下。加强青少年心理健康调查研究，厘清社会、社区、学校、家庭等各方作用迫在眉睫[3-4]。
随着生活节奏加快，父母工作对家庭生活的影响逐渐增强。家庭是影响青少年健康行为的主要风向标，对其心理发展影响最为直接，如控制型教养、缺乏关爱和亲子冲突/家暴等是青少年抑郁的危险因素[5-6]。由于不同职业拥有的资源和工作量不同，父母对家庭资源（尤其是共处时间、精力等）的投入和家庭生活关注也不同[7]。研究显示，父母职业类型决定着该家庭的社会地位、经济状况和生活质量等，可影响子女的抑郁、疏离感和人格特征等[7-10]。目前，父母职业类别对子女心理状况的影响研究较少，本研究试图探讨二者关联，为促进青少年心理健康提供依据。
1 资料与方法
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1.1 资料来源
资料来源于北京大学中国社会科学调查中心开展的中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies，CFPS）项目。该项目采用内隐分层方法抽取多阶段等概率样本，覆盖全国25个省（直辖市、自治区），目标样本规模为16 000户，调查对象包含样本户中的全部家庭成员。第一期调查为12年（2008—2020年），2010年开始，原计划每年（后改为隔年）3—7月在全国展开实地调查，调查内容涉及个体、家庭、社区三个层面。
1.2 方法
本研究收集CFPS项目2018年的随访调查资料，包括10～19岁青少年的人口学信息、行为生活方式、抑郁症状和父母职业等信息，分析父母不同职业类别与青少年抑郁症状的关联。以下14个变量作为控制变量[11-13]：（1）青少年特征，包括年龄、性别、居住地、兄弟姐妹数、过去12个月住院、吸烟、饮酒、午休、日均睡眠时间（最近一周）、周锻炼时间；（2）父母特征，包括工作时长、受教育程度。
1.2.1 抑郁症状评估
CFPS项目采用流调中心抑郁量表简表[14]评估青少年抑郁症状，Cronbach α为0.77。该量表包含感到愉快、生活快乐、情绪低落、生活无法继续、做任何事都很费劲、睡眠不好、孤独、悲伤难过8个条目（2个反向计分条目）。每个条目设置每周不到1 d（几乎没有）、1～2 d（有时）、3～4 d（经常）、5～7 d（大多数时）4个选项，对应赋值0～3分，总分为0～24分，>8分可认为存在抑郁症状[15]。
1.2.2 父母职业分类
根据《中华人民共和国职业分类大典（2022版）》[16]，将青少年父母的职业分为以下7类：（1）党和国家机关、企事业单位、群众团体和社会组织负责人；（2）专业技术人员；（3）办事人员和有关人员；（4）商业服务和生活服务人员；（5）农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员；（6）生产制造及有关人员；（7）无业。
1.3 统计分析
采用Stata 16.0软件统计分析。定量资料服从正态分布的采用（均数±标准差）描述，组间比较采用t检验；不服从正态分布的采用中位数和四分位数间距［M（P25，P75）］描述，组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验；计数资料采用［n（%）］描述，组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析父母职业类型与青少年抑郁症状的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
2 结果
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2.1 基本情况
纳入1 971名青少年进行分析，年龄为（13.82±2.57）岁，其中男生1 045人（53.02%），女生926人（46.98%）。吸烟66人（3.35%）；饮酒36人（1.83%）；日均睡眠时间<7 h 217人（11.01%）。父亲初中及以下学历1 531人（77.68%）；职业以生产制造及有关人员为主，703人（35.67%）。母亲初中及以下学历1 653人（83.87%）；职业以农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员为主，812人（41.20%）。见表1。
2.2 青少年抑郁症状检出情况
检出抑郁症状293人，占14.86%。相较于无抑郁症状的青少年，存在抑郁症状的青少年中，女生、吸烟、饮酒、日均睡眠时间<7 h的比例较高，父母受教育程度较低，且父母职业类型构成不同，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表1。
2.3 青少年抑郁症状与父母职业类别的关联分析
以青少年抑郁症状为因变量（0=无，1=有），以性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、日均睡眠时长、父母受教育程度和父母职业为自变量（经检验不存在多重共线性），进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示，相较于父母无业，父亲为专业技术人员，母亲为农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员的青少年抑郁症状发生风险较低。见表2。
3 讨论
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本研究基于CFPS项目2018年的随访资料，对1 971名青少年的抑郁症状发生情况及其与父母职业类型的关联进行分析，结果显示，检出抑郁症状的青少年占14.86%，低于席璇等[17]调查的重庆市青少年抑郁症状检出率17.30%。
除父母职业类型以外的单因素分析结果显示性别、父母受教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、日均睡眠时间等因素与青少年抑郁症状的发生有关。研究结果表明女生比男生更易出现抑郁症状，国内有研究[18]发现，从12岁左右开始，更多的女孩有临床抑郁症状，性别差异在青少年中期和末期最为显著，从青少年期到整个成人期，女性高于男性。正如其他的研究者指出[19]，青春期特有的生理变化及外界环境施加的多重压力深刻影响着青少年的心理健康状态，使青春期阶段的女生抑郁倾向显著高于男生。父母受教育程度的差异塑造了其独特的教养方式，这种差异在教育策略、学习资源、成长环境以及情感支持等多个维度上深刻影响着青少年的成长轨迹[20]，进而对青少年的心理状态产生长远且复杂的影响。
父亲职业为专业技术人员的青少年抑郁症状发生风险较低。从事该类职业者通常文化程度较高，经济收入较为稳定，相较于无业者，有能力为子女提供较好的成长环境，也愿意分出时间和精力与子女互动交流，更有利于子女的情绪和心理健康[21-22]。而当父亲面临经济困难或承受职业压力时，青少年不可避免地感受到家庭的紧张氛围，他们可能因无力改变而陷入沮丧、抑郁的情绪[23-24]。
与母亲无业相比，母亲为农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员的青少年抑郁症状发生风险较低。从事这一类型工作的母亲通常无需轮班，工作任务相对简单，工作时间灵活，工作压力相对较小，有更多精力投入给子女[25]。相关研究显示，有工作的母亲为家庭付出的成就感更高，能获得经济回报和自我满足感；同时，母亲的工作经验会对家庭幸福产生叠加效应，能获得经济回报和自我满足感，面对子女的态度更为亲切，并为其提供积极的情绪引导[24]，使其行为适应性增强，情绪问题发生率更低[26-27]。
本研究的优势是聚焦于父母职业背景，这一视角契合国家“强化心理健康与精神卫生工作”的建设重点，深入洞察社会现实问题。此外，本研究利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）项目的权威数据，确保研究结果的真实性与可靠性。但本研究尚存在一定局限性，一是数据中父母双方均无业的样本量过少，受数据限制难以进一步探究父母均无业与青少年抑郁症状的关系；二是横截面数据无法剔除内生性分析变量间的因果关系，只开展了相关分析。为此，本研究仅关注父母一方职业类型对青少年子女抑郁症状的影响，后续将聚焦父母双方职业类型，从而提供更为全面的证据。
综上，父母职业类别对青少年抑郁症状有一定的影响。父母无业的青少年抑郁症状发生的风险相对较高。父亲从事专业技术类职业或母亲从事农、林、牧、渔业生产类工作其子女抑郁症状的发生风险相对较低。为保障青少年心理健康，父母应根据自己的职业特征，合理平衡工作与家庭生活，给予子女充分陪伴，营造温馨的家庭环境，及时发现子女的情绪波动，必要时积极就医[28]。无论从事何种职业，作为父母，都应该向孩子提供足够的爱与支持，创造良好的家庭氛围。在面对整个青少年群体时，应重视女生、存在不健康行为、父母教育程度相对较低的青少年，开展精准、个性化的措施，促进其身心健康。父母双方在社会、学校、家庭三位一体青少年心理健康管理体系中扮演应有的关键角色，才能系好青少年身心健康的“安全带”。
基金
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  • 全国哲学社会科学规划办公室（基于全民健康覆盖的推进健康中国发展战略研究）项目(15ZDC037)
  • 武汉科技大学“十四五”湖北省优势特色学科（群）项目(2023C0202)
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2024年第51卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406077
  • 接收时间：2024-06-07
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-12-10
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-07
基金
全国哲学社会科学规划办公室（基于全民健康覆盖的推进健康中国发展战略研究）项目(15ZDC037)
武汉科技大学“十四五”湖北省优势特色学科（群）项目(2023C0202)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学医学院护理系，湖北 武汉 430065
    2.武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院，湖北 武汉 430065
    3.职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430065

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陈婷，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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