Article(id=1241035552921808930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409141, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725724800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815533142, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815533142, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815533142, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815533142, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4597, endPage=4602, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035553563537469, articleId=1241035552921808930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of design flaws and statistical issues in manuscripts submitted to core medical journals, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the design flaws and statistical issues present in medical papers submitted to core domestic journals, and to explore strategies for improving the quality of medical papers and submission acceptance rates.
Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on submissions to domestic core medical journals between January 2021 and December 2023. Quantitative empirical and qualitative analyses were performed.
Results A total of 306 clinical medicine research papers and 328 basic medicine research papers were included in the analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the acceptance rates between these two categories (P<0.001), while no significant difference was found concerning the acceptance rates of papers supported by different levels of funding (P>0.05). Observational studies constituted 71.40% of all submissions; however, their acceptance rate was lower than that of experimental studies (43.75% vs. 53.66%, P<0.05). Various deficiencies were identified in the methodological design and statistical analysis reporting of the manuscripts. The main issues included unclear description of study design types, inadequate matching between groups, insufficient modeling and validation, neglect of sample size calculation, and errors in result reporting.
Conclusion Significant flaws exist in the research design and statistical analysis reporting of medical manuscripts, with a considerable gap compared to internationally recognized medical reporting standards. Hospitals and medical schools should strengthen training in the latest medical research standards and statistical knowledge to improve the quality of academic papers and enhance research outcomes.
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目的 分析向国内核心期刊投稿的医学论文中存在的设计缺陷及统计学问题,探索提高医务人员和医学生论文质量和投稿命中率的策略。
方法 问卷调查收集2021年1月至2023年12月国内医学核心期刊稿件内容,进行定量实证和定性分析。
结果 纳入分析306篇临床医学研究论文和328篇基础医学研究论文,录用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),不同基金级别稿件的录用率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察性研究占全部稿件的71.40%,但其录用率低于实验性研究(43.75% vs. 53.66%,P<0.05)。稿件在方法学设计和统计学分析报告方面存在多种缺陷,主要问题包括:研究设计类型表述不清、组间匹配不严谨、建模和验证不足、忽略样本量计算、结果报告错误。
结论 医学稿件在研究设计和统计分析报告方面存在显著缺陷,与国际通用的医学报告规范存在较大差距。医院和医科院校应加强对最新医学研究规范和统计学知识培训,以提升学术论文质量,增加科研论文成果。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8Ebo3rY/jAMwyDW3ywkwfw==, magXml=wfABYk024DBJOvie6xQjEA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SXDVwouaUU2e7YeeNu9Diw==, pdfFileSize=789914, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7Ml0p1fDtkkcgDNDyN4BhA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HJNmZYsOnilTuVekrC9ZUw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
余诗诗(1986—),女,硕士,编辑,研究方向:医学统计学,医学论文编辑
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向核心期刊投稿的稿件总体录用和退稿情况(***P<0.001), figureFileSmall=q6ubHB+z9QsbUUsQy9NjJw==, figureFileBig=fYbPavaxjyeQ+dARpf8eVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069985733333976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
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临床医学论著发文量变化趋势(注:A是CNKI收录文献,B是Pubmed收录文献), figureFileSmall=AnyEM1xLcah/KQyRv5SxIA==, figureFileBig=P1wsP1SiiVB84ExFobD+mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069985947243495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Acceptance Status of Different Types of Submissions to Core Journals
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究类型 | | 稿件数 | 退稿数 | 录用率(%) |
|---|
| 临床研究 | | 306 | 197 | 35.62 |
| 观察性 | 临床预测模型 | 37 | 25 | 32.43 |
| 诊断试验 | 45 | 23 | 48.89 |
| 队列研究 | 21 | 9 | 57.14 |
| 病例对照研究 | 72 | 33 | 54.17 |
| 横断面研究 | 96 | 54 | 43.75 |
| 孟德尔随机化 | 33 | 27 | 18.18 |
| 实验性 | 随机对照临床试验(RCT) | 27 | 14 | 48.15 |
| 一般随机对照试验 | 61 | 35 | 42.62 |
| 基础研究 | | 328 | 152 | 53.66 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986102432753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
向核心期刊投稿的各类型接收情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究类型 | | 稿件数 | 退稿数 | 录用率(%) |
|---|
| 临床研究 | | 306 | 197 | 35.62 |
| 观察性 | 临床预测模型 | 37 | 25 | 32.43 |
| 诊断试验 | 45 | 23 | 48.89 |
| 队列研究 | 21 | 9 | 57.14 |
| 病例对照研究 | 72 | 33 | 54.17 |
| 横断面研究 | 96 | 54 | 43.75 |
| 孟德尔随机化 | 33 | 27 | 18.18 |
| 实验性 | 随机对照临床试验(RCT) | 27 | 14 | 48.15 |
| 一般随机对照试验 | 61 | 35 | 42.62 |
| 基础研究 | | 328 | 152 | 53.66 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986245039103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of Acceptance Rates for Manuscripts Funded by Different Levels of Grants
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 基金级别 | 研究类型 | 录用 | 未录用 | 总稿件 | 录用率 (%) | P值 |
|---|
| 各级基金中临床和基础研究 | 临床研究中各级别基金稿件 | 基础研究中各级别基金稿件 |
|---|
| 国家级 | 临床 | 61 | 51 | 112 | 54.46 | 0.656 | 0.009 | 0.268 |
| 基础 | 83 | 62 | 145 | 57.24 | | | |
| 省级 | 临床 | 58 | 80 | 138 | 42.03 | 0.143 | - | - |
| 基础 | 56 | 53 | 109 | 51.38 | | | |
| 市级以下或无 | 临床 | 17 | 39 | 56 | 30.36 | 0.071 | - | - |
| 基础 | 34 | 40 | 74 | 45.95 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986354089989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
各级别基金资助稿件的录用率比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 基金级别 | 研究类型 | 录用 | 未录用 | 总稿件 | 录用率 (%) | P值 |
|---|
| 各级基金中临床和基础研究 | 临床研究中各级别基金稿件 | 基础研究中各级别基金稿件 |
|---|
| 国家级 | 临床 | 61 | 51 | 112 | 54.46 | 0.656 | 0.009 | 0.268 |
| 基础 | 83 | 62 | 145 | 57.24 | | | |
| 省级 | 临床 | 58 | 80 | 138 | 42.03 | 0.143 | - | - |
| 基础 | 56 | 53 | 109 | 51.38 | | | |
| 市级以下或无 | 临床 | 17 | 39 | 56 | 30.36 | 0.071 | - | - |
| 基础 | 34 | 40 | 74 | 45.95 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986463141898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Methodological Differences Between Clinical and Basic Medical Research
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 临床医学研究 | 基础医学研究 |
|---|
| 常用统计方法 | 多重回归分析,生存分析(如Cox回归),逻辑回归,混合效应模型,方差分析,卡方检验,t检验,广义估计方程,贝叶斯分析,多水平模型,时间序列分析,结构方程模型 | t检验,方差分析(ANOVA),相关分析,主成分分析,聚类分析,卡方检验,线性回归 |
| 研究设计 | 随机对照试验(RCT),队列研究,病例对照研究,横断面研究 | 完全随机设计,随机区组设计,拉丁方设计,交叉设计,析因设计 |
| 样本选择 | 严格的纳入和排除标准,随机分组 | 随机选取实验样本,实验条件控制严格 |
| 数据类型 | 连续变量(如血压、体温),分类变量(如性别、是否患病),生存时间数据 | 连续变量(如酶活性、基因表达水平),分类变量(如基因型、实验组别) |
| 数据处理 | 处理缺失值,多重共线性处理,数据变换 | 数据标准化,高维数据处理 |
| 数据异质性 | 高度异质性数据 | 相对单一的数据类型 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986593165328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
临床医学研究与基础研究方法学区别
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 临床医学研究 | 基础医学研究 |
|---|
| 常用统计方法 | 多重回归分析,生存分析(如Cox回归),逻辑回归,混合效应模型,方差分析,卡方检验,t检验,广义估计方程,贝叶斯分析,多水平模型,时间序列分析,结构方程模型 | t检验,方差分析(ANOVA),相关分析,主成分分析,聚类分析,卡方检验,线性回归 |
| 研究设计 | 随机对照试验(RCT),队列研究,病例对照研究,横断面研究 | 完全随机设计,随机区组设计,拉丁方设计,交叉设计,析因设计 |
| 样本选择 | 严格的纳入和排除标准,随机分组 | 随机选取实验样本,实验条件控制严格 |
| 数据类型 | 连续变量(如血压、体温),分类变量(如性别、是否患病),生存时间数据 | 连续变量(如酶活性、基因表达水平),分类变量(如基因型、实验组别) |
| 数据处理 | 处理缺失值,多重共线性处理,数据变换 | 数据标准化,高维数据处理 |
| 数据异质性 | 高度异质性数据 | 相对单一的数据类型 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986718994452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Summary of Issues in Research Papers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究类型 | 问题种类 | 临床研究(n=306) | 基础研究(n=328) |
|---|
| 篇数 | 占比 (%) | 已发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 未发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 篇数 | 占比 (%) | 已发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 未发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) |
|---|
| 普遍问题 | 缺少样本量计算 | 239 | 78.10 | 65.83 | 82.50 | 231 | 70.43 | 62.50 | 74.17 |
| 统计推断方法描述不具体 | 205 | 66.99 | 24.17 | 65.83 | 137 | 41.77 | 5.00 | 47.50 |
| 统计学结果报告不规范或有误 | 77 | 25.16 | 15.83 | 20.83 | 43 | 13.11 | 6.67 | 11.67 |
| 统计学描述与数据类型不符 | 49 | 16.01 | 6.67 | 17.50 | 41 | 12.50 | 1.67 | 10.00 |
| 观察性研究 | 设计类型不明确 | 103 | 33.66 | 64.17 | 80.83 | - | - | - | - |
| 设计类型描述有误 | 56 | 18.30 | 7.50 | 24.17 | - | - | - | - |
| 病例与对照匹配不严谨 | 42 | 13.73 | 9.17 | 15.83 | - | - | - | - |
| 危险因素分析与建模相混淆 | 35 | 11.44 | 0.00 | 8.33 | - | - | - | - |
| 模型验证不全面 | 25 | 8.17 | 6.67 | 10.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 模型评价方法不规范 | 20 | 6.54 | 5.83 | 7.50 | - | - | - | - |
| ROC曲线的比较未做假设检验 | 19 | 6.21 | 0.83 | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 实验性研究 | 实验设计不规范 | 62 | 20.26 | 0.83 | 18.33 | 39 | 11.89 | 0.00 | 9.17 |
| 统计报告不规范 | 54 | 17.65 | 3.33 | 16.67 | 46 | 14.02 | 4.17 | 10.83 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241069986828046364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035552921808930, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
研究论文中的问题汇总
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 研究类型 | 问题种类 | 临床研究(n=306) | 基础研究(n=328) |
|---|
| 篇数 | 占比 (%) | 已发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 未发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 篇数 | 占比 (%) | 已发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) | 未发表论文 中问题论文 构成比 (n=120,%) |
|---|
| 普遍问题 | 缺少样本量计算 | 239 | 78.10 | 65.83 | 82.50 | 231 | 70.43 | 62.50 | 74.17 |
| 统计推断方法描述不具体 | 205 | 66.99 | 24.17 | 65.83 | 137 | 41.77 | 5.00 | 47.50 |
| 统计学结果报告不规范或有误 | 77 | 25.16 | 15.83 | 20.83 | 43 | 13.11 | 6.67 | 11.67 |
| 统计学描述与数据类型不符 | 49 | 16.01 | 6.67 | 17.50 | 41 | 12.50 | 1.67 | 10.00 |
| 观察性研究 | 设计类型不明确 | 103 | 33.66 | 64.17 | 80.83 | - | - | - | - |
| 设计类型描述有误 | 56 | 18.30 | 7.50 | 24.17 | - | - | - | - |
| 病例与对照匹配不严谨 | 42 | 13.73 | 9.17 | 15.83 | - | - | - | - |
| 危险因素分析与建模相混淆 | 35 | 11.44 | 0.00 | 8.33 | - | - | - | - |
| 模型验证不全面 | 25 | 8.17 | 6.67 | 10.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 模型评价方法不规范 | 20 | 6.54 | 5.83 | 7.50 | - | - | - | - |
| ROC曲线的比较未做假设检验 | 19 | 6.21 | 0.83 | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 实验性研究 | 实验设计不规范 | 62 | 20.26 | 0.83 | 18.33 | 39 | 11.89 | 0.00 | 9.17 |
| 统计报告不规范 | 54 | 17.65 | 3.33 | 16.67 | 46 | 14.02 | 4.17 | 10.83 |
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