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Article(id=1241035549142733184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409528, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815532240, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815532240, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815532240, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815532240, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4561, endPage=4566, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035549427945872, articleId=1241035549142733184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of students’ pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence and spatial aggregation ,Guizhou, 2018-2023, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of student TB patients in the province and analyze their spatial aggregation, 2018-2023, and to further optimize the TB prevention and control measures in schools in the province, as well as to provide scientific reference bases for the relevant departments to formulate practical and effective TB prevention and control policies in schools.

Methods

From the “Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System”, the case data of tuberculosis patients whose current address was within the counties (cities and districts) under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province and whose occupations were students from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023 were derived according to the date of onset, and the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of tuberculosis among students were analyzed by using Excel 2010, SPSS 26 0 and Arc GIS 10 7 software, SPSS 26.0 and Arc GIS 10.7 software to organize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of students' tuberculosis.

Results

There were 23 699 cases of tuberculosis among students in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual registration rate of 40.67/100 000, showing a decreasing trend (trend χ2=1 244, P<0.001). The registration time was mainly concentrated in March-April and August-September each year; the regional distribution was mainly concentrated in Bijie City, Qiandongnan Prefecture, and Zunyi City; the age was mainly 15-19 years old (60.15%); the source of the patients was the largest proportion of referrals (40.08%), and the diagnostic results were mainly pathogenetically negative (65.80%), and the overall delayed rate of consultation for student TB patients during 2018-2023 was 49.01%.The global Moran's I values of student TB registration rates in Guizhou Province during 2018-2023 were all >0, ranging from 0.135 to 0.221, and all were statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of local autocorrelation analysis showed that there were different types of aggregation in the province's aggregation zones in each year, and the number of “high-high” aggregation zones in 2018-2023 were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, and the number of “low-low” aggregation zones were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, and 4, respectively. The number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, the number of “low-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 18, 15, 11, 9, 4, 5, the number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, the number of “low-high” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1.

Conclusion

Guizhou Province, the student tuberculosis patient registration rate is a year-on-year decline in the trend of three inter-distribution is obvious, and the student tuberculosis patient registration non-uniform distribution between areas, and there is obvious spatial aggregation. It is recommended to strengthen active detection in schools, to strengthen health education, and to increase the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in areas of aggregation.

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目的

了解2018—2023年全省学生肺结核患者流行特征并分析其空间聚集性，为进一步优化我省学校结核病防控措施以及为相关部门制定切实有效的学校结核病防控政策提供科学参考依据。

方法

从“传染病报告信息管理系统”中，根据发病日期导出2018年1月1日—2023年12月31日现住址为贵州省所辖县（市、区）内的所有职业为学生的肺结核患者个案资料，采用Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0和Arc GIS 10.7软件整理并分析学生肺结核流行病学特征及空间聚集性。

结果

2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核23 699例，年均登记率为40.67/10万，呈下降趋势（趋势χ2=1 244，P<0.001）。登记时间主要集中在每年的3—4月和8—9月；地区分布主要集中在毕节市、黔东南州以及遵义市；年龄主要以15~19岁为主（60.15%）；患者来源以转诊占比最大（40.08%），诊断结果以病原学阴性为主（65.80%），2018—2023年间学生肺结核患者总体就诊延迟率为49.01%。2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核登记率的全局Moran’s I 值均>0，介于0.135~0.221之间，且均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。局部自相关分析结果显示，全省聚集区在各年度存在不同类型的聚集数量，“高-高”聚集区在2018—2023年的个数分别有：3、2、5、4、3、4个，“低-低”聚集区的个数分别有：18、15、11、9、4、5个，“高-低”聚集区的个数分别有：0、0、1、1、2、4个，“低-高”聚集区的个数分别有：1、1、2、1、1、1个。

结论

贵州省学生肺结核患者登记率呈逐年下降趋势，三间分布明显，学生肺结核患者登记地区间非均匀分布，存在明显空间聚集性。建议加强学校主动发现、强化健康宣教、加大聚集地区学校结核病防控力度。

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李进岚，E-mail:
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王秉萍（1997—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：结核病预防与控制

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019［J］. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222., articleTitle=Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241069999108969066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［2］, rfOrder=1, authorNames=World Health Organization, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=World Health Organization. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Current status of tuberculosis among Chinese students and discussion of newborn tuberculosis screening methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000878965423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=12, pageStart=1376, pageEnd=1379, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［11］, rfOrder=18, authorNames=林相, 贺天锋, 龚德光, journalName=中国预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林相，贺天锋，龚德光，等．宁波市学校肺结核聚集性疫情影响因素分析［J］．中国预防医学杂志, 2023, 24(12): 1376-1379., articleTitle=宁波市学校肺结核聚集性疫情影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000983823025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=12, pageStart=1376, pageEnd=1379, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［11］, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Lin X, He TF, Gong DG, journalName=China Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin X, He TF, Gong DG, et al. 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BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2017, 17(1): 202., articleTitle=Delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in low-and middle-income settings: systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070002476995267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=138, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=25, authorNames=张晓龙, 崔彩岩, 傅颖, journalName=中国学校卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张晓龙，崔彩岩，傅颖，等．学校肺结核疫情风险与指示病例就诊间隔的关联［J］．中国学校卫生, 2024, 45(1): 138-141., articleTitle=学校肺结核疫情风险与指示病例就诊间隔的关联, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070002556687048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=138, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Zhang XL, Cui CY, Fu Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of School Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XL, Cui CY, Fu Y, et al. 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Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 2021, 35(4): 1013-1025., articleTitle=Prevention of mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in health care settings, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069998718898775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, awardId=No. 2020-181-131, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目—贵州省结核病高疫情地区综合防控降低疾病负担模式研究贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目(No. 2020-181-131), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069990745526511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069990753915121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, companyId=1241069990745526511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tuberculosis prevention and control,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069990758109428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, companyId=1241069990745526511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治研究所，贵州 贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069995300540922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Time distribution of registered student tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, figureFileSmall=O07AzxDxyoS3ilgk8U080w==, figureFileBig=bVFZQOiqKoXooOA6yaD8tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995409592831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2018—2023年贵州省登记学生肺结核患者时间分布, figureFileSmall=O07AzxDxyoS3ilgk8U080w==, figureFileBig=bVFZQOiqKoXooOA6yaD8tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995648668164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Registration of student tuberculosis patients in various counties and districts of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023 ［Standard Maps Review No: Qian S(2020)007］, figureFileSmall=Y4Bt2CpECZC8qT1ByvF/Vw==, figureFileBig=Qj6L9REhol370cwuLQzLPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995740942858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2018—2023年贵州省各县区学生肺结核患者登记情况［标准地图审图号：黔S（2020）007号］, figureFileSmall=Y4Bt2CpECZC8qT1ByvF/Vw==, figureFileBig=Qj6L9REhol370cwuLQzLPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995820634636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Trend of overall delayed medical treatment rate for registered students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, figureFileSmall=4SaRn+aP3swLglqStMUplg==, figureFileBig=fWKy36lUD6Exy8HfsCBdFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995950658069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2018—2023年贵州省登记学生肺结核患者总体就诊延迟率变化趋势, figureFileSmall=4SaRn+aP3swLglqStMUplg==, figureFileBig=fWKy36lUD6Exy8HfsCBdFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069996063904281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Local spatial analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Guizhou Province from2018 to2023［Standard Maps Review No: Qian S(2020)007］, figureFileSmall=+E7sY/x7DJ2df/AbvN0W7Q==, figureFileBig=8TG7uBnPfUZzIaFetQg7lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069996177150493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核局部空间分析［标准地图审图号：黔S（2020）007号］, figureFileSmall=+E7sY/x7DJ2df/AbvN0W7Q==, figureFileBig=8TG7uBnPfUZzIaFetQg7lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069996277813796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Registration of tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份全人群学生
登记数
（例）		登记率
（/10万）		登记数
（例）		登记率
（/10万）		占比
（%）
201840 101105.174 95753.3312.36
20193741397.564 55848.0812.18
202034 82690.394 74748.8213.63
202131 22180.993 63737.1311.65
202229 19675.762 92829.3010.03
202331 45881.622 87228.749.13
合计204 21588.5423 69940.6711.60
趋势χ22 2931 244
P值<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996420420142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2018—2023年贵州省肺结核患者登记情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份全人群学生
登记数
（例）		登记率
（/10万）		登记数
（例）		登记率
（/10万）		占比
（%）
201840 101105.174 95753.3312.36
20193741397.564 55848.0812.18
202034 82690.394 74748.8213.63
202131 22180.993 63737.1311.65
202229 19675.762 92829.3010.03
202331 45881.622 87228.749.13
合计204 21588.5423 69940.6711.60
趋势χ22 2931 244
P值<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996542054961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of Registered Student Tuberculosis Patients in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023［n(%)］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目201820192020202120222023合计
性别
男性2 597(52.39)2 340(51.34)2 370(49.93)1 705(46.88)1 364(46.58)1 335(46.48)11 711(49.42)
女性2 360(47.61)2 218(48.66)2 377(50.07)1 932(53.12)1 564(53.42)1 537(53.52)11 988(50.58)
年龄组（岁）
<15618(12.47)583(12.79)701(14.77)653(17.95)642(21.93)742(25.84)3 939(16.62)
15~193 299(66.55)2 944(64.59)2 912(61.34)2 071(56.94)1 513(51.67)1 516(52.79)14 255(60.15)
20~241 018(20.54)1 004(22.03)1 098(23.13)887(24.39)741(25.31)585(20.37)5 333(22.50)
≥2522(0.44)27(0.59)36(0.76)26(0.71)32(1.09)29(1.01)172(0.73)
患者来源
转诊1 793(36.17)1616(35.45)1 667(35.12)1 446(39.76)1 480(50.55)1 496(52.09)9 498(40.08)
追踪672(13.56)593(13.01)697(14.68)573(15.75)747(25.51)750(26.11)4 032(17.01)
因症就诊1 338(26.99)1 182(25.93)1 292(27.22)933(25.65)401(13.70)362(12.60)5 508(23.24)
推介77(1.55)35(0.77)33(0.70)17(0.47)4(0.14)6(0.21)172(0.73)
健康体检996(20.09)913(20.03)762(16.05)546(15.01)226(7.72)207(7.21)3 650(15.40)
主动筛查50(1.01)46(1.01)58(1.22)82(2.25)70(2.39)51(1.78)357(1.51)
其它31(0.63)173(3.8)238(5.01)40(1.10)0(0.00)0(0.00)482(2.03)
病原学结果
阳性1 036(20.90)1 291(28.32)1 660(34.97)1 361(37.42)1 235(42.18)1 363(47.46)7 946(33.53)
阴性3 884(78.35)3 240(71.08)3 053(64.31)2 254(61.97)1 672(57.10)1 492(51.95)15 595(65.80)
无结果37(0.75)27(0.59)34(0.72)22(0.60)21(0.72)17(0.59)158(0.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998056198714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2018—2023年贵州省登记学生肺结核患者人群分布［n(%)］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目201820192020202120222023合计
性别
男性2 597(52.39)2 340(51.34)2 370(49.93)1 705(46.88)1 364(46.58)1 335(46.48)11 711(49.42)
女性2 360(47.61)2 218(48.66)2 377(50.07)1 932(53.12)1 564(53.42)1 537(53.52)11 988(50.58)
年龄组（岁）
<15618(12.47)583(12.79)701(14.77)653(17.95)642(21.93)742(25.84)3 939(16.62)
15~193 299(66.55)2 944(64.59)2 912(61.34)2 071(56.94)1 513(51.67)1 516(52.79)14 255(60.15)
20~241 018(20.54)1 004(22.03)1 098(23.13)887(24.39)741(25.31)585(20.37)5 333(22.50)
≥2522(0.44)27(0.59)36(0.76)26(0.71)32(1.09)29(1.01)172(0.73)
患者来源
转诊1 793(36.17)1616(35.45)1 667(35.12)1 446(39.76)1 480(50.55)1 496(52.09)9 498(40.08)
追踪672(13.56)593(13.01)697(14.68)573(15.75)747(25.51)750(26.11)4 032(17.01)
因症就诊1 338(26.99)1 182(25.93)1 292(27.22)933(25.65)401(13.70)362(12.60)5 508(23.24)
推介77(1.55)35(0.77)33(0.70)17(0.47)4(0.14)6(0.21)172(0.73)
健康体检996(20.09)913(20.03)762(16.05)546(15.01)226(7.72)207(7.21)3 650(15.40)
主动筛查50(1.01)46(1.01)58(1.22)82(2.25)70(2.39)51(1.78)357(1.51)
其它31(0.63)173(3.8)238(5.01)40(1.10)0(0.00)0(0.00)482(2.03)
病原学结果
阳性1 036(20.90)1 291(28.32)1 660(34.97)1 361(37.42)1 235(42.18)1 363(47.46)7 946(33.53)
阴性3 884(78.35)3 240(71.08)3 053(64.31)2 254(61.97)1 672(57.10)1 492(51.95)15 595(65.80)
无结果37(0.75)27(0.59)34(0.72)22(0.60)21(0.72)17(0.59)158(0.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998165250623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Global autocorrelation analysis of tuberculosis registration rate among students in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023

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年份Moran’sI值Z值P值
20180.2022.7990.005
20190.2113.0530.002
20200.1351.9680.048
20210.2173.0120.003
20220.1792.4760.013
20230.2213.0460.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998274302535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核登记率全局自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Moran’sI值Z值P值
20180.2022.7990.005
20190.2113.0530.002
20200.1351.9680.048
20210.2173.0120.003
20220.1792.4760.013
20230.2213.0460.002
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998395937354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Localized spatial autocorrelation clustering regional distribution of tuberculosis among students in Guizhou Provincefrom 2018 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份聚集区类型
“高-高”聚集区“高-低”聚集区“低-高”聚集区“低-低”聚集区
2018德江县、镇远县、石阡县-台江县玉屏县、万山区、碧江区、江口县、云岩区、南明区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、清镇市、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、平坝区、龙里县、贵定县、长顺县
2019纳雍县、普定县-赫章县玉屏县、碧江区、天柱县、云岩区、南明区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、龙里县、贵定县、长顺县
2020镇远县、石阡县、施秉县、台江县、凯里市云岩区三穗县、余庆县天柱县、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、清镇市、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、龙里县、贵定县
2021黄平县、凯里市、台江县、施秉县云岩区大方县碧江区、万山区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、修文县、息烽县、龙里县
2022赫章县、凯里市、台江县云岩区、荔波县丹寨县碧江区、玉屏县、岑巩县、都匀市
2023威宁县、钟山区、大方县、织金县云岩区、天柱县、三都县、罗甸县金沙县碧江区、万山区、玉屏县、岑巩县、开阳县
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998525960783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035549142733184, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核局部空间自相关聚类地区分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份聚集区类型
“高-高”聚集区“高-低”聚集区“低-高”聚集区“低-低”聚集区
2018德江县、镇远县、石阡县-台江县玉屏县、万山区、碧江区、江口县、云岩区、南明区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、清镇市、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、平坝区、龙里县、贵定县、长顺县
2019纳雍县、普定县-赫章县玉屏县、碧江区、天柱县、云岩区、南明区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、龙里县、贵定县、长顺县
2020镇远县、石阡县、施秉县、台江县、凯里市云岩区三穗县、余庆县天柱县、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、清镇市、修文县、开阳县、息烽县、龙里县、贵定县
2021黄平县、凯里市、台江县、施秉县云岩区大方县碧江区、万山区、观山湖区、白云区、乌当区、花溪区、修文县、息烽县、龙里县
2022赫章县、凯里市、台江县云岩区、荔波县丹寨县碧江区、玉屏县、岑巩县、都匀市
2023威宁县、钟山区、大方县、织金县云岩区、天柱县、三都县、罗甸县金沙县碧江区、万山区、玉屏县、岑巩县、开阳县
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2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核流行特征及空间聚集性分析
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王秉萍 , 李进岚 , 陈玮 , 何昱颖 , 杨婕
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(24): 4561-4566
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(24): 4561-4566
2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核流行特征及空间聚集性分析
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王秉萍, 李进岚 , 陈玮, 何昱颖, 杨婕
作者信息
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治研究所，贵州 贵阳 550004

    • 王秉萍（1997—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：结核病预防与控制

通讯作者:

李进岚，E-mail:
Analysis of students’ pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence and spatial aggregation ,Guizhou, 2018-2023
Bing-ping WANG, Jin-lan LI , Wei CHEN, Yu-ying HE, Jie YANG
Affiliations
  • Tuberculosis prevention and control,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409528
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摘要
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目的

了解2018—2023年全省学生肺结核患者流行特征并分析其空间聚集性，为进一步优化我省学校结核病防控措施以及为相关部门制定切实有效的学校结核病防控政策提供科学参考依据。

方法

从“传染病报告信息管理系统”中，根据发病日期导出2018年1月1日—2023年12月31日现住址为贵州省所辖县（市、区）内的所有职业为学生的肺结核患者个案资料，采用Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0和Arc GIS 10.7软件整理并分析学生肺结核流行病学特征及空间聚集性。

结果

2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核23 699例，年均登记率为40.67/10万，呈下降趋势（趋势χ2=1 244，P<0.001）。登记时间主要集中在每年的3—4月和8—9月；地区分布主要集中在毕节市、黔东南州以及遵义市；年龄主要以15~19岁为主（60.15%）；患者来源以转诊占比最大（40.08%），诊断结果以病原学阴性为主（65.80%），2018—2023年间学生肺结核患者总体就诊延迟率为49.01%。2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核登记率的全局Moran’s I 值均>0，介于0.135~0.221之间，且均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。局部自相关分析结果显示，全省聚集区在各年度存在不同类型的聚集数量，“高-高”聚集区在2018—2023年的个数分别有：3、2、5、4、3、4个，“低-低”聚集区的个数分别有：18、15、11、9、4、5个，“高-低”聚集区的个数分别有：0、0、1、1、2、4个，“低-高”聚集区的个数分别有：1、1、2、1、1、1个。

结论

贵州省学生肺结核患者登记率呈逐年下降趋势，三间分布明显，学生肺结核患者登记地区间非均匀分布，存在明显空间聚集性。建议加强学校主动发现、强化健康宣教、加大聚集地区学校结核病防控力度。

学生  /  肺结核  /  流行特征  /  空间聚集性
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of student TB patients in the province and analyze their spatial aggregation, 2018-2023, and to further optimize the TB prevention and control measures in schools in the province, as well as to provide scientific reference bases for the relevant departments to formulate practical and effective TB prevention and control policies in schools.

Methods

From the “Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System”, the case data of tuberculosis patients whose current address was within the counties (cities and districts) under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province and whose occupations were students from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023 were derived according to the date of onset, and the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of tuberculosis among students were analyzed by using Excel 2010, SPSS 26 0 and Arc GIS 10 7 software, SPSS 26.0 and Arc GIS 10.7 software to organize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of students' tuberculosis.

Results

There were 23 699 cases of tuberculosis among students in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual registration rate of 40.67/100 000, showing a decreasing trend (trend χ2=1 244, P<0.001). The registration time was mainly concentrated in March-April and August-September each year; the regional distribution was mainly concentrated in Bijie City, Qiandongnan Prefecture, and Zunyi City; the age was mainly 15-19 years old (60.15%); the source of the patients was the largest proportion of referrals (40.08%), and the diagnostic results were mainly pathogenetically negative (65.80%), and the overall delayed rate of consultation for student TB patients during 2018-2023 was 49.01%.The global Moran's I values of student TB registration rates in Guizhou Province during 2018-2023 were all >0, ranging from 0.135 to 0.221, and all were statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of local autocorrelation analysis showed that there were different types of aggregation in the province's aggregation zones in each year, and the number of “high-high” aggregation zones in 2018-2023 were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, and the number of “low-low” aggregation zones were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, and 4, respectively. The number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, the number of “low-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 18, 15, 11, 9, 4, 5, the number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, the number of “low-high” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1.

Conclusion

Guizhou Province, the student tuberculosis patient registration rate is a year-on-year decline in the trend of three inter-distribution is obvious, and the student tuberculosis patient registration non-uniform distribution between areas, and there is obvious spatial aggregation. It is recommended to strengthen active detection in schools, to strengthen health education, and to increase the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in areas of aggregation.

Students  /  Tuberculosis  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Spatial aggregation
王秉萍, 李进岚, 陈玮, 何昱颖, 杨婕. 2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核流行特征及空间聚集性分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4561 -4566 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409528
Bing-ping WANG, Jin-lan LI, Wei CHEN, Yu-ying HE, Jie YANG. Analysis of students’ pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence and spatial aggregation ,Guizhou, 2018-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4561 -4566 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409528
正文
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结核病（Tuberculosis，TB）是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的、主要通过呼吸道传播的慢性传染性疾病，也是严重危害公众健康的全球性公共卫生问题[1]。《2023年全球结核病报告》显示[2]，我国结核病新发患者数为74.8万，在30个结核病高负担国家中排第3位。虽近年来结核疫情逐年下降[3]，但学校作为高度集中的场所，一旦发生结核病就很容易发生校园内的传播流行[4]。因此，本研究通过分析2018—2023年贵州省登记的学生肺结核患者流行特征及其空间聚集性，为精准掌握学生肺结核患者空间分布情况，明确重点防控区域，从而开展有针对性的监测、预警和控制，为进一步优化我省学校结核病防控措施以及为相关部门制定切实有效的学校结核病防控政策提供科学参考依据。
1 资料与方法
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1.1 资料来源
学生肺结核登记资料来源于“中国疾病预防控制系统”中的“传染病报告信息管理系统”。人口学资料来源于2018—2023年贵州统计年鉴和贵州年鉴，人口数据为常住人口，学生人数为在校学生数。地图资料采用的是贵州省政区矢量图，来自于国家基础地理信息中心，标准地图审图号：黔S（2020）007号，底图无修改。
1.2 研究方法
从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中的“传染病报告信息管理系统”，根据发病日期，导出2018年1月1日至2023年12月31日现住址为贵州省所辖县（市、区）内的所有职业为学生的肺结核患者个案资料，剔除诊断为非结核分枝杆菌感染和肺外结核的患者。采用Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0和Arc GIS 10.7软件整理并分析学生肺结核流行病学特征及空间聚集性。
1.3 统计分析
采用Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0、Arc GIS 10.6软件对数据进行统计分析，Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0主要用于描述性和分析性统计分析，Arc GIS 10.6用于全局和局部自相关分析以及数据可视化展示。检验水准α=0.05。
2 结果
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2.1 流行特征分析
2.1.1 患者登记情况
2018—2023年贵州省累计登记肺结核患者共204 215例，年均登记率为88.54/10万，其中学生肺结核23 699例，年均登记率为40.67/10万，总体登记率均呈下降趋势（趋势χ2全人群=2 293，P<0.001、趋势χ2学生=1 244，P<0.001）。学生肺结核患者登记占全人群的比例呈下降趋势，从2018年的12.36%下降至2023年的9.13%。同时，全人群肺结核患者登记率的年均递降率低于学生，分别为4.14%和9.79%。见表1。
2.1.2 时间分布
2018—2023年间，贵州省学生肺结核患者登记具有明显季节性，每年每月均有病例，整体在3—4月、8—9月相对较多，占比分别为10.28%、9.60%、9.41%和9.69%。见图1。
2.1.3 地区分布
2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核患者登记率高的地区主要集中在西北方向的毕节市、东部的黔东南州以及北部的遵义市，其中年均登记率在93.47/10万—161.89/10万的有8个县（市、区），66.46/10万—93.47/10万的有14个县（市、区），48.78/10万—66.46/10万的有22个县（市、区），32.96/10万—48.78/10万的有25个县（市、区），6.16/10万—32.96/10万的有19个县（市、区）。见图2。
2.1.4 人群分布
性别分布：2018—2023年共登记学生肺结核男性11 711例（49.42%）、女性11 988例（50.58%）。
年龄分布：2018—2023年间，贵州省学生肺结核患者以15~19岁为主（60.15%）其次是20~24岁（22.50%）。<15岁的占比呈上升趋势，从2018年的12.47%上升至2023年的25.84%。
2.1.5 就诊特征
患者来源：患者来源以转诊占比最多（40.08%），其次是因症就诊（23.23%），主动筛查仅占1.51%。
病原学结果：诊断结果以病原学阴性为主，占比为65.80%。病原学阳性占比为33.53%，呈逐年上升趋势，由2018年的20.9%上升至2023年的47.46%。见表2。
就诊延迟情况：2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核患者总体就诊延迟率为49.01%，由2018年的47.87%上升至2019年的50.20%，再由2019年的50.20%下降至2023年的47.56%，呈先升后降趋势。见图3。
2.2 空间聚集性分析
2.2.1 全局空间自相关分析
2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核患者登记率的Moran I值均>0，介于0.135~0.221之间，且均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），提示贵州省各年度学生肺结核登记率均呈明显的空间聚集性分布，其中2023年学生肺结核登记整体表现聚集性最高（Moran I=0.221），2020年最低（Moran I=0.135）。见表3。
2.2.2 局部空间自相关分析
局部自相关分析结果可以发现，全省聚集区在不同年份的不同地区有不同的数量，“高-高”聚集区在2018—2023年的个数分别有：3、2、5、4、3、4个，“低-低”聚集区的个数分别有：18、15、11、9、4、5个，“高-低”聚集区的个数分别有：0、0、1、1、2、4个，“低-高”聚集区的个数分别有：1、1、2、1、1、1个，见图4。局部自相关聚类具体分布地区见表4。
3 讨论
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2018—2023年贵州省学生肺结核患者年均登记率为40.67/10万，低于全人群的88.54/10万，但高于江西省（12.52/10万）[5]和吉林省（19.40/10万）[6]学生人群的研究，且呈逐年下降的趋势，年均递降率为9.79%。提示学校结核病防控工作取得明显成效，这可能与不断加强学校结核病防控的政策和技术支持有关[7]。贵州省将学校结核病防控工作放在突出重要位置，从国家和省级层面出台了《学校结核病防控工作规范（2020版）》、《贵州省学校肺结核潜伏感染学生预防性治疗实施办法（试行）》等一系列学校结核病防治规范和指导文件。2018—2023年学生肺结核患者登记在每年的3—4月、8—9月出现明显高峰，这可能与每年的中高考体检、新生入学筛查工作有关。在2020年的小高峰出现在5月和6月，可能原因是该年受新冠疫情影响，学生结核病筛查体检出现推迟[8]。学生肺结核患者年均登记率地区分布主要集中在西北方向的毕节市、东部的黔东南州以及北部的遵义市，8个年均登记率高于100/10万的县（市、区），都属于毕节市和黔东南州，这与全人群的研究结果一致[9]。因此我省在注重加大对学生肺结核重点地区的防控力度的同时，也要加强对学生聚集性疫情重点地区的新生入学筛查。年龄以15~19岁占比最多，这与江西省[5]研究结果一致。可能的原因有：一是与在这个年龄段的学生正处于青春期，学习压力比较大，缺乏锻炼导致身体抵抗力下降等因素有关[10]；二是初高中学生大多数是寄宿制，学生居住集中，易发生呼吸道传染病聚集性感染[11]。提示贵州省学校结核病防控工作应以初高中学生为重点人群有针对性地开展。
贵州省学生肺结核患者发现方式以转诊为主，这与其他省相关研究一致[5, 12]，提示贵州省学生肺结核患者发现仍以被动发现方式为主，且追踪占比呈上升趋势，说明学生对结核病防治知识认识还不到位。6年来贵州省学生病原学阳性肺结核患者登记呈逐年上升趋势，可能原因是在全省范围内推广和运用结核病快速分子检测技术[13]，从而提高了病原学阳性患者的发现能力。2018—2023年间学生肺结核患者出现就诊延迟率为49.01%，略低于肖月等[12]对四川省学生的研究结果（53.50%）。Getnet等研究表明，肺结核患者就诊延迟是导致结核传播及耐药结核产生的主要原因[14]，就诊延迟导致学生患者不能及时发现和规范治疗，容易导致学校出现肺结核聚集性疫情，同时增加患者的疾病负担[15]。提示在今后的学校结核病防控工作过程中应重点关注这类人群，减少此类人群就诊延迟的发生，实现结核病早发现、早诊断、早治疗，防止结核病在校内传播。
本研究全局空间自相关结果显示贵州省学生肺结核患者在2018—2023年间的登记均存在空间聚集性，并非随机分布，即Moran I值均大于0。在“高-高”聚集地区中，其所在市州除贵阳市外的学生肺结核登记率也较高，位于全省前列，提示这些地区为全省学生肺结核疫情较严重且聚集性较高的地区，结核病传播风险较高，建议制定有针对性的区域防控措施，优化学校结核病防控卫生资源配置，加大学生结核病健康宣传力度。在“低-低”集聚区中，在2018—2021年间，“低-低”集聚区数量有减少的趋势，且值得注意的是，存在由“低-低”聚集区转变为“高-低”聚集区的地区，提示在今后的防控工作中，建议围绕“高-高”聚集区和“低-低”聚集区开展连续性监测和因素分析，争取将我省“高-高”集聚区向“低-低”集聚区转变，“高-高”聚集区数量保持在较低水平，减少结核病传播的风险。肺结核作为一种呼吸道传染疾病，会受到相邻地区发病情况的影响，邻近区域的人员流动会促进肺结核的传播和流行[16]，使得非“高-高”集聚区发展为“高-高”集聚区，提示应做好周边地区学生肺结核的监测和预警工作，力争在源头上控制学生肺结核的发生和流行，防止其发展成为“高-高”集聚区。
本研究通过描述贵州省学生肺结核流行特征并分析其空间聚集情况，较为全面地识别了贵州省学生肺结核的空间相关性以及高风险聚集地区，但对导致学生肺结核流行产生的空间差异及聚集地区发生的动态变化的政治、经济、文化、环境等影响因素尚未研究。在后期的研究中，将围绕集聚区和非集聚区在经济状况、防控措施、文化水平等方面开展更加深入地探讨，为学校结核病防控提供更加全面的理论依据。
基金
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  • 贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目—贵州省结核病高疫情地区综合防控降低疾病负担模式研究贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目(No. 2020-181-131)
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409528
  • 接收时间：2024-09-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-30
基金
贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目—贵州省结核病高疫情地区综合防控降低疾病负担模式研究贵州省发改委省级基本建设前期工作项目(No. 2020-181-131)
作者信息
    贵州省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治研究所，贵州 贵阳 550004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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