Article(id=1241035548106748689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531993, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531993, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531993, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531993, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4529, endPage=4535, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035548966581050, articleId=1241035548106748689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of sleep quality on the risk of suicide among medical students: mediating effect of depression and moderating effect of academic stress, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of sleep quality on suicide risk among medical students and the role of depression and academic stress in the relationship.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of 3 521 current medical students was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleepiness Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Academic Stress Score. SPSS 26.0 was applied for descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis of the data, and PROCESS plug-in was used for the moderated mediation test.

Results

Sleep quality index positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.315); depression partially mediated the association between sleep quality and suicide risk (β=0.233, 95% CI: 0.174-0.297), with a mediating effect accounting for 74.19% of the total effect; academic stress moderated the first half path of the mediation model (β=0.093), i.e., moderated the effect of sleep quality on depression.

Conclusion

Sleep quality increases the risk of suicide among medical students by affecting depression; reducing academic stress reduces the effect of sleep quality on depression among medical students.

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目的

探讨睡眠质量对医学生自杀风险的影响,以及抑郁和学业压力在二者关系之间的作用。

方法

采用匹兹堡睡眠量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、贝克自杀意念量表以及学业压力评分对3 521名在校医学生进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 26.0对数据进行描述统计、独立样本t检验、方差分析及相关分析,采用PROCESS插件进行有调节的中介检验。

结果

睡眠质量指数正向预测自杀风险(β=0.315);抑郁在睡眠质量与自杀风险之间起部分中介作用(β=0.233, 95% CI:0.174~0.297),中介效应占总效应的74.19%;学业压力调节了中介模型的前半路径(β=0.093),即调节了睡眠质量对抑郁的影响。

结论

睡眠质量通过影响抑郁从而增加医学生的自杀风险;降低学业压力可以减少睡眠质量对医学生抑郁情绪的影响。

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陈松婷,E-mail:
程宇琪,E-mail:
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刘娇(1999— ),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床心理与咨询;

阮铭君(1996—),女,硕士,初级技师,研究方向:临床心理与咨询

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BMC Psychiatry, 2024, 24(1): 172., articleTitle=Associations of perceived stress with loneliness and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of sleep quality, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069998513386397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, awardId=82060259, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(82060259), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069998593078179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, awardId=YWLCYXZX20221005, language=CN, fundingSource=精神疾病临床医学中心经费精神科(YWLCYXZX20221005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069998723101610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, awardId=202401AY070001-031, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202401AY070001-031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069989281722868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989290111480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, companyId=1241069989281722868, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989302694392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, companyId=1241069989281722868, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆明医科大学第一附属医院精神科,昆明 650032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069989424329222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989432717833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, companyId=1241069989424329222, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.昆明医科大学第一附属医院学生工作办公室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069989529186836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989545964054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, companyId=1241069989529186836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.昆明医科大学第一附属医院公共卫生科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069989688570403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989701153319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, companyId=1241069989688570403, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.云南省精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069995434767180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mediation model diagram with regulation, figureFileSmall=JHp2bZ180XNbI9UCWPQBnw==, figureFileBig=NC+NnArzzqXLr6r130030g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995552207698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=图1, caption=有调节的中介模型图

注:a为睡眠质量对抑郁的影响系数;b为抑郁对自杀风险的影响系数;c为睡眠质量对自杀风险的总效应;c’为在控制抑郁后,睡眠质量对自杀风险的直接效应。

, figureFileSmall=JHp2bZ180XNbI9UCWPQBnw==, figureFileBig=NC+NnArzzqXLr6r130030g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995665453913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n百分比
(%)
睡眠质量很好1 68147.74
还行 87324.79
一般 47213.41
很差 49514.06
抑郁2 48370.52
轻度 82823.52
中度 144 4.09
中重度46 1.31
重度20 0.57
自杀风险3 20591.03
316 8.97
压力源不感兴趣/学不懂 91025.84
不好找工作1 52343.25
成绩不好 90525.70
与学业无关的事情太多1 28836.58
临床工作与学业无法兼顾1 36738.82
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995736757086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类n百分比
(%)
睡眠质量很好1 68147.74
还行 87324.79
一般 47213.41
很差 49514.06
抑郁2 48370.52
轻度 82823.52
中度 144 4.09
中重度46 1.31
重度20 0.57
自杀风险3 20591.03
316 8.97
压力源不感兴趣/学不懂 91025.84
不好找工作1 52343.25
成绩不好 90525.70
与学业无关的事情太多1 28836.58
临床工作与学业无法兼顾1 36738.82
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995820643171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Independent-sample t test(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类睡眠质量tP抑郁tP
性别男(n=1 156)7.52±7.47-0.9080.3642.75±4.08-4.262<0.001
女(n=2 365)7.75±6.903.35±3.85
教育程度本科(n=2 325)7.64±7.19-0.3640.7163.15±4.01-0.0480.962
研究生(n=1 196)7.74±6.893.16±3.79
户籍农村(n=2 242)7.62±7.03-0.6450.5193.12±3.82-0.6600.509
城市(n=1 279)7.78±7.193.31±4.14
变量分类学业压力tP自杀风险tP
性别男(n=1 156)6.54±2.90-0.3680.7130.84±3.011.7060.088
女(n=2 365)6.57±2.500.67±2.31
教育程度本科(n=2 325)6.64±2.632.5400.0110.82±2.783.3690.001
研究生(n=1 196)6.40±2.630.54±2.07
户籍农村(n=2 242)6.58±2.610.5630.5730.68±1.61-1.3250.185
城市(n=1 279)6.53±2.670.81±1.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995950666600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

独立样本t检验(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类睡眠质量tP抑郁tP
性别男(n=1 156)7.52±7.47-0.9080.3642.75±4.08-4.262<0.001
女(n=2 365)7.75±6.903.35±3.85
教育程度本科(n=2 325)7.64±7.19-0.3640.7163.15±4.01-0.0480.962
研究生(n=1 196)7.74±6.893.16±3.79
户籍农村(n=2 242)7.62±7.03-0.6450.5193.12±3.82-0.6600.509
城市(n=1 279)7.78±7.193.31±4.14
变量分类学业压力tP自杀风险tP
性别男(n=1 156)6.54±2.90-0.3680.7130.84±3.011.7060.088
女(n=2 365)6.57±2.500.67±2.31
教育程度本科(n=2 325)6.64±2.632.5400.0110.82±2.783.3690.001
研究生(n=1 196)6.40±2.630.54±2.07
户籍农村(n=2 242)6.58±2.610.5630.5730.68±1.61-1.3250.185
城市(n=1 279)6.53±2.670.81±1.85
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996072301421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

One-way analysis of variance(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专业睡眠质量抑郁学业压力自杀风险
临床医学(n=1 983)7.62±6.983.11±3.836.52±2.640.63±2.22
全科医学(n=281)8.41±7.013.17±3.776.57±2.690.80±2.51
麻醉(n=446)7.45±7.033.29±4.116.59±2.630.83±2.24
眼视光医学(n=134)8.21±7.873.72±5.066.56±2.711.46±5.03
儿科(n=413)7.53±7.273.10±3.816.59±2.650.69±2.45
医学影像技术(n=264)7.63±7.373.09±4.206.77±2.450.89±3.59
F0.9140.7490.4451.520
P0.4710.5870.8170.181
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996189741937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单因素方差分析(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专业睡眠质量抑郁学业压力自杀风险
临床医学(n=1 983)7.62±6.983.11±3.836.52±2.640.63±2.22
全科医学(n=281)8.41±7.013.17±3.776.57±2.690.80±2.51
麻醉(n=446)7.45±7.033.29±4.116.59±2.630.83±2.24
眼视光医学(n=134)8.21±7.873.72±5.066.56±2.711.46±5.03
儿科(n=413)7.53±7.273.10±3.816.59±2.650.69±2.45
医学影像技术(n=264)7.63±7.373.09±4.206.77±2.450.89±3.59
F0.9140.7490.4451.520
P0.4710.5870.8170.181
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996286210936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234
1.睡眠质量7.68±7.09-
2.抑郁3.16±3.940.632a-
3.学业压力6.56±2.630.210a0.233a-
4.自杀风险0.73±2.560.314a0.417a0.068a-
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996441400191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

描述性统计与相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234
1.睡眠质量7.68±7.09-
2.抑郁3.16±3.940.632a-
3.学业压力6.56±2.630.210a0.233a-
4.自杀风险0.73±2.560.314a0.417a0.068a-
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996542063492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediation effect test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁(Y1自杀(Y2
β(95% CISEtβ(95% CISEt
睡眠质量(X)0.631(0.606~0.657)0.01348.449a0.081(0.043~0.120)0.0204.133a
抑郁(M)0.370(0.331~0.408)0.02018.742a
R20.4030.184
F792.574a198.133a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998043624327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁(Y1自杀(Y2
β(95% CISEtβ(95% CISEt
睡眠质量(X)0.631(0.606~0.657)0.01348.449a0.081(0.043~0.120)0.0204.133a
抑郁(M)0.370(0.331~0.408)0.02018.742a
R20.4030.184
F792.574a198.133a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998140093326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The moderated mediating effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁(Y1自杀风险(Y2
β(95% CISEtβ(95% CISEt
睡眠质量(X)0.589(0.563~0.616)0.01443.808a0.090(0.052~0.129)0.0204.549a
抑郁(M)0.382(0.342~0.423)0.02118.504a
学业压力评价(W)0.128(0.102~0.155)0.0149.43a-0.051(-0.08~-0.02)0.017-3.036
X*W0.093(0.066~0.120)0.0146.72a-0.038(-0.078~0.002)0.021-1.838
M*W-0.002(-0.044~0.040)0.0210.097
R20.4210.187
F511.524a115.219a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998257533844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035548106748689, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

有调节的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁(Y1自杀风险(Y2
β(95% CISEtβ(95% CISEt
睡眠质量(X)0.589(0.563~0.616)0.01443.808a0.090(0.052~0.129)0.0204.549a
抑郁(M)0.382(0.342~0.423)0.02118.504a
学业压力评价(W)0.128(0.102~0.155)0.0149.43a-0.051(-0.08~-0.02)0.017-3.036
X*W0.093(0.066~0.120)0.0146.72a-0.038(-0.078~0.002)0.021-1.838
M*W-0.002(-0.044~0.040)0.0210.097
R20.4210.187
F511.524a115.219a
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睡眠质量对医学生自杀风险的影响:抑郁的中介作用和学业压力的调节作用
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刘娇 1 , 阮铭君 1 , 莫艳明 2 , 赵云欢 2 , 吉丽娟 2 , 陈松婷 3 , 程宇琪 4
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(24): 4529-4535
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(24): 4529-4535
睡眠质量对医学生自杀风险的影响:抑郁的中介作用和学业压力的调节作用
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刘娇1, 阮铭君1, 莫艳明2, 赵云欢2, 吉丽娟2, 陈松婷3 , 程宇琪4
作者信息
  • 1.昆明医科大学第一附属医院精神科,昆明 650032
  • 2.昆明医科大学第一附属医院学生工作办公室
  • 3.昆明医科大学第一附属医院公共卫生科
  • 4.云南省精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心
  • 刘娇(1999— ),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床心理与咨询;

    阮铭君(1996—),女,硕士,初级技师,研究方向:临床心理与咨询

通讯作者:

陈松婷,E-mail:
程宇琪,E-mail:
Impact of sleep quality on the risk of suicide among medical students: mediating effect of depression and moderating effect of academic stress
Jiao LIU1, Ming-jun RUAN1, Yan-ming MO2, Yun-huan ZHAO2, Li-juan JI2, Song-ting CHEN3 , Yu-qi CHENG4
Affiliations
  • Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407163
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目的

探讨睡眠质量对医学生自杀风险的影响,以及抑郁和学业压力在二者关系之间的作用。

方法

采用匹兹堡睡眠量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、贝克自杀意念量表以及学业压力评分对3 521名在校医学生进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 26.0对数据进行描述统计、独立样本t检验、方差分析及相关分析,采用PROCESS插件进行有调节的中介检验。

结果

睡眠质量指数正向预测自杀风险(β=0.315);抑郁在睡眠质量与自杀风险之间起部分中介作用(β=0.233, 95% CI:0.174~0.297),中介效应占总效应的74.19%;学业压力调节了中介模型的前半路径(β=0.093),即调节了睡眠质量对抑郁的影响。

结论

睡眠质量通过影响抑郁从而增加医学生的自杀风险;降低学业压力可以减少睡眠质量对医学生抑郁情绪的影响。

睡眠质量  /  学业压力  /  抑郁  /  自杀风险  /  医学生
Objective

To investigate the effect of sleep quality on suicide risk among medical students and the role of depression and academic stress in the relationship.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of 3 521 current medical students was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleepiness Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Academic Stress Score. SPSS 26.0 was applied for descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis of the data, and PROCESS plug-in was used for the moderated mediation test.

Results

Sleep quality index positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.315); depression partially mediated the association between sleep quality and suicide risk (β=0.233, 95% CI: 0.174-0.297), with a mediating effect accounting for 74.19% of the total effect; academic stress moderated the first half path of the mediation model (β=0.093), i.e., moderated the effect of sleep quality on depression.

Conclusion

Sleep quality increases the risk of suicide among medical students by affecting depression; reducing academic stress reduces the effect of sleep quality on depression among medical students.

Sleep quality  /  Academic stress  /  Depression  /  Suicide risk  /  Medical students
刘娇, 阮铭君, 莫艳明, 赵云欢, 吉丽娟, 陈松婷, 程宇琪. 睡眠质量对医学生自杀风险的影响:抑郁的中介作用和学业压力的调节作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4529 -4535 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407163
Jiao LIU, Ming-jun RUAN, Yan-ming MO, Yun-huan ZHAO, Li-juan JI, Song-ting CHEN, Yu-qi CHENG. Impact of sleep quality on the risk of suicide among medical students: mediating effect of depression and moderating effect of academic stress[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4529 -4535 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407163
自杀是一个严重的全球性公共卫生问题,涉及生理、心理和社会等多个方面。据世界卫生组织统计,每年有70.3万人死于自杀,在15~29岁人群中自杀是第四大死因[1]。医学生作为大学生的特殊群体,有着较高的自杀意念[2]。自杀是可以预防的,识别并理解影响自杀的多种因素,对于降低医学生的自杀风险,并制定出有效的预防策略至关重要。
睡眠质量是大学生群体中普遍存在的健康问题,Li等人[3]的报告指出18%~25%的大学生受到睡眠问题的影响,且医学生比其他专业的学生受到的影响更大。睡眠质量是衡量睡眠障碍的标准之一,既往研究发现睡眠质量与自杀意念、自杀行为密切相关[4-5],对睡眠满意度低的大学生有更高的自杀意念[6],因此早期识别和解决睡眠问题及相关影响因素可能有助于降低医学生后续的自杀风险。
此外,抑郁症作为一类常见精神障碍,也是自杀风险的另一个重要预测因素[7]。已有研究表明,医学生比其他专业的学生有更高的抑郁风险[8]。随着抑郁病情的加重,自杀的风险也随之增加[9-10];当抑郁症患者的积极认知、情感和行为得到改善时,有助于降低自杀风险[11]。睡眠质量与抑郁症状高度共病[12],研究发现睡眠和情绪功能的关系主要集中在抑郁情绪上[13],抑郁症状在失眠患者中很常见[5];睡眠问题的增加会导致抑郁症状的加重[14-15]。可见,睡眠质量既可能直接影响自杀风险,也可能通过抑郁间接影响自杀风险,即抑郁在睡眠质量与自杀风险之间可能存在中介效应。
在当前竞争日益激烈的环境下,学业压力对于睡眠质量是一个不可忽视的影响因素[16-17]。研究发现,医学生极端的睡眠质量可能与在临床实习期间的学业负担和压力相关[18-19]。此外,学习压力和睡眠质量之间的作用会进一步增加抑郁的患病风险[20-22],这对于预测自杀风险至关重要。在医学生或卫生工作者中,研究者也发现压力会通过睡眠质量影响抑郁症状[23-24]。因此,本研究推测学业压力可能在睡眠质量→抑郁→自杀风险的路径上发挥调节作用。
综上,本研究将从生物-心理-社会角度出发,构建一个有调节的中介模型,探讨睡眠质量、学业压力、抑郁、自杀风险影响的中介及调节机制,为医学生这一群体自杀风险的早期预防提供理论依据。
本研究采用整群抽样法从昆明医科大学第一临床医学院抽取样本。目标群体为在读本科生和研究生,排除拒绝填写和资料不完整的问卷后,最终得到有效问卷3 521份,回收率87.33%。其中,男生1 156人,女生2 365人,被试的平均年龄为(22.59±3.13)岁;农村学生2 232人,城镇学生1 261人;本科生2 325人,研究生1 196人;临床医学类1 983人,全科医学类281人,麻醉类446人,眼视光医学类134人,儿科类413人,医学影像技术类264人。本研究已通过昆明医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会[(2023)伦审L第210号]。
主要包括医学生的性别、年龄、户籍、年级、专业等。
该量表用于评估医学生过去1个月内的睡眠质量,具有良好信度[25],共有18个条目,由7个维度构成,每个维度计0~3分,分数越高表示睡眠质量越差。总分在0~5表示睡眠很好;6~10表示睡眠还行;11~15表示睡眠一般;16~21表示睡眠很差,即有睡眠障碍。本研究中的Cronbach α为0.868。
该量表共9个条目,采用0 ~ 3分的4级评分,总分介于0~27分之间,用于评估抑郁的严重程度[26]。总分小于5分表示无抑郁;5~10表示轻度抑郁;10~15表示中度抑郁;15~20表示中重度抑郁;大于20表示重度抑郁。本研究中的Cronbach α为0.899。
该量表共有19个条目,在国内具有良好的信效度[27],分为自杀意念和自杀倾向两个维度,采用0~2分的3级评分,总分用于评估个体对生命和死亡的想法,以及自杀风险的严重程度。第4题或第5题分值大于0则代表有自杀风险。本研究中的Cronbach α为0.975。
采用0~10分评估学业压力,0分表示“完全没有压力”,10分表示“压力非常大”,评分越高表明学业压力越大。该学业压力评价方法的有效性在前人研究中得到了验证[22]。结合自编问题,了解医学生学业压力的来源,包括“不感兴趣/学不懂”、“不好找工作”、“成绩不好”、“与学业无关的事情太多”及“临床工作和学业无法兼顾”5个选项。
采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计与分析,使用PROCESS插件进行有调节的中介效应分析。
本次研究中,睡眠质量很好的医学生有1 681人、睡眠质量还行的有873人、睡眠质量一般的有472人、睡眠质量障碍的有495人;有抑郁的医学生有1 038人(29.48%),其中轻度抑郁、中度抑郁、中重度抑郁及重度抑郁的医学生分别有828人、144人、46人、20人;有自杀风险的医学生有316人。对医学生学业压力来源的调查结果表明,压力大是因为“不感兴趣/学不懂”、“不好找工作”、“成绩不好”、“与学业无关的事情太多”及“临床工作与学业无法兼顾”的占比分别为25.84%、43.25%、25.70%、36.58%、38.82%。
对睡眠质量、抑郁、学业压力在人口学变量上进行差异分析,结果见表2表3。女生的抑郁得分显著高于男生(t=4.262,P<0.001),本科生的学业压力(t=2.540,P=0.011)和自杀风险(t=3.369,P=0.001)得分显著高于研究生。各专业之间的睡眠质量、抑郁、学业压力和自杀风险无明显差异。
各变量得分情况详见表4。Pearson相关分析显示医学生的自杀风险与睡眠质量、抑郁、学业压力均呈显著正相关;睡眠质量与抑郁、学业压力呈显著正相关;抑郁与学业压力呈显著正相关,P值均小于0.001。
采用PROCESS宏程序中的Model4进行中介效应检验。以睡眠质量为自变量,抑郁为中介变量,自杀风险为因变量,性别和教育程度为协变量,结果如表5所示。睡眠质量指数显著正向预测抑郁(P<0.001)和自杀风险(P<0.001),抑郁显著正向预测自杀风险(P<0.001)。偏差校正的Bootstrap检验表明,抑郁在睡眠质量与自杀风险之间存在中介效应,95% CI为0.174~0.297,间接效应值为0.233,中介效应占总效应的74.19%。
采用PROCESS宏程序中的模型Model59进行有调节的中介效应检验。以睡眠质量为自变量,抑郁为中介变量,学业压力为调节变量,自杀风险为因变量,性别和教育程度为协变量,结果如表6所示。睡眠质量指数能够显著正向预测自杀(P<0.001),学业压力显著正向预测抑郁(P<0.001),睡眠质量与学业压力的交互项显著正向预测抑郁(P<0.001),95% CI为0.07~0.12,不包含0,说明学业压力可以调节睡眠质量与抑郁之间的关系。
将学业压力按分出高低组作进一步简单斜率检验。结果显示,在低学业压力下,睡眠质量指数对抑郁具有显著的预测作用(Bsimple=0.267, t=22.793, P<0.001),但在高学业压力下,睡眠质量指数对抑郁的预测作用明显增强(Bsimple=0.373, t=40.406, P<0.001)。这提示随着学业压力水平的提高,睡眠质量指数对抑郁及自杀风险的正向预测效应增强。
综上所述,学业压力在中介模型的前半段路径存在调节效应。学业压力处于低、中、高水平时,抑郁的中介效应值分别为0.191(95% CI: 0.077~0.296)、0.225(95% CI: 0.157~0.293)、0.259(95% CI: 0.185~0.346),均不包含0,即随着学业压力水平的提高,抑郁的中介效应越来越强。
当前,有自杀意念和想法的年轻人越来越多[28],而医学生也是自杀的高危群体[29],本研究探讨了睡眠质量与医学生自杀风险的关系,并考察了抑郁的中介作用以及学业压力的调节作用。本研究发现医学生睡眠障碍、抑郁及自杀风险的检出率分别为14.06%、29.48%、8.97%,和前人研究结果相似[29],因此要加强对医学生自杀风险影响因素的识别及干预。
研究结果表明,睡眠质量指数可以显著正向预测医学生的自杀风险,这与前人的研究结果一致[30]。Cáceda等人[31]发现,在RDoC的唤醒和调节系统领域中,睡眠异常可能代表着自杀的潜在风险因素。由于工作需要,医学专业的学生可能因值班、倒班、工作时间不规律等,导致其睡眠时间严重不足。睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律效应会损害个体的额叶和执行功能[30],前额叶皮层的低活动度可能会降低解决问题的能力,增加冲动行为,进而提高自杀的可能性[32]。Zhong等人[33]也发现较差的睡眠质量会影响社会情绪加工脑区的神经功能,导致冲动控制能力下降,增加自杀风险。
本研究纳入抑郁进行中介模型的检验,发现睡眠质量能够通过抑郁对自杀风险产生间接影响,这与前人的研究结果一致[10,34]。研究表明睡眠质量差会影响神经内分泌系统,例如褪黑素的失调、慢性炎症的发生等,这些都和抑郁的发生息息相关[35]。抑郁个体的情绪调节能力较差,容易采取自伤、自杀行为等消极应对方式[9]。睡眠质量与维持个体的健康和幸福感息息相关[36],睡眠问题会使抑郁个体难以调节情绪、控制认知,进而增加自杀的风险[37]。抑郁情绪在医学群体中更为高发[8],由于医学生的专业性要求强,经常会值夜班、倒班等,熬夜、睡眠不足是常态,因此更容易产生抑郁情绪。研究发现,当睡眠质量得到改善时,抑郁和积极情绪都会得到改善[38],这有助于降低自杀风险。
进一步分析表明,学业压力调节了睡眠质量通过抑郁影响医学生自杀风险的中介路径,且调节作用发生在中介过程的前半段路径,后半段路径的调节效应是负值并且没有统计学意义,可能是因为学业压力不是自杀风险的直接影响因素,因此学业压力对中介路径的另外2条路径没有调节效应。但是睡眠质量与学业压力的调节效应表明,与低学业压力的个体相比,睡眠质量对高学业压力的个体抑郁的预测作用更大,有调节的中介效应表明高学业压力会增强抑郁在睡眠质量和自杀风险之间的中介作用,从而增加医学生自杀的风险。有良好睡眠的青少年在面对学业压力时,更倾向于采取积极的应对策略[39],睡眠良好的大学生往往有更高的学业成绩,学业适应能力也更好[4]。Tafoya等人[19]发现,由于昼夜节律紊乱而睡眠质量下降的医学生,在学术压力下更容易抑郁,因此减轻学业压力、提高睡眠质量对于促进心理健康很重要[40],有助于降低自杀风险。通过对医学生学业压力来源的调查,本研究发现医学生的学业压力来源有“与学业无关的事情太多”、“临床工作和学业无法兼顾”等。因此医学院校可以从减轻学生的学业压力着手,提供有针对性的辅导,帮助医学生更好地适应学习。同时要注重筛查和识别有睡眠问题和抑郁情绪的学生,这可能是降低医学生自杀风险,预防自杀行为的有效途径。
本研究存在一些不足,首先,研究结果的样本仅为第一临床学院的医学生,样本的代表性不足,因此结果的推广和应用需考量;其次,获得的结果均为学生的一次性主观报告,后续的研究可增加客观测量数据,通过重复测量以实现变量的多角度评估;最后,本研究探讨变量均为影响自杀的风险因素,未来应结合易感性、保护性因素等[2],对自杀风险影响因素展开多维度的讨论,为预防自杀提供更充分的理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82060259)
  • 精神疾病临床医学中心经费精神科(YWLCYXZX20221005)
  • 云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202401AY070001-031)
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407163
  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(82060259)
精神疾病临床医学中心经费精神科(YWLCYXZX20221005)
云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202401AY070001-031)
作者信息
    1.昆明医科大学第一附属医院精神科,昆明 650032
    2.昆明医科大学第一附属医院学生工作办公室
    3.昆明医科大学第一附属医院公共卫生科
    4.云南省精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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