Article(id=1241035547909616395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407551, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722355200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531946, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531946, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531946, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4517, endPage=4522, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035548551344936, articleId=1241035547909616395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the factors influencing the first diagnosis of elderly people at the grassroots level based on random forest algorithm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of the first visit of elderly people at the grassroots level in China, and further implementing graded diagnosis and treatment policies.

Methods

Based on the 2020 CLASS data, 4 444 elderly people were included, and a chi square test was used to analyze the influencing factors of their primary diagnosis behavior. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of variables with significant impact.

Results

The elderly who living in the eastern region (OR=1.791,95% CI:1.421-2.256) and the central region (OR=1.438,95% CI:1.121-1.846), having a general self-evaluation (OR=1.869,95% CI:1.501-2.327) and self-assessment health (OR=2.342,95% CI:1.869-2.936), having two kinds of chronic diseases (OR=1.379,95% CI:1.174-1.621) and more than two kinds of chronic diseases (OR=2.648,95% CI:2.236-3.137), using health intelligent devices (OR=1.192,95% CI:1.032-1.377), using basic health services(OR=1.756,95% CI:1.527-2.020), college degree or above (OR=1.480,95% CI:1.088-2.012), and Internet access (OR=1.184,95% CI:1.015-1.381) are more willing to go to the grass-roots level for first diagnosis.

Conclusion

The first visit rate of elderly people at the grassroots level still needs to be improved. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity effect of grassroots first visit, improve the utilization rate of grassroots health services, encourage elderly people to use health intelligent devices, increase the construction of grassroots medical and health institutions in western regions, and correctly guide elderly people to form good medical habits.

, correspAuthors=Yi-min ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-yi TANG, Shan-shan LIU, Yi-min ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241035549859967845, articleId=1241035547909616395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于随机森林算法的老年人基层首诊影响因素研究, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析我国老年人基层首诊的影响因素,为进一步落实分级诊疗政策提供参考依据。

方法

基于2020年CLASS数据,纳入4 444名老年人,运用χ2检验分析老年人基层首诊行为影响因素,并采用随机森林模型对有显著影响的变量进行重要性排序。

结果

东部地区(OR=1.791,95% CI:1.421~2.256)与中部地区(OR=1.438,95% CI:1.121~1.846)、自评一般(OR=1.869,95%CI:1.501~2.327)与自评健康(OR=2.342,95% CI:1.869~2.936)、患有2种(OR=1.379,95% CI:1.174~1.621)以及2种以上慢性病(OR=2.648,95% CI:2.236~3.137)、使用健康智能化设备(OR=1.192,95% CI:1.032~1.377)、利用基层卫生服务(OR=1.756,95% CI:1.527~2.020)、文化程度在大专及以上(OR=1.480,95% CI:1.088~2.012)、应用互联网(OR=1.184,95% CI:1.015~1.381)的老年人更愿意到基层首诊。

结论

老年人基层首诊率仍有待提高,要加强基层首诊宣传效果,提升基层卫生服务利用率,鼓励老年人利用健康智能设备,加大对西部地区基层医疗卫生机构的建设力度,正确引导老年人形成良好就医习惯。

, correspAuthors=张宜民, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张宜民,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SF+Mb1tER4/C9LhByhW70A==, magXml=GgaZSCJ1HUnjueq+V8f72w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xf9PvgEbNWdaJNY35n3xEA==, pdfFileSize=683029, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0FdHvrb3+7x/gwgfpIRIoA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=4Ge9oQ7jwvy9QRLpMGExAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

唐馨怡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策研究

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唐馨怡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策研究

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唐馨怡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策研究

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of residents’ willingness and influencing factors of first-visit at grassroots medical institution in a city of Shandong Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069994335850951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, awardId=PWRl2020-05, language=CN, fundingSource=浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2020-05), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069994436514253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, awardId=PWRq2020-15, language=CN, fundingSource=浦东新区卫生系统优秀青年医学人才培养计划(PWRq2020-15), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069994549760469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, awardId=PW2023A-14, language=CN, fundingSource=浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科研项目(PW2023A-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069987457192004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069987465580614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, companyId=1241069987457192004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069987473969224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, companyId=1241069987457192004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069987637547089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069987650130003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, companyId=1241069987637547089, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市浦东卫生发展研究院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241069989084581980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989092970590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, companyId=1241069989084581980, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069991685050706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of sample screening, figureFileSmall=ZzQRZuBXM1NGei0o0zXxMQ==, figureFileBig=8gXvkJosuBWzlf/pXsrwEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069991768936799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样本筛选流程, figureFileSmall=ZzQRZuBXM1NGei0o0zXxMQ==, figureFileBig=8gXvkJosuBWzlf/pXsrwEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069991911543143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ranking of Variable Importance in Random Forest Model, figureFileSmall=7H9PfaBuhTaAdxSamJrJKg==, figureFileBig=i6uBRTrtiChIn8BKJqx8wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069992003817836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=CN, label=图2, caption=随机森林模型变量重要性排序图, figureFileSmall=7H9PfaBuhTaAdxSamJrJKg==, figureFileBig=i6uBRTrtiChIn8BKJqx8wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069992079315315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Error Rate of Gradual Random Forest Bag Estimation, figureFileSmall=JWMOIcdvRCZVU96r/8h5Mw==, figureFileBig=TAXOY0gfx3qrhbaTW3Lj5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069993593459072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=CN, label=图3, caption=逐步随机森林袋外估算误差率图, figureFileSmall=JWMOIcdvRCZVU96r/8h5Mw==, figureFileBig=TAXOY0gfx3qrhbaTW3Lj5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069993698316684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Single factor analysis of elderly people choosing primary healthcare institutions for their first visit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基层卫生服务机构首诊[n(%)]χ2P
地区53.139<0.001
东部1 204(41.8)1 677(58.2)
中部360(33.8)706(66.2)
西部132(26.5)365(73.5)
性别7.1420.008
876(40.2)1 306(59.8)
860(46.3)1 442(63.7)
年龄(岁)18.988<0.001
60~69832(40.3)1 234(59.7)
70~79674(38.4)1 083(61.6)
≥80190(30.6)431(69.4)
城乡类型0.3280.567
农村220(37.1)373(62.9)
城镇1 476(38.4)2 375(61.6)
受教育程度9.1440.010
小学及以下654(36.1)1 158(63.9)
初中~中专941(39.1)1 469(60.9)
大专及以上101(45.5)121(54.5)
婚姻状况1.2880.256
已婚有配1 344(38.6)2 138(61.4)
其他352(36.6)610(63.4)
自评健康9.0860.011
健康879(40.0)1 319(60.0)
一般571(37.6)948(62.4)
246(33.9)481(66.1)
慢性病种类153.476<0.001
≤1604(30.6)1 372(69.4)
2441(36.2)778(63.8)
>2651(52.2)598(47.8)
吸烟情况0.1830.669
111(39.4)171(60.6)
1 585(38.1)2 577(61.9)
两年内住院数(次)6.8330.033
01 250(37.3)2 105(62.7)
1~2417(41.6)586(58.4)
≥329(33.8)57(66.2)
基层卫生服务利用75.390<0.001
703(47.1)791(52.9)
993(33.7)1 957(66.3)
个人年收入(元)27.312<0.001
<5 000566(38.9)890(61.1)
5 000~9 999492(33.3)988(66.7)
10 000~19 999420(41.9)584(58.1)
20 000~29 999178(43.3)234(56.7)
≥30 000218(43.3)286(56.7)
互联网应用23.741<0.001
814(42.5)1 114(57.5)
882(35.1)1 634(64.9)
空巢情况
1 035(37.3)1 743(62.7)2.5820.108
661(39.7)1 005(60.3)
自理能力6.5820.010
完好1 284(37.2)2 171(62.8)
缺陷412(41.7)577(58.3)
健康智能设备利用32.640<0.001
1 123(41.6)1 583(58.4)
573(33.0)1 165(67.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069993794785686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年人选择基层医疗卫生机构首诊的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量基层卫生服务机构首诊[n(%)]χ2P
地区53.139<0.001
东部1 204(41.8)1 677(58.2)
中部360(33.8)706(66.2)
西部132(26.5)365(73.5)
性别7.1420.008
876(40.2)1 306(59.8)
860(46.3)1 442(63.7)
年龄(岁)18.988<0.001
60~69832(40.3)1 234(59.7)
70~79674(38.4)1 083(61.6)
≥80190(30.6)431(69.4)
城乡类型0.3280.567
农村220(37.1)373(62.9)
城镇1 476(38.4)2 375(61.6)
受教育程度9.1440.010
小学及以下654(36.1)1 158(63.9)
初中~中专941(39.1)1 469(60.9)
大专及以上101(45.5)121(54.5)
婚姻状况1.2880.256
已婚有配1 344(38.6)2 138(61.4)
其他352(36.6)610(63.4)
自评健康9.0860.011
健康879(40.0)1 319(60.0)
一般571(37.6)948(62.4)
246(33.9)481(66.1)
慢性病种类153.476<0.001
≤1604(30.6)1 372(69.4)
2441(36.2)778(63.8)
>2651(52.2)598(47.8)
吸烟情况0.1830.669
111(39.4)171(60.6)
1 585(38.1)2 577(61.9)
两年内住院数(次)6.8330.033
01 250(37.3)2 105(62.7)
1~2417(41.6)586(58.4)
≥329(33.8)57(66.2)
基层卫生服务利用75.390<0.001
703(47.1)791(52.9)
993(33.7)1 957(66.3)
个人年收入(元)27.312<0.001
<5 000566(38.9)890(61.1)
5 000~9 999492(33.3)988(66.7)
10 000~19 999420(41.9)584(58.1)
20 000~29 999178(43.3)234(56.7)
≥30 000218(43.3)286(56.7)
互联网应用23.741<0.001
814(42.5)1 114(57.5)
882(35.1)1 634(64.9)
空巢情况
1 035(37.3)1 743(62.7)2.5820.108
661(39.7)1 005(60.3)
自理能力6.5820.010
完好1 284(37.2)2 171(62.8)
缺陷412(41.7)577(58.3)
健康智能设备利用32.640<0.001
1 123(41.6)1 583(58.4)
573(33.0)1 165(67.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069993929003431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Binary regression analysis of elderly people choosing primary healthcare institutions for their first visit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2POR(95% CI
地区(以西部为参照组)
中部0.3640.1278.1620.0041.438(1.121~1.846)
东部0.5830.11824.440<0.0011.791(1.421~2.256)
性别(以女为参照组)
-0.1120.0662.9010.0890.894(0.786~1.017)
年龄(岁,以60~69为参照组)
70~79-0.0700.0760.8540.3480.931(0.802~1.081)
≥80-0.5260.11819.975<0.0010.591(0.469~0.744)
受教育程度(以小学及以下为参照组)
初中~中专0.0530.0740.5190.4711.055(0.913~1.218)
大专及以上0.3920.1576.2360.0131.480(1.088~2.012)
自评健康(以不健康为参照组)
一般0.6260.11231.310<0.0011.869(1.501~2.327)
健康0.8510.11554.550<0.0012.342(1.869~2.936)
慢性病种类(以≤1为参照组)
20.3220.08215.252<0.0011.379(1.174~1.621)
>20.9740.086127.005<0.0012.648(2.236~3.137)
基层卫生服务利用(以否为参照组)
0.5630.07162.373<0.0011.756(1.527~2.020)
个人年收入(元,以<5 000为参照组)
5 000~9 999-0.5140.08536.966<0.0010.598(0.507~0.706)
10 000~19 999-0.2520.1105.2180.0220.777(0.626~0.965)
20 000~29 999-0.0910.1240.5430.4610.913(0.716~1.164)
≥30 000-0.0350.1150.0930.7600.966(0.771~1.209)
互联网应用(以否为参照组)
0.1690.0794.5980.0321.184(1.015~1.381)
自理能力(以完好为参照组)
缺陷0.1200.0941.6250.2021.128(0.937~1.357)
健康智能设备利用(以否为参照组)
0.1760.0745.7030.0171.192(1.032~1.377)
两年内住院数(次,以0为参照组)
1~20.0840.0890.8980.3431.088(0.914~1.295)
≥3-0.1060.2470.1840.6680.899(0.555~1.459)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994084192688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547909616395, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年人基层首诊的二元回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2POR(95% CI
地区(以西部为参照组)
中部0.3640.1278.1620.0041.438(1.121~1.846)
东部0.5830.11824.440<0.0011.791(1.421~2.256)
性别(以女为参照组)
-0.1120.0662.9010.0890.894(0.786~1.017)
年龄(岁,以60~69为参照组)
70~79-0.0700.0760.8540.3480.931(0.802~1.081)
≥80-0.5260.11819.975<0.0010.591(0.469~0.744)
受教育程度(以小学及以下为参照组)
初中~中专0.0530.0740.5190.4711.055(0.913~1.218)
大专及以上0.3920.1576.2360.0131.480(1.088~2.012)
自评健康(以不健康为参照组)
一般0.6260.11231.310<0.0011.869(1.501~2.327)
健康0.8510.11554.550<0.0012.342(1.869~2.936)
慢性病种类(以≤1为参照组)
20.3220.08215.252<0.0011.379(1.174~1.621)
>20.9740.086127.005<0.0012.648(2.236~3.137)
基层卫生服务利用(以否为参照组)
0.5630.07162.373<0.0011.756(1.527~2.020)
个人年收入(元,以<5 000为参照组)
5 000~9 999-0.5140.08536.966<0.0010.598(0.507~0.706)
10 000~19 999-0.2520.1105.2180.0220.777(0.626~0.965)
20 000~29 999-0.0910.1240.5430.4610.913(0.716~1.164)
≥30 000-0.0350.1150.0930.7600.966(0.771~1.209)
互联网应用(以否为参照组)
0.1690.0794.5980.0321.184(1.015~1.381)
自理能力(以完好为参照组)
缺陷0.1200.0941.6250.2021.128(0.937~1.357)
健康智能设备利用(以否为参照组)
0.1760.0745.7030.0171.192(1.032~1.377)
两年内住院数(次,以0为参照组)
1~20.0840.0890.8980.3431.088(0.914~1.295)
≥3-0.1060.2470.1840.6680.899(0.555~1.459)
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基于随机森林算法的老年人基层首诊影响因素研究
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唐馨怡 1 , 刘姗姗 2 , 张宜民 2, 3, *
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(24): 4517-4522
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(24): 4517-4522
基于随机森林算法的老年人基层首诊影响因素研究
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唐馨怡1, 刘姗姗2, 张宜民2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.上海市浦东卫生发展研究院
  • 3.上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会
  • 唐馨怡(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策研究

通讯作者:

张宜民,E-mail:
Research on the factors influencing the first diagnosis of elderly people at the grassroots level based on random forest algorithm
Xin-yi TANG1, Shan-shan LIU2, Yi-min ZHANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407551
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目的

分析我国老年人基层首诊的影响因素,为进一步落实分级诊疗政策提供参考依据。

方法

基于2020年CLASS数据,纳入4 444名老年人,运用χ2检验分析老年人基层首诊行为影响因素,并采用随机森林模型对有显著影响的变量进行重要性排序。

结果

东部地区(OR=1.791,95% CI:1.421~2.256)与中部地区(OR=1.438,95% CI:1.121~1.846)、自评一般(OR=1.869,95%CI:1.501~2.327)与自评健康(OR=2.342,95% CI:1.869~2.936)、患有2种(OR=1.379,95% CI:1.174~1.621)以及2种以上慢性病(OR=2.648,95% CI:2.236~3.137)、使用健康智能化设备(OR=1.192,95% CI:1.032~1.377)、利用基层卫生服务(OR=1.756,95% CI:1.527~2.020)、文化程度在大专及以上(OR=1.480,95% CI:1.088~2.012)、应用互联网(OR=1.184,95% CI:1.015~1.381)的老年人更愿意到基层首诊。

结论

老年人基层首诊率仍有待提高,要加强基层首诊宣传效果,提升基层卫生服务利用率,鼓励老年人利用健康智能设备,加大对西部地区基层医疗卫生机构的建设力度,正确引导老年人形成良好就医习惯。

随机森林  /  基层首诊  /  老年人  /  基层医疗卫生机构
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of the first visit of elderly people at the grassroots level in China, and further implementing graded diagnosis and treatment policies.

Methods

Based on the 2020 CLASS data, 4 444 elderly people were included, and a chi square test was used to analyze the influencing factors of their primary diagnosis behavior. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of variables with significant impact.

Results

The elderly who living in the eastern region (OR=1.791,95% CI:1.421-2.256) and the central region (OR=1.438,95% CI:1.121-1.846), having a general self-evaluation (OR=1.869,95% CI:1.501-2.327) and self-assessment health (OR=2.342,95% CI:1.869-2.936), having two kinds of chronic diseases (OR=1.379,95% CI:1.174-1.621) and more than two kinds of chronic diseases (OR=2.648,95% CI:2.236-3.137), using health intelligent devices (OR=1.192,95% CI:1.032-1.377), using basic health services(OR=1.756,95% CI:1.527-2.020), college degree or above (OR=1.480,95% CI:1.088-2.012), and Internet access (OR=1.184,95% CI:1.015-1.381) are more willing to go to the grass-roots level for first diagnosis.

Conclusion

The first visit rate of elderly people at the grassroots level still needs to be improved. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity effect of grassroots first visit, improve the utilization rate of grassroots health services, encourage elderly people to use health intelligent devices, increase the construction of grassroots medical and health institutions in western regions, and correctly guide elderly people to form good medical habits.

Random forest  /  First diagnosis at the grassroots level  /  Aged  /  Primary healthcare institutions
唐馨怡, 刘姗姗, 张宜民. 基于随机森林算法的老年人基层首诊影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4517 -4522 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407551
Xin-yi TANG, Shan-shan LIU, Yi-min ZHANG. Research on the factors influencing the first diagnosis of elderly people at the grassroots level based on random forest algorithm[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4517 -4522 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407551
基层医疗卫生机构是防病治病的第一道防线。基层医生通过日常的健康检查、疾病筛查等手段,及时发现居民的健康问题,提供预防、治疗等服务[1],进而有效防止疾病的恶化。随着老龄化进程的不断加剧,老年人健康问题日益突出[2]。基层医疗卫生机构作为居民健康的“守门人”,对老年人慢性病的早期诊断、治疗与健康管理起到至关重要的作用。提高老年人基层首诊率,可以帮助老年人增强自我管理意识,促进基层医疗卫生机构提升医疗服务水平,推动分级诊疗政策落实到位。基于上述背景,本文聚焦老年人基层首诊影响因素分析,为进一步落实分级诊疗制度提供参考依据。
本文研究数据来源于中国老年社会追踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, 简称CLASS)。CLASS是一个全国性、连续性的大型社会调查项目,以家庭户中60岁及以上的老年人为主要调查对象,最终样本覆盖全国28个省份。在得到数据组的知情同意下使用2020年数据,共包含11 398个样本,保留完整填写性别、年龄等相关问题的老年人, 最终得到有效样本4 444人。样本筛选流程见图1
本研究因变量为老年人是否选择基层医疗卫生机构首诊,选取CLASS数据中,“您生小病一般如何处理”作为衡量标准,将选择到基层医疗卫生机构首诊的老年群体赋值为1,未选择基层医疗卫生机构首诊的老年群体赋值为0。
根据既往研究[3-5],老年人基层首诊会受到社会人口学特征、政策环境等因素影响。本文根据研究要求将社会人口学特征、健康行为特征、社会经济学特征纳为自变量,社会人口学特征包括:地区、性别、年龄、居住地区、婚姻状况、空巢情况。健康行为特征包括:自评健康、慢性病种类、吸烟情况、两年内住院次数、基层卫生服务利用、空巢情况、自理能力、互联网应用。社会经济特征包括:受教育程度、个人年收入水平,共16个自变量。
应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据处理,对老年人基本特征进行描述性分析,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,将有统计学意义的自变量纳入随机森林算法。本文使用RStudio软件(R版本:4.3.3)构建随机森林模型,并设置随机种子为222,将预处理的数据随机分配为训练集(80%)和测试集(20%),通过训练集拟合随机森林模型,对纳入自变量进行变量重要性排序。将重要性最高且袋外估算误差率最小的变量纳入后续的二元logistic回归分析中,检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查的4 444名老年人中,男性2 262人(51.0%),女性2 182人(49.0%);年龄在60~69岁2 066人(46.4%),80岁及以上621人(13.9%),东部地区2 881人(64.8%),已婚有配3 482人(78.5%),自评健康2 198人(49.4%),患有2种慢性病的1 219人(21.7%),个人年收入在5 000~9 999元1 480人(33.3%),利用基层卫生服务1 494人(33.6%),使用健康智能设备的2 706人(60.89%),未应用互联网的2 516人(56.62%)。
以老年人是否选择基层卫生机构首诊为因变量,将自变量进行χ2检验,结果显示地区、性别、年龄、受教育程度、自评健康、慢性病种类、基层卫生服务利用、个人年收入、互联网应用、空巢情况、自理能力均有统计学差异(P<0.05),详见表1
将老年人基层首诊单因素分析中有统计学意义的自变量纳入随机森林模型。分析结果显示(图2),变量重要性由高到低依次是个人年收入、慢性病种类、自评健康、年龄、地区、受教育程度、两年内住院次数、性别、基层卫生服务利用、健康智能设备利用、互联网应用、自理能力。根据自变量重要性排序结果,从评分最高的变量开始进行逐步随机森林。 老年人基层首诊情况的随机森林模型分析结果显示(图3),当自变量全部纳入模型后,袋外估计误差率最低。
以老年人是否选择基层首诊为因变量(0=否;1=是)将随机森林算法中的所有变量作为自变量构建二元logistic 回归模型。 回归结果显示,居住地区、受教育程度在大专及以上、自评健康、慢性病种类、基层卫生服务利用、互联网应用、健康智能设备利用的老年人更倾向于基层首诊;80岁及以上、个人年收入在5 000~19 999元的老年人倾向于选择除基层医疗卫生机构以外的首诊方式。详见表2
重要性排序结果显示个人年收入位列首位。个人年收入在5 000~19 999元的老年群体,更愿意选择除基层医疗卫生机构以外的就诊方式,这与安然等[6]结论不一致,推测原因为,尽管基层医疗卫生机构的费用相对低,但仍有部分老年群体担心任何额外的医疗开销而避免就诊。因此,要提高年收入水平较低的老年人基层医疗资源的利用率,保障弱势老年群体的基层医疗服务可及性[7]。建议针对此类老年群体,积极开展“就医体验日”活动,让其切身体会到就医流程、费用计算与部分特色服务等,并对此类老年人提供疾病知识科普与就医重要性讲解,纠正不良就医习惯,积极引导此类老年群体在无法自行处理疾病时,可就近到基层医疗卫生机构首诊[8]
老年人受教育程度的重要性排名也较为靠前。其中,受教育程度为大专及以上的老年人,更倾向于基层医疗卫生机构首诊,这与范欣欣等[1]研究相一致,老年人受教育程度越高,健康管理意识越强,更愿意在基层医疗卫生机构接受健康管理等医疗保健服务,与基层医疗卫生机构保持密切联系。在生小病时,此类老年人更倾向于选择到基层医疗卫生机构首诊,进行全面的就诊评估与健康筛查。
重要性排序结果显示,老年人慢性病种类位列第2位。患有2种及以上慢性病的老年人,选择到基层医疗卫生机构首诊的可能性更大。因为目前大部分基层医疗卫生机构已建立良好的多重慢病管理体系,对患有多重慢病的老年患者就诊、用药、健康管理等构建连续、针对性的医疗服务及信息共享机制,进而提高多重慢病老年患者到基层医疗卫生机构首诊率[9]
地区在随机森林重要性排序中位列第4位。东部及中部地区的基层医疗卫生机构数量明显多于西部地区,并且基层医疗卫生机构的服务综合效率与服务质量优于西部地区[10],造成老年人基层首诊率存在地域差异。这提示要进一步开展西部地区基层医疗卫生机构标准化建设,一是完善西部地区的基层医疗卫生机构的设施设备,改善西部地区老年人的就诊环境。二是建立严格的西部地区基层医生管理制度,优化基层医疗卫生机构整体医务人员学历配比。三是借助医共体优质资源或专家下沉帮扶[11],提供个性化医疗服务需求。此外,东中部地区的基层医疗卫生机构要注重服务质量与内涵的提升,因地制宜开展老年人健康保健工作,为老年人提供预防保健等医疗服务。
本研究结果显示,自评健康在随机森林模型的重要性排序位列第3位。自评健康与一般的老年人更愿意到基层医疗卫生机构首诊,这与牛丹丹[12]结论相类似,自评健康状况在一定程度上反映了老年人对自身疾病的了解程度,基层医疗卫生机构可以满足自评一般与自评健康的老年人对于就诊类的医疗服务需求,因此,此类老年群体更倾向于选择花费少、离家近的基层医疗卫生机构。利用基层卫生服务的老年人更倾向于到基层医疗卫生机构首诊,因为现有研究结果表明,强化基层卫生服务能力与质量可以提升我国居民基层医疗机构首诊率[13]。利用基层卫生服务的老年人大多与基层医疗卫生机构建立了深度信任关系,对基层医疗卫生机构的医疗服务质量等有较高的满意度,促使此类老年人信任且愿意到基层医疗卫生机构首诊[14]。因此各部门可通过举办讲座等形式宣传基层卫生服务的积极作用。同时,上级医院与基层可通过“全专结合”的协作模式,不断丰富基层卫生服务提供的服务内容与种类。
利用健康智能设备的老年人选择到基层首诊的可能性更大,健康智能设备能够反馈连续的健康信息,可以帮助老年人通过观测血氧等及时发现身体异常,并就近到基层医疗卫生机构做进一步的检查。鉴于此,基层医疗卫生机构也应配备智能健康设备包如:血常规检测仪等,实现老年人自主健康检测。积极鼓励有条件的老年群体使用常见的健康设备如智能手环等,了解自身健康状态,不断提升老年人基层首诊率。学会使用互联网的老年人通过浏览与医疗保健有关的资讯如健康管理知识等[15],逐步提升老年人对基层医疗卫生机构的知晓度与认可度,进而更愿意到基层首诊。建议采取线上线下相结合的教育形式,线上通过公众号等开辟基层医疗卫生机构宣传专栏,向会应用互联网的老年人推送基层医疗保健等内容,持续提高老年人对基层医疗卫生机构价值的认同感。线下可通过举办基层医疗卫生机构讲座或免费课程,改变老年群体对基层医疗卫生机构存在的错误观念[16]
  • 浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2020-05)
  • 浦东新区卫生系统优秀青年医学人才培养计划(PWRq2020-15)
  • 浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科研项目(PW2023A-14)
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407551
  • 接收时间:2024-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31
基金
浦东新区卫生系统领先人才培养计划(PWRl2020-05)
浦东新区卫生系统优秀青年医学人才培养计划(PWRq2020-15)
浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科研项目(PW2023A-14)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.上海市浦东卫生发展研究院
    3.上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会

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张宜民,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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