Article(id=1241035547506954578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408425, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724774400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531851, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531851, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531851, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4448, endPage=4453, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035547796361568, articleId=1241035547506954578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis on the trend of disease burden of cancer attributed to high Body Mass Index in China, 1990 to 2021, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the changes in mortality and DALYs of cancer attributed to high Body-Mass Index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 in China, to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for cancer.

Methods

Data on mortality and DALY rates attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 database. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trends of these mortality and DALY rates, while age-period-cohort models were employed to investigate the effects of age, period, and cohort.

Results

Compared with 1990, the standardized mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend in 2021, with increases of 106.62% and 102.27%, respectively, and AAPCs of 2.4% and 2.3%. From 1990 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in various age groups in China showed an upward trend, with a significantly faster increase in the 25- and 60-79-year-old age groups. The global changes in the standardized mortality rate of cancer attributed to high BMI among Chinese populations, including men and women, from 1990 to 2019 were 1.92(95% CI: 1.80-2.04), 2.74(95%CI: 2.60-2.88), and 0.94(95% CI: 0.80-1.07), respectively; The global changes in standardized DALY rates were 1.97(95% CI:1.86-2.08), 2.76(95% CI:2.62-2.90), and 1.02(95% CI:0.93-1.11), respectively.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of cancer attributed to high BMI in China shows an upward trend, with the most rapid growth among males and people aged 60-79 years. Effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity should be implemented to reduce the burden of cancer.

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目的

分析1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率的变化情况,为制定归因高体质指数(Body-Mass Index, BMI)的恶性肿瘤防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

从全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease, GBD)2021数据库提取1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率数据,使用Joinpoint软件分析其死亡率和DALY率的变化趋势,并使用年龄-时期-队列模型分析年龄、时期和队列效应。

结果

与1990年相比,中国2021年归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤的标化死亡率、标化DALY均呈现上升趋势,升幅分别为106.62%、102.27%,AAPC分别为2.4%、2.3%。1990—2021年中国各年龄组人群归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率、DALY均呈上升趋势,且25~岁、60~79岁年龄组上升速度明显加快。1990—2019年中国总体、男性和女性人群归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率的全局变化分别为1.92(95% CI:1.80~2.04)、 2.74(95% CI:2.60~2.88)、0.94(95% CI:0.80~1.07);标化DALY率的全局变化分别为1.97(95% CI:1.86~2.08)、 2.76(95% CI:2.62~2.90)、1.02(95% CI:0.93~1.11)。

结论

1990―2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤疾病负担均呈上升趋势,男性和60~79岁人群增长最为迅速。应实施有效的超重与肥胖防控策略,减少恶性肿瘤疾病负担。

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苏晓洁,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=68/iIDBb0xPz65s3w4eXfA==, magXml=7IPoUW1gnOc5PsJvyIzvNA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=L+zMjbcYNg0qnr0Z/0XlFw==, pdfFileSize=1269327, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=h6dq95NUqRVYDPXLeCnzGw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aYDhBbC9J+YVcMRqHXndoA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

余擎(1991—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Trends of non-communicable diseases mortality attribute to high BMI inChina from 1990 to 2019:age-period-cohort analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069980528209920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069980536598529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, companyId=1241069980528209920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069980544987138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, companyId=1241069980528209920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学附属第一医院,福建 厦门 361000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069982247874694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Joinpoint regression analysis of the trend of disease burden caused by high BMI-relatedcancers from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=Zxyw0XUUCyyXwBUpNrUAjg==, figureFileBig=C8bL4043GhXM3EzInq8XBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069982369509514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年高BMI所致恶性肿瘤疾病负担变化趋势的Joinpoint回归分析

注:A、B分别为高BMI所致恶性肿瘤的标化死亡率、DALY率Joinpoint回归分析; APC(Annual Percent Change)为年度变化百分比。

, figureFileSmall=Zxyw0XUUCyyXwBUpNrUAjg==, figureFileBig=C8bL4043GhXM3EzInq8XBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069982486950037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Age-period-cohort model effect analysis diagram of the burden of cancers caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2019, figureFileSmall=29X7UAsedeB4+bwKKvmxCw==, figureFileBig=yOu7OffspMga0fEipLoa/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069982608584861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990―2019年高BMI所致恶性肿瘤疾病负担的年龄-时期-队列模型效应分析图

注:A、B分别为标化死亡率、DALY率年龄效应;C、D分别为标化死亡率、DALY率时期效应;E.F分别为标化死亡率、DALY率队列效应;RR为Rate ratio。

, figureFileSmall=29X7UAsedeB4+bwKKvmxCw==, figureFileBig=yOu7OffspMga0fEipLoa/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069982700859561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The changing trend of the burden of cancers caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份标化死亡率(1/10万)标化DALY率(1/10万)
总体女性男性总体女性男性
19901.361.541.1839.1444.2534.19
19911.381.551.2039.5944.5134.82
19921.401.581.2240.1045.0135.36
19931.421.601.2540.7445.6636.02
19941.451.641.2741.4046.5036.50
19951.481.661.3042.2047.2037.39
19961.511.691.3342.9247.8438.21
19971.541.721.3743.6948.4539.15
19981.581.761.4144.8349.6240.29
19991.631.811.4646.2651.0641.73
20001.701.861.5447.9752.3243.88
20011.741.901.6049.1253.2645.26
20021.771.931.6349.8853.9246.12
20031.811.961.6850.7554.8646.99
20041.852.011.7351.9056.0248.15
20051.892.041.7752.7656.7449.15
20061.882.021.7752.8656.5849.50
20071.922.041.8254.0157.2651.14
20081.982.091.9155.8958.3753.76
20092.042.131.9957.4359.1856.03
20102.102.172.0859.0260.1658.24
20112.152.202.1460.1760.7959.87
20122.182.202.2061.2260.9161.84
20132.222.212.2862.4461.1564.04
20142.282.242.3564.0861.9166.51
20152.342.292.4365.8262.9868.92
20162.412.372.5067.8564.9770.94
20172.502.462.5770.3267.6373.13
20182.582.552.6472.6769.9075.49
20192.662.642.7275.0272.2877.78
20202.742.722.8077.1774.4579.88
20212.812.792.8779.1776.5581.74
总变化率(%)106.62143.2281.17102.27139.0872.94
AAPC(95% CI,%)2.4(2.2~2.6)a2.0(1.8~2.1)a2.9(2.7~3.1)a2.3(2.2~2.5)a1.8(1.7~2.0)a2.9(2.3~3.0)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069982822494384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年高BMI所致恶性肿瘤疾病负担的变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份标化死亡率(1/10万)标化DALY率(1/10万)
总体女性男性总体女性男性
19901.361.541.1839.1444.2534.19
19911.381.551.2039.5944.5134.82
19921.401.581.2240.1045.0135.36
19931.421.601.2540.7445.6636.02
19941.451.641.2741.4046.5036.50
19951.481.661.3042.2047.2037.39
19961.511.691.3342.9247.8438.21
19971.541.721.3743.6948.4539.15
19981.581.761.4144.8349.6240.29
19991.631.811.4646.2651.0641.73
20001.701.861.5447.9752.3243.88
20011.741.901.6049.1253.2645.26
20021.771.931.6349.8853.9246.12
20031.811.961.6850.7554.8646.99
20041.852.011.7351.9056.0248.15
20051.892.041.7752.7656.7449.15
20061.882.021.7752.8656.5849.50
20071.922.041.8254.0157.2651.14
20081.982.091.9155.8958.3753.76
20092.042.131.9957.4359.1856.03
20102.102.172.0859.0260.1658.24
20112.152.202.1460.1760.7959.87
20122.182.202.2061.2260.9161.84
20132.222.212.2862.4461.1564.04
20142.282.242.3564.0861.9166.51
20152.342.292.4365.8262.9868.92
20162.412.372.5067.8564.9770.94
20172.502.462.5770.3267.6373.13
20182.582.552.6472.6769.9075.49
20192.662.642.7275.0272.2877.78
20202.742.722.8077.1774.4579.88
20212.812.792.8779.1776.5581.74
总变化率(%)106.62143.2281.17102.27139.0872.94
AAPC(95% CI,%)2.4(2.2~2.6)a2.0(1.8~2.1)a2.9(2.7~3.1)a2.3(2.2~2.5)a1.8(1.7~2.0)a2.9(2.3~3.0)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069982952517819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Joinpoint regression analysis of the age distribution and trend of the disease burden of cancers caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组死亡率的AAPC(95% CI,%)DALY率的AAPC(95% CI,%)
总体女性男性总体女性男性
20~240.9(0.6~1.3)a0.1(-0.1~0.4)1.4(0.7~2.0)a1.0(0.6~1.3)a0.2(-0.1~0.5)1.3(0.7~2.0)a
25~291.8(1.5~2.2)a0.5(0.1~0.9)a2.5(2.2~2.8)a1.8(1.5~2.2)a0.6(0.2~1.0)a2.5(2.2~2.9)a
30~342.1(1.7~2.5)a0.5(0.2~0.8)a2.9(2.4~3.4)a2.2(1.6~2.8)a0.6(0.2~0.9)a3.0(2.5~3.5)a
35~392.1(1.7~2.5)a0.6(0.4~0.7)a2.9(2.3~3.5)a2.2(1.8~2.5)a0.7(0.5~0.8)a2.9(2.3~3.5)a
40~442.0(1.7~2.3)a0.8(0.5~1.1)a2.7(2.4~3.0)a2.0(1.7~2.3)a0.9(0.6~1.1)a2.7(2.4~3.0)a
45~492.1(1.8~2.3)a1.0(0.8~1.3)a2.7(2.4~3.1)a2.1(1.9~2.3)a1.1(0.9~1.4)a2.8(2.4~3.1)a
50~542.1(1.8~2.3)a1.5(1.2~1.7)a2.8(2.5~3.1)a2.2(1.9~2.4)a1.6(1.3~1.8)a2.8(2.6~3.1)a
55~591.9(1.6~2.1)a1.4(1.1~1.6)a2.5(2.2~2.8)a2.0(1.8~2.2)a1.5(1.3~1.7)a2.6(2.3~2.9)a
60~642.5(2.3~2.7)a2.1(1.8~2.3)a3.0(2.9~3.2)a2.6(2.4~2.7)a2.2(1.9~2.4)a3.1(2.9~3.3)a
65~692.6(2.4~2.8)a2.4(2.1~2.6)a3.0(2.8~3.2)a2.7(2.5~2.9)a2.5(2.2~2.7)a3.1(2.9~3.3)a
70~742.7(2.5~2.8)a2.5(2.4~2.6)a2.9(2.7~3.2)a2.7(2.6~2.9)a2.6(2.5~2.7)a3.0(2.8~3.3)a
75~792.7(2.5~2.9)a2.5(2.3~2.7)a3.0(2.7~3.2)a2.7(2.5~2.9)a2.6(2.3~2.8)a3.0(2.7~3.3)a
), ArticleFig(id=1241069983090929859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547506954578, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年高BMI所致恶性肿瘤的疾病负担年龄分布与变化趋势的Joinpoint回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组死亡率的AAPC(95% CI,%)DALY率的AAPC(95% CI,%)
总体女性男性总体女性男性
20~240.9(0.6~1.3)a0.1(-0.1~0.4)1.4(0.7~2.0)a1.0(0.6~1.3)a0.2(-0.1~0.5)1.3(0.7~2.0)a
25~291.8(1.5~2.2)a0.5(0.1~0.9)a2.5(2.2~2.8)a1.8(1.5~2.2)a0.6(0.2~1.0)a2.5(2.2~2.9)a
30~342.1(1.7~2.5)a0.5(0.2~0.8)a2.9(2.4~3.4)a2.2(1.6~2.8)a0.6(0.2~0.9)a3.0(2.5~3.5)a
35~392.1(1.7~2.5)a0.6(0.4~0.7)a2.9(2.3~3.5)a2.2(1.8~2.5)a0.7(0.5~0.8)a2.9(2.3~3.5)a
40~442.0(1.7~2.3)a0.8(0.5~1.1)a2.7(2.4~3.0)a2.0(1.7~2.3)a0.9(0.6~1.1)a2.7(2.4~3.0)a
45~492.1(1.8~2.3)a1.0(0.8~1.3)a2.7(2.4~3.1)a2.1(1.9~2.3)a1.1(0.9~1.4)a2.8(2.4~3.1)a
50~542.1(1.8~2.3)a1.5(1.2~1.7)a2.8(2.5~3.1)a2.2(1.9~2.4)a1.6(1.3~1.8)a2.8(2.6~3.1)a
55~591.9(1.6~2.1)a1.4(1.1~1.6)a2.5(2.2~2.8)a2.0(1.8~2.2)a1.5(1.3~1.7)a2.6(2.3~2.9)a
60~642.5(2.3~2.7)a2.1(1.8~2.3)a3.0(2.9~3.2)a2.6(2.4~2.7)a2.2(1.9~2.4)a3.1(2.9~3.3)a
65~692.6(2.4~2.8)a2.4(2.1~2.6)a3.0(2.8~3.2)a2.7(2.5~2.9)a2.5(2.2~2.7)a3.1(2.9~3.3)a
70~742.7(2.5~2.8)a2.5(2.4~2.6)a2.9(2.7~3.2)a2.7(2.6~2.9)a2.6(2.5~2.7)a3.0(2.8~3.3)a
75~792.7(2.5~2.9)a2.5(2.3~2.7)a3.0(2.7~3.2)a2.7(2.5~2.9)a2.6(2.3~2.8)a3.0(2.7~3.3)a
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1990—2021年中国归因于高体质指数的恶性肿瘤疾病负担趋势分析
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余擎 , 张露 , 苏晓洁
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(24): 4448-4453
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(24): 4448-4453
1990—2021年中国归因于高体质指数的恶性肿瘤疾病负担趋势分析
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余擎, 张露, 苏晓洁
作者信息
  • 厦门大学附属第一医院,福建 厦门 361000
  • 余擎(1991—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:流行病学与卫生统计

通讯作者:

苏晓洁,E-mail:
Analysis on the trend of disease burden of cancer attributed to high Body Mass Index in China, 1990 to 2021
Qing YU, Lu ZHANG, Xiao-jie SU
Affiliations
  • The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408425
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目的

分析1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率的变化情况,为制定归因高体质指数(Body-Mass Index, BMI)的恶性肿瘤防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

从全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease, GBD)2021数据库提取1990—2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率数据,使用Joinpoint软件分析其死亡率和DALY率的变化趋势,并使用年龄-时期-队列模型分析年龄、时期和队列效应。

结果

与1990年相比,中国2021年归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤的标化死亡率、标化DALY均呈现上升趋势,升幅分别为106.62%、102.27%,AAPC分别为2.4%、2.3%。1990—2021年中国各年龄组人群归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率、DALY均呈上升趋势,且25~岁、60~79岁年龄组上升速度明显加快。1990—2019年中国总体、男性和女性人群归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率的全局变化分别为1.92(95% CI:1.80~2.04)、 2.74(95% CI:2.60~2.88)、0.94(95% CI:0.80~1.07);标化DALY率的全局变化分别为1.97(95% CI:1.86~2.08)、 2.76(95% CI:2.62~2.90)、1.02(95% CI:0.93~1.11)。

结论

1990―2021年中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤疾病负担均呈上升趋势,男性和60~79岁人群增长最为迅速。应实施有效的超重与肥胖防控策略,减少恶性肿瘤疾病负担。

高BMI  /  恶性肿瘤  /  疾病负担
Objective

To analyze the changes in mortality and DALYs of cancer attributed to high Body-Mass Index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 in China, to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for cancer.

Methods

Data on mortality and DALY rates attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 database. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trends of these mortality and DALY rates, while age-period-cohort models were employed to investigate the effects of age, period, and cohort.

Results

Compared with 1990, the standardized mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend in 2021, with increases of 106.62% and 102.27%, respectively, and AAPCs of 2.4% and 2.3%. From 1990 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in various age groups in China showed an upward trend, with a significantly faster increase in the 25- and 60-79-year-old age groups. The global changes in the standardized mortality rate of cancer attributed to high BMI among Chinese populations, including men and women, from 1990 to 2019 were 1.92(95% CI: 1.80-2.04), 2.74(95%CI: 2.60-2.88), and 0.94(95% CI: 0.80-1.07), respectively; The global changes in standardized DALY rates were 1.97(95% CI:1.86-2.08), 2.76(95% CI:2.62-2.90), and 1.02(95% CI:0.93-1.11), respectively.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of cancer attributed to high BMI in China shows an upward trend, with the most rapid growth among males and people aged 60-79 years. Effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity should be implemented to reduce the burden of cancer.

High BMI  /  Cancer  /  Disease burden
余擎, 张露, 苏晓洁. 1990—2021年中国归因于高体质指数的恶性肿瘤疾病负担趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4448 -4453 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408425
Qing YU, Lu ZHANG, Xiao-jie SU. Analysis on the trend of disease burden of cancer attributed to high Body Mass Index in China, 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4448 -4453 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408425
2022年国际癌症研究机构报告指出,全球新增与死亡病例分别高达1 996.5万和973.7万。在中国,这一问题尤为突出,新发与死亡病例占比分别达到全球的24.2%和26.4%[1]。中国每年在治疗恶性肿瘤方面的医疗费用支出已突破2200亿元大关,对社会经济造成了巨大的压力[2]。高体质指数(Body-Mass Index, BMI)可通过影响机体的内分泌环境、改变激素分泌、影响免疫系统功能等多种途径,对细胞生长和分裂产生不良影响,从而增加恶性肿瘤的发生和死亡风险[3]。此外,高BMI状态还可能对恶性肿瘤患者的治疗产生负面影响,并预示着较差的预后结果[4]。目前尚无关于中国人群因高BMI对恶性肿瘤造成的疾病负担研究,因此本研究利用全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease, GBD)2021数据库对中国因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤疾病负担情况进行分析,旨在为高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤防控策略提供科学依据和决策支持。
GBD2021数据库提供包括全球范围内特定疾病或风险因素的流行程度及其造成的相对伤害数据[5]。本研究选择“Total cancers”作为研究疾病,“High body-mass index”作为危险因素,GBD 2021中高BMI特指BMI>25 kg/m2。分析1990—2021年间中国因高BMI所致恶性肿瘤负担的演变时,提取不同性别、年龄人群因高BMI所致的死亡率和伤残调整寿命年(Disability Adjusted of Life Years,DALY)等关键指标。为了分析的精确性,本研究排除了<20岁年龄段的数据,因为这些群体归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率普遍较低;同时,也未纳入>80岁的老年人群,因其占比相对较少且往往伴随更多的基础疾病,可能对数据分析造成偏倚。
通过Joinpoint软件构建专门用于分析比率及其标化率随时间变化趋势的对数线性回归模型,此模型能够精准地捕捉数据中的转折点,揭示出在不同时间段内,目标比率如何发生显著变化[6]
该模型旨在全面评估并量化年龄、时期及出生队列对疾病发生风险的独立与交互影响[7]。因GBD2021数据库暂未更新2020、2021世界标准人口数据,因此该模型仅分析1990—2019年归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤疾病负担资料。
应用Excel 2022软件整理1990—2021年间中国因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤死亡及DALY数据,借助Joinpoint软件探究恶性肿瘤疾病负担随时间演变的动态趋势,采用国际癌症研究机构官网的在线分析工具构建年龄-时期-队列模型。检验水准α=0.05。
2021年相较于1990年,中国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤死亡率与DALY率均表现出明显的增长态势,标化死亡率升幅为106.62%,标化DALY率升幅为102.27%,其中男女分别升幅143.22%、81.17%和139.08%、72.94%。
1990—2021年间,中国因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change, AAPC)为2.4%(95% CI: 2.2%~2.6%),标化DALY率的AAPC为2.3%(95% CI:2.2%~2.5%),趋势变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中男女标化死亡率的AAPC分别是2.0%(95% CI:1.8%~2.1%)、2.9%(95% CI:2.7%~3.1%),标化DALY率的AAPC分别是1.8%(95% CI:1.7%~2.0%)、2.9%(95% CI:2.3%~3.0%),趋势变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1图1
1990—2021年间,中国20~79岁各年龄层因高BMI引发的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率均持续攀升。在25岁左右年龄段,上升趋势尤为显著,随后增速有所放缓;然而,进入60岁及以上年龄段后,增速再次明显加剧。死亡率AAPC值分别为1.8%和2.5%,DALY率AAPC值分别为1.8%和2.6%。
女性人群中,除20岁初期年龄段外,其余各年龄段因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率均见显著增长,且年龄越大增速越快。男性因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤死亡率和DALY率则在整个20~79岁范围内均表现上升趋势,尤以25~29和30~34岁年龄段增速最快,其余年龄段增速则较为平稳。见表2
在1990—2019年期间,中国人群因高BMI而致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率净变化值为1.92(95% CI:1.80~2.04),男性为2.74(95% CI:2.60~2.88),女性为0.94(95% CI:0.80~1.07);标化DALY率的净变化值为1.97(95% CI:1.86~2.08),男性为2.76(95% CI:2.62~2.90),女性为1.02(95% CI:0.93~1.11)。这些变化均有统计学意义(95% CI不包括0)。
年龄效应:控制时期和队列效应后,中国总人群及男女性别间,高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤标准化死亡率和DALY率均随年龄递增而持续攀升,特别是在60岁之后,这一上升趋势尤为显著(均P<0.001)。见图2A、2B
时期效应:控制年龄和队列效应后,自1990—1994年至2015—2019年,中国总体、男性及女性人群中,因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率、标化DALY率均随着时间推移呈现持续上升趋势(均P<0.001)。2000—2004年前后性别间的增长速率发生了转变。在此之前,女性群体因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率与DALY率的增速高于男性;而在此之后,男性群体的增速则反超了女性。见图2C、2D
队列效应:控制年龄和时期效应后,1915—1985年出生的中国总体及男女性人群因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率和DALY率随出生队列的推移呈现出显著的上升趋势(均P<0.001);然而,这一趋势在1985—2000年间出生的队列中发生了逆转,这两项指标均显示出明显的下降趋势(均P<0.001)。见图2E、2F
本研究对1990—2021年间中国由高BMI所引发的恶性肿瘤疾病负担进行了深入分析。结果显示,在此期间,无论是标化后的恶性肿瘤死亡率还是标化DALY率,均呈现出了显著的上升趋势。肥胖,作为全球范围内备受瞩目的健康问题,被认为是除吸烟和饮酒外,最主要的恶性肿瘤发病危险因素[4]。与既往研究一致,本研究也显示高BMI与恶性肿瘤发病风险紧密关联,提示我国在肥胖与肿瘤防控等公共卫生领域面临着严峻的挑战[8]。高蓓等人的研究揭示,1990—2019年中国恶性肿瘤标化死亡率降低了19.06%,标化标化DALY率也呈减少态势[9]。然而,本研究对2021年的分析显示,由高BMI导致的中国恶性肿瘤标化死亡率较1990年增长了106.62%,标化DALY率亦上升了102.27%,这一趋势强调了高BMI与恶性肿瘤之间日益严峻的健康关联。这可能与近三十年来中国社会经济的飞速发展与居民生活方式的大幅变迁相关[10]。饮食结构逐渐向高糖、高脂肪、高热量等不良饮食习惯倾斜,这是推动肥胖率急剧攀升的核心因素之一。伴随生活节奏的加快与工作模式的转变,如久坐习惯与体力活动的显著减少,加剧了能量摄入与消耗之间的不平衡,从而使得肥胖问题愈发凸显。
我国归因于高BMI的恶性肿瘤疾病负担随年龄增长呈现出上升的趋势,尤其60~79岁老年人群上升速度加快,与既往研究一致[11]。根据2020年的最新统计数据,我国老年人群中超重和肥胖的现象相当普遍,具体表现为超重率达到了41.7%,而肥胖率也攀升至16.7%,考虑到我国人口老龄化的不断加深,预计未来高BMI的老年群体比例将持续攀升,由此可能引发的恶性肿瘤负担将对中国社会构成巨大压力[12]。随着年龄的增加,自身免疫功能降低,往往还伴随着共病现象的增多,使得老年人更容易受到各种恶性肿瘤风险因素的影响[13]。老年高BMI者常伴有复杂的代谢异常,如血脂、血糖及血压的调控失衡,这些异常通过复杂的病理生理机制,间接提升了肠癌等多种恶性肿瘤的发病风险及不良预后,从而对我国高BMI相关的恶性肿瘤防控工作提出了更为严峻的挑战[3]。因此,针对60至79岁的重点人群,加强BMI管理显得尤为重要。通过实施预防肥胖的策略、推广健康饮食习惯以及鼓励规律性的体育活动等干预措施,对于减轻老年人群因高BMI而承受的恶性肿瘤负担具有深远意义。同时,鉴于30至50岁男性群体因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤疾病负担亦快速上升,该年龄段尤其是男性的体重管理亦不容忽视,以期全面降低高BMI对我国恶性肿瘤的深远影响。
在性别差异的分析中,本研究揭示了1990年至2021年间一个显著的变化趋势:男性因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤标化死亡率与标化DALY率,从原先低于女性的状态转变为高于女性,并且其年均增长率也超越了女性。这一趋势可能由于中国男性超重与肥胖患病率的显著增加[14]。据相关研究揭示,在1991—2015年期间,中国男性的超重和肥胖问题急剧加剧,患病率分别飙升了282.1%和875.0%,远超女性同期的108.4%和282.4%。这一差异导致在由高BMI引发的恶性肿瘤疾病负担方面,男性正逐步赶上并超越女性[14]。据年龄-时期-队列模型时期效应分析,2000—2004年前,女性因高BMI所致恶性肿瘤的疾病负担相对较重;然而,自那以后,男性的这一负担开始显著上升,并逐渐超越了女性。这一转变与WHO提供的数据相吻合,即自2004年起,中国男性的超重率开始超过女性,这或许正是男性因高BMI所致疾病负担随后攀升并超越女性的直接原因[15]。肥胖流行趋势的性别差异,与不同性别的健康素养具备率、社会文化导致的行为认知差异、生活方式等有关,女性群体在体重管理上的普遍更高意识与实践[16]。因此,提升男性健康素养,增强其对体重管理的积极性,成为当前恶性肿瘤防控领域亟待解决的重要挑战。通过针对性的健康教育、生活方式干预及政策支持,促进男性群体形成良好的体重管理习惯,对于减轻恶性肿瘤疾病负担、提升全民健康水平具有深远意义。
队列效应的研究结果显示,对于1990—1999年间出生的中国总体、男性及女性人群而言,其因高BMI所诱发的恶性肿瘤死亡率与DALY率展现出鲜明的先增后减的趋势。这一现象的背后,很可能与近年来医疗保健技术水平的显著提升和普及密切相关[17]。城镇化与医疗保健普及进程中,医疗服务更趋易得与经济,有效地降低了恶性肿瘤的致死风险与疾病压力。此外,1960—1999年间出生的女性群体,其因高BMI所致的恶性肿瘤死亡率与DALY率相较于男性和整体,更早趋稳并下行。此现象或可归因于,尽管中国肥胖率三十年来持续上升,但女性肥胖增幅相对平缓[18-19]。然而,不容忽视的是,最新的调查数据显示,我国居民的超重与肥胖比例已经超过了50%,按照我国的体重分类标准,这意味着中国可能已跃居全球肥胖人口数量最多的国家之列[18]。然而,中国众多BMI偏高的人群对自身体重状况存在误判,超过半数的高BMI成年人错误地认为自己体重不足或处于正常范围[20]。更令人担忧的是,一个引人深思的现象是,即便是在那些对高BMI值有明确健康意识的人群里,仍有超过六成的人未能转化为实际的减重行动。这种从认识到实践的鸿沟,在男性、年龄较长及教育水平相对较低的人群中,表现得更加突出[20]
本研究不足:GBD2021数据依托系统动力学、贝叶斯偏回归等复杂模型估算疾病负担,虽力求精准,但仍存偏差可能;数据局限下,本研究未能深入分析中国各区域高BMI所致恶性肿瘤负担的变动趋势。
综上所述,1990—2021年间,中国因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤负担在性别与年龄层面上呈现出显著差异,并普遍呈现出上升趋势。尤为突出的是,男性和60~79岁老年人群在这一问题上的增长速度最为迅猛。鉴于这一严峻形势,加强公众健康教育已刻不容缓,特别是要针对老年与男性群体,倡导均衡饮食与适量运动的生活方式,制定并实施有效的超重与肥胖防控措施,多措并举以减轻因高BMI导致的恶性肿瘤的疾病负担。
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408425
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
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    厦门大学附属第一医院,福建 厦门 361000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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