Article(id=1241035547146253035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408100, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722960000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531764, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531764, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4542, endPage=4547, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035547657958141, articleId=1241035547146253035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the latent profile and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in three tertiary-level hospitals in Tangshan city from August 2023 to January 2024 were randomly selected and included in the whole group. General information questionnaire, Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire were used for investigation. Using multi-categorical logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Inpatients with type 2 diabetes could be divided into high confidence low disease risk perception group (40.25%), appropriate risk perception group (40%), and high concern high disease risk perception group (19.75%). Multi-categorical logistic regression analysis showed that high disease perception score(OR=0.808, 95% CI:0.762-0.858)was a protective factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group, high psychological resilience score(OR=1.159, 95% CI:1.087-1.235)was a risk factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group; educational attainment of college and above (OR=23.567, 95% CI:2.807-198.242),havingdiabetes complications(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315-8.834), high disease perception score (OR=1.320, 95% CI:1.202-1.451)were risk factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group, the main access to diabetes knowledge was healthcare professionals(OR=0.101, 95% CI:0.029-0.355)and high psychological resilience score (OR=0.817, 95% CI:0.747-0.894)were protective factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group.

Conclusion

Perceived risk of complications in inpatients with type 2 diabetes can be categorized into 3 classes, and there are obvious classification characteristics among groups. Healthcare professionals can implement precise measures for different categories of patients to improve their level of perceived risk of complications.

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目的

分析2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知的潜在剖面及其影响因素。

方法

随机选取唐山市三所三级甲等医院,整群纳入2023年8月至2024年1月住院治疗的400例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病风险感知量表、心理弹性量表简表、简易疾病感知问卷进行调查,并通过多分类logistic回归分析探讨2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知剖面的影响因素。

结果

2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知可分为高自信低疾病风险感知组(40.25%)、风险感知适宜组(40%)和高担忧高疾病风险感知组(19.75%)。多分类logistic回归分析显示,与风险感知适宜组相比,疾病感知得分高(OR=0.808,95% CI:0.762~0.858)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的保护因素,心理弹性得分高(OR=1.159,95% CI:1.087~1.235)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的危险因素;文化程度为大专及以上(OR=23.567,95% CI:2.807~198.242)、患有糖尿病并发症(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315~8.834)和疾病感知得分高(OR=1.320,95% CI:1.202~1.451)是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的危险因素,糖尿病知识主要获取途径为医护人员(OR=0.101,95%CI:0.029~0.355)和心理弹性得分高(OR=0.817,95% CI:0.747~0.894)是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的保护因素。

结论

2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知可分为3个类别,不同类别之间存在明显的类别差异。医护人员可针对不同类别患者实施精准化措施,以改善患者的并发症风险感知水平。

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孙玉倩,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+Z8YdVRUpkqFJX35Wx8e6w==, magXml=FhK6I3kStl2A2mNyqnM6kQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MIyCsiuUuZnvc1jNYaW8Ag==, pdfFileSize=682670, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jUaJrShPxmxnNYUtUUOA2Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SnmeoVAyk99E8s2GkEsZHw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王文静(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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王文静(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Health literacy status and influencing factors among outpatients in general hospitals, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069998400131659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, awardId=20170897, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069990833606904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069990892327169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, companyId=1241069990833606904, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069990904910082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, companyId=1241069990833606904, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069995946463762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The picture of latent profile of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, figureFileSmall=w7q27AgNnb2/+q+47mwkig==, figureFileBig=M/RhIUQsRkYjd+ANfNsgKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069996059709975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知潜在剖面图, figureFileSmall=w7q27AgNnb2/+q+47mwkig==, figureFileBig=M/RhIUQsRkYjd+ANfNsgKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069996198122017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The fitting index of latent profile model of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICLMR(P)BLRT(P)Entropy类别概率
123 529.64823 713.25623 567.295----
220 622.17020 901.57320 679.458<0.001<0.0010.9400.503/0.497
319 514.95619 890.15419 591.885<0.001<0.0010.9710.403/0.400/0.197
419 251.46719 722.46019 348.0380.220<0.0010.9490.398/0.267/0.145/0.190
518 950.59519 517.38319 066.8080.763<0.0010.9830.390/ 0.207/0.203/0.175/0.025
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996290396709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知潜在剖面分析模型拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICLMR(P)BLRT(P)Entropy类别概率
123 529.64823 713.25623 567.295----
220 622.17020 901.57320 679.458<0.001<0.0010.9400.503/0.497
319 514.95619 890.15419 591.885<0.001<0.0010.9710.403/0.400/0.197
419 251.46719 722.46019 348.0380.220<0.0010.9490.398/0.267/0.145/0.190
518 950.59519 517.38319 066.8080.763<0.0010.9830.390/ 0.207/0.203/0.175/0.025
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996416225836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of latent profile of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(n=400)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目n(%),MP25P75)]检验值P
高自信低疾病风险感知组(n=161)风险感知水平适宜组(n=160)高担忧高疾病风险感知组(n=79)
性别χ2=20.745<0.001
101(62.7)80(50.0)25(31.6)
60(37.3)80(50.0)54(68.4)
年龄(岁)χ2=24.740<0.001
18~<3514(8.7)5(3.1)3(3.8)
35~<5049(30.4)33(20.6)6(7.6)
50~<6565(40.4)76(47.5)42(53.2)
≥6533(20.5)46(28.8)28(35.4)
婚姻状态χ2=2.4300.297
已婚145(90.1)151(94.4)71(89.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶16(9.9)9(5.6)8(10.1)
职业状态χ2=11.2870.080
无业16(9.9)20(12.5)14(17.7)
在职51(31.7)44(27.5)14(17.7)
离退休37(23.0)48(30.0)29(36.8)
其他57(35.4)48(30.0)22(27.8)
文化程度χ2=19.9780.003
小学及以下24(14.9)17(10.6)7(8.9)
初中57(35.4)60(37.5)12(15.2)
高中/中专54(33.5)59(36.9)37(46.8)
大专及以上26(16.2)24(15.0)23(29.1)
家庭人均月收入(元)χ2=32.267<0.001
<1 00027(16.8)16(10.0)4(5.1)
1 000~<3 00062(38.5)47(29.4)15(19.0)
3 000~<5 00048(29.8)62(38.8)27(34.2)
≥5 00024(14.9)35(21.8)33(41.7)
家族史χ2=23.058<0.001
54(33.5)65(40.6)52(65.8)
107(66.5)95(59.4)27(34.2)
病程(年)χ2=10.6610.099
≤550(31.1)46(28.7)14(17.7)
>5~1051(31.7)42(26.3)19(24.1)
>10~1535(21.7)39(24.4)24(30.4)
>1525(15.5)33(20.6)22(27.8)
治疗方式χ2=8.2080.223
口服降糖药物58(36.0)51(31.9)29(36.7)
注射胰岛素54(33.5)45(28.1)24(30.4)
口服联合注射31(19.3)52(32.5)20(25.3)
其他方式18(11.2)12(7.5)6(7.6)
是否患有糖尿病并发症χ2=45.315<0.001
54(33.5)77(48.1)63(79.7)
107(66.5)83(51.9)16(20.3)
是否患有其他慢性病χ2=4.0910.129
82(50.9)97(60.6)49(62.0)
79(49.1)63(39.4)30(38.0)
糖尿病知识主要获取途径χ2=19.6810.003
医护人员61(37.9)64(40.0)51(64.6)
传统媒体15(9.3)17(10.6)7(8.8)
人际沟通23(14.3)21(13.1)9(11.4)
网络62(38.5)58(36.3)12(15.2)
疾病感知(分)38.00(35.00,41.00)43.50(41.00,46.00)51.00(48.00,54.00)H=181.092<0.001
心理弹性(分)30.00(27.00,32.00)27.00(23.25,30.75)23.00(20.00,26.00)H=86.457<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996554637874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知潜在剖面的单因素分析(n=400)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目n(%),MP25P75)]检验值P
高自信低疾病风险感知组(n=161)风险感知水平适宜组(n=160)高担忧高疾病风险感知组(n=79)
性别χ2=20.745<0.001
101(62.7)80(50.0)25(31.6)
60(37.3)80(50.0)54(68.4)
年龄(岁)χ2=24.740<0.001
18~<3514(8.7)5(3.1)3(3.8)
35~<5049(30.4)33(20.6)6(7.6)
50~<6565(40.4)76(47.5)42(53.2)
≥6533(20.5)46(28.8)28(35.4)
婚姻状态χ2=2.4300.297
已婚145(90.1)151(94.4)71(89.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶16(9.9)9(5.6)8(10.1)
职业状态χ2=11.2870.080
无业16(9.9)20(12.5)14(17.7)
在职51(31.7)44(27.5)14(17.7)
离退休37(23.0)48(30.0)29(36.8)
其他57(35.4)48(30.0)22(27.8)
文化程度χ2=19.9780.003
小学及以下24(14.9)17(10.6)7(8.9)
初中57(35.4)60(37.5)12(15.2)
高中/中专54(33.5)59(36.9)37(46.8)
大专及以上26(16.2)24(15.0)23(29.1)
家庭人均月收入(元)χ2=32.267<0.001
<1 00027(16.8)16(10.0)4(5.1)
1 000~<3 00062(38.5)47(29.4)15(19.0)
3 000~<5 00048(29.8)62(38.8)27(34.2)
≥5 00024(14.9)35(21.8)33(41.7)
家族史χ2=23.058<0.001
54(33.5)65(40.6)52(65.8)
107(66.5)95(59.4)27(34.2)
病程(年)χ2=10.6610.099
≤550(31.1)46(28.7)14(17.7)
>5~1051(31.7)42(26.3)19(24.1)
>10~1535(21.7)39(24.4)24(30.4)
>1525(15.5)33(20.6)22(27.8)
治疗方式χ2=8.2080.223
口服降糖药物58(36.0)51(31.9)29(36.7)
注射胰岛素54(33.5)45(28.1)24(30.4)
口服联合注射31(19.3)52(32.5)20(25.3)
其他方式18(11.2)12(7.5)6(7.6)
是否患有糖尿病并发症χ2=45.315<0.001
54(33.5)77(48.1)63(79.7)
107(66.5)83(51.9)16(20.3)
是否患有其他慢性病χ2=4.0910.129
82(50.9)97(60.6)49(62.0)
79(49.1)63(39.4)30(38.0)
糖尿病知识主要获取途径χ2=19.6810.003
医护人员61(37.9)64(40.0)51(64.6)
传统媒体15(9.3)17(10.6)7(8.8)
人际沟通23(14.3)21(13.1)9(11.4)
网络62(38.5)58(36.3)12(15.2)
疾病感知(分)38.00(35.00,41.00)43.50(41.00,46.00)51.00(48.00,54.00)H=181.092<0.001
心理弹性(分)30.00(27.00,32.00)27.00(23.25,30.75)23.00(20.00,26.00)H=86.457<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998064587323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis of latent profile model of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(n=400)

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变量BSEWald χ2POR值(95%CI)
C1:C2
截距5.6721.71510.9440.001
疾病感知-0.2130.03049.886<0.0010.808(0.762~0.858)
心理弹性0.1470.03320.424<0.0011.159(1.087~1.235)
C3:C2
截距-7.9592.7298.5050.004
大专及以上3.1601.0878.4570.00423.567(2.802~198.242)
患有糖尿病并发症1.2260.4866.3680.0123.408(1.315~8.834)
医护人员途径-2.2920.64212.760<0.0010.101(0.029~0.355)
疾病感知0.2780.04833.347<0.0011.320(1.202~1.451)
心理弹性-0.2020.04619.526<0.0010.817(0.747~0.894)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998186222146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035547146253035, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2型糖尿病住院患者风险感知潜在剖面的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=400)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2POR值(95%CI)
C1:C2
截距5.6721.71510.9440.001
疾病感知-0.2130.03049.886<0.0010.808(0.762~0.858)
心理弹性0.1470.03320.424<0.0011.159(1.087~1.235)
C3:C2
截距-7.9592.7298.5050.004
大专及以上3.1601.0878.4570.00423.567(2.802~198.242)
患有糖尿病并发症1.2260.4866.3680.0123.408(1.315~8.834)
医护人员途径-2.2920.64212.760<0.0010.101(0.029~0.355)
疾病感知0.2780.04833.347<0.0011.320(1.202~1.451)
心理弹性-0.2020.04619.526<0.0010.817(0.747~0.894)
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2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知的潜在剖面及其影响因素分析
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王文静 , 尹冰洁 , 王巧悦 , 李雪 , 孙玉倩 , 汪凤兰
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(24): 4542-4547
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(24): 4542-4547
2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知的潜在剖面及其影响因素分析
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王文静, 尹冰洁, 王巧悦, 李雪, 孙玉倩 , 汪凤兰
作者信息
  • 华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 王文静(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床护理

通讯作者:

孙玉倩,E-mail:
Analysis of the latent profile and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wen-jing WANG, Bing-jie YIN, Qiao-yue WANG, Xue LI, Yu-qian SUN , Feng-lan WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408100
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目的

分析2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知的潜在剖面及其影响因素。

方法

随机选取唐山市三所三级甲等医院,整群纳入2023年8月至2024年1月住院治疗的400例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病风险感知量表、心理弹性量表简表、简易疾病感知问卷进行调查,并通过多分类logistic回归分析探讨2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知剖面的影响因素。

结果

2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知可分为高自信低疾病风险感知组(40.25%)、风险感知适宜组(40%)和高担忧高疾病风险感知组(19.75%)。多分类logistic回归分析显示,与风险感知适宜组相比,疾病感知得分高(OR=0.808,95% CI:0.762~0.858)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的保护因素,心理弹性得分高(OR=1.159,95% CI:1.087~1.235)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的危险因素;文化程度为大专及以上(OR=23.567,95% CI:2.807~198.242)、患有糖尿病并发症(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315~8.834)和疾病感知得分高(OR=1.320,95% CI:1.202~1.451)是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的危险因素,糖尿病知识主要获取途径为医护人员(OR=0.101,95%CI:0.029~0.355)和心理弹性得分高(OR=0.817,95% CI:0.747~0.894)是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的保护因素。

结论

2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知可分为3个类别,不同类别之间存在明显的类别差异。医护人员可针对不同类别患者实施精准化措施,以改善患者的并发症风险感知水平。

2型糖尿病  /  风险感知  /  潜在剖面分析  /  并发症
Objective

To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in three tertiary-level hospitals in Tangshan city from August 2023 to January 2024 were randomly selected and included in the whole group. General information questionnaire, Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire were used for investigation. Using multi-categorical logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors.

Results

Inpatients with type 2 diabetes could be divided into high confidence low disease risk perception group (40.25%), appropriate risk perception group (40%), and high concern high disease risk perception group (19.75%). Multi-categorical logistic regression analysis showed that high disease perception score(OR=0.808, 95% CI:0.762-0.858)was a protective factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group, high psychological resilience score(OR=1.159, 95% CI:1.087-1.235)was a risk factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group; educational attainment of college and above (OR=23.567, 95% CI:2.807-198.242),havingdiabetes complications(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315-8.834), high disease perception score (OR=1.320, 95% CI:1.202-1.451)were risk factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group, the main access to diabetes knowledge was healthcare professionals(OR=0.101, 95% CI:0.029-0.355)and high psychological resilience score (OR=0.817, 95% CI:0.747-0.894)were protective factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group.

Conclusion

Perceived risk of complications in inpatients with type 2 diabetes can be categorized into 3 classes, and there are obvious classification characteristics among groups. Healthcare professionals can implement precise measures for different categories of patients to improve their level of perceived risk of complications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus  /  Risk perception  /  Latent profile analysis  /  Complications
王文静, 尹冰洁, 王巧悦, 李雪, 孙玉倩, 汪凤兰. 2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知的潜在剖面及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4542 -4547 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408100
Wen-jing WANG, Bing-jie YIN, Qiao-yue WANG, Xue LI, Yu-qian SUN, Feng-lan WANG. Analysis of the latent profile and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4542 -4547 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408100
2021年全球糖尿病图谱显示,我国糖尿病患者总数约为1.4亿[1],其中90%以上为2型糖尿病[2]。研究证实,2型糖尿病可使患者心血管、肾脏疾病和癌症死亡风险增加1.3~3.0倍,同时也是非创伤性下肢截肢和失明的主要病因之一[3]。然而,糖尿病并发症在早期多无明显的临床表现,这往往会造成患者忽视其危害最终导致并发症发生。风险感知是指人们对危害自身健康及危险因素的主观体验和感受[4],研究指出对疾病持有适宜的风险感知可促使个体采取行动来避免疾病[5]。目前国内外关于2型糖尿病并发症风险感知的研究,多采用量表评定的方式来判断患者对并发症风险的感知程度。然而这种方法只能从宏观角度确定受试者在总体中的相对位置,难以识别个体对并发症风险感知的具体特质以及由相同特质个体组成群体间的结构差异。潜在剖面分析是一种“以个体为中心”的统计学方法,可以识别被试者在相同指标下作答时的迥异,将被试者分为不同亚组后再探讨群体间的异质性,这使临床针对小范围同质性人群实施精准化干预措施成为可能。鉴于此,本研究对2型糖尿病患者的并发症风险感知进行潜在剖面及影响因素分析,以期为临床医护人员实施精准化干预措施提供参考。
随机选取唐山市三所三级甲等医院,整群纳入2023年8月至2024年1月住院治疗的400例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。纳入标准:符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》诊断标准;年龄≧18岁;自愿参与研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准:存在严重器官合并症患者;患有精神疾病、认知障碍者。根据横断面研究样本量计算公式P(1-P)/δ2,参考国内研究[6]P为糖尿病并发症发生率(P=67.6%),Zα/2取1.96,容许误差δ取0.05,计算得到n=337,最终调查400名2型糖尿病患者。本研究通过华北理工大学医学伦理委员会审查(2023098)。
由研究者自行设计,包括年龄、性别、病程、是否患有并发症等相关资料。
采用由Walker等[7]开发,马慧玲等[8]汉化修订的糖尿病风险感知量表。该量表包含个人控制、担心、乐观偏见、个人疾病风险和相对环境风险5个维度,23个条目,采用Likert 4级评分法。评分越高,表明糖尿病患者的风险感知水平越高。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.939。
选用由Campbell-Sills[9]修订,由张丹梅等[10]翻译的心理弹性量表简表。该量表共计10个条目,采用5级评分法,得分越高表示患者心理弹性水平越高。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.812。
该量表由Broadbent等[11]编制,共9个条目,包括认知、情绪和理解能力三个维度,采用0~10分计分法,得分越高表示患者对疾病的整体感知越消极。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.708。
调查前,所有人员接受培训。调查期间,向患者说明情况,确保其独立填写问卷。填写完成的问卷现场回收,确保结果完整。本研究共发放问卷415份,回收有效问卷400份,有效回收率为96.4%。
计数资料使用频数和百分比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。计量资料采用M(P25,P75)描述,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。使用无序多分类logistic回归方法分析影响因素。使用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析,剖面模型的适配性指标包括:艾凯克信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)及经过样本修正的BIC(aBIC),数值越小表示模型拟合越好;若Bootstrap似然比检验(BLRT)和罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验(LMR)差异存在显著性(P<0.05),则k个类别模型优于k-1个类别。熵值(Entropy)用于衡量模型分类精确性,越接近1表示分类精确度越高。
本研究以风险感知的23个条目作为外显指标,拟合了1~5个模型,各模型的拟合指标见表1。随着类别数目增加,5个模型的AIC、BIC和aBIC逐渐降低,其中模型2与模型3的LMR(P)和BLRT(P)值均<0.01,同时模型3的Entropy值较高,因此选取模型3为最佳模型。根据分类结果绘制潜在剖面图,见图1。依据维度得分均值命名3个类别:(1)C1:该组在各维度得分均较低,表现为患者对控制病情有自信,而对并发症风险感知不足,命名为高自信低疾病风险感知组;(2)C2:该组的得分均处于其他两组之间,命名为风险感知适宜组;(3)C3:该组患者以担心维度均值得分最高,个人疾病风险维度得分也较高,称为高担忧高疾病风险感知组。三个类别的占比分别为40.25%(161人)、40%(160人)和19.75%(79人)。
将不同性别、年龄等一般资料和不同疾病感知得分、心理弹性得分的患者并发症风险感知类别进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2
以2型糖尿病住院患者并发症风险感知类别为因变量(将高自信低疾病风险感知组、风险感知适宜组和高担忧高风险感知组分别赋值为1、2、3,以风险感知适宜组作为参考),将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,自变量赋值情况如下:性别(男=1,女=2);年龄( 18~<35岁=1,35~<50岁=2,50~<65岁=3,≥65岁=4);文化程度(大专及以上=1,高中/中专=2,初中=3,小学及以下=4);家庭人均月收入(<1 000元=1,1 000~<3 000元=2,3 000~<5 000元=3,≥5 000元=4);家族史(有=1,无=2);是否患有糖尿病并发症(是=1,否=2);糖尿病知识主要获取途径(以网络途径为参照设置哑变量),疾病感知、心理弹性原值代入进行多分类Logistic回归分析。结果显示以风险感知适宜组为参考,疾病感知得分高(OR=0.808,95% CI:0.762~0.858)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的保护因素,心理弹性得分高(OR=1.159,95% CI:1.087~1.235)是高自信低疾病风险感知组的危险因素;文化程度大专及以上(OR=23.567,95% CI:2.807~198.242)、患有糖尿病并发症(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315~8.834)和疾病感知得分高(OR=1.320,95% CI:1.202~1.451)是高担忧高疾病感知组的危险因素,糖尿病知识主要获取途径为医护人员(OR=0.101,95% CI:0.029~0.355)和心理弹性得分高(OR=0.817,95% CI:0.747~0.894)是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的保护因素(均P<0.05),见表3
本研究通过潜在剖面分析将2型糖尿病住院患者的并发症风险感知分为三类。高自信低疾病风险感知组的患者表现为高信心低风险意识,存在低估并发症风险的情况,与国内学者[12]的研究相似。高信心低风险意识反映了患者对控制疾病的盲目乐观以及对糖尿病并发症知识的缺乏。针对该类患者,临床医护人员可利用数字健康技术进行并发症模拟体验式教育或通过个性化沟通了解患者的归因倾向,从源头纠正患者的乐观偏见,使患者形成正确的风险态度。风险感知适宜组的患者具有一定的风险意识,这可能与患者已经认识到疾病的不可治愈性和已承受并发症负担有关,提示该类患者具有维持适宜风险感知水平和提升自我管理的潜力。对于该类患者,医护人员可使用在线计算评估等新方式和并发症风险测评工具,了解患者对自身罹患并发症风险的主观感知和客观患病程度,从而提高患者的自我评估能力,促进患者制定适宜的血糖管理计划。高担忧高疾病风险感知组的患者较关注糖尿病并发症且认为难以控制并发症的发生,可能与疾病对该类患者造成的影响较大有关。对此,临床医护人员应持续评估患者的感知风险与实际风险之间的差距,给予患者准确的风险信息以协助其形成准确认知,同时提供可行的风险规避措施,以减轻患者因疾病失控感所致的负面感受。
本研究显示2型糖尿病住院患者疾病感知得分高是高自信低疾病风险感知组的保护因素,心理弹性得分高是高自信低疾病风险感知组的危险因素。疾病感知是个体对疾病的主观认知过程,能够影响患者的行为、心理反应和疾病自我管理[13]。当糖尿病患者认识到并发症的易感性与严重性后,更容易将其视为健康威胁,从而提高风险感知程度。心理弹性是指个体在逆境中适应自身行为和心理状态的能力[14],然而心理状况较好的患者也可能会以侥幸心理应对风险。因此,临床医护人员应关注患者的心理状态,可与心理专家共同开展糖尿病心理讲座和支持性心理辅导,以改善患者的疾病感知和心理弹性,从而将患者的风险感知水平控制在适宜水平。
本研究显示2型糖尿病住院患者文化程度高、患有糖尿病并发症是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的危险因素,糖尿病知识主要获取途径为医护人员是高担忧高疾病风险感知组的保护因素。文化程度反映了个体对事件的认知程度,文化程度高的患者对并发症的威胁性能够有更清晰的认知;并发症的出现不仅增加治疗难度,还会加重经济负担,因而已经患有并发症的患者更能够意识到风险;研究显示,患者获取疾病信息的主要来源是医护人员,对于其他途径的利用程度较低[15],在就医过程中医护人员为患者提供的医学信息在一定程度上能够缓解其对疾病的担忧和恐惧。因此,临床医护人员需纠正文化程度高的患者对风险认知的盲区和误区,以减轻其担忧程度;还可帮助已患并发症的患者实现风险认知重组,使其接受并发症事实和规律治疗,以降低其他并发症的发生;另外,医护人员在实施健康教育时应掌握适宜的频率和程度,避免夸大疾病的威胁性,以防患者因风险信息过载产生负面情感响应。
综上,2型糖尿病患者并发症风险感知可分为高自信低疾病风险感知组、风险感知适宜组、高担忧高疾病风险感知组三类,且各类之间存在明显差异。临床医护人员可针对不同类别实施个性化的干预措施,以改善患者风险感知水平。本研究为横断面研究,未来可进行纵向研究,以观察患者并发症风险感知的动态变化。
  • 河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897)
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408100
  • 接收时间:2024-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07
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河北省卫计委医学科学研究重点课题(20170897)
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    华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 唐山 063210

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孙玉倩,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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