Article(id=1241035545325925045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408399, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724688000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531331, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531331, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531331, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4485, endPage=4491, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035545711801020, articleId=1241035545325925045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the intervention effect of different order concurrent training on body composition and cardiopulmonary endurance of primary school students, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effects of different sequential strength and endurance training on body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance of primary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for scientific guidance of primary school students’ fitness and improvement of children’s physical health. Subjects 60 boys in grade 5 of a primary school in Beijing (age: 10.22 y±0.73 y; height: 150.23 cm±9.63 cm; weight:45.71 kg±8.09 kg; BMI: 20.25 kg/m2±4.77 kg/m2).

Methods

The subjects were divided into three groups: simple endurance group (n=20), RE group (n=20) and ER group (n=20). Three groups of subjects were trained for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. Maximum oxygen uptake, body composition, lung function and other indicators were tested before and after intervention.One-way ANOVA and Paired Sample T-Test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

After 12 weeks of exercise training intervention, there was no significant difference in the growth rate ofthe weight of the subjects between the three groups (Egroup: 2.78±7.23; REgroup: 4.00±7.20; ER groupin the same period: 3.47±7.94)(P>0.05).Compared with the simple endurance group, the percentage of physical fitness (Egroup: 10.69±3.34; RE group: 16.38±6.34; ER group: 23.15±10.30) was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the ER group was better than the RE group (P<0.05). The muscle growth rate (Egroup: 6.84 ± 2.91; RE group: 12.58 ± 3.68; the ER group: 10.63±2.91) in the same period group was higher than the simple endurance group (P<0.01), and the RE group was higher than the ER group (P<0.05).The growth rate of vital capacity (Egroup: 12.71±4.64; RE group: 20.35±4.22; the ER group: 17.76±5.51) in the same period group was higher than that in the endurance group (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the growth rate of vital capacity body mass index between the three groups (E group: 9.43±8.23; RE group: 16.55±7.96; the same period ER group: 13.44±10.26) (P>0.05).The maximum oxygen uptake growth rate (Egroup: 7.06±2.55; RE group: 14.10±4.12; the ER group: 11.26±4.04) in the same period group was higher than the endurance group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Concurrent training is superior to simple endurance training in improving children’s body composition and cardiopulmonary endurance. The endurance-strength training sequence can effectively reduce the body fat content, the training sequence of strength-endurance can effectively increase the content of skeletal muscle and the improvement of children’s cardiopulmonary function is not related to the training sequence.

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目的

探究不同顺序同期力量和耐力训练对小学生体成分和心肺耐力的影响,为科学指导小学生健身,提高儿童体质健康提供理论依据;北京某小学五年级男生60人(年龄:10.22 y±0.73 y;身高:150.23 cm±9.63 cm;体重:45.71 kg±8.09 kg;BMI:20.25 kg/m2±4.77 kg/m2)。

方法

受试者分为单纯耐力组(n=20)、同期RE组(n=20)、同期ER组(n=20),对三组受试者进行为期12周,每周3次不同形式训练干预。干预前后进行最大摄氧量、体成分、肺功能等指标测试。采用单因素方差分析和配对样本T检验进行统计学分析。

结果

12周运动训练干预后,受试者体重(E组:2.78±7.23;同期RE组:4.00±7.20;同期ER组:3.47±7.94)增长率方面,三组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);与单纯耐力组相比,体质百分比(E组:10.69±3.34;RE组:16.38±6.34;ER组:23.15±10.30)得到显著性降低(P<0.01),并且同期ER组优于同期RE组(P<0.05);肌肉增长率方面(E组:6.84±2.91;RE组:12.58±3.68;ER组:10.63±2.91)同期组高于单纯耐力组(P<0.01),同期RE组高于同期ER组(P<0.05)。肺活量增长率方面(E组:12.71±4.64;RE组:20.35±4.22;ER组:17.76±5.51)同期组高于耐力组(P<0.01),但两同期组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);肺活量体重指数增长率方面(E组:9.43±8.23;同期RE组:16.55±7.96;同期ER组:13.44±10.26)三组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);最大摄氧量增长率方面(E组:7.06±2.55;RE组:14.10±4.12;ER组:11.26±4.04)同期组高于耐力组(P<0.01),但两同期组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。

结论

同期训练在改善少年儿童体成分和提高心肺耐力方面优于单纯耐力训练。其中耐力-力量的训练顺序可以有效降低机体脂肪含量;力量-耐力的训练顺序可以有效增加骨骼肌含量,少年儿童的心肺机能提高与训练顺序不相关。

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宋洁,E-mail:
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林建健(1983—),男,广西柳州人,硕士,副教授,研究方向:学校体育,运动健康

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Association of light-intensity physical activity,sedentary time and body composition in adolescents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000245625496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=541, pageEnd=544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=齐玉刚, 王津, 徐冬青, journalName=天津体育学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=齐玉刚,王津,徐冬青.有氧抗阻结合与单纯有氧运动减重干预的对比研究[J].天津体育学院学报, 2020, 35(5): 541-544., articleTitle=有氧抗阻结合与单纯有氧运动减重干预的对比研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000358871707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=541, pageEnd=544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Qi YG, Wang J, Xu DQ, journalName=Journal of Tianjin University of Sport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi YG, Wang J, Xu DQ. Comparison of the effects of aerobic-resistance and aerobic training on body weight control in female uni-versity students with obesity[J]. Journal of Tianjin University of Sport, 2020, 35(5): 541-544. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison of the effects of aerobic-resistance and aerobic training on body weight control in female uni-versity students with obesity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000472117920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=11, pageStart=983, pageEnd=990, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Mcgawley K, Andersson PI, journalName=International Journal of Sports Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mcgawley K, Andersson PI. The order of concurrent training does not affect soccer-related performance adaptations[J]. 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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2011, 5(10): 1195-1201., articleTitle=The effect of the sequence of concurrent strength and endurance training on aerobic capacity,anaerobic capacity and maximum strength of male adolescents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000677638826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=11, issue=6, pageStart=485, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Collins MA, Snow TK, journalName=Journal of Sports Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Collins MA, Snow TK. Are adaptations to combined endurance and strength training affected by the sequence of training?[J]. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1993, 11(6): 485-491., articleTitle=Are adaptations to combined endurance and strength training affected by the sequence of training?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070000774107820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=60, issue=null, pageStart=207, pageEnd=214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Wilhelm EN, Rech A, Minozzo F, journalName=Experimental Gerontology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wilhelm EN, Rech A, Minozzo F, et al. Concurrent strength and endurance training exercise sequence does not affect neuromuscular adaptations in older men[J]. Experimental Gerontology, 2014, 60: 207-214., articleTitle=Concurrent strength and endurance training exercise sequence does not affect neuromuscular adaptations in older men, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069998274302536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, awardId=3262024T51, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3262024T51), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069986739965974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069986748354583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, companyId=1241069986739965974, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of International Relations, Beijing 100091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069986752548888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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caption=受试对象纳入流程图, figureFileSmall=vKrxS0T20Y3SdTlTX5pT6Q==, figureFileBig=z2gHeWV8Nyl1V8xOBZ9IAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069993694122379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Weight change rate of subjects before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=5/xg/3qRRWXI0X/AYP2w6Q==, figureFileBig=4LwOAn3r96vUBPjRQGLGSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069993794785687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图2, caption=干预前后受试者体重变化率, figureFileSmall=5/xg/3qRRWXI0X/AYP2w6Q==, figureFileBig=4LwOAn3r96vUBPjRQGLGSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069993924809127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Change rate of body fat percentage of subjects before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=0su96E2wMQf8Jm3W2MhcRA==, figureFileBig=CQt1j7GYwld++qA+r75yaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994096775602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图3, caption=干预前后受试者体脂百分比变化率, figureFileSmall=0su96E2wMQf8Jm3W2MhcRA==, figureFileBig=CQt1j7GYwld++qA+r75yaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994230993341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Change rate of muscle mass before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=YJ5rrEuqIl591XteDLzQ7g==, figureFileBig=A8xPOWHyayM0XDvsVC4uDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994331656647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图4, caption=干预前后受试者肌肉量变化率, figureFileSmall=YJ5rrEuqIl591XteDLzQ7g==, figureFileBig=A8xPOWHyayM0XDvsVC4uDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994436514254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The change rate of vital capacity before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=iAv3Nd360+lh3JCccGVi5Q==, figureFileBig=8geKEDOr9ROIctOH8a5GWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994507817428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图5, caption=干预前后受试者肺活量变化率, figureFileSmall=iAv3Nd360+lh3JCccGVi5Q==, figureFileBig=8geKEDOr9ROIctOH8a5GWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994717532635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Change rate of vital capacity body mass index before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=DyTCwa0wNnD5dYAGwEmQLA==, figureFileBig=6NAkfy8FV+2hLWcpEQUuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994843361762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图6, caption=干预前后受试者肺活量体重指数变化率, figureFileSmall=DyTCwa0wNnD5dYAGwEmQLA==, figureFileBig=6NAkfy8FV+2hLWcpEQUuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069994969190891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The change rate of maximal oxygen uptake of subjects before and after intervention, figureFileSmall=Vm2peE8n/MG0snUZGCVjQQ==, figureFileBig=QeEAWJHdxTQlRh5tcr5EBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995065659886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=图7, caption=干预前后受试者最大摄氧量变化率, figureFileSmall=Vm2peE8n/MG0snUZGCVjQQ==, figureFileBig=QeEAWJHdxTQlRh5tcr5EBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241069995178906100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information table of subjects

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组别N年龄(岁)身高(厘米)体重(千克)BMI(千克/平方米)
耐力组2010.06±2.71150.6±5.0042.25±8.7722.12±2.20
同期RE组2010.49±1.92154.8±4.8238.55±7.7221.84±1.92
同期ER组2010.182±1.66149.54±4.6740.41±6.2721.83±1.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995308929530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

受试对象基本信息表

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组别N年龄(岁)身高(厘米)体重(千克)BMI(千克/平方米)
耐力组2010.06±2.71150.6±5.0042.25±8.7722.12±2.20
同期RE组2010.49±1.92154.8±4.8238.55±7.7221.84±1.92
同期ER组2010.182±1.66149.54±4.6740.41±6.2721.83±1.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995405398527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes in body weight (kg) of subjects before and after intervention

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组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组43.42±4.3044.44±3.112.78±7.23
同期RE组43.36±4.1345.00±4.314.00±7.20
同期ER组44.09±4.4845.38 ±2.783.47±7.94
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995615113727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

干预前后受试者体重(kg)变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组43.42±4.3044.44±3.112.78±7.23
同期RE组43.36±4.1345.00±4.314.00±7.20
同期ER组44.09±4.4845.38 ±2.783.47±7.94
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995715777032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in body fat percentage (%) of subjects before and after intervention

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组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组21.09±5.8616.24±3.23a10.69±3.34
同期RE组20.77±4.4215.08±2.88a16.38±6.34
同期ER组22.11.±3.2917.12 ±3.53a23.15±10.30
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995824828941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

干预前后受试者体脂百分比(%)变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组21.09±5.8616.24±3.23a10.69±3.34
同期RE组20.77±4.4215.08±2.88a16.38±6.34
同期ER组22.11.±3.2917.12 ±3.53a23.15±10.30
), ArticleFig(id=1241069995946463763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The changes of muscle mass (kg) before and after the intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组14.68±1.6615.68±1.73b6.84±2.91
同期RE组14.12±1.6215.87±1.70a12.58±3.68
同期ER组15.21±2.4016.80±2.45a10.63±2.91
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996072292889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

干预前后受试者肌肉量(kg)变化情况

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组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组14.68±1.6615.68±1.73b6.84±2.91
同期RE组14.12±1.6215.87±1.70a12.58±3.68
同期ER组15.21±2.4016.80±2.45a10.63±2.91
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Changes in vital capacity (ml) of subjects before and after intervention

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组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组1 853.14±176.762 087.71±205.67a12.71±4.64
同期RE组1 785.00±173.352 150.86±248.71a20.35±4.22
同期ER组1 938.57±156.992 278.86±158.56a17.76±5.51
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干预前后受试者肺活量(ml)变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组1 853.14±176.762 087.71±205.67a12.71±4.64
同期RE组1 785.00±173.352 150.86±248.71a20.35±4.22
同期ER组1 938.57±156.992 278.86±158.56a17.76±5.51
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Changes in vital capacity body mass index (ml/kg) of subjects before and after intervention

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组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组43.24±6.2347.06±5.98a9.43±8.23
同期RE组42.01±5.6548.69±4.50a16.55±7.96
同期ER组44.04±6.4949.48 ±4.13a13.44±10.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241069996500111920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

干预前后受试者肺活量体重指数(ml/kg)变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别前测后测Δ%
耐力组43.24±6.2347.06±5.98a9.43±8.23
同期RE组42.01±5.6548.69±4.50a16.55±7.96
同期ER组44.04±6.4949.48 ±4.13a13.44±10.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998005867063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Changes of maximal oxygen uptake[ml/(min·kg)]before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别后测Δ%
耐力组47.94±4.10a7.06±2.55
同期RE组48.91±4.28a14.10±4.12
同期ER组48.16 ±5.77a11.26±4.04
), ArticleFig(id=1241069998081364540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545325925045, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

干预前后受试者最大摄氧量[ml/(min·kg)]变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别后测Δ%
耐力组47.94±4.10a7.06±2.55
同期RE组48.91±4.28a14.10±4.12
同期ER组48.16 ±5.77a11.26±4.04
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不同顺序同期训练对小学生身体成分和心肺耐力干预效果的研究
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林建健 1 , 宋洁 2 , 张文静 3 , 李晓燕 4
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(24): 4485-4491
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(24): 4485-4491
不同顺序同期训练对小学生身体成分和心肺耐力干预效果的研究
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林建健1, 宋洁2 , 张文静3, 李晓燕4
作者信息
  • 1.国际关系学院,北京 100091
  • 2.北京农学院
  • 3.北京十一晋元中学
  • 4.首都师范大学附属育新学校
  • 林建健(1983—),男,广西柳州人,硕士,副教授,研究方向:学校体育,运动健康

通讯作者:

宋洁,E-mail:
Study on the intervention effect of different order concurrent training on body composition and cardiopulmonary endurance of primary school students
Jian-jian LIN1, Jie SONG2 , Wen-jing ZHANG3, Xiao-yan LI4
Affiliations
  • School of International Relations, Beijing 100091, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408399
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目的

探究不同顺序同期力量和耐力训练对小学生体成分和心肺耐力的影响,为科学指导小学生健身,提高儿童体质健康提供理论依据;北京某小学五年级男生60人(年龄:10.22 y±0.73 y;身高:150.23 cm±9.63 cm;体重:45.71 kg±8.09 kg;BMI:20.25 kg/m2±4.77 kg/m2)。

方法

受试者分为单纯耐力组(n=20)、同期RE组(n=20)、同期ER组(n=20),对三组受试者进行为期12周,每周3次不同形式训练干预。干预前后进行最大摄氧量、体成分、肺功能等指标测试。采用单因素方差分析和配对样本T检验进行统计学分析。

结果

12周运动训练干预后,受试者体重(E组:2.78±7.23;同期RE组:4.00±7.20;同期ER组:3.47±7.94)增长率方面,三组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);与单纯耐力组相比,体质百分比(E组:10.69±3.34;RE组:16.38±6.34;ER组:23.15±10.30)得到显著性降低(P<0.01),并且同期ER组优于同期RE组(P<0.05);肌肉增长率方面(E组:6.84±2.91;RE组:12.58±3.68;ER组:10.63±2.91)同期组高于单纯耐力组(P<0.01),同期RE组高于同期ER组(P<0.05)。肺活量增长率方面(E组:12.71±4.64;RE组:20.35±4.22;ER组:17.76±5.51)同期组高于耐力组(P<0.01),但两同期组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);肺活量体重指数增长率方面(E组:9.43±8.23;同期RE组:16.55±7.96;同期ER组:13.44±10.26)三组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);最大摄氧量增长率方面(E组:7.06±2.55;RE组:14.10±4.12;ER组:11.26±4.04)同期组高于耐力组(P<0.01),但两同期组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。

结论

同期训练在改善少年儿童体成分和提高心肺耐力方面优于单纯耐力训练。其中耐力-力量的训练顺序可以有效降低机体脂肪含量;力量-耐力的训练顺序可以有效增加骨骼肌含量,少年儿童的心肺机能提高与训练顺序不相关。

同期训练  /  耐力训练  /  训练顺序  /  小学生  /  体成分  /  心肺耐力
Objective

To explore the effects of different sequential strength and endurance training on body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance of primary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for scientific guidance of primary school students’ fitness and improvement of children’s physical health. Subjects 60 boys in grade 5 of a primary school in Beijing (age: 10.22 y±0.73 y; height: 150.23 cm±9.63 cm; weight:45.71 kg±8.09 kg; BMI: 20.25 kg/m2±4.77 kg/m2).

Methods

The subjects were divided into three groups: simple endurance group (n=20), RE group (n=20) and ER group (n=20). Three groups of subjects were trained for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. Maximum oxygen uptake, body composition, lung function and other indicators were tested before and after intervention.One-way ANOVA and Paired Sample T-Test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

After 12 weeks of exercise training intervention, there was no significant difference in the growth rate ofthe weight of the subjects between the three groups (Egroup: 2.78±7.23; REgroup: 4.00±7.20; ER groupin the same period: 3.47±7.94)(P>0.05).Compared with the simple endurance group, the percentage of physical fitness (Egroup: 10.69±3.34; RE group: 16.38±6.34; ER group: 23.15±10.30) was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the ER group was better than the RE group (P<0.05). The muscle growth rate (Egroup: 6.84 ± 2.91; RE group: 12.58 ± 3.68; the ER group: 10.63±2.91) in the same period group was higher than the simple endurance group (P<0.01), and the RE group was higher than the ER group (P<0.05).The growth rate of vital capacity (Egroup: 12.71±4.64; RE group: 20.35±4.22; the ER group: 17.76±5.51) in the same period group was higher than that in the endurance group (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the growth rate of vital capacity body mass index between the three groups (E group: 9.43±8.23; RE group: 16.55±7.96; the same period ER group: 13.44±10.26) (P>0.05).The maximum oxygen uptake growth rate (Egroup: 7.06±2.55; RE group: 14.10±4.12; the ER group: 11.26±4.04) in the same period group was higher than the endurance group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Concurrent training is superior to simple endurance training in improving children’s body composition and cardiopulmonary endurance. The endurance-strength training sequence can effectively reduce the body fat content, the training sequence of strength-endurance can effectively increase the content of skeletal muscle and the improvement of children’s cardiopulmonary function is not related to the training sequence.

Concurrent training  /  Endurance training  /  Training sequence  /  Primary school students  /  Body composition  /  Cardiopulmonary endurance
林建健, 宋洁, 张文静, 李晓燕. 不同顺序同期训练对小学生身体成分和心肺耐力干预效果的研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4485 -4491 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408399
Jian-jian LIN, Jie SONG, Wen-jing ZHANG, Xiao-yan LI. Study on the intervention effect of different order concurrent training on body composition and cardiopulmonary endurance of primary school students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4485 -4491 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408399
儿童青少年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,促进其体质健康是一个民族生命力旺盛的重要体现,也是社会文明进步的重要标志[1]。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》给学生体质健康设定的达标率为25%,但在最近的一次全国学生体质健康调查(2019)中,6~22岁学生体质健康的达标率距离(23.8%)目标还有一定的差距[2],可见,我国儿童青少年体质健康水平还有待于提高。同时,心肺耐力(Cardiorespiratory Fitness,CRF)是影响儿童青少年身体活动和基本运动技能水平的重要因素。反映人摄取、运输和利用氧的综合能力[3],心肺耐力水平较高的儿童青少年能有效降低心血管疾病发生的风险[4-5],儿童青少年时期低水平心肺耐力对健康造成的影响将会延续至成年[6]。可见,有效提高儿童青少年心肺耐力成为目前儿童青少年体质健康研究的重要焦点。
同期训练(Concurrent training CT)是指力量和耐力素质的训练任务安排在相同时期的一种训练方法,其研究开始于美国运动生理学家Hickson在1980年的研究报告[7],该研究发现进行有氧和力量同期训练并非是简单的力量和耐力训练效果的叠加,而是存在一定的“内耗”,即与单独耐力或力量训练相比,同期训练可能会对力量或耐力素质的发展产生消极影响,有学者称之为“干扰效应”(Interference effect)[8]。干扰效应的影响因素很多,包括训练频率、训练时间已经受试者的个体差异等。其中,力量和耐力训练的顺序安排也是训练效果的重要影响因素。
本文以儿童少年为研究对象,以不同顺序同期训练进行运动干预,探究改善儿童少年身体成分和心肺耐力的最佳训练顺序,为完善同期训练理论体系和指导学生科学健身提供参考依据。
从北京某小学五年级中3个平行班招募自愿参与本研究的男生,共计60人。采用随机数字表法,分为单纯耐力组(E:n=20)、同期耐力-力量组(ER:n=20)、同期力量-耐力组(RE:n=20人),受试者在教学条件、师资力量、体育课、课外活动、课间操时间和练习内容等方面完全相同。受试者身体健康,无运动禁忌症。参与本项研究前均告知学生监护人相关研究和测试内容,所有受试者及监护人均签订知情同意书。本研究通过国际关系学院体育美育教研室科研伦理审核认定(批号:TMS202301),受试者基本情况如表1
利用下午15:30下课后的兴趣社团时间进行干预。共计12周,每周一、三、五共3次,时长为1小时。力量干预方案为:以波比跳、深蹲跳、纵跳、提踵、高抬腿、弓箭步走等内容进行循环练习,每个动作持续的时间为30 s,每次间歇时间为30 s,共持续20 min。耐力干预方案为:①适应阶段:第1~2周每次进行30 s快跑+30 s快走交替,共持续20 min;第3~4周每次进行60 s快跑+60 s快走交替,共持续20 min。②提高阶段:第5~8周,每次进行2 min快跑+1min快走交替,共持续20 min;第9~12周,每次进行3 min快跑+1 min快走交替,共持续20 min。力量与耐力干预之间的转换间隔时间为10~15 min。干预过程中运动强度通过心率遥测仪进行实时监控,运动强度控制在心率130~160次/min[9]
使用Inbody 720身体成分测量仪(韩国)测试学生肌肉量和体脂百分率指标。利用公式:BMI(kg/m2)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2,计算受试者BMI值;利用肺活量测试仪(型号:HADTZCS-3,中国)测试肺活量、并计算肺活量体重指数,肺活量体重指数(VCWI)=肺活量(mL)/体重(kg)。
采用PACER测试(20 m折返跑)间接推算受试者最大摄氧量[10]。方法:20 m距离两端各摆放一个锥形筒,受试者站在起点锥形筒处,听到音乐开始信号后跑向另一端,待信号声再次响起时折返跑回,如果信号声响起时还未到达,应马上在原地转身折返跑回,信号声间的时间间隔会逐渐缩短,当学生第1次在信号声响起时未到达端线,测试继续。第2次时,测试终止,记录所完成的总圈数,并获得最终强度级别。计算公式:最大摄氧量[ml/min·kg)]=31.025+3.238×最大跑速-2.0944×年龄+0.1536×年龄×最大跑速(其中最大跑速=8+0.5*最终强度级别)
测试前开展前期调研,明确所有受试者除参加学校常规体育课外,均未参加其他形式的课后体育活动,降低无关风险因素对实验结果可能造成的影响,专门人员记录受试者参加训练干预的总次数,所有受试者都完成了至少90%的规定训练课后方可纳入最后的研究范围。为了控制营养摄入,受试者和监护人接受口头和书面的营养建议,并被要求在12周的训练中保持饮食摄入量不变。
数据采用平均值±标准差()表示,利用Excel 2010对测试数据进行录入、整理,采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,利用GraphPad Prism 8.3.0软件进行作图。利用Shapiro-Wilk test对数据进行正态性检验,利用Box检验测试数据是否方差齐,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)检验运动干预前各组数据的差异性,以及数据前后变化率的差异,采用LSD事后检验进行两两比较。采用配对样本t检验(Paired Sample t test)检验组内干预前后数据的变化情况,检验水准α=0.05。
在实验中后期有5名同学因身体不适等原因并退出实验,因此,本研究最终有效对象为单纯耐力组18人、同期RE组19人,同期ER组18人(如图1)。所有受试者都完成了至少90%的规定训练课程。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者体重前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动训练后,三组受试者体重均没有发生显著性变化(P>0.05)。同时,单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在体重增长率上没有组间差异(P>0.05)。如表2图2所示。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者体脂百分比前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动干预后,三组受试者体脂百分比均得到非常显著性提高(P≤0.01)。同期ER组提高幅度最大,其次是同期RE组,单纯耐力组提高幅度最小。单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在体脂变化率方面具有组间差异(F=5.649,P=0.017)。事后比较发现,同期组与单纯耐力组相比存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),两同期组之间存在显著性(P<0.05)。如表3图3所示。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者肌肉量前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动干预后,三组受试者肌肉量均得到显著性提高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。同期RE组提高幅度最大,其次是同期ER组,单纯耐力组提高幅度最小。单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在肌肉量方面具有组间差异(F=2.107,P=0.009)。事后比较发现,同期组与单纯耐力组相比存在显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),两同期组之间存在显著性(P<0.05)。如表4图4所示。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者肺活量前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动干预后,三组受试者肺活量均得到非常显著性提高(P≤0.01)。同期RE组提高幅度最大,其次是同期ER组,单纯耐力组提高幅度最小。单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在体脂变化率方面具有组间差异(F=3.571,P=0.009)。事后比较发现,同期组与单纯耐力组相比存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),但是两同期组之间没有发现显著性差异(P>0.05)。如表5图5所示。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者肺活量体重指数前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动训练后,三组受试者肺活量体重指数均产生显著性变化(P<0.05)。同时,单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在肺活量体重指数增长率上没有组间差异(P>0.05)。如表6图6所示。
Shapiro-Wilk和Box检验的结果表明,受试者最大摄氧量前后测试数据和增长率均符合正态分布和方差齐性(P>0.05)。配对样本t检验结果表明,12周运动干预后,三组受试者最大摄氧量均得到非常显著性提高(P<0.01)。同期RE组提高幅度最大,其次是同期ER组,单纯耐力组提高幅度最小。单因素方差分析的结果表明,三组受试者在最大摄氧量增长率方面具有组间差异(F=4.019,P=0.022)。事后比较发现,同期组与单纯耐力组相比存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),但是两同期组之间没有发现显著性差异(P>0.05)。如表7图7所示。
我们研究中发现,12周不同形式运动训练干预对儿童少年的身体成分和心肺耐力产生了不同的影响。训练干预前后,三组受试者体重都没有发生显著性变化,体重变化率方面,三组之间也没有显著性差异。体育运动虽然可以达到降低体重的效果,但是少年儿童正处于身体快速发育时期,加上生活水平的提高,受试者摄取充足的营养,可能导致能量过剩,而本研究的运动干预不足以消耗多余的能量,所以导致受试者体重没有发生降低,甚至个别受试者体重增加的现象。
体育运动是促进代谢反应、改善脂肪堆积的有效方法,并且机体脂肪代谢的速率与运动量相关[11]。我们研究发现,与单纯耐力组相比,同期力量和耐力训练可以更有效降低儿童少年的脂肪含量同时增加骨骼肌含量,并且先耐力后力量的训练顺序比相反顺序更有利于减少体脂含量,而先力量后耐力的训练顺序比相反顺序更有利于增加骨骼肌含量。齐玉刚等人[12]研究认为,运动减脂干预过程中,相同强度、时间的力量和耐力结合运动具有协同作用,与单纯有氧运动的减脂相比效果更为理想。这是因为力量训练可以有效提高机体骨骼肌蛋白合成,对骨骼肌肥大有重要的意义。所以,耐力训练过程中加入力量训练可以在有效降低体脂含量的同时增加骨骼肌含量。
另外,在研究同期训练对心肺耐力的影响时,我们发现同期训练比单纯耐力训练在提高少年儿童肺活量和最大摄氧量的效果更好,但是两同期组之间没有较大的差异。Mcgawley等[13]以18名职业或者半职业足球运动员为受试对象,进行为期五周,每周三次的HIT-力量或者力量-HIT训练。比较干预前后Yo-Yo跑、6*30米重复冲刺跑、40米灵敏测试等素质,发现两种顺序同期训练都能提高受试者以上素质,但是组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。Tarasi等[14]研究表明,VO2max在耐力训练组和两组同期训练组均显著提高,且耐力训练组与力量训练组和对照组VO2max的增加差异显著。作者认为,在耐力训练计划中加入力量训练不会抑制有氧能力的提高,另外,两同期训练组之间没有显著差异。Collins等[15]以23个女性,11名男性为研究对象,随机分为同期ST/ET(n=15)、同期ET/ST(n=15)和对照组(n=4)进行为期7周的训练,干预前后进行VO2max测试。结果表明,与前测相比VO2max在ST/ET和ET/ST组分别显著提高了6.7%和6.2%(P<0.05),而对照组无显著性提高(P>0.05),不同顺序同期间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
一项以老年人为受试对象的研究也得出同样的结论,Wilhelm等人[16]以老年人为研究对象,随机分为力量-耐力组和耐力-力量组,进行12周,每周2次不同训练干预。训练前后测试受试者峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、第二通气阈(VT2)等指标。结果表面,两同期组耐力指标改善情况优于对照组,但是两实验之间没有显著性差异,以上研究结论与我们的结果大体一致。建议在进行同期训练时根据训练目的合理安排训练顺序。
同期训练在改善少年儿童体成分和提高心肺耐力方面优于单纯耐力训练。其中耐力-力量的训练顺序可以有效降低机体脂肪含量;力量-耐力的训练顺序可以有效增加骨骼肌含量,少年儿童的心肺机能提高与训练顺序不相关。
除了运动训练外,饮食结构和睡眠等因素也可能对儿童体成分等指标产生一定影响。但是我们在实验过程中,并没有对其饮食和睡眠情况进行干预,建议后续研究中加强对该方面的关注。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3262024T51)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408399
  • 接收时间:2024-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27
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中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3262024T51)
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    1.国际关系学院,北京 100091
    2.北京农学院
    3.北京十一晋元中学
    4.首都师范大学附属育新学校

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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