Article(id=1241035545011343667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407243, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720800000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815531255, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815531255, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815531255, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815531255, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241035543589483182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815530917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815686426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241036195896029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241035543589483182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4536, endPage=4541, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241035545573380405, articleId=1241035545011343667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study on the interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status of College Students, columnId=null, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between the interaction of health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status of college students, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for improving sub-health status of college students.

Methods

Cluster sampling was used to investigate the social demographic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone dependence and sub-health of college students in Shandong Second Medical University. logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and sub-health status, and the interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status was analyzed.

Results

The total detection rates of mobile phone dependence and sub-health were 83.8% (461/550) and 66.7% (367/550), respectively. After adjusting relevant variables, logistic regression analysis found that college students with low health literacy and dependence on mobile phones had the highest risk of sub-health, which was 31.901 times that of college students with high health literacy and no dependence on mobile phones, and the college students without mobile phone dependence and high health literacy were taken as the reference group, and mobile phone dependence and medium and low health literacy had positive synergistic interactions with sub-health, OR values were 5.030 (95% CI: 3.079 - 8.217) and 8.014 (95% CI: 4.404 - 14.583). The calculated relative values of RERI, AP and SI didn’t meet the conditions and cannot indicate the existence of additive interaction.

Conclusion

The interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence is associated with sub-health status of college students, which can be used as an evidence-based basis to improve health.

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目的

探索健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联,为改善在校大学生亚健康状况提供循证依据。

方法

采用整群抽样对山东第二医科大学在校大学生进行问卷调查,获取社会人口学特征、健康素养、手机依赖和亚健康等方面的信息。采用logistic回归模型进行各因素与亚健康状况之间的相关性分析,并对健康素养和手机依赖与亚健康状况之间进行交互作用分析。

结果

调查对象手机依赖和亚健康的总检出率分别为83.8%(461/550)、 66.7%(367/550)。调整相关变量后,通过logistic回归分析发现,低健康素养且有手机依赖的在校大学生发生亚健康的风险最高,是高健康素养且无手机依赖的在校大学生的31.901倍,以无手机依赖且高健康素养的在校大学生作为参照组,有手机依赖且中、低健康素养对亚健康具有正向相乘交互作用,OR值分别为5.030(95% CI:3.079~8.217)、8.014(95% CI:4.404~14.583)。计算出的RERI、AP、SI的相关数值不符合条件,不能说明存在相加交互作用。

结论

健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况存在一定关联,可作为改善健康的循证依据。

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王团伟,E-mail:
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彭轲(2001—),男,本科在读,研究方向:大学生亚健康研究

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Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2015, 4(2): 85-92., articleTitle=Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241069994964996585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, awardId=LH2022GG07, language=CN, fundingSource=国家食品安全风险评估中心2022年度科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG07), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241069995061465582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, awardId=2022YX040, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年潍坊市科技发展计划项目(医学类)(2022YX040), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241069989566926975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989587898495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, companyId=1241069989566926975, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health,Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241069989596287105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, companyId=1241069989566926975, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,潍坊 261000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241069993589264767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of mobile phone dependence and sub-health among college students in different social demographic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量手机依赖情况亚健康状况
人数(%χ2P人数(%χ2P
性别1.2340.2676.5750.010
219(82.0)164(61.4)
242(85.5)203(71.7)
年龄(岁)7.8990.00512.545< 0.001
18~21236(79.7)178(60.1)
22~25225(88.6)189(74.4)
专业7.7390.17118.9790.002
临床医学92(83.6)74(67.3)
口腔医学74(85.1)63(72.4)
麻醉医学69(86.3)55(68.8)
预防医学69(75.8)44(48.4)
医学影像学77(90.6)65(76.5)
其他专业80(82.5)66(68.0)
年级11.9730.01813.1870.010
大一86(79.6)62(57.4)
大二80(76.2)68(64.8)
大三92(83.6)68(61.8)
大四112(87.5)91(71.1)
大五91(91.9)78(78.8)
生源地0.4190.5173.8510.050
农村240(84.8)178(62.9)
城镇221(82.8)189(70.8)
是否独生子女3.1070.07818.636< 0.001
249(86.5)216(75.0)
212(80.9)151(57.6)
父亲文化程度7.0020.0082.9700.085
高中以下262(87.6)209(69.9)
高中及以上199(79.3)158(62.9)
母亲文化程度5.4540.0201.1360.287
高中以下279(86.9)220(68.5)
高中及以上182(79.5)147(64.2)
自评家庭经济状况1.3640.5069.9180.007
较差94(82.5)82(71.9)
中等283(85.2)229(69.0)
良好84(80.8)56(53.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069993740259726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

在校大学生手机依赖和亚健康在不同社会人口学特征中的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量手机依赖情况亚健康状况
人数(%χ2P人数(%χ2P
性别1.2340.2676.5750.010
219(82.0)164(61.4)
242(85.5)203(71.7)
年龄(岁)7.8990.00512.545< 0.001
18~21236(79.7)178(60.1)
22~25225(88.6)189(74.4)
专业7.7390.17118.9790.002
临床医学92(83.6)74(67.3)
口腔医学74(85.1)63(72.4)
麻醉医学69(86.3)55(68.8)
预防医学69(75.8)44(48.4)
医学影像学77(90.6)65(76.5)
其他专业80(82.5)66(68.0)
年级11.9730.01813.1870.010
大一86(79.6)62(57.4)
大二80(76.2)68(64.8)
大三92(83.6)68(61.8)
大四112(87.5)91(71.1)
大五91(91.9)78(78.8)
生源地0.4190.5173.8510.050
农村240(84.8)178(62.9)
城镇221(82.8)189(70.8)
是否独生子女3.1070.07818.636< 0.001
249(86.5)216(75.0)
212(80.9)151(57.6)
父亲文化程度7.0020.0082.9700.085
高中以下262(87.6)209(69.9)
高中及以上199(79.3)158(62.9)
母亲文化程度5.4540.0201.1360.287
高中以下279(86.9)220(68.5)
高中及以上182(79.5)147(64.2)
自评家庭经济状况1.3640.5069.9180.007
较差94(82.5)82(71.9)
中等283(85.2)229(69.0)
良好84(80.8)56(53.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069993849311647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the correlation between health literacy, mobile phone dependence and sub-health of college students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSE Wald χ2POR (95% CI)a
性别(ref:女)
-0.3820.2222.9650.0850.682(0.441~1.054)
年龄(岁)(ref: 22~25)
18~21-0.4540.2872.5030.1140.635(0.362~1.114)
专业(ref:其他专业)
临床医学-0.1320.3560.1370.7110.876(0.436~1.761)
口腔医学-0.0110.3880.0010.9780.989(0.462~2.116)
麻醉医学-0.3720.3920.9030.3420.689(0.320~1.485)
预防医学-0.6900.3703.4830.0620.502(0.243~1.035)
医学影像学0.2510.3990.3980.5281.286(0.589~2.809)
年级(ref:大五)
大一-0.0370.4440.0070.9340.964(0.404~2.301)
大二0.2270.4560.2480.6181.255(0.513~3.069)
大三-0.2970.4090.5260.4680.743(0.334~1.656)
大四-0.1790.3700.2320.6300.836(0.405~1.729)
是否独生子女(ref:否)
0.9380.27711.4980.0012.555(1.486~4.394)
自评家庭经济状况(ref:良好)
较差0.8330.3485.7420.0172.301(1.164~4.548)
中等0.5930.2764.6240.0321.809(1.054~3.104)
健康素养水平(ref:高)
1.2270.31814.865<0.0013.413(1.828~6.369)
0.6880.2806.0430.0141.989(1.150~3.441)
是否手机依赖(ref:否)
2.4190.31260.111<0.00111.240(6.097~20.720)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069993987723689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

在校大学生健康素养和手机依赖与亚健康相关性的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSE Wald χ2POR (95% CI)a
性别(ref:女)
-0.3820.2222.9650.0850.682(0.441~1.054)
年龄(岁)(ref: 22~25)
18~21-0.4540.2872.5030.1140.635(0.362~1.114)
专业(ref:其他专业)
临床医学-0.1320.3560.1370.7110.876(0.436~1.761)
口腔医学-0.0110.3880.0010.9780.989(0.462~2.116)
麻醉医学-0.3720.3920.9030.3420.689(0.320~1.485)
预防医学-0.6900.3703.4830.0620.502(0.243~1.035)
医学影像学0.2510.3990.3980.5281.286(0.589~2.809)
年级(ref:大五)
大一-0.0370.4440.0070.9340.964(0.404~2.301)
大二0.2270.4560.2480.6181.255(0.513~3.069)
大三-0.2970.4090.5260.4680.743(0.334~1.656)
大四-0.1790.3700.2320.6300.836(0.405~1.729)
是否独生子女(ref:否)
0.9380.27711.4980.0012.555(1.486~4.394)
自评家庭经济状况(ref:良好)
较差0.8330.3485.7420.0172.301(1.164~4.548)
中等0.5930.2764.6240.0321.809(1.054~3.104)
健康素养水平(ref:高)
1.2270.31814.865<0.0013.413(1.828~6.369)
0.6880.2806.0430.0141.989(1.150~3.441)
是否手机依赖(ref:否)
2.4190.31260.111<0.00111.240(6.097~20.720)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994117747126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression correlation between different combinations of health literacy and mobile phone dependence of college students and sub-health status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSEWald χ2POR (95% CI)a
手机依赖健康素养
1.000
0.3650.6370.3280.5671.44(0.414~5.015)
0.9280.7261.6320.2012.528(0.609~10.493)
2.1270.47819.781<0.0018.393(3.287~21.433)
3.0700.45246.060<0.00121.544(8.877~52.286)
3.4630.50746.597<0.00131.901(11.804~86.216)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994239381951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

在校大学生健康素养和手机依赖的不同组合与亚健康状况关联的logistic回归

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSEWald χ2POR (95% CI)a
手机依赖健康素养
1.000
0.3650.6370.3280.5671.44(0.414~5.015)
0.9280.7261.6320.2012.528(0.609~10.493)
2.1270.47819.781<0.0018.393(3.287~21.433)
3.0700.45246.060<0.00121.544(8.877~52.286)
3.4630.50746.597<0.00131.901(11.804~86.216)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994331656645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Association of multiplicative interactions of health literacy and mobile phone dependence with sub-health status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSEWald χ2POR (95% CI)a
手机依赖×健康素养
无×高1.000
有×中1.6150.25041.602<0.0015.030(3.079~8.217)
有×低2.0810.30546.426<0.0018.014(4.404~14.583)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994444902864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

健康素养和手机依赖的相乘交互作用与亚健康状况的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亚健康症状
βSEWald χ2POR (95% CI)a
手机依赖×健康素养
无×高1.000
有×中1.6150.25041.602<0.0015.030(3.079~8.217)
有×低2.0810.30546.426<0.0018.014(4.404~14.583)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994604286422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Association between additive interactions of health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量RERIAPSI
健康素养手机依赖
低/高是/否-8.723(-24.394~6.949)-5.506(-19.245~8.233)0.063(0.002~2.077)
低/中是/否-11.338(-42.417~19.742)-9.591(-50.169~30.987)0.016(0.000~3831.972)
中/高是/否-8.229(-41.781~25.323)-6.141(-39.249~26.967)0.040(0.000~295.032)
), ArticleFig(id=1241069994717532636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241035545011343667, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

健康素养和手机依赖的相加交互作用与亚健康状况的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量RERIAPSI
健康素养手机依赖
低/高是/否-8.723(-24.394~6.949)-5.506(-19.245~8.233)0.063(0.002~2.077)
低/中是/否-11.338(-42.417~19.742)-9.591(-50.169~30.987)0.016(0.000~3831.972)
中/高是/否-8.229(-41.781~25.323)-6.141(-39.249~26.967)0.040(0.000~295.032)
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健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联研究
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彭轲 , 韩奎斌 , 王团伟
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(24): 4536-4541
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(24): 4536-4541
健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联研究
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彭轲, 韩奎斌, 王团伟
作者信息
  • 山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,潍坊 261000
  • 彭轲(2001—),男,本科在读,研究方向:大学生亚健康研究

通讯作者:

王团伟,E-mail:
A study on the interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status of College Students
Ke PENG, Kui-bin HAN, Tuan-wei WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health,Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407243
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目的

探索健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联,为改善在校大学生亚健康状况提供循证依据。

方法

采用整群抽样对山东第二医科大学在校大学生进行问卷调查,获取社会人口学特征、健康素养、手机依赖和亚健康等方面的信息。采用logistic回归模型进行各因素与亚健康状况之间的相关性分析,并对健康素养和手机依赖与亚健康状况之间进行交互作用分析。

结果

调查对象手机依赖和亚健康的总检出率分别为83.8%(461/550)、 66.7%(367/550)。调整相关变量后,通过logistic回归分析发现,低健康素养且有手机依赖的在校大学生发生亚健康的风险最高,是高健康素养且无手机依赖的在校大学生的31.901倍,以无手机依赖且高健康素养的在校大学生作为参照组,有手机依赖且中、低健康素养对亚健康具有正向相乘交互作用,OR值分别为5.030(95% CI:3.079~8.217)、8.014(95% CI:4.404~14.583)。计算出的RERI、AP、SI的相关数值不符合条件,不能说明存在相加交互作用。

结论

健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况存在一定关联,可作为改善健康的循证依据。

在校大学生  /  健康素养  /  手机依赖  /  亚健康
Objective

To explore the relationship between the interaction of health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status of college students, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for improving sub-health status of college students.

Methods

Cluster sampling was used to investigate the social demographic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone dependence and sub-health of college students in Shandong Second Medical University. logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and sub-health status, and the interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status was analyzed.

Results

The total detection rates of mobile phone dependence and sub-health were 83.8% (461/550) and 66.7% (367/550), respectively. After adjusting relevant variables, logistic regression analysis found that college students with low health literacy and dependence on mobile phones had the highest risk of sub-health, which was 31.901 times that of college students with high health literacy and no dependence on mobile phones, and the college students without mobile phone dependence and high health literacy were taken as the reference group, and mobile phone dependence and medium and low health literacy had positive synergistic interactions with sub-health, OR values were 5.030 (95% CI: 3.079 - 8.217) and 8.014 (95% CI: 4.404 - 14.583). The calculated relative values of RERI, AP and SI didn’t meet the conditions and cannot indicate the existence of additive interaction.

Conclusion

The interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence is associated with sub-health status of college students, which can be used as an evidence-based basis to improve health.

College students  /  Health literacy  /  Mobile phone dependence  /  Sub-health
彭轲, 韩奎斌, 王团伟. 健康素养和手机依赖的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4536 -4541 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407243
Ke PENG, Kui-bin HAN, Tuan-wei WANG. A study on the interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence and sub-health status of College Students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (24) : 4536 -4541 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407243
大学生作为国家未来发展的重要力量,其健康状况备受关注。据相关资料,大学生中亚健康状态已广泛存在[1-2]。亚健康是介于健康和疾病之间的非正常状态[3]。有研究发现,低健康素养和手机使用依赖是大学生亚健康发生的重要影响因素[4-5]。健康素养涵盖个人认知及社会方面的技能,它决定个体能否有动力和能力获取、理解和运用可以改善自身健康状况的信息,用这些方式,个体能促进和维护自身健康[6]。手机依赖,表现为个人对手机产生持续的强烈依赖、渴望,过度沉迷于利用手机进行各类行为,而导致个人身心健康及社会功能受损的严重后果[7]
目前,已有研究对于健康素养、手机依赖和亚健康多是局限于前两者对亚健康状况的单因素影响方面的探讨,且很少以在校大学生为对象开展研究,关于前两者之间的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联研究尚不充分。故本研究选取山东第二医科大学在校大学生展开调查,探索健康素养和手机依赖之间的交互作用与在校大学生亚健康状况的关联,为改善在校大学生亚健康状况提供循证依据。
样本量计算公式:
此公式中n代表样本量,p是预期现患率,e代表允许误差,通常采用e=0.1×p
通过相关文献了解到中国大学生亚健康检出率为51.2%[2],即p=51.2%,则样本量:
而鉴于整群抽样会引发较大抽样误差的可能性,另需考虑到样本流失及可能进行分层分析等,需增加约一半的样本数量[8],故样本量不低于549。
采用整群抽样方法进行问卷调查,以山东第二医科大学在校大学生为研究对象,共发放问卷600份,有效回收550份,有效应答率91.67%。调查前已详细告知调查目的和内容并获得调查对象的同意,由潍坊医学院医学伦理委员会进行本研究的医学伦理学审查工作(审查批准号:2022YX009)。
问卷内容主要包括基本情况、健康素养得分、手机依赖情况和亚健康状况。其中,基本情况主要包括性别、年龄、专业、年级、生源地、是否独生子女、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、自评家庭经济状况等。
健康素养:采用《中国青少年互动性健康素养问卷》调查在校大学生健康素养水平[9]。该问卷共31题,各题皆5个选项,赋值1~5分。各题得分相加即为健康素养总分,分数的高低代表健康素养水平的高低。对受试者问卷得分进行百分位划分,将其健康素养水平分为3个等级,分别为低(<P25)、中(P25P75)和高(>P75[10]
手机依赖:采用《青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷》调查在校大学生手机依赖情况[11]。问卷共13题,每题5个选项,赋值1~5分。13个题目得分相加求出总分。总分的P75为判断是否手机依赖的界定值,即总分低于28 者为无手机依赖,反之存在手机依赖[11]
亚健康状况:采用《亚健康量表》(SHSQ-25)对调查对象亚健康状况进行评定[12-13],量表共25题,各题皆5个评定等级,评定等级分为0 =从来没有,1=偶尔,2=有时,3=经常,4=几乎总是。其中,第二题采用反向计分。各题得分求和获得SHS分数。SHS分数低于35为健康状况理想,反之则处于亚健康状况[12-13]
正式调查之前先预调查,验证问卷的可理解性和有效性,及时找出缺陷并进行修正和改进。调查时,以质量优先为前提,尽量使性别比例及各年级比例均衡分配。完成调查之后录入数据,如有问卷胡乱填写、信息缺漏则将之剔除;数据分析阶段,对数据进行逻辑性和一致性检查,确保数据准确和完整。
用Excel 2019软件录入数据,SPSS 26.0软件进行数据描述和分析。用表示计量资料,相对数或绝对数表示计数资料。用χ2检验比较手机依赖和亚健康的检出率在不同社会人口学特征中的差异。把健康素养及手机依赖的乘积项纳入logistic回归模型,若P<0.05表明二者对亚健康存在相乘交互作用。将健康素养和手机依赖的交互项纳入logistic回归模型得出相关统计量,输入Andersson等[14]编制的Excel计算表得出相关数据,包括相对超危险度比(RERI)、归因比(AP)和交互作用指数(SI)的估计值及95% CI,若RERI、AP的95% CI不包含0,且SI 的95% CI不包含1,则认为存在相加交互作用。因该Excel计算表仅用于二分类变量的相加交互作用分析,而本研究中健康素养水平为三分类变量,故将其分为三个二分类变量进行分析,即分别对低/高健康素养、低/中健康素养、中/高健康素养与是/否手机依赖进行相加交互作用分析。检验水准α=0.05。
共550位调查对象,年龄18~25岁,平均21.2岁。其中男生267名(48.5%),女生283名(51.5%)。健康素养总分为107.7±16.6。
手机依赖总检出率为83.8%(461 / 550)。22~25岁年龄组、大五年级、父亲文化程度高中以下、母亲文化程度高中以下的在校大学生,手机依赖的检出率均高于对应组,且差异均有统计学意义。亚健康总检出率为66.7%(367/ 550)。女生、22~25岁年龄组、大五年级、独生子女、自评家庭经济状况较差的学生,亚健康的检出率高于对应组;预防医学专业在校大学生的亚健康检出率显著低于对应组,且差异均有统计学意义。见表1
将健康素养得分按照百分位数划分为低(<P25)、中(P25P75)和高(>P75)3 组。以是否亚健康(是=1,否=0)为因变量,健康素养水平(低=1,中=2,高=3)、是否手机依赖(是=1,否=0)为自变量,调整相关变量后建立多因素logistic回归模型。结果显示,与高健康素养水平相比,中、低健康素养水平与亚健康有正向关联,且随着健康素养水平的降低,关联强度增加。与无手机依赖相比,有手机依赖与亚健康存在正向关联。详见表2
以高健康素养且无手机依赖的在校大学生为参照组,将健康素养水平(低=1,中=2,高=3)、是否手机依赖(是=1,否=0)纳入乘积项建立logistic回归模型,调整相关变量后显示,无手机依赖条件下,健康素养对亚健康的影响不显著;有手机依赖条件下,随着健康素养水平降低,发生亚健康的风险逐渐增加。低健康素养且有手机依赖的在校大学生亚健康的发生风险最高,是高健康素养且无手机依赖的在校大学生的31.901倍。见表3
以高健康素养同时无手机依赖的在校大学生作为参照组,将健康素养水平(低=1,中=2,高=3)、是否手机依赖(是=1,否=0)纳入乘积项建立logistic回归模型,调整相关变量后显示,有手机依赖和中、低健康素养对亚健康具有正向相乘交互作用。见表4
将健康素养和手机依赖的交互项纳入logistic回归模型得出相关统计量,输入Andersson等编制的Excel计算表分别计算得出低/高健康素养、低/中健康素养、中/高健康素养与是/否手机依赖的RERI、AP以及SI的估计值、95% CI,结果分别为-8.723(-24.394~6.949)、-5.506(-19.245~8.233)、0.063(0.002~2.077);-11.338(-42.417~19.742)、-9.591(-50.169~30.987)、0.016(0.000~3831.972);-8.229(-41.781~25.323)、-6.141(-39.249~26.967)、0.040(0.000~295.032)。综上,健康素养和手机依赖之间对于亚健康没有相加交互作用。见表5
调查结果显示,83.8%的在校大学生检出手机依赖,该结果与一项研究相近[15],但高于其他研究结果[16-19];亚健康检出率为66.7%,与既往研究结果有所差异[2]。可能是测量工具、调查人群、界定标准等不同造成了这些差异。
本研究结果显示,健康素养低、有手机依赖的在校大学生亚健康发生风险均高于对应组,与已有研究相同[4,12]。低健康素养且有手机依赖条件下,亚健康检出率最高,发生风险最大,说明低健康素养和有手机依赖是发生亚健康的危害因素。在健康素养和亚健康相关性方面,有研究明确表示[20],健康素养水平、亚健康状况之间,存在着显著的负相关关系。在手机依赖和亚健康相关性方面,谭荃丹等的研究发现[5],手机依赖是亚健康的危险因素,两者存在正相关。根据Demirci及其团队的研究,大学生的抑郁、焦虑和睡眠质量与手机依赖之间存在正向相关关系[21]
此外,本研究交互作用分析结果显示,手机依赖和中、低健康素养对亚健康具有正向相乘交互作用,但尚未发现健康素养和手机依赖之间对亚健康存在相加交互作用。
本研究以山东第二医科大学在校大学生为调查对象,通过了解其健康素养水平、手机依赖和亚健康检出情况,探讨三者之间关联,为后续深入开展亚健康相关研究起到了参考作用,并为在校大学生亚健康的改善和预防提供了循证支持,有重要的现实意义,然本研究仍存有一些缺陷。首先,调查采用整群抽样方法,未消除产生选择性偏倚的可能性,结论外推因而受影响;其次,研究采用自我报告形式作为数据来源,且部分被调查者或许隐瞒实情,从而产生回忆偏倚和报告偏倚。最后,本研究类属横断面研究,此种研究并不能论证因果关系,仅可为改善亚健康的干预研究方面提供有关支持。故需开展更深入的纵向研究,以进一步验证健康素养和手机依赖与亚健康之间的关联。
总之,低健康素养和有手机依赖的同时存在大大增加了亚健康的发生风险,提高健康素养,同时注重合理使用手机,或可降低亚健康的发生风险。
  • 国家食品安全风险评估中心2022年度科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG07)
  • 2022年潍坊市科技发展计划项目(医学类)(2022YX040)
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2024年第51卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407243
  • 接收时间:2024-07-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-13
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国家食品安全风险评估中心2022年度科研联合攻关计划项目(LH2022GG07)
2022年潍坊市科技发展计划项目(医学类)(2022YX040)
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    山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,潍坊 261000

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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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