Article(id=1241034449920512488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730908800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815270166, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815270166, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815270166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815270166, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2058, endPage=2062, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034450306388481, articleId=1241034449920512488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the impact of high-quality development policies for public hospitals on the structure of medical expenses in public hospitals in Shanghai, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the impact of the implementation of high-quality development policies for public hospitals on the structure of medical expenses in public hospitals in Shanghai, providing a reference for controlling medical costs.

Methods

The structural change method was employed to analyze the changes in inpatient expense structures in various levels of public hospitals in a district of Shanghai from October 2019 to October 2023. A segmented time series analysis was conducted to examine the structural levels and trend changes in inpatient expenses before and after the policy implementation.

Results

Following the implementation of the high-quality development policies, the proportion of drug costs and medical service fees in secondary and tertiary hospitals showed a decreasing trend, while the proportion of health materials costs increased. Conversely, in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, the proportion of health materials costs and medical service fees decreased, while the proportion of drug costs increased. The inpatient expenses in tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals decreased by 37.8%, 3.4%, and 9.4%,respectively.

Conclusion

The implementation of high-quality development policies for public hospitals has reduced inpatient expenses across various levels of hospitals in Shanghai; however, it does not impact the long-term effects on inpatient costs. There is a need for long-term monitoring of expense structures, scientific and reasonable calculations of medical service project costs, and the establishment of a more rational fiscal compensation mechanism to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Juan XIE, Ping LI, Yu-ting ZHU, Zhen HE, Yu ZHANG, Ling-ling ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241034451241718344, articleId=1241034449920512488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=公立医院高质量发展政策对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响分析, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析公立医院高质量发展政策的实施对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响,为医药费用的控制提供参考依据。

方法

运用结构变动度法,对上海市某区各级公立医院2019年10月—2023年10月的住院费用结构变化进行分析,使用中断时间序列分析政策实施前后住院费用的结构水平和趋势变化。

结果

公立医院高质量发展政策实施后,二级医院和三级医院药品费和医疗服务费占比呈下降趋势,卫生材料费占比呈上升趋势;中医医院卫生材料费和医疗服务费占比呈下降趋势,药品费占比呈上升趋势。三级医院、二级医院、中医医院的住院费用分别下降了37.8%、3.4%、9.4%。

结论

公立医院高质量发展政策的实施降低了上海市各级医院的住院费用,但对于住院费用的远期效应无影响。应对费用结构进行长期监测,并科学合理测算医疗服务项目成本,建立更为合理的财政补偿机制,促进公立医院高质量发展。

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李萍,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9XZl1ziizYK31MnLg3AORQ==, magXml=9RrtiZ9yC7OURLlBJxa1nQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=llLc0rbL6hXi1l4dyd+wIw==, pdfFileSize=747008, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WBYYnrfsuTP+++1UQ9NgvQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dq7Ucwj7pWNifjy3j1Md0A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

谢娟(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理、卫生政策研究

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谢娟(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理、卫生政策研究

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Proportion of in-patient expenses of public hospitals at all levels in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023 (%)

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医院类型各项住院费用2020年2021年2022年2023年
三级医院药品费27.3827.0424.7223.94
卫生材料费29.4230.2630.7031.91
检查费7.257.157.537.89
化验费13.7713.9813.9314.55
医疗服务费21.5720.7622.0220.76
二级医院药品费30.2229.7325.4727.94
卫生材料费15.4317.6421.2522.37
检查费9.056.338.778.70
化验费13.6114.4314.1215.17
医疗服务费30.2930.1028.6824.49
中医医院药品费33.4038.0533.3039.81
卫生材料费12.6112.5913.4711.18
检查费6.837.797.688.14
化验费15.8015.9416.0816.12
医疗服务费31.3725.6429.4824.75
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2020—2023年上海市各级公立医院住院费用结构占比情况(%)

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医院类型各项住院费用2020年2021年2022年2023年
三级医院药品费27.3827.0424.7223.94
卫生材料费29.4230.2630.7031.91
检查费7.257.157.537.89
化验费13.7713.9813.9314.55
医疗服务费21.5720.7622.0220.76
二级医院药品费30.2229.7325.4727.94
卫生材料费15.4317.6421.2522.37
检查费9.056.338.778.70
化验费13.6114.4314.1215.17
医疗服务费30.2930.1028.6824.49
中医医院药品费33.4038.0533.3039.81
卫生材料费12.6112.5913.4711.18
检查费6.837.797.688.14
化验费15.8015.9416.0816.12
医疗服务费31.3725.6429.4824.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838433592220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Structural changes of each item in hospitalization costs before and after the implementation of high-quality development

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医院类型各项住院费
结构变动值
实施前a实施后b实施前后c
三级医院药品费-0.34-0.78-3.44
卫生材料费0.841.212.49
检查费-0.100.360.64
化验费0.210.620.78
医疗服务费-0.81-1.26-0.81
结构变动度2.104.238.16
二级医院药品费-0.492.47-2.28
卫生材料费2.211.126.94
检查费-2.72-0.07-0.35
化验费0.821.051.56
医疗服务费-0.19-4.19-5.80
结构变动度6.438.9016.93
中医医院药品费4.656.516.41
卫生材料费-0.02-2.29-1.43
检查费0.960.461.31
化验费0.140.040.32
医疗服务费-5.73-4.73-6.62
结构变动度11.5014.0316.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838555227046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高质量发展实施前后住院费用中各项目的结构变动值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医院类型各项住院费
结构变动值
实施前a实施后b实施前后c
三级医院药品费-0.34-0.78-3.44
卫生材料费0.841.212.49
检查费-0.100.360.64
化验费0.210.620.78
医疗服务费-0.81-1.26-0.81
结构变动度2.104.238.16
二级医院药品费-0.492.47-2.28
卫生材料费2.211.126.94
检查费-2.72-0.07-0.35
化验费0.821.051.56
医疗服务费-0.19-4.19-5.80
结构变动度6.438.9016.93
中医医院药品费4.656.516.41
卫生材料费-0.02-2.29-1.43
检查费0.960.461.31
化验费0.140.040.32
医疗服务费-5.73-4.73-6.62
结构变动度11.5014.0316.09
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838710416306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Contribution rate of structural change of each item in hospitalization expenses before and after the implementation of high-quality development (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医院类型各项住院费
结构变动贡献率
实施前a实施后b实施前后c
三级医院药品费16.1918.4442.16
卫生材料费40.0028.6130.51
检查费4.768.517.84
化验费10.0014.669.56
医疗服务费38.5729.799.93
二级医院药品费7.6227.7513.47
卫生材料费34.3712.5840.99
检查费42.300.792.07
化验费12.7511.809.21
医疗服务费2.9547.0834.26
中医医院药品费40.4346.4039.84
卫生材料费0.1716.328.89
检查费8.353.288.14
化验费1.220.291.99
医疗服务费49.8333.7141.14
), ArticleFig(id=1241050839205344189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高质量发展实施前后住院费用中各项目的结构变动贡献率(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
医院类型各项住院费
结构变动贡献率
实施前a实施后b实施前后c
三级医院药品费16.1918.4442.16
卫生材料费40.0028.6130.51
检查费4.768.517.84
化验费10.0014.669.56
医疗服务费38.5729.799.93
二级医院药品费7.6227.7513.47
卫生材料费34.3712.5840.99
检查费42.300.792.07
化验费12.7511.809.21
医疗服务费2.9547.0834.26
中医医院药品费40.4346.4039.84
卫生材料费0.1716.328.89
检查费8.353.288.14
化验费1.220.291.99
医疗服务费49.8333.7141.14
), ArticleFig(id=1241050839712854986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The effect of high-quality development policy of public hospitals on inpatient expenses of public hospitals at all levels in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数(95%CI
三级医院二级医院中医医院
实施前变化趋势( β1 )0.023*(0.004~0.041)0.008 (-0.012~0.029)0.062*** (0.028~0.097)
实施引起的水平变化( β2 )-0.378*(-0.701~ -0.055)-0.034* (-0.064~0.055)-0.094** (-0.154~0.033)
实施引起的趋势变化( β3 )-0.001(-0.023~0.022)-0.082 (-0.293~0.129)-0.020 (-0.062~0.022)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050840228754391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034449920512488, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

公立医院高质量发展政策对上海市各级公立医院住院费用影响ITS回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数(95%CI
三级医院二级医院中医医院
实施前变化趋势( β1 )0.023*(0.004~0.041)0.008 (-0.012~0.029)0.062*** (0.028~0.097)
实施引起的水平变化( β2 )-0.378*(-0.701~ -0.055)-0.034* (-0.064~0.055)-0.094** (-0.154~0.033)
实施引起的趋势变化( β3 )-0.001(-0.023~0.022)-0.082 (-0.293~0.129)-0.020 (-0.062~0.022)
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公立医院高质量发展政策对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响分析
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谢娟 1 , 李萍 1, 2 , 朱雨婷 3 , 贺桢 3 , 张煜 4 , 张玲玲 4
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(11): 2058-2062
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(11): 2058-2062
公立医院高质量发展政策对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响分析
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谢娟1, 李萍1, 2 , 朱雨婷3, 贺桢3, 张煜4, 张玲玲4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院 环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.上海市浦东新区光明中医医院,上海 201200
  • 3.同济大学
  • 4.上海市浦东新区公立医院管理事务中心
  • 谢娟(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理、卫生政策研究

通讯作者:

李萍,E-mail:
Analysis of the impact of high-quality development policies for public hospitals on the structure of medical expenses in public hospitals in Shanghai
Juan XIE1, Ping LI1, 2 , Yu-ting ZHU3, Zhen HE3, Yu ZHANG4, Ling-ling ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Health, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411079
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目的

分析公立医院高质量发展政策的实施对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响,为医药费用的控制提供参考依据。

方法

运用结构变动度法,对上海市某区各级公立医院2019年10月—2023年10月的住院费用结构变化进行分析,使用中断时间序列分析政策实施前后住院费用的结构水平和趋势变化。

结果

公立医院高质量发展政策实施后,二级医院和三级医院药品费和医疗服务费占比呈下降趋势,卫生材料费占比呈上升趋势;中医医院卫生材料费和医疗服务费占比呈下降趋势,药品费占比呈上升趋势。三级医院、二级医院、中医医院的住院费用分别下降了37.8%、3.4%、9.4%。

结论

公立医院高质量发展政策的实施降低了上海市各级医院的住院费用,但对于住院费用的远期效应无影响。应对费用结构进行长期监测,并科学合理测算医疗服务项目成本,建立更为合理的财政补偿机制,促进公立医院高质量发展。

公立医院高质量发展  /  医药费用  /  结构分析  /  中断时间序列
Objective

To analyze the impact of the implementation of high-quality development policies for public hospitals on the structure of medical expenses in public hospitals in Shanghai, providing a reference for controlling medical costs.

Methods

The structural change method was employed to analyze the changes in inpatient expense structures in various levels of public hospitals in a district of Shanghai from October 2019 to October 2023. A segmented time series analysis was conducted to examine the structural levels and trend changes in inpatient expenses before and after the policy implementation.

Results

Following the implementation of the high-quality development policies, the proportion of drug costs and medical service fees in secondary and tertiary hospitals showed a decreasing trend, while the proportion of health materials costs increased. Conversely, in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, the proportion of health materials costs and medical service fees decreased, while the proportion of drug costs increased. The inpatient expenses in tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals decreased by 37.8%, 3.4%, and 9.4%,respectively.

Conclusion

The implementation of high-quality development policies for public hospitals has reduced inpatient expenses across various levels of hospitals in Shanghai; however, it does not impact the long-term effects on inpatient costs. There is a need for long-term monitoring of expense structures, scientific and reasonable calculations of medical service project costs, and the establishment of a more rational fiscal compensation mechanism to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals.

High-quality development of public hospitals  /  Medical expenses  /  Structural analysis  /  Segmented time series
谢娟, 李萍, 朱雨婷, 贺桢, 张煜, 张玲玲. 公立医院高质量发展政策对上海市公立医院医药费用结构的影响分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2058 -2062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411079
Juan XIE, Ping LI, Yu-ting ZHU, Zhen HE, Yu ZHANG, Ling-ling ZHANG. Analysis of the impact of high-quality development policies for public hospitals on the structure of medical expenses in public hospitals in Shanghai[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2058 -2062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411079
2021年9月14日,国务院办公厅印发《公立医院高质量发展促进行动(2021—2025年)》[1],明确提出巩固“进一步改善医疗服务行动计划”积极成果,为实现公立医院高质量发展提供持续动力,充分发挥公立医院在保障和改善民生中的重要作用。2021年12月,上海市印发《关于推进上海市公立医院高质量发展的实施方案》[2],强调需构建分工明确、高效运行的管理体系,引导医院落实功能定位。医药费用结构是体现运营效率的重要指标,同时也是公立医院高质量发展评价指标中的重要内容,控制医药费用是减轻居民就医负担,坚持公益性的切实体现。我国通过药品集中采购、耗材零加成及医疗服务价格动态调整等政策,已初步实现医药费用增速的合理调控,但当前仍存在医疗服务收入占比偏低、费用结构失衡等挑战。
既往文献主要是研究药品零加成、耗材零加成、价格调整等政策的实施[3-5],对公立医院医药费用的影响。有研究对高质量发展背景下公立医院的医药费用结构进行了描述性分析[6],但并未分析高质量发展政策对医药费用结构的干预效果。根据《关于印发公立医院高质量发展评价指标(试行)的通知》[7],医药费用结构优化表现为药品费、卫生材料费、化验费、检查费物耗占比下降及医疗服务费占比提升。本研究通过收集上海市某区公立医院2019年10月—2023年10月的医药费用数据,运用结构变动度法和中断时间序列(interrupted time series,ITS),分析公立医院高质量发展实施前后公立医院费用结构的变化,评估政策落实的成效,为政策进一步优化提供科学参考与依据。
本研究数据来源于上海市某区10家公立医院,包括6家三级公立综合性医院,2家二级公立综合性医院和2家中医医院。2019年10月—2023年10月的运营管理系统,包括药品费、卫生材料费、检查费、化验费、医疗服务费、住院总费用。某区作为上海市高水平改革开放引领区,其公立医院高质量发展政策的落实工作完成良好,研究数据来源的10家医院是该区运营管理系统内所有的公立综合医院和中医医院,填报数据准确可靠,选取样本对政策实施有良好的代表性。
因公立医院高质量发展政策执行于2021年9月,将2021年10月设为干预前后的分割点,取政策实施前后的两年度进行差异性分析,调整前为2020年度(2019年10月—2020年9月)、2021年度(2020年10月—2021年9月),调整后为2022年度(2021年11月—2022年10月)、2023年(2022年11月—2023年10月)。
结构变动度法能够量化医药费用的变化趋势以及变动程度,有利于分析医药费用的总体特征和总结呈现其内部结构动态变化的趋势。结构变动值指各组成部分期末构成比与期初构成比之差[8];结构变动度表示各组成结构变动值的绝对值之和;结构贡献率是指费用某一组成的结构变动绝对值在结构变动度中的占比。
ITS分析是一种有效评估卫生政策因果效应的研究方法,可以分离出改革政策的短期影响及长期影响[9],适合评估公立医院高质量发展政策的实施效果。
拟合模型:Yt=β0+β1*timet+β2*level+β3*leveltimettYt为观察指标住院费用;timet是连续变量,以2021年10月作为政策实施的分割点,政策实施前为2019年10月—2021年9月,政策实施后为2021年11月—2023年10月,取值0~49;level代表干预政策,时间点t在干预实施前取值为0,干预实施后取值为1;leveltimet是连续变量,在政策实施开始处t’计算时间点t,政策实施前取值为0,政策实施后取值为(t-t'+1);εt代表误差项,同时引入季度哑变量以控制季节效应;β0表示指标的基线水平估计值,β1估计了指标在公立医院高质量发展实施前的变化趋势,β2表示政策实施后的瞬时水平化,β3表示政策实施后的趋势变化。
本研究使用Excel 2016对数据进行录入整理,进行结构变动度,结构变动值以及结构贡献率分析;使用R4.2.1进行ITS的相关分析,检验水准α=0.05。
2020—2023年三级医院药品费呈下降趋势,卫生材料费呈上升趋势,医疗服务费在2022年有小幅上升,总体呈下降趋势;二级医院药品费总体下降,但2023年回升至27.94%。卫生材料费占比持续上升,医疗服务费占比显著下降;中医医院药品费占比呈上升趋势,卫生材料费和医疗服务费占比呈下降趋势,但卫生材料费在2022波动上升,检查费和化验费小幅上升。中医医院相较于综合医院,卫生材料费和检查费低于综合医院,药品费和医疗服务费高于综合医院。见表1
政策实施前后,三级医院的药品费和卫生材料费前后结构变动较大,药品费在两个时期都呈负向变动,卫生材料费呈正向变动;二级医院卫生材料费实施前后变动最大,呈正向变动。医疗服务费一直呈负向变动,实施后的变动度大于实施前的变动度;中医医院药品费和医疗服务费结构变动较大,药品费一直呈正向变动,医疗服务费呈负向变动。见表2
三级医院的住院费用变动贡献率最高的是医疗服务费、药品费和卫生材料费,实施前的贡献率达85%,实施后的贡献率累积达77%。二级医院政策实施前住院费用变动贡献率最高的是卫生材料费、检查费和化验费,累积贡献率达90%;实施后结构变动贡献率最高的是药品费、卫生材料费和医疗服务费,累积贡献率达87%;中医医院的住院费用变动贡献率最高的是药品费和医疗服务费,政策实施前和实施后的贡献率分别为90%和80%。见表3
中断时间序列分析结果显示政策实施前,三级医院住院费用的趋势为每月增长2.3%(95%CI:0.4%~4.1%),中医医院住院费用的趋势为每月增长6.2%(95%CI:2.8%~9.7% )。政策实施后三级医院住院费用每月下降了37.8%(95%CI:-70.1%~-5.5% ),二级医院住院费用每月下降3.4%(95%CI:-6.4%~0.5% ),中医医院住院费用每月下降了9.4%(95%CI:-15.4%~-3.3% ),政策实施引起的变化差异均有统计学意义。政策实施对于各级医院住院费用的远期影响无统计学差异。见表4图1
ITS分析结果显示,公立医院高质量发展政策实施前,三级医院、二级医院和中医医院的住院费用都呈上升趋势,住院费用增长的主要因素包括临床上新技术的应用,新药物及高值医用耗材的使用等。政策实施后,各级医院的住院费用均呈下降趋势,其中二级医院和三级医院的药品费持续下降,将药品费控制在了30%以内。说明公立医院高质量发展政策的实施对医疗费用的控制具有积极的作用,使“以药补医”和“以药养医”的不合理现象有所缓解,一定程度上缓解了患者的就医压力,达到了公立医院高质量发展保障和改善民生的目的,避免了群众就医负担的增加。
ITS分析结果表明,公立医院高质量发展政策实施的长期效应不明显。二级和三级医院的药品费在政策实施后呈下降趋势,但卫生材料费、检查费和化验费的占比均呈上升趋势,医疗服务费占比在政策实施后调整前后均为负向变动。三级医院的医疗服务费在2021—2022年出现短暂的上升趋势,推测与突发公共卫生事件导致的医疗服务需求累积效应相关,但2022—2023年继续下降,说明医务人员的专业技术劳务价值尚未形成合理的补偿机制。医疗机构在逐步脱离依赖药耗收益的过程中,医疗服务价格长期偏离实际,导致现阶段医疗服务价格无法补偿医疗服务项目成本[3]。从医药结构整体发展趋向来看,需要建立公立医院费用结构的长期监测机制,对变动异常的费用及时进行分析以及动态调整。
研究结果表明,虽然二级医院和三级医院政策实施前后的药品费控制在30%以内,但卫生材料费和检查费呈上升趋势。三级医院的检查费用在政策实施后转为上升,提示政策实施对检查费用的控制效果不佳。原因包括新技术的应用,大型医疗设备购置成本增加以及部分医疗服务项目使用规范性不足[5]。药品与耗材零加成政策实施以来,虽然部分缓解了“以药养医、以耗养医”问题,但未充分考虑药品流通环节的隐性成本(包括运输、储存及管理成本)。在目标收入理论驱动下,若通过医疗服务项目价格平移转嫁此类成本,可能导致公立医院成本分摊压力持续累积[10]。因此政府集采策略应当从单一追求“低价”导向,逐步过渡至“优质且经济”的双重考量,在保障耗材质量可靠的同时,实现成本的有效控制,避免“一刀切”式的改革。
公立综合医院与中医医院的医药费用结构对比分析表明,中医医院的药品费明显高于二级医院和三级医院,但其卫生材料费明显低于综合医院。综合医院因开展的高技术难度医疗服务项目较多,高值耗材消耗量大,因此卫生材料费高于中医医院。近年来公众中医认知度提升导致中草药使用量增加,客观上推高中医医院药品费用。现行医疗服务项目定价体系主要基于有形消耗,中医诊疗项目因设备与耗材价值较低导致定价基准偏低,难以充分体现中医医疗服务的劳务价值。建议引入医疗项目的技术难度和风险程度系数,科学合理地测算医疗服务价格中的人力成本,逐步建立以增加技术性劳务医疗服务收费为主的经济补偿机制[11],达到优化医疗收入结构的目的,确保患者负担总体稳定、医保基金可承受、医疗机构健康发展可持续[4]
研究结果显示二级医院和三级医院药品费呈下降趋势,但材料费和检查费未出现同步下降。这说明财政补偿不到位,资产负债率的上升促使公立医院出现逐利行为,导致医生更倾向于使用高价的卫生材料[12]。有研究显示,部分医院在引进大型医疗设备后,将医疗设备引进成本的支出转嫁到患者服务费中[13]。公立医院高质量发展政策中明确要求强化公益性导向,政府有义务对公立医院承担的公共卫生任务和社会求助性医疗欠费进行专项补助。药品与耗材零加成政策的实施导致医疗机构面临显著收入缩减,由于当前医疗服务价格体系的僵化调控及财政补助的实际覆盖面与力度有限,其补偿效果并未达到预期。建议建立分级分类动态补偿机制,提高财政补助精准度与持续性,以确保医疗机构财务健康与公共医疗服务质量的稳步提升。
一是要强化诊疗行为规范性,加强临床路径的管理,完善重点科室及重点病种的临床诊疗标准和指南,在保证医疗行为安全与医疗质量的同时,提升医院的运营效率。二是要完善耗材监管机制,开展耗材质量安全不良事件上报工作。依托信息化手段建立医生用药、耗材监测系统。对异常使用耗材的医务人员及时进行约谈,避免出现不合理的收费现象。三是要规范中药饮片临床应用,建立中药饮片处方专项点评制度和不良反应监测系统,对不合理处方进行点评纠正,建立健全以基本药物为重点的临床用药综合评价体系[14]。四是推进管理模式精细化转型,构建基于DRG/DIP的绩效评价体系,将公立医院绩效考核结果与财政补偿系数联动,促进医疗质量与运营效率的协同提升。
  • 上海市中西医结合学会管理专业委员会医院管理研究项目(2023-YYGL17)
  • 上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科技项目(PW2023A-16)
  • 上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科技项目(PW2024A-20)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411079
  • 接收时间:2024-11-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07
基金
上海市中西医结合学会管理专业委员会医院管理研究项目(2023-YYGL17)
上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科技项目(PW2023A-16)
上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科技项目(PW2024A-20)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院 环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.上海市浦东新区光明中医医院,上海 201200
    3.同济大学
    4.上海市浦东新区公立医院管理事务中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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