Article(id=1241034448200856228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501173, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269756, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269756, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269756, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2040, endPage=2045, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034448616092367, articleId=1241034448200856228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Empirical study on DIP payment reform for rehabilitation inpatients based on interrupted time series analysis, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the implementation effects of the DIP payment reform on rehabilitation inpatients, providing empirical support for assessing the applicability of current medical insurance payment reform to rehabilitation inpatients.

Methods

An interrupted time series analysis was conducted using data from the discharge summaries of rehabilitation inpatients at a large tertiary public hospital in Chengdu from 2019 to 2023.

Results

A total of 2 143 rehabilitation inpatient cases were included in this study. After the reform, indicators reflecting the operational efficiency of the rehabilitation department showed a positive trend, with the average monthly inpatient visits steadily increasing (β = 0.395, P < 0.001). The average length of stay decreased but not significantly (β < 0, P > 0.05). The treatment costs, reflecting the technical labor value of rehabilitation physicians, significantly decreased (β = -45.251, P < 0.05), while drug costs increased (β = 2.36, P < 0.05). The changes in patient financial burden indicators were minimal, with out-of-pocket expenses showing a slight increase (β = 1.818, P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that the DIP payment reform has weak control over the length of stay for rehabilitation patients. After the reform, the out-of-pocket expenses for patients did not decrease, and their medical needs were not adequately met. Future efforts should focus on establishing a patient demand-oriented payment method for rehabilitation medical insurance.

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目的

研究DIP付费改革对康复住院患者的实施效果,为探讨现行医保支付方式改革是否适用于康复住院患者提供实证支持。

方法

利用成都市某大型三级甲等公立医院2019—2023年康复住院患者病案首页数据,进行间断时间序列分析。

结果

本研究共纳入康复住院患者2 143人次。改革后体现康复科运行效率的指标呈现出积极的发展趋势,月均住院人次稳定增加(β1+β3=0.395,P<0.001),月平均住院日下降但不显著(β1+β3<0,P>0.05);体现康复医师技术劳务价值的治疗费大幅下降(β1+β3=-45.251,P<0.05),药品费增加(β1+β3=2.36,P<0.05);患者就医负担指标变化不大,自付费用呈小幅度增加(β1+β3=1.818,P>0.05)。

结论

从研究结果来看,DIP付费改革对康复患者住院日的控制能力较弱,改革后患者自负费用并未降低,患者就医需求未能得到充分满足,未来需建立以患者需求为导向的康复医保支付方式。

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周晓媛,E-mail:
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王泺(1998—)女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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王泺(1998—)女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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王泺(1998—)女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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Research on the impact of DRG payment on inpatient medical services in specialized rehabilitation institutions[J]. China Health Insurance, 2023,(10): 48-52.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the impact of DRG payment on inpatient medical services in specialized rehabilitation institutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050845618426503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=10, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=王泺, 张彩林, 伍利香, journalName=中国医院管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王泺,张彩林,伍利香,等.DIP改革对骨质疏松症患者住院费用影响研究[J].中国医院管理202343(10):37-41., articleTitle=DIP改革对骨质疏松症患者住院费用影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050845807170189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=10, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wang L, Zhang CL, Wu LX, journalName=Chinese Hospital Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang L, Zhang CL, Wu LX, et al. A study of impact of DIP reform on hospitalization costs of patients with osteoporosis Chinese hospital management[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2023, 43(10): 37-41.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study of impact of DIP reform on hospitalization costs of patients with osteoporosis Chinese hospital management, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241050837217235346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, awardId=2020YFC2006500, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006500), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241050837561168283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, awardId=2020YFC2006503, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241050837720551840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, awardId=SQBX-2023-1105, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市DRG支付方式改革研究采购项目(SQBX-2023-1105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050827364815837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827373204447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, companyId=1241050827364815837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827381593058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, companyId=1241050827364815837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050827532588010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827540976620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, companyId=1241050827532588010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都市第二人民医院康复科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050833870180634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Trend chart of evaluation indicators for the implementation effect of rehabilitation department before and after DIP payment reform, figureFileSmall=NxpxaIgulIBrCrpwxXf1dA==, figureFileBig=rq3xW4B3pyp6QT9vxaTkJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050833996009767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=图1, caption=康复科DIP付费改革前后实施效果评价指标的变化趋势图, figureFileSmall=NxpxaIgulIBrCrpwxXf1dA==, figureFileBig=rq3xW4B3pyp6QT9vxaTkJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050834188947766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Patient composition, length of stay, and average hospitalization cost for inpatients undergoing rehabilitation, categorized by disease type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病类别
例数住院天数
(d)
次均住院费用
(元)
肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病92113.8311 177.58
神经系统疾病70422.8020 241.04
循环系统疾病16821.7725 364.55
损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果9715.4615 072.30
呼吸系统疾病7219.7529 747.63
其他疾病18119.5018 582.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241050834461577537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

康复住院患者在不同疾病类别下患者构成、住院天数及次均住院费用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病类别
例数住院天数
(d)
次均住院费用
(元)
肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病92113.8311 177.58
神经系统疾病70422.8020 241.04
循环系统疾病16821.7725 364.55
损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果9715.4615 072.30
呼吸系统疾病7219.7529 747.63
其他疾病18119.5018 582.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241050834625155398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of evaluation indicators for the implementation effect of rehabilitation inpatients before and after the reform[MP25P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标按项目付费按DIP付费变化率(%)Z/χ2P
月均出院人次(人次)31.50(25.75, 37.75)36.50(29.00,44.25)18.00-28.463<0.001
月平均住院日(d)17.5(13.00,25.00)16.00(10.00,24.00)-9.43-3.365<0.001
次均住院费用(元)13 660.77(9 133.95, 20 516.59)12 252.21(7 707.19, 20 604.24)-10.22-3.424<0.001
综合医疗服务费(元)1 009(708.42, 1 652.60)1 028.05(633.77, 1 871.94)2.32-0.055<0.05
诊断费(元)3 271.64(2 116.31, 4 685.22)2 828.91(1 761.88, 4 289.14)-7.46-4.064<0.001
治疗费(元)7 042.25(4 001.32, 12 208.44)6 475.24(3 374.59, 12 685.51)-3.97-2.155<0.05
药品费(元)827.54(184.99, 1 857.16)633.68(184.75, 1 501.74)-25.46-2.456<0.05
耗材费(元)36.64(11.50, 102.40)60.31(23.59, 138.92)-27.42-5.858<0.001
自付费用(元)2 457.02(1 752.10, 5 032.76)2 896.90(1 791.10, 6 024.42)2.29-2.021<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241050835333992786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

康复住院患者改革前后实施效果评价指标的对比情况[MP25P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标按项目付费按DIP付费变化率(%)Z/χ2P
月均出院人次(人次)31.50(25.75, 37.75)36.50(29.00,44.25)18.00-28.463<0.001
月平均住院日(d)17.5(13.00,25.00)16.00(10.00,24.00)-9.43-3.365<0.001
次均住院费用(元)13 660.77(9 133.95, 20 516.59)12 252.21(7 707.19, 20 604.24)-10.22-3.424<0.001
综合医疗服务费(元)1 009(708.42, 1 652.60)1 028.05(633.77, 1 871.94)2.32-0.055<0.05
诊断费(元)3 271.64(2 116.31, 4 685.22)2 828.91(1 761.88, 4 289.14)-7.46-4.064<0.001
治疗费(元)7 042.25(4 001.32, 12 208.44)6 475.24(3 374.59, 12 685.51)-3.97-2.155<0.05
药品费(元)827.54(184.99, 1 857.16)633.68(184.75, 1 501.74)-25.46-2.456<0.05
耗材费(元)36.64(11.50, 102.40)60.31(23.59, 138.92)-27.42-5.858<0.001
自付费用(元)2 457.02(1 752.10, 5 032.76)2 896.90(1 791.10, 6 024.42)2.29-2.021<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241050835904418138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of the interrupted time series model for rehabilitation department operational efficiency indicators before and after the implementation of DIP payment reform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
月均出院人次(人次)41.181(7.090)***-1.106(-1.680)8.032(1.050)1.502(2.230)*0.395 (3.400)***
月平均住院日(d)21.821(13.400)***-0.554(-2.600)*6.666(2.410) *0.497(2.320) *-0.039 5(-1.530)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050836072190307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DIP支付改革前后康复科运营效率指标的间断时间序列模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
月均出院人次(人次)41.181(7.090)***-1.106(-1.680)8.032(1.050)1.502(2.230)*0.395 (3.400)***
月平均住院日(d)21.821(13.400)***-0.554(-2.600)*6.666(2.410) *0.497(2.320) *-0.039 5(-1.530)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050836177047917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of the interrupted time series model for medical cost indicators of rehabilitation inpatients before and after the implementation of DIP payment reform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
次均住院费用(元)17 572.3-511.5995 953.309458.837-52.762
(11.640)***(-2.990) **(2.820)(2.650) **(-1.360)
综合医疗服务费(元)1 212.293-26.094307.58428.6182.524
(12.450)***(-2.160)*(1.890)(2.270)*(0.650)
诊断费(元)3 731.755-57.849-154.85473.60915.760
(26.290)***(-3.020) **(-0.540)(3.430) ***(1.870)
治疗费(元)7 773.294-84.0471 337.4438.796-45.251
(11.220)***(-1.090)(1.290)(0.490)(-2.110) *
药品费(元)1 064.539-33.32072.06939.6486.328
(6.090)***(-2.330) *(0.630)(2.710) **(2.360)*
耗材费(元)38.1990.9073.219-0.920-0.013
(8.960)***(2.030)*(0.470)(-1.890)*(-0.070)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050836298682741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

DIP支付改革前后康复住院患者医疗费用指标的间断时间序列模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
次均住院费用(元)17 572.3-511.5995 953.309458.837-52.762
(11.640)***(-2.990) **(2.820)(2.650) **(-1.360)
综合医疗服务费(元)1 212.293-26.094307.58428.6182.524
(12.450)***(-2.160)*(1.890)(2.270)*(0.650)
诊断费(元)3 731.755-57.849-154.85473.60915.760
(26.290)***(-3.020) **(-0.540)(3.430) ***(1.870)
治疗费(元)7 773.294-84.0471 337.4438.796-45.251
(11.220)***(-1.090)(1.290)(0.490)(-2.110) *
药品费(元)1 064.539-33.32072.06939.6486.328
(6.090)***(-2.330) *(0.630)(2.710) **(2.360)*
耗材费(元)38.1990.9073.219-0.920-0.013
(8.960)***(2.030)*(0.470)(-1.890)*(-0.070)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050836529369468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Parameters of the interrupted time series model for healthcare burden indicators of rehabilitation inpatients before and after the implementation of DIP payment reform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
自付费用(元)3 003.928(5.130)***-33.454(-0.660)779.944(1.610)35.272(0.680)1.818(0.150)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050836705530245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034448200856228, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

DIP支付改革前后康复住院患者就医负担指标的间断时间序列模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标β0β1β2β3β1+β3
自付费用(元)3 003.928(5.130)***-33.454(-0.660)779.944(1.610)35.272(0.680)1.818(0.150)
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基于间断时间序列分析的康复患者DIP付费实证研究
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王泺 1 , 罗伦 2 , 李树蕾 1 , 刘毅 1 , 周晓媛 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(11): 2040-2045
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(11): 2040-2045
基于间断时间序列分析的康复患者DIP付费实证研究
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王泺1, 罗伦2, 李树蕾1, 刘毅1, 周晓媛1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.成都市第二人民医院康复科
  • 王泺(1998—)女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

通讯作者:

周晓媛,E-mail:
Empirical study on DIP payment reform for rehabilitation inpatients based on interrupted time series analysis
Luo WANG1, Lun LUO2, Shu-lei LI1, Yi LIU1, Xiao-yuan ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501173
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目的

研究DIP付费改革对康复住院患者的实施效果,为探讨现行医保支付方式改革是否适用于康复住院患者提供实证支持。

方法

利用成都市某大型三级甲等公立医院2019—2023年康复住院患者病案首页数据,进行间断时间序列分析。

结果

本研究共纳入康复住院患者2 143人次。改革后体现康复科运行效率的指标呈现出积极的发展趋势,月均住院人次稳定增加(β1+β3=0.395,P<0.001),月平均住院日下降但不显著(β1+β3<0,P>0.05);体现康复医师技术劳务价值的治疗费大幅下降(β1+β3=-45.251,P<0.05),药品费增加(β1+β3=2.36,P<0.05);患者就医负担指标变化不大,自付费用呈小幅度增加(β1+β3=1.818,P>0.05)。

结论

从研究结果来看,DIP付费改革对康复患者住院日的控制能力较弱,改革后患者自负费用并未降低,患者就医需求未能得到充分满足,未来需建立以患者需求为导向的康复医保支付方式。

按病种分值付费  /  康复  /  医疗费用  /  间断时间序列分析
Objective

To investigate the implementation effects of the DIP payment reform on rehabilitation inpatients, providing empirical support for assessing the applicability of current medical insurance payment reform to rehabilitation inpatients.

Methods

An interrupted time series analysis was conducted using data from the discharge summaries of rehabilitation inpatients at a large tertiary public hospital in Chengdu from 2019 to 2023.

Results

A total of 2 143 rehabilitation inpatient cases were included in this study. After the reform, indicators reflecting the operational efficiency of the rehabilitation department showed a positive trend, with the average monthly inpatient visits steadily increasing (β = 0.395, P < 0.001). The average length of stay decreased but not significantly (β < 0, P > 0.05). The treatment costs, reflecting the technical labor value of rehabilitation physicians, significantly decreased (β = -45.251, P < 0.05), while drug costs increased (β = 2.36, P < 0.05). The changes in patient financial burden indicators were minimal, with out-of-pocket expenses showing a slight increase (β = 1.818, P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that the DIP payment reform has weak control over the length of stay for rehabilitation patients. After the reform, the out-of-pocket expenses for patients did not decrease, and their medical needs were not adequately met. Future efforts should focus on establishing a patient demand-oriented payment method for rehabilitation medical insurance.

Diagnosis-related group payment  /  Rehabilitation  /  Medical expenses  /  Interrupted time series analysis
王泺, 罗伦, 李树蕾, 刘毅, 周晓媛. 基于间断时间序列分析的康复患者DIP付费实证研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2040 -2045 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501173
Luo WANG, Lun LUO, Shu-lei LI, Yi LIU, Xiao-yuan ZHOU. Empirical study on DIP payment reform for rehabilitation inpatients based on interrupted time series analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2040 -2045 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501173
随着我国即将迈入人口加速老龄化阶段,老龄化进程的加剧伴随疾病谱的变化与失能老人数量的增加,康复需求及慢性病医疗护理需求急剧上升,给患者和社会带来了沉重的经济负担[1-3]。有关数据显示,到2023年我国慢性病患病率将高达65.7%,其中有80%的患者需进行康复治疗[4],进一步凸显了探索适宜康复医疗的支付方式的迫切性与重要性。为减轻康复患者就医负担,国家出台了一系列针对性政策,如将部分康复服务项目纳入医保支付[5-6]等,但其覆盖力度仍然不够,当前针对康复护理服务的医保支付方式存在明显不足[7],仍有待进一步优化与拓展。
按病种分值付费(diagnosis-intervention packet payment,DIP)是在总额预算和点数法基础上建立的独具中国特色的付费方式,成都市于2020年7月对参加成都市基本医疗保险的住院患者启动该付费方式。值得注意的是我国医疗保险支付方式改革主要针对的是急性病种,而康复住院患者中大部分为超长住院日患者。相关研究也指出,我国现行医保支付方式(主要指DRG支付)尚未满足康复住院患者的康复服务需求[8],也并未优化医院在康复病种方面的服务效率[9]。本研究在成都市推行DIP支付的大背景下,对康复住院患者改革前后的医疗费用进行间断时间序列分析,借助实证研究,评价医保支付方式改革(本文特指DIP支付)对康复住院患者的改革成效,进一步探讨现行医保支付方式改革是否适用于康复住院患者。
本研究所采用的数据资料来自成都市某大型综合三甲医院HIS病案系统2019年1月1日—2023年12月31日的康复住院患者就诊数据,以DIP支付启动时间为中断点,设定改革前(2019年1月—2020年6月,按项目付费)与改革后(2020年7月—2023年12月,DIP付费)。
基于前期专家咨询及文献研究,本文选取了医保支付方式下较为常见的效果评价指标,从三个维度九个指标对改革成效进行研究。医院运营效率指标包括月均出院人次、月平均住院日;月均住院人次体现服务能力和运营水平,平均住院日是床位周转和资源利用效率的重要指标;医疗费用控制指标包括住院总费用、综合医疗服务费、诊断费、治疗费、药品费、耗材费;就医负担指标包括自付费用,指住院费用经医保基金统筹报销之后个人负担的部分,体现患者就医负担。
为保障纳入研究患者样本信息的完整性与精确性,提高研究结果的可靠性,在对数据进行分析之前先对数据进行预处理。
2019年1月1日—2023年12月31日,样本医院的医保康复住院患者。
(1)数据具有明显错误或住院信息不完整的病例;(2)总费用小于1%分位数(P1)和大于99%分位数(P99)的病例;(3)临床诊断与疾病编码明显不符合逻辑的病例;(4)住院天数小于1 d以及超过60 d的病例,(1≤days≤60)。
经过排除标准对数据进行筛选后,最终纳入康复科的医保住院患者共计2 143人次。
同时为了使数据具有可比性,参考了成都市统计局网站公布的医疗保健类居民消费价格指数(consumer price index,CPI),以2023年为基期进行费用调整。
ITSA是某项政策或干预措施实施前后,用政策前后多个时间点测量出的结果指标所组成的时间序列数据进行线性拟合回归,检验干预前后结果指标的水平变化量和趋势改变量,由Box和Tiao[10]在1975年首次提出。该模型是一种常见的评价政策实施效果的准实验研究,目前也常用于医疗卫生政策等领域的国内外相关研究[11-13]
由于住院费用和住院天数呈现偏态分布,故纳入各月数据的中位数进行分析,DIP付费改革前有18个月的数据,改革后有42个月的数据。本研究为自身前后对照,未设控制组,故采用单组间断时间序列模型对比分析支付措施改革前后评价指标的趋势变化和水平变化,单组ITSA回归方程如下:
其中,因变量Yt是评价指标在月度t时的值;常数项β0也是截距项,即评价指标起始阶段Y的值,代表基线水平;β1是支付措施干预前的回归方程斜率,即因变量Yt随时间变化的趋势;β2是支付措施干预时,评价指标的瞬时水平变化量,即干预措施对指标水平的即时影响;β3是干预前后斜率的差值,即干预措施实施前后因变量Yt的变化情况;εt是误差项,表示模型无法解释的随机误差。研究中需要重点关注β2β3以及β1+β3分别表示干预带来的瞬时效果、干预后政策的短期效果以及随着时间变化而造成的长期影响。
同时,在使用时间序列相关数据进行分析时,为保证分析结果的可靠性,需要对数据进行自相关性的检验,本研究采取Durbin-Watson检验。研究对具有自相关的指标采用Newey-West标准误来惩罚由自相关所造成的偏低的系数标准误。
对医保支付方式改革前后的实施效果评价指标进行单因素分析,由于指标多呈偏态分布,故采用非参数检验进行单因素分析。计量资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05,双侧检验。
研究中所有数据都在Excel中建立数据库,单因素分析在SPSS 27.0中完成,单组间断时间序列分析在Stata 18.0中完成。
研究共纳入康复科医保住院患者2 143例,DIP付费改革前572例,改革后1 571例。康复住院患者中肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病及神经系统疾病占全部患者的75%左右;神经系统疾病及循环系统疾病患者的平均住院天数均超过20 d;住院天数越多患者次均住院费用也越高,如神经、循环和呼吸系统疾病。见表1
DIP付费改革后康复住院患者出院人次增加、月平均住院日下降、次均住院费用下降、诊断费、治疗费、药品费、耗材费都有不同程度的下降,仅综合医疗服务费和自付费用呈上升趋势,但前后变化不大,差异都具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2
结果可见康复科月均住院人次在改革后处于稳定增加的趋势且变化具有统计学意义(β3=1.502,P<0.05,β1+β3=0.395,P<0.001)。月平均住院日在改革前呈降低趋势(β1=-0.554,P<0.05),改革开始初期和改革后都处于增加趋势(β2β3>0,P<0.05)。见表3
康复科医保住院患者的次均住院费用在改革开始时呈现显著下降趋势(β1=-511.599,P<0.01),改革后呈上升趋势(β3=458.837,P<0.01),整体上次均住院费用处于下降状况,但差异没有统计学意义(β1+β3=-52.762,P>0.05)。综合医疗服务费也是先降低后增加(P<0.05),但改革后保持稳定增长趋势,变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。诊断费改革前降低(P<0.05),改革后保持增长趋势(P<0.001),并在改革后长期一直处于上升趋势,但变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗费大幅度降低(β1+β3=-45.251,P<0.05),尽管改革初期和改革后治疗费处于增加的状态,但总体来看改革后治疗费呈下降状态,且下降幅度较大。药品费呈现先降低(P<0.05),后增加(P<0.01)的趋势,并在改革后一直保持增加的趋势(P<0.05)。耗材费在改革前呈现增加趋势(P<0.05),但增加幅度不大,改革后处于降低趋势(P<0.05),并处于持续降低趋势(P>0.05),不过趋势变化不大。见表4
从康复科就医负担来看,患者的自付费用在改革后没有减低,但差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),改革后自付费用变化的幅度与改革前相比并不大。但康复住院患者的自付费用相对稳定,偶有较高自付费用产生。见表5图1
在DIP支付方式改革实施后,康复科的运行效率指标呈现出积极的发展趋势。具体而言,出院人次逐年增加(β1+β3>0,P<0.05)、平均住院日逐年降低(β1+β3=-0.040,P<0.05),这与叶娟[14]、林敏[15]等人研究结果一致。在一定程度上说明DIP付费改革促进了康复科的服务效率提升,优化了医疗资源的配置与利用。尽管康复患者住院天数有所降低,但其降低幅度相对较小,且间断时间序列分析趋势图显示,康复患者住院天数波动程度较大,说明医保改革对控制康复病例住院日的能力较弱,吴妮[9]等也得出同样结论。究其原因可能是康复患者疾病谱广、治疗复杂、病程较长,多数为超长住院日患者,而DIP主要适用于急性病程患者,对康复医疗的准确性和适用性尚存在局限性。相关研究[16]也指出,康复患者由于其自身特性,同一病组间资源消耗差异大,住院天数受个体特征影响程度高,故而,DIP是否适用于康复患者仍有待斟酌。
孙芊嘉[17]等、蒋加诚[18]等通过结构变动分析得出医保支付方式改革有助于住院费用控制与费用结构优化,这与本文研究结果一致。在费用指标上,康复住院患者的诊断费和综合医疗服务费呈现上升趋势,次均住院费用及其他费用则有所下降。从医院管理的角度来看,DIP政策实施后,康复科的费用控制能力得到了显著提升,费用结构发生了一定变化。但从患者角度来看,康复住院患者的自付费用并未出现明显未下降。这一结果意味着,尽管DIP支付改革对费用控制的效果较好,但患者的经济负担并未得到实质性减轻。相关研究结果也显示,医保支付方式改革后,存在部分医院可能通过牺牲康复患者的治疗质量来达到康复病组费用结余的情况,从而未能充分满足康复患者的就医需求[19-20]。虽然DIP政策在一定程度上提升了康复科的费用控制能力,但在满足康复患者治疗需求方面仍存在不足。特别是对于康复这类超长住院日的病例来说,DIP支付改革的适用性还需进一步探索和完善。
ITSA分析结果显示,DIP付费改革后,代表医师技术劳务价值的治疗费显著降低,且治疗费降低幅度显著高于综合医疗服务费增加幅度。这一发现表明,尽管DIP政策旨在通过调整付费机制来优化医疗资源配置,提高医疗服务效率,但在实际操作中,康复医师的技术劳务价值并未得到应有的提升。当前DIP付费政策下,治疗费的大幅降低无疑对康复治疗师的积极性和职业认同感造成了负面影响,进而可能影响到整个康复治疗服务的质量和效率。此外,ITSA分析结果还显示,DIP付费改革后,诊断费和药品费并未出现预期的下降趋势。这一结果从侧面反映了当前医院在费用控制方面仍存在诸多问题,尤其是“以技养医”和“以药养医”的逐利机制尚未得到根本破除[21]
康复医保支付方式改革是医疗卫生体制改革的关键环节,其成功与否不仅影响医疗卫生资源的合理配置,更直接关系到康复医疗服务的可持续发展及患者福祉的提升。未来的改革应紧密围绕患者需求这一核心,以“价值”为导向,积极探索适合康复医疗特点的支付方式新模式。具体而言,需建立患者需求导向下的医保支付方式,注重患者的个体差异和康复需求,结合我国康复医疗服务的实际情况,摸索出适合我国国情的支付模式。同时,在康复医保支付中体现患者“价值”,借鉴价值医疗理念,推动医保支付与康复服务的协同发展,建立科学的康复效果评估体系,激励医疗机构提供高质量、高效率的康复服务,确保患者需求得到充分满足,并引导医疗机构构建以康复医师技术劳务价值为核心的费用结构体系,逐步破除逐利机制,加强对康复医疗机构的监管,避免资源浪费。
  • 科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006500)
  • 科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006503)
  • 成都市DRG支付方式改革研究采购项目(SQBX-2023-1105)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501173
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006500)
科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006503)
成都市DRG支付方式改革研究采购项目(SQBX-2023-1105)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院卫生政策与管理学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.成都市第二人民医院康复科

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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