Article(id=1241034447819174524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502351, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269665, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269665, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269665, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269665, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2080, endPage=2089, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034448230216361, articleId=1241034447819174524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Establishment of evaluation methods for antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of mycobacterium tuberculosis, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Based on the known interaction between OPC-167832 and the DprE1 protein, this study aims to establish an evaluation method for the antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods

First, the DprE1 protein was expressed using the pET28a-Rv3790 vector, and the molecular chaperone CPN60.2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed using the pGro7-Rv0440 vector. Both vectors were co-transformed into E. coli BL21 for DprE1 protein expression. The target protein was purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and identified using LC-MS mass spectrometry. Secondly, the direct interaction between the DprE1-targeting inhibitor and DprE1 was assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Finally, computational simulation techniques were employed to dock OPC-167832 with the DprE1 protein.

Results

The pET28a-Rv3790 and pGro7-Rv0440 expression vectors were successfully constructed, leading to the expression and purification of soluble DprE1 protein. ITC results indicated a significant heat change upon the binding of DprE1 to OPC-167832. Molecular docking results revealed that the hydrogen bond binding site of OPC-167832 with DprE1 was primarily located at Pro316, while the binding sites for the fluorinated hydrogen bond were His132 and Asn364.

Conclusion

The soluble DprE1 protein was successfully expressed, and its interaction with OPC-167832 resulted in a measurable heat change. This confirms the successful establishment of an evaluation method for the antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study provides an experimental basis and methodological support for the activity evaluation of DprE1-targeting inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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目的

根据OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的已知相互作用,建立靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法。

方法

首先,通过pET28a-Rv3790表达DprE1蛋白、pGro7-Rv0440表达结核分枝杆菌分子伴侣CPN60.2,将两种载体共转化至E.coli BL21中表达DprE1蛋白。经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化目的蛋白并使用LC-MS质谱对目的蛋白进行鉴定。其次,通过ITC等温滴定法,检测靶向DprE1的抑制剂与DprE1的直接相互作用。最后,利用计算机模拟技术对OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的进行相互作用对接。

结果

成功构建pET28a-Rv3790表达载体、pGro7-Rv0440表达载体,并表达纯化出可溶性目的蛋白DprE1。ITC实验结果表明,DprE1与OPC-167832结合时产生显著的热量变化。计算机分子对接结果显示,OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的碳氢键结合位点主要位于Pro316,氟化物氢键结合的位点则为His132、Asn364。

结论

可溶性蛋白DprE1成功表达,表达的蛋白与OPC-167832相互作用产生热量变化。基于此,可证实靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法成功建立。本研究为以DprE1为靶点的结核分枝杆菌抑制剂活性评价提供了实验基础和方法学支持。

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王国庆,E-mail:
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张晓蕊(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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张晓蕊(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Characterization of DprE1-Mediated benzothiazinone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2016, 60(11): 6451-6459., articleTitle=Characterization of DprE1-Mediated benzothiazinone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050851343651517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=705, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Neres J, Hartkoorn RC, Chiarelli LR, journalName=ACS Chemical Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Neres J, Hartkoorn RC, Chiarelli LR, et al. 2-Carboxyquinoxalines kill mycobacterium tuberculosis through noncovalent inhibition of DprE1[J]. ACS Chemical Biology, 2015, 10(3): 705-714., articleTitle=2-Carboxyquinoxalines kill mycobacterium tuberculosis through noncovalent inhibition of DprE1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050851595309758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=23, issue=24, pageStart=7694, pageEnd=7710, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Landge S, Mullick AB, Nagalapur K, journalName=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Landge S, Mullick AB, Nagalapur K,et al.Discovery of benzothiazoles as antimycobacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and binding studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-oxidase[J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 23(24): 7694-7710., articleTitle=Discovery of benzothiazoles as antimycobacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and binding studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-oxidase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050852186706623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Dash S, Rathi E, Kumar A, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dash S, Rathi E, Kumar A, et al. Identification of DprE1 inhibitors for tuberculosis through integrated in-silico approaches[J]. Scientific Reports,2024, 14(1): 11315., articleTitle=Identification of DprE1 inhibitors for tuberculosis through integrated in-silico approaches, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050852534833856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Mali SN, Pandey A, Bhandare RR, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mali SN, Pandey A, Bhandare RR, et al. Identification of hydantoin based Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-Ribose Oxidase (DprE1) inhibitors as antimycobacterial agents using computational tools[J]. Scientific Reports,2022, 12(1): 16368., articleTitle=Identification of hydantoin based Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-Ribose Oxidase (DprE1) inhibitors as antimycobacterial agents using computational tools, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050852614525633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=6, issue=3, pageStart=372, pageEnd=383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Makarov V, Lechartier B, Zhang M, journalName=EMBO Molecular Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Makarov V, Lechartier B, Zhang M, et al. Towards a new combination therapy for tuberculosis with next Generation benzothiazinones[J]. 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Development of an ON/OFF switchable fluorescent probe targeting His tag fused proteins in living cells[J].Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017, 27(15): 3417-3422., articleTitle=Development of an ON/OFF switchable fluorescent probe targeting His tag fused proteins in living cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050853122036420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=14, issue=4, pageStart=216, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Gong Z, Hu GP, Li Q, journalName=Current Drug Discovery Technologies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong Z, Hu GP, Li Q, et al. Compound libraries: recent advances and their applications in drug discovery[J]. Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 2017, 14(4): 216-228., articleTitle=Compound libraries: recent advances and their applications in drug discovery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050853285614277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=3243, pageEnd=3259, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=38, authorNames=John L, Nagamani S, Mahanta HJ, journalName=Molecular Diversity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=John L, Nagamani S, Mahanta HJ, et al.Molecular property diagnostic suite compound library (MPDS-CL): a structure-based classification of the chemical space[J]. Molecular Diversity, 2024, 28(5): 3243-3259., articleTitle=Molecular property diagnostic suite compound library (MPDS-CL): a structure-based classification of the chemical space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050853415637702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=10, pageStart=2406, pageEnd=2413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Van vlijmen H, Ortholand JY, Li VMJ, journalName=Drug Discovery Today, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van vlijmen H, Ortholand JY, Li VMJ, et al. The European Lead factory: an updated HTS compound library for innovative drug discovery[J]. Drug Discovery Today, 2021, 26(10): 2406-2413., articleTitle=The European Lead factory: an updated HTS compound library for innovative drug discovery, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241050845618426501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, awardId=2025ZNSFSC0770, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2025ZNSFSC0770), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241050845731672713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, awardId=2024-YF05-00039-SN, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市科技局重点研发项目(2024-YF05-00039-SN), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050832519614694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050832528003306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, companyId=1241050832519614694, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050832536391914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, companyId=1241050832519614694, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050832825798898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050832834187508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, companyId=1241050832825798898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050833010348283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833014542588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, companyId=1241050833010348283, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学华西医院人类疾病与免疫治疗实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050833274589442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833282978051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, companyId=1241050833274589442, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.口腔疾病研究全国重点实验室,四川大学华西口腔医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050841679974950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Construction of plasmid pET28a-Rv3790, figureFileSmall=eQSvA+bxBbcZTni9362z2w==, figureFileBig=gnhEOTA9oOFQLebkDUFNXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050841906467373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图1, caption=质粒pET28a-Rv3790的构建

注:图A为Rv3790基因与质粒pET28a的连接方式;图B为目的基因Rv3790的获取;图C为质粒pET28a的酶切线性化;图D为pET28a-Rv3790转入DH5α;图E为菌落PCR验证,1~10为挑取的单菌落;图F为pET28a-Rv3790表达载体与Rv3790标准序列测序比对结果。

, figureFileSmall=eQSvA+bxBbcZTni9362z2w==, figureFileBig=gnhEOTA9oOFQLebkDUFNXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842111988276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Construction of plasmid pGro7-Rv0440, figureFileSmall=h4xiXLP8tzWWs18BPzOqOA==, figureFileBig=9XWdEQ36d/Wg7S4p8rAy8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842208457275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=质粒pGro7-Rv0440的构建

注:图A为Rv0440基因与质粒pGro7的连接方式;图B为目的基因Rv0440获取;图C为质粒pGro7线性化;图D为菌PCR验证;图E为pGro7-Rv0440转入DH5α;图F为pGro7-Rv0440表达载体与Rv0440标准序列测序比对。

, figureFileSmall=h4xiXLP8tzWWs18BPzOqOA==, figureFileBig=9XWdEQ36d/Wg7S4p8rAy8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842346869310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Expression of DprE1 in E. coli BL21 strain harboring pET28a-Rv3790 and pGro7-Rv0440, figureFileSmall=b91ZMf4VBQ+pk+vMFTmGCg==, figureFileBig=Mclvx+YZebVYkt0WBnPXqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842539807297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=目的蛋白DprE1在含pET28a-Rv3790和pGro7-Rv0440菌株BL21中的表达

注:图A为质粒pET28a-Rv3790和质粒pGro7-Rv0440在BL21中的抗性筛选;图B为IPTG诱导含pET28a-Rv3790和pGro7-Rv0440菌株BL21的DprE1蛋白表达。

, figureFileSmall=b91ZMf4VBQ+pk+vMFTmGCg==, figureFileBig=Mclvx+YZebVYkt0WBnPXqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842682413641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Optimization of DprE1 protein expression and purification conditions, figureFileSmall=n0ANGrqUYr4VhXtAJr61Nw==, figureFileBig=a8t5RqPMxgBx5y7gAvPAlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842791465546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图4, caption=DprE1蛋白表达纯化条件摸索

注:红色箭头表示目的蛋白DprE1所在位置;图A为不同温度条件的DprE1蛋白诱导情况;图B为不同阿拉伯糖浓度参与的DprE1蛋白诱导情况;a为25 ℃,1表示250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖、上清,2表示250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖、菌体,3表示1 mg/ml阿拉伯糖、菌体,4表示1 mg/ml阿拉伯糖、上清;b为20 ℃,1表示1 mg/ml阿拉伯糖、上清,2表示250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖、上清,3表示1 mg/ml阿拉伯糖、菌体,4表示1 mg/ml阿拉伯糖、菌体。

, figureFileSmall=n0ANGrqUYr4VhXtAJr61Nw==, figureFileBig=a8t5RqPMxgBx5y7gAvPAlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050842934071891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Co-expression of DprE1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperone proteins in E. coli BL21, figureFileSmall=1bl4kNWNa36S2hMzyDdCZw==, figureFileBig=edT969IilDSMxcrM0tuFVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050843185730136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图5, caption=DprE1蛋白与结核分枝伴侣蛋白在BL21中大量共表达情况, figureFileSmall=1bl4kNWNa36S2hMzyDdCZw==, figureFileBig=edT969IilDSMxcrM0tuFVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050843684852320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) of protein gel electrophoresis, figureFileSmall=4zfaCRzTjMPwFManc0gUuw==, figureFileBig=9k81ZQYOXoCB4Rzgo2K6Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050843957482084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图6, caption=蛋白胶TIC总离子流图, figureFileSmall=4zfaCRzTjMPwFManc0gUuw==, figureFileBig=9k81ZQYOXoCB4Rzgo2K6Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050844188168808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Thermodynamic changes in the interaction between drugs and DprE1 protein, figureFileSmall=DsIggVrTPczG1Ltr+Nzn8g==, figureFileBig=DiM3w2Z/EylDmBc4ucfcnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050844506935916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图7, caption=药物与DprE1蛋白相互作用的热量变化

注:图A为不含DprE1蛋白样本滴定,a为OPC-167832,b为DMSO,c为异烟肼;B为含DprE1蛋白样本滴定,a为OPC-167832,b为DMSO,c为异烟肼。

, figureFileSmall=DsIggVrTPczG1Ltr+Nzn8g==, figureFileBig=DiM3w2Z/EylDmBc4ucfcnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050844632765043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=In silico docking results of DprE1 and OPC-167832, figureFileSmall=R9ZNK8bzmKFG8Mt7ystVvQ==, figureFileBig=W65ELwrNPdPm/Rh63HtY0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050844804731511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=图8, caption=DprE1和OPC-167832计算机对接结果, figureFileSmall=R9ZNK8bzmKFG8Mt7ystVvQ==, figureFileBig=W65ELwrNPdPm/Rh63HtY0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050844972503677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

LC-MS analysis of proteins from gel electrophoresis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因标准名
缩写
蛋白质错误
发现率置信度
总和肽错误
概率分数
覆盖率(%)肽段肽段谱匹配数独特肽段Sequest HT
评分
丰度:F1:样本分子量(kDa)
DprE1High60.996773519635325.9499 471 954 28850.1
CPN60.2High2.15784445.6595 181 80656.7
ClpXHigh0.97831112.616 743 04246.8
AtpAHigh0.92021112.18<100 00059.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241050845173830273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034447819174524, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LC-MS检测蛋白胶的蛋白质结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因标准名
缩写
蛋白质错误
发现率置信度
总和肽错误
概率分数
覆盖率(%)肽段肽段谱匹配数独特肽段Sequest HT
评分
丰度:F1:样本分子量(kDa)
DprE1High60.996773519635325.9499 471 954 28850.1
CPN60.2High2.15784445.6595 181 80656.7
ClpXHigh0.97831112.616 743 04246.8
AtpAHigh0.92021112.18<100 00059.3
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靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法的建立
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张晓蕊 1 , 万国权 2 , 高超 3 , 谭惺妍 1 , 曾菊梅 1 , 李雨庆 4 , 王国庆 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(11): 2080-2089
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(11): 2080-2089
靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法的建立
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张晓蕊1, 万国权2, 高超3, 谭惺妍1, 曾菊梅1, 李雨庆4, 王国庆1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室
  • 3.四川大学华西医院人类疾病与免疫治疗实验室
  • 4.口腔疾病研究全国重点实验室,四川大学华西口腔医院
  • 张晓蕊(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

王国庆,E-mail:
Establishment of evaluation methods for antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Xiao-rui ZHANG1, Guo-quan WAN2, Chao GAO3, Xing-yan TAN1, Ju-mei ZENG1, Yu-qing LI4, Guo-qing WANG1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502351
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目的

根据OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的已知相互作用,建立靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法。

方法

首先,通过pET28a-Rv3790表达DprE1蛋白、pGro7-Rv0440表达结核分枝杆菌分子伴侣CPN60.2,将两种载体共转化至E.coli BL21中表达DprE1蛋白。经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化目的蛋白并使用LC-MS质谱对目的蛋白进行鉴定。其次,通过ITC等温滴定法,检测靶向DprE1的抑制剂与DprE1的直接相互作用。最后,利用计算机模拟技术对OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的进行相互作用对接。

结果

成功构建pET28a-Rv3790表达载体、pGro7-Rv0440表达载体,并表达纯化出可溶性目的蛋白DprE1。ITC实验结果表明,DprE1与OPC-167832结合时产生显著的热量变化。计算机分子对接结果显示,OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的碳氢键结合位点主要位于Pro316,氟化物氢键结合的位点则为His132、Asn364。

结论

可溶性蛋白DprE1成功表达,表达的蛋白与OPC-167832相互作用产生热量变化。基于此,可证实靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法成功建立。本研究为以DprE1为靶点的结核分枝杆菌抑制剂活性评价提供了实验基础和方法学支持。

结核分枝杆菌  /  DprE1  /  可溶性表达  /  ITC  /  抑制
Objective

Based on the known interaction between OPC-167832 and the DprE1 protein, this study aims to establish an evaluation method for the antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods

First, the DprE1 protein was expressed using the pET28a-Rv3790 vector, and the molecular chaperone CPN60.2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed using the pGro7-Rv0440 vector. Both vectors were co-transformed into E. coli BL21 for DprE1 protein expression. The target protein was purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and identified using LC-MS mass spectrometry. Secondly, the direct interaction between the DprE1-targeting inhibitor and DprE1 was assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Finally, computational simulation techniques were employed to dock OPC-167832 with the DprE1 protein.

Results

The pET28a-Rv3790 and pGro7-Rv0440 expression vectors were successfully constructed, leading to the expression and purification of soluble DprE1 protein. ITC results indicated a significant heat change upon the binding of DprE1 to OPC-167832. Molecular docking results revealed that the hydrogen bond binding site of OPC-167832 with DprE1 was primarily located at Pro316, while the binding sites for the fluorinated hydrogen bond were His132 and Asn364.

Conclusion

The soluble DprE1 protein was successfully expressed, and its interaction with OPC-167832 resulted in a measurable heat change. This confirms the successful establishment of an evaluation method for the antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study provides an experimental basis and methodological support for the activity evaluation of DprE1-targeting inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis  /  DprE1  /  Soluble expression  /  ITC  /  Inhibition
张晓蕊, 万国权, 高超, 谭惺妍, 曾菊梅, 李雨庆, 王国庆. 靶向结核分枝杆菌代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法的建立. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2080 -2089 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502351
Xiao-rui ZHANG, Guo-quan WAN, Chao GAO, Xing-yan TAN, Ju-mei ZENG, Yu-qing LI, Guo-qing WANG. Establishment of evaluation methods for antituberculosis drug activity targeting the key metabolic enzyme DprE1 of mycobacterium tuberculosis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2080 -2089 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502351
结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是一种具有弯曲或分枝状形态特征的革兰阳性杆菌,是结核病(tuberculosis)的主要病原体,大多通过空气进行传播[1]。据估计,全球近四分之一的人口感染了MTB,其中大约5%~10%的感染者最终会出现相关症状并发展为结核病[2]。《2024年WHO全球结核病报告》显示,2023年全球结核病确诊病例达1 080万例,是自1995年监测以来的最高水平[3]。作为结核病高负担国家之一,我国结核病发病数占全球的6.8%,仅次于印度(26%)和印度尼西亚(10%)[3]。2023年我国新发结核病患者约74.1万例,死亡约2.5万例[3]。结核病的治愈需要长期使用抗结核药物进行抗菌治疗,常规治疗使用的一线临床药物为异烟肼(isoniazid)、利福平(rifampin)、吡嗪酰胺(pyrazinamide, PZA)、乙胺丁醇(ethambutol, EMB),异烟肼的作用靶点为参与细胞壁分枝菌酸(mycolic acid,MA)合成途径的InhA(烯酰基载体蛋白还原酶)和KasA(β-酮酰基载体蛋白合成酶)[4]。耐药MTB菌株(drug-resistant MTB, DR-MTB)的出现,使得结核病患者依从性下降[5]。据WHO估计,2023年全球约新增40万多重耐药/利福平耐药结核病(MDR/RR-TB)患者,而我国新增MDR/RR-TB病例数达2.9万(占全球的7.3%),居世界第四位[3]。耐药结核病病例治疗持续时间长、费用昂贵、且有毒副作用,在世界范围内大约夺走了160万人的生命[6-7]
结核病的持续威胁促使全球广泛关注MTB中的药物靶点,以促进新的抗结核药物开发[8]。在抗结核药物的药物靶点中,DprE1是抗结核药物开发领域最常见且最受欢迎的研究靶点之一,由基因Rv3790编码[9]。DprE1和DprE2酶共同作用将DPR(十异戊二烯基磷酰基-D-核糖)转化为DPA(十异戊二烯基磷酰基-D-阿拉伯糖),参与MTB细胞壁主要成分阿拉伯半乳聚糖的形成[10-11]。DprE1作为一种黄素酶,其FAD结合域(7-196,413-461)呈α+β折叠,底物结合域(197-412)呈反平行β折叠(β10-β16),并与螺旋α 5、α9、α10共同构成活性中心[12]。由于DprE1结构的复杂性,其在重组表达的过程中难以正确折叠和修饰,易形成包涵体[13]。DprE1抑制剂可分为共价结合抑制剂与非共价结合抑制剂。目前,已报道的DprE1共价抑制剂以苯并噻嗪酮类(benzothiazinones,BTZs)为主,已有超过600种新的硝基苯并噻嗪酮被报道,其中有近90%被证明对MTB(MIC<10 μM)具有活性[14]。DprE1非共价抑制剂包括TCA1、TBA7371和OPC-167832等[15]。OPC-167832是日本Otsuka制药公司报道的一种喹啉酮类抗结核药物,对细胞内和细胞外MTB均有杀菌活性[16-17],且已经进入临床IIb期试验阶段[18],可用作建立DprE1抑制剂筛选模型的标准药物。
抗结核新药的筛选是抗结核药物开发的初始阶段,用计算手段识别潜在的靶点结合物,进行抗结核药物的虚拟筛选是抗结核新药筛选的常见方法[1419-21],但该方法缺乏直接的生物证据。应用MTB进行药敏实验开展抗结核分子的筛选则需要高等级的实验室环境,且存在生物安全风险,也不能明确化合物直接的抗菌靶点和作用机制[21]。本研究采用等温滴定量热法(total ion chromatogram,ITC)实验验证与计算机模拟相结合的策略:一方面,通过体外表达并纯化可溶性DprE1蛋白,采用ITC测定OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的生物结合特性;另一方面,利用计算机分子对接技术模拟DprE1蛋白与OPC-167832的结合模式。通过整合计算机虚拟筛选与ITC等温滴定技术,建立了一套靶向DprE1的MTB抑制剂活性评价方法,为抗结核药物的筛选提供了新的研究思路和技术支持。
H37Ra(ATCC 25177)由上海晶诺提供。pET28a质粒、pGro7质粒、DH5α和E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞由擎科生物提供。质粒提取、DNA提取及纯化试剂盒购自Omega Bio-Tek。KOD Mix酶来自Toyobo,T4 DNA连接酶来自Takara,限制性核酸内切酶XhoI和NcoI购自NEB,MultiF Seamless Assembly Mix酶来自ABclonal。IPTG、阿拉伯糖、卡拉霉素、氯霉素及透析袋由索莱宝提供。Ni-NTA购自碧云天,Protein A HP柱由Biodragon提供。OPC-167832由成都药德康明供应,异烟肼购自麦克林。
根据NCBI获得的Rv3790、Rv0440基因序列,与pET28a质粒载体和pGro7质粒载体选择合适的同源序列,目的基因与载体的上下游引物由擎科生物公司合成。Rv3790的上下游引物分别是: 5’-GATATACCATGGCCTTGAGCGTGGGAGCTACCAC-3’,5’-GTAATGCTCGAGCAGCAGCTCCAAGCGTCGG-3’。Rv0440(编码MTB伴侣蛋白CPN60.2)的上下游引物分别是: 5’-TACGAATTTAAGGAATAAAGATAGCGG CCGCCCAAGACAATTGCGTA-3’, 5’-TATTTCTGCGAG GTGCAGGGCAACATATGTCAGAAATCCATG CCACC CATGTCG-3’。质粒pGro7引物为pGro-7F: 5’-CGACATGGGTGGCATGGATTTCT GACATATGTTGC CCTGCACCTCGCAGAAATA-3’,pGro-7R:5’-TACGC AATTGTCTTGGCCATGCGGCCGCTATCTTTATTCCTT AAATTCGTA-3’。
H37Ra基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增Rv3790和Rv0440基因片段。经XhoI & NcoI双酶切pET28a和Rv3790片段后,T4 DNA连接酶连接、转化至DH5α、涂布于含卡那霉素(50 μg/ml)LB平板;通过同源重组法将线性化pGro7载体和Rv0440片段连接、转化至DH5α、涂布于含氯霉素(50 μg/ml)LB平板。涂布后平板均37 ℃培养过夜,转化子均通过菌落PCR及测序验证。将成功克隆的pET28a-Rv3790和pGro7-Rv0440质粒共转化至E.coli BL21菌株,-80 ℃保存[22]
将含有pGro7-Rv0440和pET28a-Rv3790的BL21菌株接种至LB培养基活化过夜。按1:100比例扩大培养,OD600为0.6~0.8时,添加0.5 mM IPTG,分别在16 ℃、18 ℃、20 ℃、25 ℃、37 ℃下诱导4~20 h,阿拉伯糖浓度为250 μg/ml或1 mg/ml。通过SDS-PAGE验证蛋白表达情况,确定最佳表达条件[23]
根据前期结果,选择0.5 mM IPTG和250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖,20 ℃诱导6 h。收集菌体后,用5 mM咪唑缓冲液(5 ml 1M咪唑+75 ml 4M NaCl+50 ml 1M Tris-HCl+870 ml ddH2O)溶解,冰水浴超声破碎细胞,4 ℃,16 000 ×g离心15 min,收集上清液过Ni-NTA,用不同浓度咪唑缓冲液洗脱。洗脱液在透析液(25 mM Tris-HCl、50 mM NaCl、25%甘油,pH 8.0)中4 ℃透析12~16 h,分装后- 80 ℃保存。通过SDS-PAGE验证蛋白纯度,切取目的条带进行LC-MS鉴定。
检测OPC-167832与蛋白的相互作用采用ITC研究OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的相互作用,通过测定热量变化进行小分子与蛋白质结合定性分析[24-25]。实验分为有诱导剂(DprE1表达)和无诱导剂(无DprE1表达)两组,分别与OPC-167832、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)及异烟肼进行滴定。将样品溶液(360 μl已透析目的蛋白+ 40 μl DMSO)注入ITC反应槽,50 μl配体溶液(40 μl透析液+10 μl化合物)注入滴定槽,每次滴定2 μl,间隔2 min。ITC仪器(MicroCal PEAQ-ITC)记录热量变化,数据保存为原始文件。
使用AutoDock 1.5.6和PyMol 1.8.2进行分子对接分析[26]。从PDB官网(http://www.pdb.org)获取DprE1三维结构,通过ChemDraw 2023(https://www.chemdraw.com/)获得OPC-167832的2D和3D结构文件。将DprE1的PDB文件与OPC-167832的SDF文件导入AutoDock,设置参数后进行对接模拟。使用PyMol可视化分析,生成结合模式图像,展示分子结合的空间结构特征。
Rv3790基因和pET28a质粒经XhoI & NcoI双酶切后,通过T4连接酶将目标基因插入线性化载体,见图1A。PCR结果显示Rv3790扩增片段为1 000~2 000 bp,与理论大小1 386 bp一致,见图1B;酶切后载体片段7 500~10 000 bp符合pET28a(5 962 bp)预期大小,见图1C。连接产物转化至DH5α感受态细胞后经卡那霉素筛选获得单菌落,见图1D。挑取多个单菌落,进行PCR验证后选择在目标条带1 000~2 000 bp范围内的菌落进行测序,见图1E。双向测序结果与Rv3790标准序列高度匹配,证实基因成功克隆至载体,见图1F
采用PCR获得Rv0440基因(1 623 bp)及线性化pGro7质粒后同源重组进行连接,见图2ARv0440基因扩增产物在1 000~2 000 bp范围内,符合理论大小,见图2B;线性化质粒5 000~7 500 bp符合质粒pGro7(5 467 bp)预期大小,见图2C。连接产物转化至DH5α后经氯霉素筛选获得单菌落,见图2D。选取菌落PCR显示1 000~2 000 bp目标条带大小的单菌落进行PCR验证,见图2E,双向测序结果与Rv0440标准序列完全匹配,证实pGro7-Rv0440表达载体构建成功,见图2F
将验证成功的质粒pET28a-Rv3790和pGro7-Rv0440共转化至BL21菌株中,并在含卡那霉素和氯霉素双抗的LB培养基上筛选单菌落,见图3A。随机挑选单菌落进行液体培养并加入IPTG诱导,初步观察目的蛋白表达情况。SDS-PAGE结果显示,在55 kDa处(接近DprE1蛋白50 kDa的大小)加入IPTG的菌液蛋白条带明显粗于未加IPTG的对照组,表明DprE1蛋白成功表达,选择该菌液用于后续大量诱导实验,见图3B。为优化蛋白表达条件,对诱导温度进行筛选,发现16 ℃诱导无明显蛋白表达,18 ℃时DprE1蛋白诱导表达量相对较少,而37 ℃、20 ℃和25 ℃均能诱导DprE1蛋白表达,见图4A。为避免37 ℃下蛋白过快表达形成包涵体,选择20 ℃和25 ℃进行进一步优化。
为促进DprE1蛋白的正确折叠和可溶性表达,使用阿拉伯糖作为分子伴侣CPN60.2(Rv0440)的诱导剂,并对其浓度(250 μg/ml和1 mg/ml)和温度(20 ℃、25 ℃)进行组合优化。结果显示,20 ℃和25 ℃下250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖诱导的DprE1上清表达量显著高于1 mg/ml组,见图4B,因此选择250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖作为最佳诱导浓度。超声破碎后Ni柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,20 ℃,250 μg/ml阿拉伯糖,0.5 mM IPTG下DprE1在上清中的表达量较优,见图4B
根据上述条件诱导1 L的表达菌株培养物,DprE1蛋白与结核分枝伴侣蛋白CPN60.2在BL21中共表达,经超声破碎、Ni-柱吸附、洗脱后将250 mM咪唑洗脱液收集并透析,透析后于-80 ℃保存,其余样品SDS-PAGE胶分离验证。红色框可看到疑似目的蛋白条带大小的条带,切下目的条带寄送至相关公司进行LC-MS蛋白质谱检测,见图56。检测结果表明DprE1蛋白为该条带中相对含量最高的蛋白,占比77%;而相对含量次之的蛋白为CPN60.2,占8%;ClpX和AtpA仅占比3%和2%,见表1。因此,纯化后的上清液中包含DprE1蛋白,可用于ITC实验以验证OPC-1678932与DprE1蛋白的结合特性。
ITC是一种微量热检测方法,可对小分子化合物与蛋白质结合时所放出或吸收的热量精确测定。本研究中将加入诱导剂作为DprE1蛋白表达的蛋白样本,将不加入诱导剂作为不含DprE1蛋白的样本,分别与OPC-167832、DMSO、异烟肼进行等温滴定,观察是否有热量变化,以此表征小分子化合物与蛋白质的相互作用。实验结果表明OPC-167832与不含DprE1蛋白的样本滴定无热量变化,见图7Aa;而与含有DprE1蛋白的样本滴定有热量变化,并且为放热反应(ΔQ<0),表明化合物与DprE1蛋白有相互作用,见图7Ba。阴性DMSO对照组和阳性异烟肼对照组与所有蛋白样本滴定均无热量变化,见图7Ab、c图7Bb、c,表明DMSO、异烟肼与DprE1蛋白均未发生相互作用。因此,OPC-167832与纯化的DprE1蛋白存在相互作用。
在DprE1活性位点中,OPC-167832与其对接需要范德华力、常规氢键、碳氢键,卤素(氟)、烷基、π-烷基,表明该分子与DprE1稳定结合,见图8。范德华力的分子间作用主要发生在DprE1蛋白的Cys387、Phe369、Lys367、Lys134、Gly117、Gly133、Leu317残基位点,常规氢键的分子间DprE1蛋白结合位点为:Asn385、Lys418、Gln336、Ser228、Typ314,碳氢键结合位点主要位于Pro316,氟化物氢键结合的位点则为His132、Asn364,而DprE1蛋白的Leu363、Typ230、Val365结合位点发生烷基或π-烷基的结合。其中,OPC-167832中的donor基团与DprE1蛋白中的acceptor基团之间不匹配,所以Asn385、Ser228、Typ314和Val365位点发生的相互作用效果不佳或不稳定。
DprE1是MTB细胞壁重要组成成分——阿拉伯半乳聚糖合成过程中的一个关键酶,参与DPA的合成,对细菌的生存和繁殖起关键作用[11]。自2009年被首次报道以来[27],不仅引起了科学界的广泛关注,还拓展了药物研发领域的新思路。近年来,一系列DprE1抑制剂,包括苯并噻嗪酮类化合物[28],喹喔啉类[29]、苯并噻唑类[30]等抗结核化合物开发成功,人们看到了结核病治疗的新希望。这些抑制剂通过特异性地与DprE1酶结合,阻断其催化活性,从而有效地抑制了MTB的生长和繁殖[12]。DprE1作为抗结核药物的新靶点具有巨大的潜力和广阔的应用前景[11]。然而,目前仅有BTZ-043、PBTZ-169、TBA-7371、OPC-167832、BTZ038、TMC-207等少部分药物处于临床开发阶段[31]。现有的DprE1抑制剂存在代谢活性差、合成难度高、价格昂贵等问题[32]。因此开发并筛选新的DprE1抑制剂,进行更好的临床应用迫在眉睫。
本文通过建立靶向MTB代谢关键酶DprE1的抗结核药物活性评价方法,为靶向DprE1抗结核药物的筛选及评价提供新的思路。DprE1蛋白作为一种酶,需要在上清中大量表达以保持其活性,而非以包涵体的形式在沉淀中表达。经过深入研究并参考文献方法后,用MTB的CPN60.2替换pGro7中的大肠杆菌GroEL,在BL21表达菌株共表达分子伴侣pGro7-Rv0440与pET28a-Rv3790,以期提高目的蛋白在上清中的表达量[28,33]。同时,改变BL21菌株的培养温度、诱导剂(IPTG、阿拉伯糖)浓度等因素,最大程度上避免合成缺乏生物学活性的包涵体[34]。结果显示,目的蛋白的表达量显著提升,成功在上清中检测到可溶的DprE1目的蛋白条带。虽然只纯化出少量可溶性DprE1蛋白,但ITC等温滴定实验观察到OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白结合的热量变化。后续可进一步提高目的蛋白DprE1在上清中的表达和纯化量[35]。Renhe Liu等人[23]研究表明DprE1抑制剂TCA1与DprE1残基Lys418、His132和Ser228之间以氢键结合,与OPC-167832同DprE1的残基结合位点相似,且与His132残基结合方式由氢键转变为氟化物氢键,相互作用更强。进一步可制备DprE1复合体衍射晶体,分析其与OPC-167832结合的构效关系[12]
综上所述,以DprE1蛋白为靶点的抗结核化合物展现出显著的优势,但溶解性差、价格昂贵、心脏毒性等诸多问题影响着其在临床的使用。因此,筛选并开发新型DprE1抑制剂对于缓解结核病治疗压力具有重要意义。本研究成功表达并纯化到可溶性DprE1蛋白,通过ITC分析其与OPC-167832的相互作用,并结合计算机分子对接技术验证了OPC-167832与DprE1蛋白的结合模式。与传统的抗菌实验相比,本研究建立的方法不仅降低了生物安全风险,还更有利于初步阐明化合物的作用机制。研究结果初步证实了ITC等温滴定与计算机模拟联合技术在DprE1抑制剂筛选中的可行性,为基于DprE1靶点的抗结核药物开发提供了重要的实验依据和方法学支持。后续将扩大DprE1抑制剂筛选的范围,获得更多靶向DprE1酶的抑制剂,用于开发新的抗结核药物[36-38]
  • 四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2025ZNSFSC0770)
  • 成都市科技局重点研发项目(2024-YF05-00039-SN)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502351
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
基金
四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2025ZNSFSC0770)
成都市科技局重点研发项目(2024-YF05-00039-SN)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室
    3.四川大学华西医院人类疾病与免疫治疗实验室
    4.口腔疾病研究全国重点实验室,四川大学华西口腔医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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