Article(id=1241034446837707299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501298, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269430, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269430, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269430, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269430, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1986, endPage=1991, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034447206806084, articleId=1241034446837707299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cross-lagged analysis of adolescent peer relationships ssociated with depression and anxiety, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the reciprocal predictive relationship between adolescent peer relationships and depression and anxiety, providing a basis for the implementation of mental health education for adolescents.

Methods

A longitudinal survey was conducted using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) among 3 840 students in grades 1-8 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, over four waves spanning three years. The Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) was employed to investigate the bidirectional relationships between peer relationships and depression and anxiety.

Results

Among the participants, there were 1 877 boys, accounting for 48.9%. The age distribution was as follows: 1 100 individuals aged 6 to 8 years (28.7%), 1 768 individuals aged 9 to 11 years (46.1%), and 965 individuals aged 12 to 16 years (25.2%). In terms of grade distribution, there were 1 400 students in grades 1 to 3 (36.5%), 1 702 students in grades 4 to 6 (44.3%), and 738 students in grades 7 to 8 (19.2%). The results of the cross-lagged model indicated a significant negative correlation between peer relationships and depression and anxiety at the individual level (β=-0.71, P<0.001; β=-0.45, P<0.001). At the individual level, peer relationships at the previous time point significantly negatively predicted depression and anxiety at the subsequent time point, except for the fourth wave. Additionally, depression and anxiety at the previous time point significantly negatively predicted peer relationships at all follow-up time points.

Conclusion

This study reveals a complex bidirectional predictive relationship between adolescent peer relationships and depression and anxiety, offering theoretical insights and practical significance for adolescent mental health care and preventive interventions.

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目的

探究青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互预测关系,为开展青少年心理健康教育提供依据。

方法

采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)对四川省成都市3 840名1~8年级学生进行为期三年共四次的追踪问卷调查。运用随机截距交叉滞后模型(RI-CLPM),分别探究同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的双向作用关系。

结果

调查对象中,男孩1 877人,占48.9%。6~8岁共1 100人,占28.7%,9~11岁共1 768人,占46.1%,12~16岁共965人,占25.2%。1~3年级1 400人(36.5%),4~6年级1 702人(44.3%),7~8年级738人(19.2%)。交叉滞后模型结果显示,在个体间水平上,同伴关系和抑郁、焦虑呈显著负相关(β=-0.71,P<0.001;β=-0.45,P<0.001)。在个体内水平上,除第四次外,前一个时间点的同伴关系能显著负向预测后一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑。在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系。

结论

本研究揭示青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间存在复杂的双向预测关系,对青少年心理关爱和预防干预具有一定的理论启示和实践意义。

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王宏,E-mail:
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蒋小勇(1989—),男,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:儿童青少年健康与卫生

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Sch Psychol, 2022, 37(1): 62-74., articleTitle=The roles of resilience, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship on student mental health difficulties during COVID-19, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241050843265429602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, awardId=22YJA840010, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA840010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050832997773975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833001968281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, companyId=1241050832997773975, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health/Center for Medical and Social Development Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,401331, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833010356891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, companyId=1241050832997773975, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院/医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 401331)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050833282986660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833291375270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, companyId=1241050833282986660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川 自贡 643000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050833459147444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050833471730358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, companyId=1241050833459147444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050840908231673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Random intercept cross-lagged standardised path coefficients plot for peer relationships and depression, figureFileSmall=PUsb3yPyDZBcwzR5u6G0Zw==, figureFileBig=KQ0DhtQNk5iZxKurrX6XdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050841126334470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=CN, label=图1, caption=同伴关系与抑郁的随机截距交叉滞后标准化路径系数图

注:同伴关系:x1~x4;抑郁:y1~y4;RI指潜变量在个体间的稳定性(随机截距);w指潜变量在个体内的稳定性; ***P<0.001,**P<0.01,*P<0.05。

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注:同伴关系:x1~x4;焦虑:z1~z4;RI指潜变量在个体间的稳定性(随机截距);w指潜变量在个体内的稳定性;***P<0.001,**P<0.01,*P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=1F1iwdtIbhiMu4t6I9U7Sg==, figureFileBig=Eac1MjhY4nco2QeaoGTWfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050841675788315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of participants [n(%),()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人群
n=3 840)
男孩
n=1 877)
女孩
n=1 963)
P
社会人口学特征
年龄#(岁)0.769
6~81 100 (28.7)553 (28.2)547 (29.2)
9~111 768 (46.1)907 (46.3)861 (46.0)
12~16965 (25.2)500 (25.5)465 (24.8)
年级0.936
1~31 400 (36.5)681(36.3)719(36.6)
4~61 702 (44.3)831 (44.3)871(44.4)
7~8738(19.2)365(19.4)373(19.0)
关键变量特征
同伴关系4.61±0.724.67±0.704.56±0.73<0.001
抑郁34.24±9.9634.27±10.3734.20±9.550.824
焦虑15.86±14.2217.03±14.4214.73±13.95<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050841906475045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基线特征[n(%),()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人群
n=3 840)
男孩
n=1 877)
女孩
n=1 963)
P
社会人口学特征
年龄#(岁)0.769
6~81 100 (28.7)553 (28.2)547 (29.2)
9~111 768 (46.1)907 (46.3)861 (46.0)
12~16965 (25.2)500 (25.5)465 (24.8)
年级0.936
1~31 400 (36.5)681(36.3)719(36.6)
4~61 702 (44.3)831 (44.3)871(44.4)
7~8738(19.2)365(19.4)373(19.0)
关键变量特征
同伴关系4.61±0.724.67±0.704.56±0.73<0.001
抑郁34.24±9.9634.27±10.3734.20±9.550.824
焦虑15.86±14.2217.03±14.4214.73±13.95<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842086830122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Longitudinal measurement equivalence test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型SRMRRMSEACFI|ΔRMSEA||ΔCFI|
形态等值0.060.060.75
载荷等值0.060.060.750.0010.003
截距等值0.060.060.740.0000.008
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842191687727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

纵向测量等值性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型SRMRRMSEACFI|ΔRMSEA||ΔCFI|
形态等值0.060.060.75
载荷等值0.060.060.750.0010.003
截距等值0.060.060.740.0000.008
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842351071286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Matrix of means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients for each variable at each time point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1 同伴关系T1抑郁T1焦虑T2 同伴关系T2 抑郁T2焦虑T3 同伴关系T3 抑郁T3焦虑T4 同伴关系T4 抑郁T4焦虑
T1同伴关系1
T1抑郁-0.41**1
T1焦虑-0.30**0.56**1
T2同伴关系0.48**-0.33**-0.23**1
T2抑郁-0.30**0.51**0.38**-0.42**1
T2焦虑-0.17**0.26**0.34**-0.22**0.41**1
T3同伴关系0.33**-0.24**-0.20**0.43**-0.30**-0.17**1
T3抑郁-0.17**0.20**0.27**-0.19**0.29**0.23**-0.33**1
T3焦虑-0.16**0.27**0.38**-0.23**0.37**0.32**-0.36**0.57**1
T4同伴关系0.15**-0.10**-0.09**0.18**-0.12**-0.11**0.23**-0.15**-0.15**1
T4抑郁-0.030.07**0.12**-0.05**0.07**0.07**-0.08**0.15**0.14**-0.32**1
T4焦虑-0.06**0.08**0.15**-0.06**0.11**0.15**-0.09**0.15**0.23**-0.36**0.56**1
M4.6134.2415.864.5833.8113.864.5119.1114.474.5418.3212.14
SD0.729.9614.220.7610.2021.540.7913.9714.080.7712.6712.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842552397887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各变量各时点均值、标准差及相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1 同伴关系T1抑郁T1焦虑T2 同伴关系T2 抑郁T2焦虑T3 同伴关系T3 抑郁T3焦虑T4 同伴关系T4 抑郁T4焦虑
T1同伴关系1
T1抑郁-0.41**1
T1焦虑-0.30**0.56**1
T2同伴关系0.48**-0.33**-0.23**1
T2抑郁-0.30**0.51**0.38**-0.42**1
T2焦虑-0.17**0.26**0.34**-0.22**0.41**1
T3同伴关系0.33**-0.24**-0.20**0.43**-0.30**-0.17**1
T3抑郁-0.17**0.20**0.27**-0.19**0.29**0.23**-0.33**1
T3焦虑-0.16**0.27**0.38**-0.23**0.37**0.32**-0.36**0.57**1
T4同伴关系0.15**-0.10**-0.09**0.18**-0.12**-0.11**0.23**-0.15**-0.15**1
T4抑郁-0.030.07**0.12**-0.05**0.07**0.07**-0.08**0.15**0.14**-0.32**1
T4焦虑-0.06**0.08**0.15**-0.06**0.11**0.15**-0.09**0.15**0.23**-0.36**0.56**1
M4.6134.2415.864.5833.8113.864.5119.1114.474.5418.3212.14
SD0.729.9614.220.7610.2021.540.7913.9714.080.7712.6712.49
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842736947273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Indicators of random intercept cross-lagged regression model fit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型χ2vPCFITLIRMSEASRMR
同伴关系-抑郁108.1915<0.0010.980.960.040.02
同伴关系-焦虑215.9315<0.0010.960.910.060.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241050842833416274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446837707299, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

随机截距交叉滞后回归模型拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型χ2vPCFITLIRMSEASRMR
同伴关系-抑郁108.1915<0.0010.980.960.040.02
同伴关系-焦虑215.9315<0.0010.960.910.060.03
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青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑的交叉滞后分析
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蒋小勇 1, 2 , 陈卓 2 , 赵莉 3 , 周峻民 3 , 宁柱 2 , 王宏 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(11): 1986-1991
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(11): 1986-1991
青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑的交叉滞后分析
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蒋小勇1, 2, 陈卓2, 赵莉3, 周峻民3, 宁柱2, 王宏1
作者信息
  • 1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院/医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 401331
  • 2.自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川 自贡 643000
  • 3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院
  • 蒋小勇(1989—),男,硕士在读,主管医师,研究方向:儿童青少年健康与卫生

通讯作者:

王宏,E-mail:
Cross-lagged analysis of adolescent peer relationships ssociated with depression and anxiety
Xiao-yong JIANG1, 2, Zhuo CHEN2, Li ZHAO3, Jun-min ZHOU3, Zhu NING2, Hong WANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health/Center for Medical and Social Development Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,401331, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501298
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目的

探究青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互预测关系,为开展青少年心理健康教育提供依据。

方法

采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)对四川省成都市3 840名1~8年级学生进行为期三年共四次的追踪问卷调查。运用随机截距交叉滞后模型(RI-CLPM),分别探究同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的双向作用关系。

结果

调查对象中,男孩1 877人,占48.9%。6~8岁共1 100人,占28.7%,9~11岁共1 768人,占46.1%,12~16岁共965人,占25.2%。1~3年级1 400人(36.5%),4~6年级1 702人(44.3%),7~8年级738人(19.2%)。交叉滞后模型结果显示,在个体间水平上,同伴关系和抑郁、焦虑呈显著负相关(β=-0.71,P<0.001;β=-0.45,P<0.001)。在个体内水平上,除第四次外,前一个时间点的同伴关系能显著负向预测后一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑。在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系。

结论

本研究揭示青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间存在复杂的双向预测关系,对青少年心理关爱和预防干预具有一定的理论启示和实践意义。

青少年  /  同伴关系  /  抑郁、焦虑  /  关联规则  /  交叉滞后分析
Objective

To explore the reciprocal predictive relationship between adolescent peer relationships and depression and anxiety, providing a basis for the implementation of mental health education for adolescents.

Methods

A longitudinal survey was conducted using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) among 3 840 students in grades 1-8 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, over four waves spanning three years. The Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) was employed to investigate the bidirectional relationships between peer relationships and depression and anxiety.

Results

Among the participants, there were 1 877 boys, accounting for 48.9%. The age distribution was as follows: 1 100 individuals aged 6 to 8 years (28.7%), 1 768 individuals aged 9 to 11 years (46.1%), and 965 individuals aged 12 to 16 years (25.2%). In terms of grade distribution, there were 1 400 students in grades 1 to 3 (36.5%), 1 702 students in grades 4 to 6 (44.3%), and 738 students in grades 7 to 8 (19.2%). The results of the cross-lagged model indicated a significant negative correlation between peer relationships and depression and anxiety at the individual level (β=-0.71, P<0.001; β=-0.45, P<0.001). At the individual level, peer relationships at the previous time point significantly negatively predicted depression and anxiety at the subsequent time point, except for the fourth wave. Additionally, depression and anxiety at the previous time point significantly negatively predicted peer relationships at all follow-up time points.

Conclusion

This study reveals a complex bidirectional predictive relationship between adolescent peer relationships and depression and anxiety, offering theoretical insights and practical significance for adolescent mental health care and preventive interventions.

Adolescents  /  Peer relationships  /  Depression and anxiety  /  Association rules  /  Cross-lagged analysis
蒋小勇, 陈卓, 赵莉, 周峻民, 宁柱, 王宏. 青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑的交叉滞后分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 1986 -1991 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501298
Xiao-yong JIANG, Zhuo CHEN, Li ZHAO, Jun-min ZHOU, Zhu NING, Hong WANG. Cross-lagged analysis of adolescent peer relationships ssociated with depression and anxiety[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 1986 -1991 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501298
青少年期是生长发育的关键时期,个体容易出现抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题[1-2]。美国儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑患病率为3.2%和7.1%[3],而包括我国在内的发展中国家这一比例高达17.2%和21.4%[4]。一项在我国开展的研究发现中学生焦虑、抑郁症状患病率为13.97%和19.70%[5]。因此,探究青少年抑郁、焦虑的影响因素并分析其机制,对预防青少年心理健康问题具有重要意义[6]
同伴关系是同龄人间或心理发展水平相当的个体间在交往过程中建立和发展起来的一种人际关系[7]。同伴关系作为青少年社交生活的重要部分,对其心理健康具有深远影响[8]。研究表明,良好的同伴关系能够降低青少年抑郁和焦虑水平[9]。同时,抑郁和焦虑的青少年可能由于社交困难而难以建立和维护良好的同伴关系[10]。这提示同伴关系与焦虑和抑郁存在双向关系。然而,现有研究主要分析它们的单向关系,未在同一研究中考虑双向关系,且主要采用横断面设计,难以揭示它们之间的因果关系及动态变化过程。因此,本研究采用交叉滞后分析方法分析成都市青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互影响,为高效开展青少年心理健康教育和干预提供依据。
本研究数据来源于“成都市儿童正向成长队列”(Chengdu positive child development,CPCD)。该项目通过分层整群抽样方法,按照经济发展水平,在成都市抽取5所学校:1所位于市中心,2所位于南部郊区,2所位于北部郊区。对选中学校1~8年级的学生(6~16岁)进行全员调查。采用追踪研究的方法,于2019年12月(T1)、2020年6月(T2)、2021年6月(T3)和2022年6月对研究对象进行了为期三年、总计四次追踪调查。CPCD项目通过了四川大学医学伦理委员会审查(批准文号:K2020025)。项目全程由经统一培训的调查员主导,组织研究对象统一填写问卷,研究对象需在不受干扰的环境下独立填写。所有参与的学生及其家长都签署或捺印了书面的知情同意书,并被告知该项目是自愿和匿名的,所有参与者都有权在研究任何时间自愿或经家长授权退出调查。本研究仅保留四次调查均参与的研究对象,并在此基础上剔除关键变量缺失者,最终共3 840人纳入分析,样本有效率92.6%。
一般人口学特征仅在基线收集。包括年龄(6~8岁、9~11岁、12~16岁)、性别(男、女)、年级(1~3年级、4~6年级、7~8年级)。
同伴关系基于五个问卷条目进行测量(例如:在我生命里,有很多关心我的朋友),采用李克特量表,按照态度强弱进行赋分,1=非常不同意、2=比较不同意、3=有点不同意、4=有点同意、5=比较同意、6=非常同意。然后通过因子分析计算各条目权重,最后将五个条目的赋分*权重相加即得同伴关系总分,分数越高,代表研究对象同伴关系越好。
采用Fendrich等人[11]编制的流调中心儿童抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children,CES-DC)对参与对象抑郁状况进行评估。该量表适用于6~17岁的儿童青少年人群,主要评定其一周内抑郁相关症状或感觉的出现频率,一共20个条目,采用Likert 4点计分法,每个条目按照1~4进行赋分,1=没有或基本没有(不足1 d)、2=少有(1~2 d)、3=常有(3~4)d、4=几乎总是有(5~7 d),其中4/8/12/16条目为反向计分。20个条目合计得分即为研究对象抑郁评分,总分1~80分,分数越高,代表抑郁症状越严重。CES-DC量表中文版已在我国得到广泛应用,且已被证明具有良好的信效度[12]
采用由美国精神病学家BIRMAHER等[13]编制、国内学者王凯等[14]修订的焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders,SCARED)对研究对象过去3个月的焦虑症状进行评估。量表采用Likert 3点计分法,一共41个条目,每个条目按照0~2进行赋分,0=无、1=有时、2=经常。41个条目合计得分即为研究对象焦虑评分,分数越高,代表焦虑症状越严重。是目前应用最广泛的焦虑评估量表之一,且研究表明其中文版量表在我国具有较好的信效度[15]
首先基于SPSS 26.0进行描述性统计分析、因子分析赋权、共同方法偏差检验、纵向测量等值性检验和相关性分析。在共同方法偏差检验中,第一个因子累计方差小于40%则视为无共同方法偏差[16]。纵向测量等值性检验中,用比较拟合指数(confirmatory fit indices,CFI)和近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RESEA)的绝对值检验测量结果是否等值,即|ΔCFI|≤0.01且|ΔRMSEA|≤0.015为等值性判定标准[17]。其次,基于Mplus 8.3软件,将性别固定到随机截距项进行控制后,构建随机截距交叉滞后模型(random intercept cross-lagged panel model,RI-CLPM),分别探究同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的双向作用关系。RI-CLPM通过引入随机截距项,用以控制个体间稳定,使其不随时间变化而出现差异,能够较好地克服传统交叉滞后模型(cross-lagged panel model,CLPM)应用于纵向数据的局限,也更适用于分析重复测量纵向数据。本研究对三个变量进行了四次追踪,模型合计构建12个潜变量(即同伴关系:x1~x4;抑郁:y1~y4;焦虑:z1~z4)。模型拟合评估标准为CFI>0.90,Tucker-Lewis指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TIL)>0.80,RMSEA<0.08,标准化均方根残差(standardized root mean square residual,SRMR)<0.08[18-20]。以上统计分析均为双侧检验,显著水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入3 840名研究对象,其中男孩1 877人(48.9%),女孩1 963人(51.1%)。6~8岁共1 100人(28.7%),其中男孩553人(28.2%),女孩547人(46.0%);9~11岁共1 768人(46.1%),其中男孩907人(46.3%),女孩861人(29.2%);12~16岁共965人(25.2%),其中男孩500人(25.5%),女孩465人(24.8%)。研究对象均来自1~8年级,其中1~3年级1 400人(36.5%),4~6年级1 702人(44.3%),7~8年级738人(19.2%)。同伴关系平均得分为(4.61±0.72)分,其中男孩平均得分为(4.67±0.70)分,女孩平均得分为(4.56±0.73)分。抑郁平均得分为(34.24±9.96)分,其中男孩平均得分为(34.27±10.37)分,女孩平均得分为(34.20±9.55)分。焦虑平均得分为(15.86±14.22)分,其中男孩平均得分为(17.03±14.42)分,女孩平均得分为(14.73±13.95)分。见表1
对T1~T4共四个时间点上所测量条目进行Harman单因素检验方法,以分析数据的共同方法偏差。结果显示,共有四个因子的特征根大于1,其中第一个因子的累计方差解释率为31.03%,小于40%的临界标准。即本研究不存在明显的共同方法偏差。
为检验研究对象在四次追踪中潜变量的测量结果是否等值。使用验证性因素分析法,采用χ2检验对多组潜变量模型进行比较。在形态等值模型中允许因子负荷和截距自由估计,并设定四次测量为相同因子结构;其次,在自由估计模型基础上,将各时间点的指标载荷设置相等进而建立载荷等值模型。最后,在载荷等值模型基础上,设置测量截距相等进而建立截距等值模型。检验结果显示,|ΔCFI|≤0.01且|ΔRMSEA|≤0.015,即数据不符合拟合指标差异性标准,可以认为本研究在四次测量中等值,能够进行后续随机截距交叉滞后分析。见表2
本研究各变量在各时间点上的均数、标准差及相关分析矩阵见表3。结果显示,在四期追踪中,后一期的同伴关系、抑郁和焦虑均与前一期的该变量存在显著正相关,说明研究对象的同伴关系、抑郁和焦虑具有一定的跨时间稳定性。同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑呈显著负相关关系,焦虑与抑郁之间呈显著正相关关系。且T1、T2、T3、T4四个时间点上的结果相对一致,表明变量间关系相对稳定,适合进行后续的随机截距交叉滞后分析。
为进一步探究同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互作用,将性别固定到随机截距项进行控制后,分别构建随机截距交叉滞后模型。研究结果表明,自由估计的随机截距交叉滞后模型均具有良好的拟合指数(同伴关系-抑郁模型:CFI=0.98,TLI=0.96,RMSEA=0.04,SRMR=0.02;同伴关系-焦虑模型:CFI=0.96,TLI=0.91,RMSEA=0.06,SRMR=0.03)。见表4
标准化自回归系数显示,在个体间水平上,同伴关系和抑郁呈显著负相关(β=-0.71,P<0.001)。在个体内水平上,除T4时间点外,前一个时间点的同伴关系都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的抑郁(wx1-wy2:β=-0.09,P<0.001;wx2-wy3:β=-0.06,P<0.001)。而在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的抑郁都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系(wy1-wx2:β=-0.18,P<0.001;wy2-wx3: β=-0.14,P<0.001;wy3-wx4:β=-0.08,P<0.001)。结果见图1
标准化自回归系数显示,在个体间水平上,同伴关系和焦虑呈显著负相关(β=-0.45,P<0.001)。在个体内水平上,除T4时间点外,前一个时间点的同伴关系都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的焦虑(wx1-wy2:β=-0.08,P<0.001;wx2-wy3:β=-0.16,P<0.001)。而在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的焦虑都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系(wy1-wx2:β=-0.11,P<0.001;wy2-wx3:β=-0.07,P<0.001; wy3-wx4:β=-0.06,P<0.01)。见图2
本研究对3 840名1~8年级学生的追踪数据进行交叉滞后分析,旨在探讨青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互预测关系。研究结果表明,除T4时间点外,前一个时间点的同伴关系都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑。而在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系。
本研究结果显示,除T4时间点外,青少年前一个时间点的同伴关系都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑,表明青少年抑郁、焦虑水平会受到同伴关系的影响,这与以往研究结论基本一致[9]。一项针对我国初中生的纵向研究结果显示,当青少年与同伴关系恶化,会导致青少年人际关系的需要满足遭到阻碍,并导致孤独、抑郁和焦虑症状的出现[21]。因此,家长和教育者都应该重视和了解青少年同伴关系,给予更多的关注和指导,帮助他们建立良好的同伴关系以促进社会化的积极发展[22]
此外,在所有追踪时间点上,前一个时间点的抑郁、焦虑都能显著负向预测后一个时间点的同伴关系,表明抑郁、焦虑水平较高的青少年同伴关系可能会恶化,这与以往研究结论基本一致[10]。该研究表明,青少年的攻击、抑郁、焦虑等问题行为可能导致其同伴关系较差,这是因为青少年主动或者被动的脱离了同伴群体,与同伴的沟通交流和互动减少,进而导致难以建立良好的同伴交往关系,而不被同伴群体所接纳又会进一步导致行为问题的加重,形成恶性循环。因此,有必要营造良好的社会环境,并采取多样的、有针对性的教育策略,引导青少年构建积极的人际交往圈,尽可能的促进同伴关系。
本研究存在一定局限性。第一,本研究采用自我报告的量表评估研究对象的同伴关系、抑郁和焦虑,可能会导致测量结果不准确,未来可以采用多指标多方法进行测量,提高数据的效度。第二,本研究的调查对象为成都市1~8年级学生,研究结果在其他地区的可推广性可能会受到限制。第三,本研究仅涉及同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑的两两关系,未对其中可能存在的复杂机制进行探讨,未来的研究应进一步深入准确揭示同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的关系。尽管如此,本研究采用随机截距交叉滞后分析方法深入探讨了青少年同伴关系与抑郁、焦虑之间的相互影响,为青少年心理健康教育和干预提供了科学依据和新的思路。
  • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA840010)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501298
  • 接收时间:2025-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17
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教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA840010)
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    1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院/医学与社会发展研究中心,重庆 401331
    2.自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川 自贡 643000
    3.四川大学华西公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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