Article(id=1241034446560883214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738512000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269365, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269365, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269365, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2015, endPage=2020, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034447009673775, articleId=1241034446560883214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the status and influencing factors of health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 50 and above, and to analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

From September to December 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to select 751 middle-aged and elderly individuals from rural areas in five districts of Luzhou city for the study. A general information questionnaire, AIDS prevention health information avoidance scale, brief health literacy scale, self-neglect scale, and AIDS discrimination scale were utilized for data collection. Statistical analyses including t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted to analyze influencing factors.

Results

The average score for health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and elderly individuals was (31.64±10.08). The influencing factors included education level (β=-0.066, 95%CI: -0.122 to -0.010), age (β=0.074,95%CI: 0.021-0.127), being widowed (β=-0.089, 95%CI: -0.154 to -0.024), employment status (β=0.061, 95%CI: 0.004-0.118),health literacy (β=-0.267, 95% CI: -0.337 to -0.197), self-neglect (β=0.267, 95%CI: 0.199-0.334), and AIDS discrimination (β=0.344, 95%CI: 0.279-0.408) (all P<0.05), collectively explaining 64.10% of the total variance.

Conclusion

The health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among the rural middle-aged and elderly population is at a moderately high level. To reduce this behavior, it is essential to focus on individuals with lower health literacy, higher levels of self-neglect, greater discrimination against AIDS, older age, lower educational attainment, and those engaged in labor. Targeted measures should be implemented to improve this population’s willingness and ability to access and apply AIDS prevention health information

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xi-yu WANG, Dai-jun SHEN, Xin-yan ZHOU, Fu-you REN, Xi ZHANG, Xian-jun MAO, Jian TANG, Yan-hua CHEN, Lu XIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241034448259576492, articleId=1241034446560883214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解50岁及以上农村中老年群体的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状并分析其影响因素。

方法

2024年9—12月采取便利抽样法,选取泸州市5个区县农村地区的751名中老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、艾滋病预防健康信息回避量表、简版健康素养量表、自我忽视量表、艾滋病歧视量表对其进行调查。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析、多元线性回归等方法进行影响因素分析。

结果

农村中老年人的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分为(31.64±10.08)分,文化程度(β=-0.066,95%CI:-0.122~-0.010)、年龄(β=0.074, 95%CI:0.021~0.127)、丧偶(β=-0.089, 95%CI:-0.154~-0.024)、务工(β=0.061, 95%CI:0.004~0.118)、健康素养(β=-0.267, 95%CI:-0.337~-0.197)、自我忽视(β=0.267, 95%CI:0.199~0.334)、艾滋病歧视(β=0.344, 95%CI:0.279~0.408)是健康信息回避行为的影响因素(均P<0.05),能解释总变异的64.10%。

结论

农村中老年群体的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为处于中等偏上水平,降低该行为需重点关注健康素养较差、自我忽视水平较高、对艾滋病歧视程度较高、年龄较大、文化程度较低、务工的中老年农村群体,采取针对性措施以提高该群体对艾滋病预防健康信息的获取意愿和应用能力。

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肖璐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+HR7kKOv5XbIp+TyufwouA==, magXml=6JUF17oZk9p3krC97pbaHg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=x4Oy/1w1xQn3GujHUcURpA==, pdfFileSize=695949, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bB5maO/U6zEyaIP9TO3FgQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王汐雨(2000—),女,硕士在读,初级护师,研究方向:艾滋病护理与管理

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Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition), 2021, 20(3): 63-72.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of health influencing factors of rural migrant workers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241050839188558295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, awardId=SCJJ23ND214, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省哲学社会科学基金项目(SCJJ23ND214), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050826232353734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050826244936647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050826232353734, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050826261713865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050826232353734, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西南医科大学护理学院,四川 泸州 646000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050826848916433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050826853110739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050826848916433, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西南医科大学附属中医医院疼痛科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050827373204448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827381593057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050827373204448, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西南医科大学附属医院感染病科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050827549365230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827557753841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050827549365230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.西南医科大学附属医院护理部)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050827691971583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050827704553473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, companyId=1241050827691971583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.西南医科大学附属医院手术室,四川 泸州 646000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050837695386013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores for health information avoidance behavior related to AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and older adults (≥50 years) by different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数
(%)
艾滋病预防健
康信息回避行
为得分(
t/FP
性别
396(52.7)32.56±9.902.5420.008
355(47.3)30.61±10.20
年龄(岁)
50~59357(47.5)28.01±10.2661.895<0.001
60~69229(30.5)33.09±9.24
≥70165(22.0)37.49±7.21
文化程度
不识字195(26.0)36.88±7.5985.664<0.001
小学313(41.7)33.81±9.49
初中192(25.6)25.60±8.93
高中及以上51(6.8)21.08±6.66
职业
务农240(32.0)33.49±8.905.536<0.001
务工265(35.3)30.93±11.11
个体户54(7.2)28.07±9.61
待业及退休192(25.6)31.32±9.77
婚姻状况
未婚57(7.6)34.11±10.492.9520.032
已婚585(77.9)31.07±10.13
离异29(3.9)33.03±11.26
丧偶80(10.7)33.58±8.53
个人月收入(元)
<1 000290(38.6)34.26±8.7957.842<0.001
1 000~1 999220(29.3)34.06±9.83
≥2 000241(32.1)26.28±9.70
患慢性病种类
0422(56.2)30.14±10.1611.050<0.001
1229(30.5)33.66±9.72
≥2100(13.3)33.35±9.57
自评健康状况
较好368(49.0)29.76±10.1913.248<0.001
一般261(34.8)33.23±9.94
122(16.2)33.93±9.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241050837850575271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征的≥50岁农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数
(%)
艾滋病预防健
康信息回避行
为得分(
t/FP
性别
396(52.7)32.56±9.902.5420.008
355(47.3)30.61±10.20
年龄(岁)
50~59357(47.5)28.01±10.2661.895<0.001
60~69229(30.5)33.09±9.24
≥70165(22.0)37.49±7.21
文化程度
不识字195(26.0)36.88±7.5985.664<0.001
小学313(41.7)33.81±9.49
初中192(25.6)25.60±8.93
高中及以上51(6.8)21.08±6.66
职业
务农240(32.0)33.49±8.905.536<0.001
务工265(35.3)30.93±11.11
个体户54(7.2)28.07±9.61
待业及退休192(25.6)31.32±9.77
婚姻状况
未婚57(7.6)34.11±10.492.9520.032
已婚585(77.9)31.07±10.13
离异29(3.9)33.03±11.26
丧偶80(10.7)33.58±8.53
个人月收入(元)
<1 000290(38.6)34.26±8.7957.842<0.001
1 000~1 999220(29.3)34.06±9.83
≥2 000241(32.1)26.28±9.70
患慢性病种类
0422(56.2)30.14±10.1611.050<0.001
1229(30.5)33.66±9.72
≥2100(13.3)33.35±9.57
自评健康状况
较好368(49.0)29.76±10.1913.248<0.001
一般261(34.8)33.23±9.94
122(16.2)33.93±9.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838064484786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment of independent variables

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变量名赋值
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)50~59=1,60~69=2,≥70=3
文化程度不识字=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
职业以务农为参照,对务工、个体户、待业及退休进行哑变量设置,务工=0 100,个体户=0 010,待业及退休=0 001
婚姻状况以未婚为参照,对已婚、离异、丧偶进行哑变量设置,已婚=0100,离异=0 010,丧偶=0 001
个人月收入(元)<1 000=1,1 000~1 999=2,≥2 000=3
患慢性病种类(种)0=1,1=2,≥2=3
自评健康状况较好=1,一般=2,差=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838207091131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

自变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名赋值
性别男=1,女=2
年龄(岁)50~59=1,60~69=2,≥70=3
文化程度不识字=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4
职业以务农为参照,对务工、个体户、待业及退休进行哑变量设置,务工=0 100,个体户=0 010,待业及退休=0 001
婚姻状况以未婚为参照,对已婚、离异、丧偶进行哑变量设置,已婚=0100,离异=0 010,丧偶=0 001
个人月收入(元)<1 000=1,1 000~1 999=2,≥2 000=3
患慢性病种类(种)0=1,1=2,≥2=3
自评健康状况较好=1,一般=2,差=3
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838425194943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with health information avoidance behavior related to AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and older adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目B β(95%CItP
(常量)19.7932.7837.112<0.001
性别0.6440.4670.032(-0.013~0.077)1.3790.168
年龄(岁)0.9340.3430.074(0.021~0.127)2.7190.007
文化程度-0.7540.328-0.066(-0.122~-0.010)-2.2970.022
职业
务农(参照)
务工1.2860.6100.061(0.004~0.118)2.1090.035
个体户1.0470.9670.027(-0.022~0.076)1.0840.279
待业及退休-0.3860.597-0.017(-0.068~0.034)-0.6460.518
婚姻状况
未婚(参照)
已婚-0.1660.877-0.007(-0.078~0.064)-0.1890.850
离异-1.4841.391-0.028(-0.080~0.024)-1.0670.286
丧偶-2.8911.089-0.089(-0.154~-0.024)-2.6540.008
个人月收入(元)0.2310.2640.025(-0.030~0.080)0.8770.381
患慢性病种类-0.6420.511-0.046(-0.117~0.025)-1.2560.210
自评健康状况0.3230.4950.024(-0.047~0.095)0.6520.515
健康素养-0.3400.046-0.267(-0.337~-0.197)-7.396<0.001
自我忽视0.4210.0540.267(0.199~0.334)7.844<0.001
艾滋病歧视0.1980.0190.344(0.279~0.408)10.458<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838542635463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446560883214, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

农村中老年人群艾滋病预防的健康信息回避行为影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目B β(95%CItP
(常量)19.7932.7837.112<0.001
性别0.6440.4670.032(-0.013~0.077)1.3790.168
年龄(岁)0.9340.3430.074(0.021~0.127)2.7190.007
文化程度-0.7540.328-0.066(-0.122~-0.010)-2.2970.022
职业
务农(参照)
务工1.2860.6100.061(0.004~0.118)2.1090.035
个体户1.0470.9670.027(-0.022~0.076)1.0840.279
待业及退休-0.3860.597-0.017(-0.068~0.034)-0.6460.518
婚姻状况
未婚(参照)
已婚-0.1660.877-0.007(-0.078~0.064)-0.1890.850
离异-1.4841.391-0.028(-0.080~0.024)-1.0670.286
丧偶-2.8911.089-0.089(-0.154~-0.024)-2.6540.008
个人月收入(元)0.2310.2640.025(-0.030~0.080)0.8770.381
患慢性病种类-0.6420.511-0.046(-0.117~0.025)-1.2560.210
自评健康状况0.3230.4950.024(-0.047~0.095)0.6520.515
健康素养-0.3400.046-0.267(-0.337~-0.197)-7.396<0.001
自我忽视0.4210.0540.267(0.199~0.334)7.844<0.001
艾滋病歧视0.1980.0190.344(0.279~0.408)10.458<0.001
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农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状及影响因素分析
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王汐雨 1 , 沈黛珺 1 , 周心燕 1 , 任苻友 1 , 张曦 1, 2 , 毛弦筠 1 , 唐建 3 , 陈燕华 1, 4 , 肖璐 5
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(11): 2015-2020
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(11): 2015-2020
农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状及影响因素分析
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王汐雨1, 沈黛珺1, 周心燕1, 任苻友1, 张曦1, 2, 毛弦筠1, 唐建3, 陈燕华1, 4, 肖璐5
作者信息
  • 1.西南医科大学护理学院,四川 泸州 646000
  • 2.西南医科大学附属中医医院疼痛科
  • 3.西南医科大学附属医院感染病科
  • 4.西南医科大学附属医院护理部
  • 5.西南医科大学附属医院手术室,四川 泸州 646000
  • 王汐雨(2000—),女,硕士在读,初级护师,研究方向:艾滋病护理与管理

通讯作者:

肖璐,E-mail:
Analysis of the status and influencing factors of health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas
Xi-yu WANG1, Dai-jun SHEN1, Xin-yan ZHOU1, Fu-you REN1, Xi ZHANG1, 2, Xian-jun MAO1, Jian TANG3, Yan-hua CHEN1, 4, Lu XIAO5
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502037
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目的

了解50岁及以上农村中老年群体的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状并分析其影响因素。

方法

2024年9—12月采取便利抽样法,选取泸州市5个区县农村地区的751名中老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、艾滋病预防健康信息回避量表、简版健康素养量表、自我忽视量表、艾滋病歧视量表对其进行调查。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析、多元线性回归等方法进行影响因素分析。

结果

农村中老年人的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分为(31.64±10.08)分,文化程度(β=-0.066,95%CI:-0.122~-0.010)、年龄(β=0.074, 95%CI:0.021~0.127)、丧偶(β=-0.089, 95%CI:-0.154~-0.024)、务工(β=0.061, 95%CI:0.004~0.118)、健康素养(β=-0.267, 95%CI:-0.337~-0.197)、自我忽视(β=0.267, 95%CI:0.199~0.334)、艾滋病歧视(β=0.344, 95%CI:0.279~0.408)是健康信息回避行为的影响因素(均P<0.05),能解释总变异的64.10%。

结论

农村中老年群体的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为处于中等偏上水平,降低该行为需重点关注健康素养较差、自我忽视水平较高、对艾滋病歧视程度较高、年龄较大、文化程度较低、务工的中老年农村群体,采取针对性措施以提高该群体对艾滋病预防健康信息的获取意愿和应用能力。

农村中老年人  /  艾滋病预防  /  健康信息回避行为  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the current status of health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 50 and above, and to analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

From September to December 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to select 751 middle-aged and elderly individuals from rural areas in five districts of Luzhou city for the study. A general information questionnaire, AIDS prevention health information avoidance scale, brief health literacy scale, self-neglect scale, and AIDS discrimination scale were utilized for data collection. Statistical analyses including t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted to analyze influencing factors.

Results

The average score for health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among rural middle-aged and elderly individuals was (31.64±10.08). The influencing factors included education level (β=-0.066, 95%CI: -0.122 to -0.010), age (β=0.074,95%CI: 0.021-0.127), being widowed (β=-0.089, 95%CI: -0.154 to -0.024), employment status (β=0.061, 95%CI: 0.004-0.118),health literacy (β=-0.267, 95% CI: -0.337 to -0.197), self-neglect (β=0.267, 95%CI: 0.199-0.334), and AIDS discrimination (β=0.344, 95%CI: 0.279-0.408) (all P<0.05), collectively explaining 64.10% of the total variance.

Conclusion

The health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among the rural middle-aged and elderly population is at a moderately high level. To reduce this behavior, it is essential to focus on individuals with lower health literacy, higher levels of self-neglect, greater discrimination against AIDS, older age, lower educational attainment, and those engaged in labor. Targeted measures should be implemented to improve this population’s willingness and ability to access and apply AIDS prevention health information

Rural middle-aged and elderly  /  AIDS prevention  /  Health information avoidance behavior  /  Influencing factors.
王汐雨, 沈黛珺, 周心燕, 任苻友, 张曦, 毛弦筠, 唐建, 陈燕华, 肖璐. 农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2015 -2020 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502037
Xi-yu WANG, Dai-jun SHEN, Xin-yan ZHOU, Fu-you REN, Xi ZHANG, Xian-jun MAO, Jian TANG, Yan-hua CHEN, Lu XIAO. Analysis of the status and influencing factors of health information avoidance behavior regarding AIDS prevention among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2015 -2020 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502037
近年来,我国50岁及以上HIV感染者数量及占比不断增加,呈现出明显的艾滋病老龄化趋势[1]。在2022年新报告的HIV感染者中该群体占比达48.10%,已成为我国艾滋病防治的薄弱环节和工作重点[2]。《中国遏制与防治艾滋病规划(2024—2030年)》[3]明确指出,增强老年人主动健康的能力,倡导树立“自己是健康责任第一人”的意识,同时将艾滋病防治知识纳入公民健康素养的范畴。然而,据相关研究显示,我国≥50岁群体的艾滋病知识知晓率仅为51.95%,其中西南地区仅为29.58%[4]。低知晓率的一个重要原因可能是个体存在健康信息回避行为(health information avoidance behavior)。该行为被定义为个体在面对与自身健康相关的医学知识、保健信息及健康保障内容时,延迟或拒绝获取必要健康信息的倾向性模式[5]。研究表明,农村中老年人普遍存在健康信息回避行为[6-7],该行为在一定程度上会阻碍其对艾滋病健康信息的有效获取与接收,导致无法及时掌握必要的预防措施,进而加剧感染风险,不仅对个人健康构成威胁,也对艾滋病防控工作构成严峻挑战。
目前,针对特定疾病情境下健康信息回避行为的研究主要集中于常见慢性病、癌症、COVID-19、艾滋病检测等领域[8-11],对于艾滋病预防的研究相对缺乏。因此,本研究旨在探讨≥50岁的农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的现状及影响因素,为今后开展农村中老年人艾滋病防治工作提供参考依据。
2024年9—12月,采用便利抽样方法,在泸州市江阳区、龙马潭区、纳溪区、泸县和合江县这5个区县的农村地区,选取了符合标准的751名中老年人作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥50岁,国际上将艾滋病感染领域的老年人定义为≥50岁的人群[12];(2)常住居民(居住达6个月以上);(3)意识清楚,能理解问卷内容;(4)知情同意。排除标准:(1)从未听说过艾滋病;(2)伴有严重认知障碍、听力障碍、语言障碍患者;(3)拒绝参加本研究者。本研究共计纳入23个变量,样本含量取研究变量的20倍,考虑10%无效问卷,样本量至少为512例。共调查770例农村中老年人。本研究经西南医科大学附属医院伦理委员会审核批准(编号:KY2024216)。
由研究者在文献研究的基础上设计,包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、文化程度、个人月收入、患慢性病种类、自评健康状况。
本研究以张帅等[13]开发的大学生健康信息回避量表为蓝本,针对艾滋病预防进行情景化修订,未对其他条目进行增减。保留原量表10个条目及负性情绪、认知冲突、行为改变三个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法,总分范围10~50分,得分越高表明回避倾向越强。原量表的Cronbach α为0.96。
修订后邀请10位专家对其进行内容效度评价。结果显示,条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.80~1.00,量表整体一致性内容效度(S-CVI/UA)为0.88,平均量表水平内容效度(S-CVI/Ave)为0.90,表明该量表具有良好的内容效度。
为进一步验证修订后量表的适用性和可靠性,本研究使用便利抽样法选取了49名符合纳入标准的农村中老年人进行预调查。结果表明,修订后量表总体Cronbach α为0.88,各维度Cronbach α为0.82~0.91。经专家函询和预调查后,最终实测版量表维持原维度与评分方法。本研究中,修订后的量表总体Cronbach α为0.95,各维度Cronbach α为0.88~0.97。
该量表由李少杰[14]在简短健康素养评估量表基础上进行修订。量表为单维度,共包含10个条目,采用Likert 5级计分,总分越高表明健康素养水平越高。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.93。
该量表由赵媛媛[15]编制,涵盖医疗保健、卫生、情感、安全和社会交往五个维度,共包含14个题目。量表采用Likert 4级评分法,分数越高,表明自我忽视的程度越严重。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.86。
采用中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表[16]进行测量,包含担心感染、耻辱偏见、个人歧视行为、社会歧视行为四个维度,共24个条目。由正向计分和反向计分构成,得分越高,表明歧视越严重。在本研究中,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95。
本研究在得到伦理委员会的批准后,由四位经过统一培训的硕士研究生通过面对面问卷调查收集数据。为确保样本代表性,采用农村集市设立咨询点招募与村干部引导入户两种方式相结合接触研究对象,并执行标准化知情同意流程。针对低文化程度或填写困难的受访者,由研究人员逐项询问后代为填写以保障数据准确性。共发放问卷770份,经核查剔除规律作答、关键信息缺失等无效问卷19份,最终纳入有效问卷751份,有效回收率为97.53%。
采用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以()描述,计数资料采用频数、构成比描述;不同特征的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分采用t检验、单因素方差分析;采用Pearson相关性分析变量间的相关性;采用多元线性回归分析相关影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入751名≥50岁的农村中老年人,其中男性396人(52.7%),女性355人(47.3%);平均年龄为(62.05±8.12)岁;文化程度以小学占比最多,为41.7%(313/751),其他人口学特征见表1
751名农村中老年人艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分为(31.64±10.08)分,健康素养得分为(29.98±7.91)分,自我忽视得分为(12.32±6.39)分,艾滋病歧视得分为(80.29±17.46)分。相关性分析结果显示,艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为与自我忽视(r=0.685,P<0.001)及艾滋病歧视(r=0.718,P<0.001)呈正相关,与健康素养呈负相关(r=-0.693,P<0.001)。
单因素分析结果显示,各人口学变量均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表1。以艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分为因变量,将单因素分析和相关性分析中具有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,进行多元线性回归。对有序分类变量采用赋值处理,无序分类变量进行哑变量设置,见表2。结果显示,文化程度、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、健康素养、自我忽视、艾滋病歧视进入回归模型,能解释总变异的64.10%。其中,文化程度较高(β=-0.066,95%CI:-0.122~-0.010)、婚姻状况为丧偶(β=-0.089, 95%CI:-0.154~-0.024)、健康素养较高(β=-0.267, 95%CI:-0.337~-0.197)为艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的保护因素;年龄较大(β=0.074, 95%CI:0.021~0.127)、职业为务工(β=0.061, 95%CI:0.004~0.118)、自我忽视水平较高(β=0.267, 95%CI:0.199~0.334)、对艾滋病歧视程度较高(β=0.344, 95%CI:0.279~0.408)是艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为的危险因素。见表3
本研究发现,≥50岁农村中老年人的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为得分为(31.64±10.08)分,高于量表总分理论中间值30分,且55.4%(416/751)的个体得分≥30分,表明其回避行为整体处于中等偏上水平。分析原因可能是,农村中老年人因年龄增长伴随相关生理机能衰退,包括信息处理能力下降和视力障碍,增加其健康信息获取与理解的难度[17]。其次,农村中老年人偏好依赖自身过往经验,面对新知识和事物易产生认知失调,为维护原有认知框架,往往拒绝接受相冲突的信息,产生排斥心理[18]。此外,农村社会关系多基于熟人交往,信息环境较封闭,健康信息传播易局限在相近认知层面,其信息封闭性与群体观念固化易形成文化屏障[9],加剧中老年群体的信息回避。本研究首次以回避行为作为切入点,探讨农村地区艾滋病知晓率低的现象并识别部分潜在的影响因素,为今后深入研究提供参考。
在本研究中,艾滋病歧视水平与艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为呈现正相关,且影响最大。Lipsey等[19]研究指出,人们倾向于回避无法治愈、污名化和令人尴尬的疾病健康信息,这些属性与艾滋病相吻合。研究显示,≥50岁人群对艾滋病歧视水平较高[20],对艾滋病的错误认知以及污名化误解可能会增强个体的心理防御机制,进而排斥获取与艾滋病相关的预防知识[21]。此外,由于农村地区医疗宣传教育资源有限且社交媒体使用率较低,中老年人群对艾滋病的歧视和误解程度可能更加严重[20],使得个体即使有机会接触到艾滋病预防信息,也可能因为担心污名化风险而选择回避。
本研究发现,农村中老年人健康素养水平越低,其艾滋病预防信息回避程度越高,与以往研究结果相似[22]。这可能源于低健康素养群体在健康认知和信息素养方面的基础较为薄弱[23],对艾滋病的易感性与严重性认知不足,低估自身感染风险,进而导致预防信息的获取动机缺乏[24];其次,受数字鸿沟制约,农村中老年人获取健康信息渠道有限,知识储备不足[25]。加之乡镇层级的艾滋病预防宣传多依赖传统单向传播模式,如横幅、宣传单、展板,难以引起农村中老年人的关注[26]
本研究显示,自我忽视水平与艾滋病预防健康信息回避呈正相关。研究指出,自我忽视程度较高者往往对健康状态关注不足,健康风险感知能力随之弱化,可能更倾向于回避疾病预防信息[27]。此外,随着城市化进程加快,子女多在城市生活或务工,导致农村中老年群体获得的代际支持减少,自我忽视水平增加,对其健康行为产生不利影响[28],进而可能将艾滋病预防信息视为一种潜在的风险威胁,而非有益资源。
本研究还发现,婚姻状况、文化程度、职业在一定程度上也会影响农村中老年人的艾滋病预防健康信息回避行为。相比于未婚的农村中老年人,丧偶个体因经历重大人生变故,可能更易意识到自身的健康脆弱性,从而增强健康维护动机以保障其生活质量[29]。文化程度影响个体对事物的认知水平与接受能力,农村中老年人普遍文化程度偏低,导致其可能缺乏获取艾滋病预防知识的意愿与执行能力[30]。此外,在本研究中,务工的中老年人与务农的相比更倾向于回避艾滋病预防健康信息。农村务工群体通常面临较高的工作流动性以及不稳定的生活环境,其生活重心主要集中于维持生计,缺乏足够的时间与精力获取健康知识[31]
综上,农村中老年人是艾滋病预防的重要主体,其对于艾滋病预防的信息回避现象已不容忽视,亟待引起高度关注。卫生服务工作者可根据影响因素早期识别艾滋病预防健康信息回避的高风险人群,并制定个体化干预措施。本研究存在一定局限性。第一,本研究采用自评问卷,可能存在报告偏移与数据变异性较大。第二,研究对象均来自泸州,结果外推性有限,未来可开展大样本、多中心调查。
  • 四川省哲学社会科学基金项目(SCJJ23ND214)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502037
  • 接收时间:2025-02-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-03
基金
四川省哲学社会科学基金项目(SCJJ23ND214)
作者信息
    1.西南医科大学护理学院,四川 泸州 646000
    2.西南医科大学附属中医医院疼痛科
    3.西南医科大学附属医院感染病科
    4.西南医科大学附属医院护理部
    5.西南医科大学附属医院手术室,四川 泸州 646000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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