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Article(id=1241034446007235043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735920000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269233, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269233, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269233, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2068, endPage=2073, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034446367945218, articleId=1241034446007235043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the relationship between multidimensional social deprivation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between multidimensional social deprivation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly.

Methods

In July 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 533 individuals aged 60 and above in a district of Chengdu. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between social deprivation and its dimensions with symptoms of anxiety and depression, while multiple binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between social deprivation and its dimensions with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

The detection rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among the study participants were 12.9% and 12.8%, respectively, with a co-occurrence rate of 7.7%. The total score of the social deprivation scale was (45.34±9.30). There were positive correlations between social deprivation and depression symptoms (r=0.544, P<0.001) as well as anxiety symptoms (r=0.391, P<0.001). Social deprivation and its dimensions were identified as risk factors for both anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms, as well as their co-occurrence (P<0.001). Among elderly individuals with chronic diseases, social deprivation and its dimensions were associated with the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Multidimensional social deprivation is a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms in the elderly. Targeted interventions to reduce social deprivation are recommended to improve the mental health of older adults.

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目的

探究老年人多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联。

方法

于2023年7月抽取成都市某区533名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查，采用Spearman秩相关分析社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的相关关系，采用多因素二元logistic回归分析老年人社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间的关联。

结果

研究对象焦虑症状、抑郁症状的检出率分别为12.9%、12.8%，焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存的检出率为7.7%；社会剥夺感量表总得分为（45.34±9.30）分；社会剥夺感与抑郁症状（r=0.544，P<0.001）、焦虑症状（r=0.391，P<0.001）均存在正相关关系；社会剥夺感及其各个维度对焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存的影响均表现为危险因素（P<0.001）；社会剥夺感及其各维度在患慢性病的老年人中与焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存相关（P<0.001）。

结论

多维社会剥夺感为老年人焦虑症状、抑郁症状的危险因素，建议实施有针对性的降低社会剥夺感的干预措施，以改善老年人的心理健康水平。

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刘丹萍，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BLyKJbFEUGLHzHNJnguUUg==, magXml=vbeaQQkF5ni7DgcVVKT8IA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=N5t+JlThGuRyMBMRAOqdfA==, pdfFileSize=714980, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2i9FlRbkJCVIwuu/BnKocg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王延（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：社会医学与卫生事业管理

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王延（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：社会医学与卫生事业管理

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王延（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：社会医学与卫生事业管理

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Journal of Tsinghua University: Philosophy and Socia Sciences, 2017, 32(5): 164-171.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Political participation, political communication for public service Gender differences in the mechanism of satisfaction -- Empirical analysis based on 6 159 Chinese citizen survey data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050841650614819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=22, pageStart=2768, pageEnd=2776, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=尚彬, 罗彩凤, 吕妃, journalName=中华护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=尚彬，罗彩凤，吕妃，等.社区慢性病共病老年患者心理困扰的潜在类别分析[J].中华护理杂志，2023，58（22）：2768-2776., articleTitle=社区慢性病共病老年患者心理困扰的潜在类别分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241050841902273068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=22, pageStart=2768, pageEnd=2776, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Shang B, Luo CF, Lv F, journalName=Chinese Journal of Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shang B, Luo CF, Lv F, et al. Latent class analysis of psychological distress among older adults with multiple chronic conditions in communities[J].Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(22): 2768-2776.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Latent class analysis of psychological distress among older adults with multiple chronic conditions in communities, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050825586430880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050825599013793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, companyId=1241050825586430880, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050825607402403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, companyId=1241050825586430880, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050832255373529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the basic characteristics of the detection of anxiety and depression symptoms among the subjects ［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总例数(n=533)焦虑症状、抑郁症
状均不存在(n=437)		仅存在焦虑症状
(n=28)		仅存在抑郁症状
(n=27)		焦虑症状、抑郁
症状共存(n=41)		χ2(F)值P值
年龄（岁）70.9±7.170.9±7.171.9±7.770.3±7.270.7±6.6-0.3720.743
性别18.723<0.001
男251(47.1)188(74.9)15(6.0)18(7.2)30(12.0)
女282(52.9)249(88.3)13(4.6)9(3.2)11(3.9)
户籍地0.8220.844
城市227(42.6)187(82.4)10(4.4)11(4.8)19(8.4)
农村306(57.4)250(81.7)18(5.9)16(5.2)22(7.2)
婚姻状况3.8570.277
在婚358(67.2)301(84.1)15(4.2)17(4.7)25(7.0)
不在婚175(32.8)136(77.7)13(7.4)10(5.7)16(9.1)
教育程度12.4270.190
文盲82(15.4)61(74.4)3(3.7)7(8.5)11(15.4)
小学227(42.6)184(81.1)16(7.0)12(5.3)15(6.6)
初中160(30.0)134(83.8)7(4.4)6(3.72)13(8.1)
高中及以上64(12.0)58(90.6)2(3.1)2(3.1)2(3.1)
就业状况5.8500.440
在业27(5.1)24(88.9)0(0.0)2(7.4)1(3.7)
离、退休371(69.6)298(80.3)20(5.4)19(5.1)34(9.2)
失业/无业135(25.3)115(85.2)8(5.9)6(4.4)6(4.4)
家庭人均月收入（元）8.1470.228
<1 000135(25.3)104(77.0)7(5.2)10(7.4)14(10.4)
1 000～3 000242(45.4)197(81.4)12(5.0)12(5.0)21(8.7)
>3 000156(29.3)136(87.2)9(5.8)5(3.2)6(3.8)
社会医疗保险6.8290.078
有467(87.6)383(82.0)27(5.8)20(4.3)37(7.9)
无66(12.4)54(81.8)1(1.5)7(10.6)4(6.1)
养老保险2.1830.535
有499(93.6)411(82.4)25(5.0)24(4.8)39(7.8)
无34(6.4)26(76.5)3(8.8)3(8.8)2(5.9)
吸烟0.9000.343
是47(8.8)41(87.2)2(4.3)2(4.3)2(4.3)
否486(91.2)396(81.5)26(5.3)25(5.1)39(8.0)
饮酒5.9660.113
是67(12.6)62(92.5)1(1.5)2(3.0)2(3.0)
否466(87.4)375(80.5)27(5.8)25(5.4)39(8.4)
体育锻炼0.8630.834
是474(88.9)391(82.5)24(5.1)23(4.9)36(7.6)
否59(11.1)46(78.0)4(6.8)4(6.8)5(8.5)
BMI6.5190.368
体重过低38(7.1)30(78.9)1(2.6)4(10.5)3(7.9)
体重正常271(50.8)219(80.8)13(4.8)13(4.8)26(9.6)
超重/肥胖224(42.0)188(83.9)14(6.2)10(4.5)12(5.4)
慢性病患病
是467(87.6)375(80.3)25(5.4)27(5.8)40(8.6)8.9360.030
否66(12.4)62(93.9)3(4.5)0(0.0)1(1.5)
社会剥夺感水平61.657<0.001
无144(27.0)134(93.1)7(4.9)0(0.0)3(2.1)
轻度356(66.8)289(81.2)19(5.3)21(5.9)27(7.6)
中度33(6.2)14(42.4)2(6.1)6(18.2)11(33.3)
社会剥夺感（分）45.3±9.343.6±8.146.4±11.755.4±7.857.0±7.27.418<0.001
社会经济状况（分）15.3±3.314.9±3.115.2±4.217.3±2.918.2±2.34.545<0.001
家庭与社会支持（分）10.4±3.110.0±2.911.3±3.612.7±3.311.9±3.13.824<0.001
政治与社会参与（分）11.0±3.310.7±3.210.7±3.513.6±3.113.6±2.73.844<0.001
综合性感觉（分）8.6±3.07.9±2.49.2±3.011.8±3.013.4±3.09.870<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050832397979875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象焦虑症状、抑郁症状检出情况基本特征比较［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总例数(n=533)焦虑症状、抑郁症
状均不存在(n=437)		仅存在焦虑症状
(n=28)		仅存在抑郁症状
(n=27)		焦虑症状、抑郁
症状共存(n=41)		χ2(F)值P值
年龄（岁）70.9±7.170.9±7.171.9±7.770.3±7.270.7±6.6-0.3720.743
性别18.723<0.001
男251(47.1)188(74.9)15(6.0)18(7.2)30(12.0)
女282(52.9)249(88.3)13(4.6)9(3.2)11(3.9)
户籍地0.8220.844
城市227(42.6)187(82.4)10(4.4)11(4.8)19(8.4)
农村306(57.4)250(81.7)18(5.9)16(5.2)22(7.2)
婚姻状况3.8570.277
在婚358(67.2)301(84.1)15(4.2)17(4.7)25(7.0)
不在婚175(32.8)136(77.7)13(7.4)10(5.7)16(9.1)
教育程度12.4270.190
文盲82(15.4)61(74.4)3(3.7)7(8.5)11(15.4)
小学227(42.6)184(81.1)16(7.0)12(5.3)15(6.6)
初中160(30.0)134(83.8)7(4.4)6(3.72)13(8.1)
高中及以上64(12.0)58(90.6)2(3.1)2(3.1)2(3.1)
就业状况5.8500.440
在业27(5.1)24(88.9)0(0.0)2(7.4)1(3.7)
离、退休371(69.6)298(80.3)20(5.4)19(5.1)34(9.2)
失业/无业135(25.3)115(85.2)8(5.9)6(4.4)6(4.4)
家庭人均月收入（元）8.1470.228
<1 000135(25.3)104(77.0)7(5.2)10(7.4)14(10.4)
1 000～3 000242(45.4)197(81.4)12(5.0)12(5.0)21(8.7)
>3 000156(29.3)136(87.2)9(5.8)5(3.2)6(3.8)
社会医疗保险6.8290.078
有467(87.6)383(82.0)27(5.8)20(4.3)37(7.9)
无66(12.4)54(81.8)1(1.5)7(10.6)4(6.1)
养老保险2.1830.535
有499(93.6)411(82.4)25(5.0)24(4.8)39(7.8)
无34(6.4)26(76.5)3(8.8)3(8.8)2(5.9)
吸烟0.9000.343
是47(8.8)41(87.2)2(4.3)2(4.3)2(4.3)
否486(91.2)396(81.5)26(5.3)25(5.1)39(8.0)
饮酒5.9660.113
是67(12.6)62(92.5)1(1.5)2(3.0)2(3.0)
否466(87.4)375(80.5)27(5.8)25(5.4)39(8.4)
体育锻炼0.8630.834
是474(88.9)391(82.5)24(5.1)23(4.9)36(7.6)
否59(11.1)46(78.0)4(6.8)4(6.8)5(8.5)
BMI6.5190.368
体重过低38(7.1)30(78.9)1(2.6)4(10.5)3(7.9)
体重正常271(50.8)219(80.8)13(4.8)13(4.8)26(9.6)
超重/肥胖224(42.0)188(83.9)14(6.2)10(4.5)12(5.4)
慢性病患病
是467(87.6)375(80.3)25(5.4)27(5.8)40(8.6)8.9360.030
否66(12.4)62(93.9)3(4.5)0(0.0)1(1.5)
社会剥夺感水平61.657<0.001
无144(27.0)134(93.1)7(4.9)0(0.0)3(2.1)
轻度356(66.8)289(81.2)19(5.3)21(5.9)27(7.6)
中度33(6.2)14(42.4)2(6.1)6(18.2)11(33.3)
社会剥夺感（分）45.3±9.343.6±8.146.4±11.755.4±7.857.0±7.27.418<0.001
社会经济状况（分）15.3±3.314.9±3.115.2±4.217.3±2.918.2±2.34.545<0.001
家庭与社会支持（分）10.4±3.110.0±2.911.3±3.612.7±3.311.9±3.13.824<0.001
政治与社会参与（分）11.0±3.310.7±3.210.7±3.513.6±3.113.6±2.73.844<0.001
综合性感觉（分）8.6±3.07.9±2.49.2±3.011.8±3.013.4±3.09.870<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050832586723563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of social deprivation and its dimensions with anxiety and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁症状焦虑症状社会剥夺感社会经济状况家庭与社会支持政治与社会参与综合性感觉
抑郁症状1.000
焦虑症状0.576***1.000
社会剥夺感0.544***0.391***1.000
社会经济状况0.318***0.247***0.695***1.000
家庭与社会支持0.347***0.217***0.702***0.316***1.000
政治与社会参与0.305***0.235***0.695***0.298***0.305***1.000
综合性感觉0.661***0.435***0.786***0.478***0.477***0.406***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241050832813215984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁症状焦虑症状社会剥夺感社会经济状况家庭与社会支持政治与社会参与综合性感觉
抑郁症状1.000
焦虑症状0.576***1.000
社会剥夺感0.544***0.391***1.000
社会经济状况0.318***0.247***0.695***1.000
家庭与社会支持0.347***0.217***0.702***0.316***1.000
政治与社会参与0.305***0.235***0.695***0.298***0.305***1.000
综合性感觉0.661***0.435***0.786***0.478***0.477***0.406***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241050832951628022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Binary Logsitic regression analysis of the relationship between multi-dimensional social deprivation and anxiety and depression symptoms (n=533)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
焦虑/抑郁症状检出情况变量β OR (95%CI)P值
仅存在焦虑症状社会剥夺感0.1050.0161.111(1.077～1.147)<0.001
社会经济状况
0.1920.0431.212(1.113～1.320)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.1470.0401.159(1.071～1.254)<0.001
政治与社会参与0.1600.0441.173(1.075～1.280)<0.001
综合性感觉0.3770.0491.458(1.324～1.606)<0.001
仅存在抑郁症状社会剥夺感0.1910.0221.210(1.159～1.263)<0.001
社会经济状况0.3160.0491.372(1.246～1.512)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.2120.0421.236(1.138～1.341)<0.001
政治与社会参与0.3610.0571.435(1.282～1.606)<0.001
综合性感觉0.6160.6911.851(1.617～2.120)<0.001
焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存社会剥夺感0.1680.0231.183(1.130～1.238)<0.001
社会经济状况0.3350.0611.399(1.242～1.575)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.1620.0501.177(1.068～1.297)0.001
政治与社会参与0.3290.0681.389(1.216～1.587)<0.001
综合性感觉0.5650.0731.760(1.523～2.034)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833119400192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间关系的二元logsitic回归分析(n=533)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
焦虑/抑郁症状检出情况变量β OR (95%CI)P值
仅存在焦虑症状社会剥夺感0.1050.0161.111(1.077～1.147)<0.001
社会经济状况
0.1920.0431.212(1.113～1.320)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.1470.0401.159(1.071～1.254)<0.001
政治与社会参与0.1600.0441.173(1.075～1.280)<0.001
综合性感觉0.3770.0491.458(1.324～1.606)<0.001
仅存在抑郁症状社会剥夺感0.1910.0221.210(1.159～1.263)<0.001
社会经济状况0.3160.0491.372(1.246～1.512)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.2120.0421.236(1.138～1.341)<0.001
政治与社会参与0.3610.0571.435(1.282～1.606)<0.001
综合性感觉0.6160.6911.851(1.617～2.120)<0.001
焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存社会剥夺感0.1680.0231.183(1.130～1.238)<0.001
社会经济状况0.3350.0611.399(1.242～1.575)<0.001
家庭与社会支持0.1620.0501.177(1.068～1.297)0.001
政治与社会参与0.3290.0681.389(1.216～1.587)<0.001
综合性感觉0.5650.0731.760(1.523～2.034)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833413001479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the relationship between multi-dimensional social deprivation and the anxiety and depressive symptoms［OR（95%CI）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组社会剥夺感社会经济状况家庭与社会支持政治与社会参与综合性感觉
仅存在焦虑症状性别
男1.13(1.10～1.17)***1.27(1.15～1.41)***1.15(1.06～1.25)***1.36(1.20～1.54)***1.36(1.27～1.46)***
女1.20(1.14～1.26)***1.30(1.14～1.49)***1.20(1.03～1.42)*1.36(1.14～1.63)***1.88(1.57～2.25)***
慢性病患病
是1.20(1.14～1.26)***1.26(1.16～1.36)***1.15(1.06～1.24)***1.32(1.19～1.46)***1.45(1.35～1.55)***
否1.17(1.11～1.24)***1.52(1.18～1.95)***1.40(1.21～1.63)***2.17(1.5d5～3.03)***1.43(1.27～1.62)***
仅存在抑郁症状性别
男1.10(1.07～1.14)***1.23(1.11～1.36)***1.12(1.02～1.22)*1.26(1.13～1.41)***1.29(1.20～1.39)***
女1.07(1.01～1.13)*1.09(0.96～1.25)1.08(0.93～1.26)0.98(0.86～1.11)1.43(1.23～1.66)***
慢性病患病
是1.09(1.06～1.12)***1.14(1.05～1.24)**1.09(1.01～1.18)***1.16(1.06～1.27)***1.35(1.26～1.46)***
否1.10(1.05～1.15)***1.40(1.12～1.75)**1.29(1.11～1.50)***1.13(0.93～1.37)**1.26(1.11～1.42)***
焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存性别
男1.13(1.09～1.17)***1.32(1.16～1.50)***1.10(0.99～1.22)1.40(1.20～1.64)***1.39(1.27～1.51)***
女1.18(1.10～1.27)***1.32(1.11～1.58)**1.14(0.92～1.43)1.16(0.94～1.42)1.98(1.53～2.57)***
慢性病患病
是1.14(1.10～1.17)***1.32(1.19～1.46)***1.16(1.06～1.27)**1.36(1.21～1.54)***1.43(1.33～1.54)***
否1.21(0.99～1.49)4.21(0.17～10.58)1.26(0.82～1.93)1.31(0.55～3.12)1.00(0.99～1.01)
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833555607827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034446007235043, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间关系的亚组分析［OR值（95%CI）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组社会剥夺感社会经济状况家庭与社会支持政治与社会参与综合性感觉
仅存在焦虑症状性别
男1.13(1.10～1.17)***1.27(1.15～1.41)***1.15(1.06～1.25)***1.36(1.20～1.54)***1.36(1.27～1.46)***
女1.20(1.14～1.26)***1.30(1.14～1.49)***1.20(1.03～1.42)*1.36(1.14～1.63)***1.88(1.57～2.25)***
慢性病患病
是1.20(1.14～1.26)***1.26(1.16～1.36)***1.15(1.06～1.24)***1.32(1.19～1.46)***1.45(1.35～1.55)***
否1.17(1.11～1.24)***1.52(1.18～1.95)***1.40(1.21～1.63)***2.17(1.5d5～3.03)***1.43(1.27～1.62)***
仅存在抑郁症状性别
男1.10(1.07～1.14)***1.23(1.11～1.36)***1.12(1.02～1.22)*1.26(1.13～1.41)***1.29(1.20～1.39)***
女1.07(1.01～1.13)*1.09(0.96～1.25)1.08(0.93～1.26)0.98(0.86～1.11)1.43(1.23～1.66)***
慢性病患病
是1.09(1.06～1.12)***1.14(1.05～1.24)**1.09(1.01～1.18)***1.16(1.06～1.27)***1.35(1.26～1.46)***
否1.10(1.05～1.15)***1.40(1.12～1.75)**1.29(1.11～1.50)***1.13(0.93～1.37)**1.26(1.11～1.42)***
焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存性别
男1.13(1.09～1.17)***1.32(1.16～1.50)***1.10(0.99～1.22)1.40(1.20～1.64)***1.39(1.27～1.51)***
女1.18(1.10～1.27)***1.32(1.11～1.58)**1.14(0.92～1.43)1.16(0.94～1.42)1.98(1.53～2.57)***
慢性病患病
是1.14(1.10～1.17)***1.32(1.19～1.46)***1.16(1.06～1.27)**1.36(1.21～1.54)***1.43(1.33～1.54)***
否1.21(0.99～1.49)4.21(0.17～10.58)1.26(0.82～1.93)1.31(0.55～3.12)1.00(0.99～1.01)
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老年人多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联性研究
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王延 , 刘帅 , 张杰媛 , 冉光权 , 刘丹萍
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(11): 2068-2073
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(11): 2068-2073
老年人多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联性研究
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王延, 刘帅, 张杰媛, 冉光权, 刘丹萍
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041

    • 王延（2001—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

刘丹萍，E-mail:
Research on the relationship between multidimensional social deprivation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly
Yan WANG, Shuai LIU, Jie-yuan ZHANG, Guang-quan RAN, Dan-ping LIU
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501045
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摘要
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目的

探究老年人多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联。

方法

于2023年7月抽取成都市某区533名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查，采用Spearman秩相关分析社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的相关关系，采用多因素二元logistic回归分析老年人社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间的关联。

结果

研究对象焦虑症状、抑郁症状的检出率分别为12.9%、12.8%，焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存的检出率为7.7%；社会剥夺感量表总得分为（45.34±9.30）分；社会剥夺感与抑郁症状（r=0.544，P<0.001）、焦虑症状（r=0.391，P<0.001）均存在正相关关系；社会剥夺感及其各个维度对焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存的影响均表现为危险因素（P<0.001）；社会剥夺感及其各维度在患慢性病的老年人中与焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存相关（P<0.001）。

结论

多维社会剥夺感为老年人焦虑症状、抑郁症状的危险因素，建议实施有针对性的降低社会剥夺感的干预措施，以改善老年人的心理健康水平。

老年人  /  社会剥夺  /  焦虑  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the relationship between multidimensional social deprivation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly.

Methods

In July 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 533 individuals aged 60 and above in a district of Chengdu. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between social deprivation and its dimensions with symptoms of anxiety and depression, while multiple binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between social deprivation and its dimensions with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

The detection rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among the study participants were 12.9% and 12.8%, respectively, with a co-occurrence rate of 7.7%. The total score of the social deprivation scale was (45.34±9.30). There were positive correlations between social deprivation and depression symptoms (r=0.544, P<0.001) as well as anxiety symptoms (r=0.391, P<0.001). Social deprivation and its dimensions were identified as risk factors for both anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms, as well as their co-occurrence (P<0.001). Among elderly individuals with chronic diseases, social deprivation and its dimensions were associated with the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Multidimensional social deprivation is a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms in the elderly. Targeted interventions to reduce social deprivation are recommended to improve the mental health of older adults.

Elderly  /  Social deprivation  /  Anxiety  /  Depression
王延, 刘帅, 张杰媛, 冉光权, 刘丹萍. 老年人多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联性研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2068 -2073 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501045
Yan WANG, Shuai LIU, Jie-yuan ZHANG, Guang-quan RAN, Dan-ping LIU. Research on the relationship between multidimensional social deprivation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 2068 -2073 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501045
正文
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随着人们预期寿命不断延长，全球正面临严峻的老龄化挑战。国家统计局数据显示，截至2023年末，中国60岁及以上老年人占全国人口21.1%[1]，预计到2050年，老年群体总数将达到总人口数的1/3[2]。随着年龄的增长与社会角色的转变，老年人会出现器官功能减退、认知能力下降等诸多生理及心理问题，不仅严重降低老年人生命质量，也给家庭和社会带来经济负担。健康老龄化的议题随之成为社会发展的热点之一，其中老年人的心理问题受到广泛关注。社会剥夺感是人们和参照组的比较而产生的一种自身利益被剥夺的心理情绪和主观感受，是直接作用于人们心理健康的重要心理因素[3]。已有研究表明，社会经济地位、社会疏远及孤独感、政治参与等社会因素不仅会使老年人患慢性病的危险性升高，还会使其产生自卑、不安全的负向情绪，最终导致抑郁等心理疾病发生[4-5]。但既往研究大多集中于经济剥夺、文化剥夺与慢性病、健康行为等的关联研究[6]，目前尚无研究关注多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关系。焦虑症状和抑郁症状往往共存。本研究拟从多维社会剥夺感切入，探索社会剥夺感及其维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存的关联，为今后制定更有针对性的老年人心理健康干预措施提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用便利抽样法，在成都市某区选取符合纳入标准的老年人为研究对象，调查最终回收有效问卷533份，有效回收率为100.0%。纳入标准：年龄60周岁及以上；能够理解调查问卷内容；自愿参加调查并签署知情同意书。排除标准：听力、认知功能障碍。本研究获得四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会的批准（批准号：Gwll2022103）。
1.2　调查工具
1.2.1　一般资料
包括性别、年龄、户籍地、婚姻状况、教育程度、就业状况、家庭人均月收入、社会医疗保险、养老保险、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、身体质量指数（BMI）以及慢性病患病情况。
1.2.2　社会剥夺感
采用项目组前期编制的多维社会剥夺感评价量表测量老年人社会剥夺感[7]。该量表共25个条目，包含4个维度，分别是社会经济状况、家庭与社会支持、政治与社会参与和综合性感觉，量表评分范围20～100分，分数越高表示社会剥夺感程度越严重。根据得分情况将社会剥夺感水平分为无社会剥夺感(≤39分)、轻度社会剥夺感(40～59分)、中度社会剥夺感(60～79分)、重度社会剥夺感(≥80分)。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.894。
1.2.3　焦虑
采用广泛性焦虑自评量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)评估老年人的焦虑水平。该量表由7个条目组成，总分21分，得分5分及以上判定为存在焦虑症状[8]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.913。
1.2.4　抑郁
采用流调中心抑郁水平评定量表（center for epidemiologic studies depression scale-10,CESD-10）评估老年人的抑郁水平。该量表包含10个条目，总分30分，得分10分及以上判定为存在抑郁症状[9]。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.827。
1.3　统计分析
使用R 4.3.3进行统计分析。连续性变量采用（均值±标准差）、分类变量采用n(%)进行描述。采用方差分析进行连续型变量的组间比较，采用χ2检验进行焦虑症状、抑郁症状检出情况的单因素分析。采用Spearman秩相关分析社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间的相关关系。采用多因素二元logistic回归分析老年人社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存之间的关联。将单因素分析显著的变量作为协变量，采用亚组分析探讨不同协变量分组中多维社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间的关系。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　研究对象基本情况
调查老年人平均年龄(70.9±7.1)岁，其中男性251人(47.1%)，女性282人(52.9%)。69人(12.9%)存在焦虑症状，68人(12.8%)存在抑郁症状，41人(7.7%)焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存。多维社会剥夺感总得分为(45.3±9.3)分；各维度得分分别为社会经济状况(15.3±3.3)分、家庭与社会支持(10.4±3.1)分、政治与社会参与(11.0±3.3)分、综合性感觉(8.6±3.0)分。焦虑症状和抑郁症状均不存在的老年人的社会剥夺感得分最低，为(43.6±8.1)分，焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存的老年人的社会剥夺感总得分为(57.0±7.2)分，高于仅存在焦虑症状的(46.4±11.7)分、仅存在抑郁症状的(55.4±7.8)分，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示，焦虑症状、抑郁症状检出情况在不同性别和慢性病患病中的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），而在其他基本特征方面的差异不显著。见表1。
2.2　社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间的相关性分析
结果显示，在控制了性别和慢性病患病情况两个单因素分析显著的变量后，社会剥夺感与焦虑症状（r=0.391，P<0.001）、抑郁症状（r=0.544，P<0.001）均存在正相关关系，社会剥夺感的各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状均存在正相关关系，焦虑症状与抑郁症状同样存在正相关关系（r=0.576，P<0.001）。见表2。
2.3　社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间关联的二元logistic回归分析
在控制性别和慢性病患病情况两个单因素分析显著的变量后，分别以社会剥夺感及其各维度为自变量进行二元logistic回归分析。结果显示，社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存均存在显著关联（P<0.001），且社会剥夺感及其各个维度在上述关联中均表现为危险因素(OR>1,P≤0.001)。见表3。
2.4　社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间关系的亚组分析
对性别和慢性病患病这两个单因素分析显著的变量进行亚组分析。结果显示，在不同性别、是否患慢性病的绝大部分亚组分析结果中，社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状之间仍然存在正相关关联。社会经济状况(OR=1.23，95CI%:1.11～1.36)、家庭与社会支持(OR=1.12，95CI%:1.02～1.22)以及政治与社会参与(OR=1.26，95CI%:1.13～1.41)维度在男性中与仅存抑郁症状存在显著正相关(P<0.05)，而在女性中该关联不显著。社会剥夺感及其各维度在患慢性病的老年人中与焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存之间存在显著关联，而在不患慢性病的老年人中与两症状共存的关联不显著。见表4。
3　讨论
收起
本研究中的老年人社会剥夺感总得分平均为（45.3±9.3）分，其中无社会剥夺感的老年人占27.0%，存在轻度、中度社会剥夺感的老年人分别占66.8%、6.2%，尚未发现存在重度社会剥夺感的老年人，这可能与成都市老年人社会保障体系较为完善以及社会资源分配相对公平有关[10]。本研究中老年人焦虑症状、抑郁症状共存的总检出率为7.7%，稍低于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）报道的全国老年人焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存的总检出率（8.0%）[11]，此外，曾黎等[12]对贵州农村老年人的焦虑症状和抑郁症状的研究发现，该地区老年人两症状共存的总检出率（32.2%）远高于本研究结果，这可能与评估工具以及各地区经济发展水平等因素存在差异有关。
本研究发现社会剥夺感会使老年人焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存的发生风险均显著增加，这一结果同样体现在社会经济状况、家庭与社会支持、政治与社会参与、综合性感觉四个维度。根据Charlotte Helmark等[13]的观察性研究结果，心脏康复患者的社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状相关，韩一凡等[14]的研究显示成年人的经济压力、相对剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状直接关联，上述既往研究可以为本研究结果提供支持。本研究出现这一结果的原因可能是由于社会剥夺感常见于社会经济地位较低、社会支持和社会参与不足等社会不平等的老年群体，社会剥夺感所体现的社会不平等会对老年人的卫生服务资源利用产生不利影响并阻碍其健康相关行为的实施[15]。因此存在社会剥夺感的老年人更易采取吸烟、饮酒等消极的健康行为，同时可能出现睡眠质量下降、认知障碍等不良健康后果[16]，多因素综合作用下导致老年人健康问题持续加剧，最终诱发焦虑症状、抑郁症状发生。目前关于社会剥夺感与焦虑症状、抑郁症状的关联机制尚不清楚，但相关研究可以提供一定参考:人们心理层面感知到的社会孤立能够激活神经内分泌、行为反应等一系列生理活动，从而影响神经内分泌应激轴，致使人体的自主神经调节异常，最终导致焦虑症状、抑郁症状风险增加[17]。
本研究发现在性别、慢性病患病的大多数亚组分析结果中，社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及两症状共存之间仍然存在正相关关联，这一发现强调了社会剥夺感在缓解老年人情绪压力、应对环境冲击方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，政治与社会参与在男性中与抑郁症状以及焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存有显著关联，这一关联在女性中并不显著，这可能与男性的政治参与度较高，对政治沟通和社会事件等相关信息更为敏感有关[18]。此外，在慢性病患病亚组中，社会剥夺感及其各维度与焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存存在正相关关联，而这一关联在不患慢性病的老年人中无统计学意义。既往研究也显示，随着自然衰老，老年人出现机体活动能力下降等生理变化使其患慢性病的风险不断增高，罹患慢性病的老年人不仅要经历疾病带来的疼痛、疲劳等生理不适，同时要面临疾病带来的经济负担和社会参与减少等多方面社会压力，老年人在慢性病和社会剥夺感的双重作用下极易产生消极应对的情绪，从而使焦虑症状和抑郁症状共存的发生风险增加[19]，这提示我们要重点关注慢性病患病情况在老年人心理健康及生命质量中发挥的关键作用。
综上，多维社会剥夺感是老年人焦虑症状、抑郁症状发生的危险因素，因此，改善老年人心理健康水平需要重视从社会经济、家庭支持等多方面降低社会剥夺感。有关部门应持续完善和优化基本的医疗保障和养老保障体系，确保老年人享有稳定的经济支持，提升其晚年生活的安全感与幸福感；社区组织应积极开展志愿服务以及政治民主活动，增强老年人社会参与意识与归属感；医疗机构不仅要做好老年人生理疾病的关注，还应积极提供心理咨询和疏导等服务；同时，家庭成员应给予老年人更多陪伴与关怀，密切关注老年人的心理状态，及时满足老年人的心理健康需求。
本研究的主要局限性：（1）本研究为横断面研究设计，限制了因果关系的推断；（2）研究对象的选择仅限于成都市，限制了研究结果的外推性。
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501045
  • 接收时间：2025-01-04
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-06-10
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系，四川 成都 610041

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genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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