Article(id=1241034445583601813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730563200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815269131, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815269131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815269131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815269131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1992, endPage=1996, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034445902368933, articleId=1241034445583601813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prospective cohort study on the relationship between hemoglobin levels in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) levels in early pregnancy and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods Following the principle of informed consent, data were collected from pregnant women who underwent prenatal care and delivery at ten hospitals and fifteen community health service centers in Kunshan,Jiangsu Province, from August 2019 to June 2021. This included demographic information, medical and family history, reproductive history, physical examinations, and laboratory test results. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis was employed to explore the dose-response relationship between Hb levels and the risk of GDM. Based on the RCS results, Hb levels were categorized into two groups: Hb ≤ 138.4 g/L and Hb > 138.4 g/L. Logistic regression was then used to analyze the relationship between early pregnancy Hb levels and the risk of GDM, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to assess the strength of the association.
Results Totally 9 045 women with singleton pregnancy were included in this study, with an incidence of GDM of 14.72% (n=1 331). The RCS regression results indicated a linear relationship between early pregnancy Hb levels and the risk of GDM (overall trend test: P=0.013, non-linear test: P=0.396). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that women with Hb > 138.4 g/L had a higher risk of GDM compared to those with Hb ≤ 138.4 g/L, with an adjusted OR of 1.214 (95%CI: 1.021-1.445).
Conclusion Elevated Hb level in early pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of GDM.
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目的 探讨孕早期血红蛋白(Hb)水平与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发生的关系。
方法 根据知情同意原则,收集2019年8月—2021年6月在江苏省昆山市10家医院和15个社区卫生服务中心进行产检建卡及分娩孕妇的资料,包括人口学信息、疾病史和家族史、生育史、体格检查及实验室检查资料等。根据孕期口服糖耐量试验的结果对GDM进行诊断。利用限制性立方样条(RCS)回归探索Hb与GDM发病风险的剂量反应关系,根据RCS的结果将Hb分成两类,即Hb≤138.4g/L和Hb>138.4g/L,并采用logistic回归分析孕早期Hb水平与GDM发病风险的关系,计算优势比OR值及其95%可信区间(95%CI)衡量关联度大小。
结果 本次分析纳入9 045例单胎妊娠妇女,GDM的发病率为14.72%(n=1 331)。RCS回归结果表明孕早期Hb水平与GDM的危险呈线性关系(总趋势检验:P=0.013,非线性检验:P= 0.396)。多因素logistic回归显示,与孕早期Hb≤138.4g/L者相比,Hb>138.4g/L者GDM发病风险更高,调整后的OR= 1.214(95%CI:1.021~1.445)。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hvTxbg9IkPGhtZDIzzZv8g==, magXml=hRnFoyXzxYPEWO1qwhR3Mg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1r2eCwlQj3Ovo8F8JEPZKQ==, pdfFileSize=650589, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zeKdGHN5O/9lJ8c5VFc78A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=d7PyBtLu1bZflvIlHgA+hg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
祁策(2004—),男,本科在读,研究方向:慢性病流行病学,
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2022,
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1.苏州大学医学院公共卫生学院 流行病与卫生统计学系,江苏 苏州 215123)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241050825213137813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050825217332118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, companyId=1241050825213137813, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.昆山市妇幼保健院 群体保健科,江苏 昆山 215300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050832989376762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Restricted cubic spline analysis for the relationship between Hb and GDM risk, figureFileSmall=ojtsHgT8hUflaOJR1AA5+g==, figureFileBig=23Wgr4LOP3sgGNvf4ktQ/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050833282978050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
血红蛋白与GDM发病风险的RCS, figureFileSmall=ojtsHgT8hUflaOJR1AA5+g==, figureFileBig=23Wgr4LOP3sgGNvf4ktQ/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241050833475916048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of baseline characteristics between GDM group and normal glucose tolerance group [n(%),M(IQR)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | GDM组(n=1 331) | 糖耐量正常组(n=7 714) | 统计量 | P值 |
|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 29(26,31) | 28(25,30) | 9.29 | <0.001 |
| 胎次(次) | | | 5.87 | 0.015 |
| 1 | 397(29.83) | 2 561(33.20) | | |
| ≥2 | 934(70.17) | 5 153(66.80) | | |
| 产次(次) | | | 15.97 | <0.001 |
| 0 | 556(41.77) | 3 679(47.69) | | |
| 1 | 775(58.23) | 4 035(52.31) | | |
| 文化程度 | | | 1.77 | 0.412 |
| 初中及以下 | 478(35.91) | 2 714(35.18) | | |
| 高中/中专 | 295(22.16) | 1 622(21.30) | | |
| 大专及以上 | 558(41.92) | 3 378(43.79) | | |
| 孕前BMI(kg/m2) | 22.31(20.31,24.64) | 21.00(19.40,23.05) | 13.67 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 4.76(4.44,5.03) | 4.53(4.27,4.80) | 16.07 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检Hb(g/L) | 130 (122,136) | 128(122,134) | 6.12 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检血小板(×109/L) | 227(195,263) | 219(191,254) | 4.27 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检白细胞(×109/L) | 8(6,10) | 8(6,10) | 6.64 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检收缩压(mm Hg) | 110(102,118) | 108(100,115) | 8.30 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检舒张压(mm Hg) | 73(67,78) | 70(65,76) | 7.41 | <0.001 |
| 妊娠期高血压疾病 | 74(5.56) | 263(3.41) | 14.63 | <0.001 |
| 糖尿病家族史 | 10(0.75) | 43(0.56) | 0.73 | 0.392 |
| 孕14周之前的甲状腺疾病史 | 54(4.06) | 302(3.95) | 0.06 | 0.806 |
| OGTT 时空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 5.18(4.78,5.43) | 4.36(4.07,4.59) | 46.03 | <0.001 |
| OGTT 1 h血糖(mmol/L) | 9.20(7.90,10.28) | 6.80(6.00,7.70) | 39.26 | <0.001 |
| OGTT 2 h血糖(mmol/L) | 8.00(6.77,8.90) | 6.14(5.52,6.80) | 38.07 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833622716693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
GDM组与糖耐量正常组基线资料比较[n(%),M(IQR)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | GDM组(n=1 331) | 糖耐量正常组(n=7 714) | 统计量 | P值 |
|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 29(26,31) | 28(25,30) | 9.29 | <0.001 |
| 胎次(次) | | | 5.87 | 0.015 |
| 1 | 397(29.83) | 2 561(33.20) | | |
| ≥2 | 934(70.17) | 5 153(66.80) | | |
| 产次(次) | | | 15.97 | <0.001 |
| 0 | 556(41.77) | 3 679(47.69) | | |
| 1 | 775(58.23) | 4 035(52.31) | | |
| 文化程度 | | | 1.77 | 0.412 |
| 初中及以下 | 478(35.91) | 2 714(35.18) | | |
| 高中/中专 | 295(22.16) | 1 622(21.30) | | |
| 大专及以上 | 558(41.92) | 3 378(43.79) | | |
| 孕前BMI(kg/m2) | 22.31(20.31,24.64) | 21.00(19.40,23.05) | 13.67 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 4.76(4.44,5.03) | 4.53(4.27,4.80) | 16.07 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检Hb(g/L) | 130 (122,136) | 128(122,134) | 6.12 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检血小板(×109/L) | 227(195,263) | 219(191,254) | 4.27 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检白细胞(×109/L) | 8(6,10) | 8(6,10) | 6.64 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检收缩压(mm Hg) | 110(102,118) | 108(100,115) | 8.30 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检舒张压(mm Hg) | 73(67,78) | 70(65,76) | 7.41 | <0.001 |
| 妊娠期高血压疾病 | 74(5.56) | 263(3.41) | 14.63 | <0.001 |
| 糖尿病家族史 | 10(0.75) | 43(0.56) | 0.73 | 0.392 |
| 孕14周之前的甲状腺疾病史 | 54(4.06) | 302(3.95) | 0.06 | 0.806 |
| OGTT 时空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 5.18(4.78,5.43) | 4.36(4.07,4.59) | 46.03 | <0.001 |
| OGTT 1 h血糖(mmol/L) | 9.20(7.90,10.28) | 6.80(6.00,7.70) | 39.26 | <0.001 |
| OGTT 2 h血糖(mmol/L) | 8.00(6.77,8.90) | 6.14(5.52,6.80) | 38.07 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833874374939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The OGTT glucose values and GDM incidence across Hb-stratified groups [IQR,n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hb分组(g/L) | OGTT(mmol/L) | GDM |
|---|
| 空腹血糖 | 1h血糖 | 2h血糖 |
|---|
| ≤138.4(n=7 968) | 4.40(4.11,4.71) | 7.01(6.00,8.00) | 6.35(5.60,7.14) | 1 121(14.07) |
| >138.4(n=1 077) | 4.45(4.19,4.80) | 7.24(6.36,8.40) | 6.40(5.64,7.27) | 210(19.50) |
| 统计量 | 4.31 | 5.54 | 4.12 | 22.29 |
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241050833991815462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
Hb不同水平组的OGTT血糖值及GDM发病率[IQR,n(%)]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hb分组(g/L) | OGTT(mmol/L) | GDM |
|---|
| 空腹血糖 | 1h血糖 | 2h血糖 |
|---|
| ≤138.4(n=7 968) | 4.40(4.11,4.71) | 7.01(6.00,8.00) | 6.35(5.60,7.14) | 1 121(14.07) |
| >138.4(n=1 077) | 4.45(4.19,4.80) | 7.24(6.36,8.40) | 6.40(5.64,7.27) | 210(19.50) |
| 统计量 | 4.31 | 5.54 | 4.12 | 22.29 |
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241050834147004724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Logistic regression analysis for the association of GDM with Hb at the first-trimester
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 单因素 | 多因素 |
|---|
| OR值(95%CI) | P值 | OR值(95%CI) | P值 |
|---|
| 首次产检Hb(g/L) | | | | |
| ≤138.4 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| >138.4 | 1.479(1.256~1.742) | <0.001 | 1.214(1.021~1.445) | 0.028 |
| 母亲年龄(岁) | 1.089(1.069~1.109) | <0.001 | 1.085(1.062~1.108) | <0.001 |
| 产次(次) | | | | |
| 0 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| ≥1 | 1.271(1.130~1.430) | <0.001 | 0.954(0.833~1.093) | 0.501 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 1.130(1.111~1.150) | <0.001 | 1.088(1.067~1.109) | <0.001 |
| 首次产检空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 3.379(2.909~3.926) | <0.001 | 3.168(2.715~3.695) | <0.001 |
| 首次产检血小板(×109/L) | 1.002(1.001~1.003) | 0.001 | 1.000(0.999~1.001) | 0.790 |
| 首次产检白细胞(×109/L) | 1.074(1.049~1.099) | <0.001 | 1.062 1.035 1.090 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检收缩压(mm Hg) | 1.025(1.019~1.031) | <0.001 | 1.013 1.006 1.019 | <0.001 |
| 妊娠期高血压疾病 | | | | |
| 否 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| 是 | 1.668(1.280~2.173) | 0.001 | 1.046(0.784~1.395) | 0.760 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241050834381885757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034445583601813, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
孕早期Hb与GDM发病关系的logistic回归分析结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 单因素 | 多因素 |
|---|
| OR值(95%CI) | P值 | OR值(95%CI) | P值 |
|---|
| 首次产检Hb(g/L) | | | | |
| ≤138.4 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| >138.4 | 1.479(1.256~1.742) | <0.001 | 1.214(1.021~1.445) | 0.028 |
| 母亲年龄(岁) | 1.089(1.069~1.109) | <0.001 | 1.085(1.062~1.108) | <0.001 |
| 产次(次) | | | | |
| 0 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| ≥1 | 1.271(1.130~1.430) | <0.001 | 0.954(0.833~1.093) | 0.501 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 1.130(1.111~1.150) | <0.001 | 1.088(1.067~1.109) | <0.001 |
| 首次产检空腹血糖(mmol/L) | 3.379(2.909~3.926) | <0.001 | 3.168(2.715~3.695) | <0.001 |
| 首次产检血小板(×109/L) | 1.002(1.001~1.003) | 0.001 | 1.000(0.999~1.001) | 0.790 |
| 首次产检白细胞(×109/L) | 1.074(1.049~1.099) | <0.001 | 1.062 1.035 1.090 | <0.001 |
| 首次产检收缩压(mm Hg) | 1.025(1.019~1.031) | <0.001 | 1.013 1.006 1.019 | <0.001 |
| 妊娠期高血压疾病 | | | | |
| 否 | 1.000(参比组) | | 1.000(参比组) | |
| 是 | 1.668(1.280~2.173) | 0.001 | 1.046(0.784~1.395) | 0.760 |
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