Article(id=1241034443012501808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412195, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733846400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773815268519, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773815268519, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773815268519, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815268519, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241034441380917539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773815268130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815340947, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241034746873049766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241034441380917539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1974, endPage=1979, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241034443339657528, articleId=1241034443012501808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Exposure assessment of quinolone residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province from 2019 to 2023, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of quinolone veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province and assess the dietary exposure risk.

Methods

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 818 samples of animal-derived foods were collected from nine cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province to monitor quinolone veterinary drug residues.The average, maximum, P50, and P97.5 values were calculated, and dietary exposure risk was assessed using the point estimate method in conjunction with food intake data from the western region of China.

Results

Different levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were detected in pork, chicken, eggs, freshwater fish, and freshwater shrimp. The detection rates for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were 5.50% (45/818), 2.44% (20/818), 0.37% (3/818),and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. The dietary exposure levels of quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods for different age groups were 0.06 to 5 300.22 ng/(kg·d) (3-5 years), 0.09 to 5 981.67 ng/(kg·d) (6-11 years), 0.05 to 4 080.37 ng/(kg·d) (12-17 years), 0.04 to 2,812.93 ng/(kg·d) (18-59 years), and 0.04 to 2 370.91 ng/(kg·d) (≥60 years). The risk ratios corresponding to the average, maximum, P50, and P97.5 values for enrofloxacin and ofloxacin ranged from 0.0 003 to 0.9 941.

Conclusion

The risk of dietary exposure to quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods in the Guizhou population is low; however, attention should be paid to the 3-11 age group.

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目的

探究贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留污染状况,评估其膳食暴露风险。

方法

2019—2023年在贵州省9个市(州)采集818份市售动物源性食品,监测喹诺酮类兽药残留情况,计算平均值、最大值、P50P97.5,再结合中国西部地区食物摄入量数据,利用点评估方法进行膳食暴露风险评估。

结果

恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星在猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋、淡水鱼和淡水虾中有不同程度的检出。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星检出率分别为5.50%(45/818)、2.44%(20/818)、0.37%(3/818)和0.61%(5/818)。3~5岁、6~11岁、12~17岁、18~59岁、≥60岁人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量分别为0.06~5 300.22、0.09~5 981.67、0.05~4 080.37、0.04~2 812.93和0.04~2 370.91 ng/(kg·d)。恩诺沙星及氧氟沙星的平均值、最大值、P50P97.5所对应的危害商范围为0.000 3~0.994 1。

结论

贵州省人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的风险较低,但3~11岁人群需引起关注。

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王娅芳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=zUABzVRji0C2oVHKk5LL3g==, magXml=mx5nuT0Eo/0UWDM017+MWQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5qh01i3eecXHUV/Z/foa5A==, pdfFileSize=610784, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wXC52tj1acPPVe4a+HrDbA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨琪(1992—),男,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全

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Analysis and risk assessment of 6 quinolones residues in aquatic products in Zhejiang province from 2018 to 2019[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(5): 2011-2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis and risk assessment of 6 quinolones residues in aquatic products in Zhejiang province from 2018 to 2019, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241050840228754390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, awardId=gzwkj2024-500, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-500), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241050840430080996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, awardId=2023-E-5青, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省疾病预防控制中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-5青), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241050829860434381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050829881405904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, companyId=1241050829860434381, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241050829893988817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, companyId=1241050829860434381, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241050837221438306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Residue levels of veterinary quinolones in commercially available animal derived foods from Guizhou Province [μg/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药种类平均值最大值P50P90P97.5
动物源性食品
恩诺沙星6.901 610.000.303.0017.42
环丙沙星2.12313.000.303.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星9.021 923.000.606.0018.89
培氟沙星1.356.000.303.003.00
氧氟沙星0.8540.300.301.003.00
肉类食品
恩诺沙星9.531 610.001.001.001.30
环丙沙星3.39313.003.003.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星12.921 923.004.004.004.30
培氟沙星1.836.003.003.003.00
氧氟沙星0.9040.301.001.001.00
蛋类食品
恩诺沙星0.8784.200.301.001.00
环丙沙星0.9127.400.303.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.78111.600.604.004.00
氧氟沙星0.440.210.301.001.00
鱼虾类食品
恩诺沙星10.48265.001.0013.67126.43
环丙沙星1.5217.101.003.004.69
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星12.00270.032.0016.55140.62
氧氟沙星1.3316.700.303.003.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241050837510845299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留水平[μg/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药种类平均值最大值P50P90P97.5
动物源性食品
恩诺沙星6.901 610.000.303.0017.42
环丙沙星2.12313.000.303.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星9.021 923.000.606.0018.89
培氟沙星1.356.000.303.003.00
氧氟沙星0.8540.300.301.003.00
肉类食品
恩诺沙星9.531 610.001.001.001.30
环丙沙星3.39313.003.003.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星12.921 923.004.004.004.30
培氟沙星1.836.003.003.003.00
氧氟沙星0.9040.301.001.001.00
蛋类食品
恩诺沙星0.8784.200.301.001.00
环丙沙星0.9127.400.303.003.00
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.78111.600.604.004.00
氧氟沙星0.440.210.301.001.00
鱼虾类食品
恩诺沙星10.48265.001.0013.67126.43
环丙沙星1.5217.101.003.004.69
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星12.00270.032.0016.55140.62
氧氟沙星1.3316.700.303.003.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241050837724754812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Dietary exposure levels of veterinary quinolones through meat consumption among different age groups in Guizhou Province[ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星26.254 437.522.763.59
环丙沙星9.35862.708.278.27
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星35.615 300.2211.0211.86
培氟沙星5.0316.548.278.27
氧氟沙星2.48111.082.762.76
6~11恩诺沙星29.635 008.053.114.05
环丙沙星10.56973.619.339.33
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星40.195 981.6712.4413.38
培氟沙星5.6818.669.339.33
氧氟沙星2.80125.363.113.11
12~17恩诺沙星20.213 416.222.122.76
环丙沙星7.20664.156.376.37
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星27.414 080.378.499.13
培氟沙星3.8712.736.376.37
氧氟沙星1.9185.512.122.12
18~59恩诺沙星13.932 355.081.461.91
环丙沙星4.96457.854.394.39
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星18.902 812.935.856.29
培氟沙星2.678.784.394.39
氧氟沙星1.3258.951.461.46
≥60恩诺沙星11.741 985.011.231.61
环丙沙星4.18385.913.703.70
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星15.932 370.914.935.30
培氟沙星2.257.403.703.70
氧氟沙星1.1149.691.231.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241050837850583939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贵州省不同年龄人群经肉类食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量[ ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星26.254 437.522.763.59
环丙沙星9.35862.708.278.27
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星35.615 300.2211.0211.86
培氟沙星5.0316.548.278.27
氧氟沙星2.48111.082.762.76
6~11恩诺沙星29.635 008.053.114.05
环丙沙星10.56973.619.339.33
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星40.195 981.6712.4413.38
培氟沙星5.6818.669.339.33
氧氟沙星2.80125.363.113.11
12~17恩诺沙星20.213 416.222.122.76
环丙沙星7.20664.156.376.37
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星27.414 080.378.499.13
培氟沙星3.8712.736.376.37
氧氟沙星1.9185.512.122.12
18~59恩诺沙星13.932 355.081.461.91
环丙沙星4.96457.854.394.39
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星18.902 812.935.856.29
培氟沙星2.678.784.394.39
氧氟沙星1.3258.951.461.46
≥60恩诺沙星11.741 985.011.231.61
环丙沙星4.18385.913.703.70
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星15.932 370.914.935.30
培氟沙星2.257.403.703.70
氧氟沙星1.1149.691.231.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838001578889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Dietary exposure levels of veterinary quinolones through egg consumption among different age groups in Guizhou Province[ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星0.6360.940.220.72
环丙沙星0.6619.830.222.17
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.2980.780.432.90
氧氟沙星0.320.150.220.72
6~11恩诺沙星0.7976.860.270.91
环丙沙星0.8325.010.272.74
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.62101.870.553.65
氧氟沙星0.400.190.270.91
12~17恩诺沙星0.4442.230.150.50
环丙沙星0.4613.740.151.50
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.8955.970.302.01
氧氟沙星0.220.110.150.50
18~59恩诺沙星0.1918.260.070.22
环丙沙星0.205.940.070.65
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.3924.200.130.87
氧氟沙星0.090.050.070.22
≥60恩诺沙星0.2018.870.070.22
环丙沙星0.206.140.070.67
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.4025.020.130.90
氧氟沙星0.100.050.070.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838194516884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

贵州省不同年龄人群经蛋类食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量[ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星0.6360.940.220.72
环丙沙星0.6619.830.222.17
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.2980.780.432.90
氧氟沙星0.320.150.220.72
6~11恩诺沙星0.7976.860.270.91
环丙沙星0.8325.010.272.74
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.62101.870.553.65
氧氟沙星0.400.190.270.91
12~17恩诺沙星0.4442.230.150.50
环丙沙星0.4613.740.151.50
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.8955.970.302.01
氧氟沙星0.220.110.150.50
18~59恩诺沙星0.1918.260.070.22
环丙沙星0.205.940.070.65
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.3924.200.130.87
氧氟沙星0.090.050.070.22
≥60恩诺沙星0.2018.870.070.22
环丙沙星0.206.140.070.67
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.4025.020.130.90
氧氟沙星0.100.050.070.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838475535265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Dietary exposure levels of veterinary quinolones through aquatic product consumption among different age groups in Guizhou Province [ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星2.0652.170.2024.89
环丙沙星0.303.370.200.92
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星2.3653.160.3927.68
氧氟沙星0.263.290.060.59
6~11恩诺沙星3.0978.150.2937.28
环丙沙星0.455.040.291.38
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星3.5479.630.5941.47
氧氟沙星0.394.920.090.88
12~17恩诺沙星1.6341.300.1619.70
环丙沙星0.242.660.160.73
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.8742.080.3121.91
氧氟沙星0.212.600.050.47
18~59恩诺沙星1.4636.880.1417.59
环丙沙星0.212.380.140.65
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.6737.580.2819.57
氧氟沙星0.192.320.040.42
≥60恩诺沙星1.2331.090.1214.83
环丙沙星0.182.010.120.55
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.4131.680.2316.50
氧氟沙星0.161.960.040.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838597170091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

贵州省不同年龄人群经鱼虾类食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量[ng/(kg·d)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星2.0652.170.2024.89
环丙沙星0.303.370.200.92
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星2.3653.160.3927.68
氧氟沙星0.263.290.060.59
6~11恩诺沙星3.0978.150.2937.28
环丙沙星0.455.040.291.38
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星3.5479.630.5941.47
氧氟沙星0.394.920.090.88
12~17恩诺沙星1.6341.300.1619.70
环丙沙星0.242.660.160.73
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.8742.080.3121.91
氧氟沙星0.212.600.050.47
18~59恩诺沙星1.4636.880.1417.59
环丙沙星0.212.380.140.65
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.6737.580.2819.57
氧氟沙星0.192.320.040.42
≥60恩诺沙星1.2331.090.1214.83
环丙沙星0.182.010.120.55
恩诺沙星+环丙沙星1.4131.680.2316.50
氧氟沙星0.161.960.040.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241050838781719476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Hazard quotient of dietary exposure to veterinary quinolones through animal derived foods consumption among different age groups in Guizhou Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.006 30.876 50.001 90.006 8
氧氟沙星0.000 60.022 90.000 60.000 8
6~11恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.007 30.994 10.002 20.009 4
氧氟沙星0.000 70.026 10.000 70.001 0
12~17恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.004 90.673 90.001 50.005 3
氧氟沙星0.000 50.017 60.000 50.000 6
18~59恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.003 40.463 70.001 00.004 3
氧氟沙星0.000 30.012 30.000 30.000 4
≥60恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.002 90.391 60.000 90.003 7
氧氟沙星0.000 30.010 30.000 30.000 4
), ArticleFig(id=1241050839196955581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241034443012501808, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

贵州省不同年龄人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露HQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)兽药种类平均值最大值P50P97.5
3~5恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.006 30.876 50.001 90.006 8
氧氟沙星0.000 60.022 90.000 60.000 8
6~11恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.007 30.994 10.002 20.009 4
氧氟沙星0.000 70.026 10.000 70.001 0
12~17恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.004 90.673 90.001 50.005 3
氧氟沙星0.000 50.017 60.000 50.000 6
18~59恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.003 40.463 70.001 00.004 3
氧氟沙星0.000 30.012 30.000 30.000 4
≥60恩诺沙星+环丙沙星0.002 90.391 60.000 90.003 7
氧氟沙星0.000 30.010 30.000 30.000 4
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2019—2023年贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留暴露评估
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杨琪 , 王娅芳 , 李磊 , 刘琳 , 张黎黎 , 廖鸿霞 , 吕晓丹
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(11): 1974-1979
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(11): 1974-1979
2019—2023年贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留暴露评估
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杨琪, 王娅芳 , 李磊, 刘琳, 张黎黎, 廖鸿霞, 吕晓丹
作者信息
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004
  • 杨琪(1992—),男,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:食品安全

通讯作者:

王娅芳,E-mail:
Exposure assessment of quinolone residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province from 2019 to 2023
Qi YANG, Ya-fang WANG , Lei LI, Lin LIU, Li-li ZHANG, Hong-xia LIAO, Xiao-dan LV
Affiliations
  • Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412195
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目的

探究贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留污染状况,评估其膳食暴露风险。

方法

2019—2023年在贵州省9个市(州)采集818份市售动物源性食品,监测喹诺酮类兽药残留情况,计算平均值、最大值、P50P97.5,再结合中国西部地区食物摄入量数据,利用点评估方法进行膳食暴露风险评估。

结果

恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星在猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋、淡水鱼和淡水虾中有不同程度的检出。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星检出率分别为5.50%(45/818)、2.44%(20/818)、0.37%(3/818)和0.61%(5/818)。3~5岁、6~11岁、12~17岁、18~59岁、≥60岁人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量分别为0.06~5 300.22、0.09~5 981.67、0.05~4 080.37、0.04~2 812.93和0.04~2 370.91 ng/(kg·d)。恩诺沙星及氧氟沙星的平均值、最大值、P50P97.5所对应的危害商范围为0.000 3~0.994 1。

结论

贵州省人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的风险较低,但3~11岁人群需引起关注。

动物源性食品  /  喹诺酮  /  膳食暴露  /  点评估
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of quinolone veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province and assess the dietary exposure risk.

Methods

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 818 samples of animal-derived foods were collected from nine cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province to monitor quinolone veterinary drug residues.The average, maximum, P50, and P97.5 values were calculated, and dietary exposure risk was assessed using the point estimate method in conjunction with food intake data from the western region of China.

Results

Different levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were detected in pork, chicken, eggs, freshwater fish, and freshwater shrimp. The detection rates for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin were 5.50% (45/818), 2.44% (20/818), 0.37% (3/818),and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. The dietary exposure levels of quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods for different age groups were 0.06 to 5 300.22 ng/(kg·d) (3-5 years), 0.09 to 5 981.67 ng/(kg·d) (6-11 years), 0.05 to 4 080.37 ng/(kg·d) (12-17 years), 0.04 to 2,812.93 ng/(kg·d) (18-59 years), and 0.04 to 2 370.91 ng/(kg·d) (≥60 years). The risk ratios corresponding to the average, maximum, P50, and P97.5 values for enrofloxacin and ofloxacin ranged from 0.0 003 to 0.9 941.

Conclusion

The risk of dietary exposure to quinolone veterinary drugs through animal-derived foods in the Guizhou population is low; however, attention should be paid to the 3-11 age group.

Animal-derived foods  /  Quinolones  /  Dietary exposure  /  Point estimate
杨琪, 王娅芳, 李磊, 刘琳, 张黎黎, 廖鸿霞, 吕晓丹. 2019—2023年贵州省市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留暴露评估. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (11) : 1974 -1979 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412195
Qi YANG, Ya-fang WANG, Lei LI, Lin LIU, Li-li ZHANG, Hong-xia LIAO, Xiao-dan LV. Exposure assessment of quinolone residues in animal-derived foods sold in Guizhou Province from 2019 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (11) : 1974 -1979 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412195
社会经济水平的持续改善,使城乡居民的膳食模式呈现出与以往不同的特征,随着动物性食品如肉类、蛋类和乳制品在饮食结构中的比重逐渐上升,其质量安全及兽药残留问题已引起社会广泛关注。在畜牧业中,兽药的使用对于疾病预防和治疗是不可或缺的。然而,部分农场和养殖户在使用兽药时缺乏严格规范,导致药物滥用现象时有发生[1]。现代畜牧业生产过程中普遍使用的兽用抗生素,其残留物通过食物链在人体内蓄积,长期的摄入会导致多种急慢性中毒、细菌耐药性、过敏、致癌等问题[2]。此外,禁用兽药也是影响动物性食品安全的另一个问题。近年来,兽药和禁用药物在畜禽肉、鸡蛋、水产品中的检出情况日益引起人们的关注[3-8]。目前市面上的喹诺酮类药物超过20种,涵盖四代分类体系(如诺氟沙星、莫西沙星等),在人类医学中广泛用于呼吸道、泌尿生殖道及消化道感染,如环丙沙星是全球处方量最大的品种之一。喹诺酮类是以4-喹诺酮为骨架的合成抗菌药,归类为吡酮酸类抗生素,对革兰阴性菌和支原体抑制作用显著,其通过抑制DNA回旋酶发挥广谱杀菌作用,具有起效快、交叉耐药性低、安全性高的特点,也广泛应用于畜禽疫病防控及生长调节。代表药物包括恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星及新型衍生物二氟沙星、沙拉沙星等。然而,畜牧养殖中滥用导致药物通过动物源性食品蓄积于人体,引发多重耐药菌进化风险,并可能干扰细胞代谢,存在致畸、致癌等潜在毒性。残留药物经生物富集后,或通过诱导基因突变、胚胎异常及肿瘤形成威胁公共健康安全[9]。动物源性食品中抗生素残留问题需引起关注,目前在国内关于动物源性食品中兽药残留风险评价的研究较少,多为兽药残留检测方面的报道[10-11],关于兽药残留的系统性风险评估研究仍显不足,对于贵州省动物源性食品质量安全状况的研究也几乎没有。为了解贵州省市售动物源性食品的基本质量安全现状,本文分析了2019—2023年贵州省市售动物源性食品中四种喹诺酮类兽药残留状况,通过点评估模型系统分析其在动物源性食品的潜在风险,为质量安全及监管体系优化提供科学支撑。
本研究根据贵州省年度食品安全风险监测要求,采用分层随机抽样方法进行样本采集。首先,系统调研了监测区域内零售终端的空间分布特征,包括大型商超、社区便利店及农贸市场等主要销售渠道的经营规模、网点密度及其销售特点等基础数据。在此基础上,结合区域经济发展水平、居民膳食结构及消费偏好等影响因素,科学确定抽样方案。为确保样本的代表性与时效性,重点选取消费频次较高且具有区域特色的食品品类,同时保证样本量满足实验室检测及复核需求。研究范围涵盖贵州省9个地级行政区和88个县级行政区,实现了全省县域单元的全覆盖。样本采集工作主要在各类食品流通环节开展,包括区域性农副产品批发市场、社区农贸市场、连锁超市及独立零售店铺等。共采集鸡肉202份、猪肉148份、鸡蛋270份、淡水鱼132份、淡水虾66份。
本研究依据年度《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》对市售动物源性食品中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星和氧氟沙星等喹诺酮类兽药指标进行检测,对兽药残留情况,包括样品检出率、超标率等,使用Excel 2010进行统计分析。参照GB 31650—2019及GB 31650.1—2022对动物源性食品中兽药残留检测结果进行评价。基于世界卫生组织GEMS/Food技术会议修订的《低浓度污染物可信评估指南》,在食品安全监测数据分析阶段需建立未检出项的插值规范。当样本中未检出率低于临界阈值(60%)时,采用检测限中位值(LOD×0.5)进行数据校准;若未检出率突破该阈值,则统一使用完整检测限值进行赋值[12]
在开展暴露评估工作时,本研究参照FAO/WHO联合发布的《食品中化学物风险评估的原则和方法》,采用点评估模型开展膳食暴露评估[13],公式如下:
式中建立的膳食暴露评估模型中,EDI[每日暴露剂量,单位mg/(kg·d)]表征单位体重兽药残留摄入量。计算参数体系包含:喹诺酮类兽药在特定食品中的残留浓度(Ci,单位mg/kg)、对应食品的日平均消费量(Xi,单位kg/d)以及人体标准体重(BW,单位kg)。在本研究中,有关膳食消费量与体重的数据,参考了《2015-2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测报告》里中西部地区不同年龄段居民对于畜类、禽类、鱼虾类以及蛋类的食物摄入量数据,以及相应的平均体重数据。
本研究运用危害商(hazard quotient,HQ)这一指标,对市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮类兽药残留给人群健康带来的风险程度展开评估。在健康风险评估模型中,HQ作为关键性判别指标,其阈值效应遵循以下原则:当HQ≤1时,表明通过食物链暴露于喹诺酮类兽药残留对人体产生的潜在健康风险处于安全阈值之下;若HQ>1,则提示存在不可忽视的暴露风险,且风险等级与HQ数值呈显著正相关。本评估体系采用的毒理学参考值来源于国际食品法典委员会(CAC)制定的每日允许摄入量(ADI)。在本文的评估过程中,依据兽药残留每日允许摄入量的国家标准(GB 31650—2019、GB 31650.1—2022)开展评价工作,经查询,恩诺沙星及环丙沙星合计每日允许摄入量为6.2 μg/(kg·d),氧氟沙星的每日允许摄入量为5.0 μg/(kg·d)。由于未能获取培氟沙星的每日允许摄入量,因此不对其进行HQ值的评价分析。
HQ计算公式为:
监测结果表明,贵州省市售动物源性食品中的喹诺酮类兽药恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星和氧氟沙星检出率分别为5.50%(45/818)、2.44%(20/818)、0.37%(3/818)和0.61%(5/818)。在肉类、蛋类和鱼虾类食品中均检出氧氟沙星、环丙沙星及恩诺沙星;培氟沙星仅在肉类食品中检出。根据GB-31650-2019及GB-31650.1-2022规定在猪肉、鱼肉、家禽肉以及其他动物肉类中,恩诺沙星和环丙沙星这两种残留标志物的总含量不得超过100 μg/kg、禽蛋中限量为10 μg/kg,规定培氟沙星和氧氟沙星限量为2 μg/kg。恩诺沙星的总样品超标率为1.34%(11/818),其中鸡蛋和肉类各2份,鱼虾类7份,培氟沙星的总样品超标率为0.24%(2/818),氧氟沙星的总样品超标率0.37%(3/818)。肉类、蛋类和鱼虾类食品中喹诺酮类抗生素检出率分别为5.71%(20/350)、2.60%(7/270)和12.63%(25/198),其中15份样品同时检出2种抗生素,2份样品同时检出4种抗生素。
采用P50P90P97.5,对数据展开描述性分析,兼顾平均值与最大值。从表1可知,蛋类、肉类、鱼虾类食品中都检测出恩诺沙星及其代谢物环丙沙星,且鱼虾类和肉类的残留水平高于蛋类。此外,肉类食品的抗生素种类与另两类有别,其中培氟沙星在蛋类和鱼虾类中未检出,而肉类食品中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星和氧氟沙星均有检出。
表24可知,各年龄段群体通过肉类食品摄入恩诺沙星的暴露量高于蛋类及鱼虾类食品,其中学龄期儿童(3~11岁)通过肉类食品摄入恩诺沙星的膳食暴露量相对较高。整体来看,3~5岁、6~11岁、12~17岁、18~59岁、≥60岁群体通过市售动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类兽药的膳食暴露量分别为0.06~5 300.22、0.09~5 981.67、0.05~4 080.37、0.04~2 812.93和0.04~2 370.91 ng/(kg·d)。恩诺沙星的膳食暴露量高于培氟沙星及氧氟沙星,膳食暴露风险相对高一些。
表5可见,恩诺沙星及氧氟沙星的平均值、最大值、P50P97.5所对应的HQ值范围为0.000 3~0.994 1。鉴于现行国家标准中并未给出培氟沙星的ADI数值,故本研究暂不使用点评估模型对培氟沙星进行膳食暴露评估。
国际社会普遍关注动物源性食品中抗生素兽药残留问题。当下,研究人员检测畜禽肉、蛋类、水产品等时,均发现存在喹诺酮类兽药残留现象,凸显该问题的普遍性与严重性。Uchida等[14]于淡水鱼生物样本中检出喹诺酮类抗生素。Varol等[15]于水库采集的鱼样本中检出喹诺酮类抗生素恩诺沙星和氧氟沙星。2019—2020年,针对河南省动物源性食品展开的检测结果显示,喹诺酮类抗生素的检出率为7.5%[16]。浙江省2018—2019年养殖水产品监测数据显示,喹诺酮类抗生素的检出率在0~24.2%之间[17]。2019—2023年对贵州省市售动物源性食品监测显示,喹诺酮类抗生素兽药残留检出率为6.36%(52/818),这表明此类残留污染较普遍,不过受监测地区、时间、方法及用药习惯等因素影响,地区间检出率存在差异。本次监测的三类动物源性食品检出率高低排序为鱼虾类>肉类>蛋类,总超标率为1.83%(15/818),这表明养殖中存在不遵休药期、过量与超范围用抗生素现象,部分样品检出两种及以上喹诺酮类残留,反映存在联合用药情况,提示需关注其联合暴露风险。评估结果显示,各年龄段群体中喹诺酮类兽药残留暴露量最大值为5 981.67 ng/(kg·d),HQ最大值小于1(0.994 1),表示各年龄段群体通过市售动物性源性食品摄入喹诺酮类抗生素未达危害人体健康程度,无不良影响。本研究中,喹诺酮类兽药残留量源于2019—2023年监测结果,人体膳食摄入资料取自2015—2017年中国西部调查,监测与膳食数据未完全匹配,贵州居民的膳食结构、饮食习惯等也会有所差异,本次评估未考虑乳及乳制品等其他食品类别,存在一定的不确定性。P97.5的膳食暴露HQ最大值为0.009 4,远小于1,但考虑极端情况下,3~11岁年龄人群膳食暴露最大HQ接近1,需引起关注。鉴于此不确定性,后续研究可基于本研究,完善不同人群人口统计学与饮食摄入数据,增加监测种类,精准评估其饮食暴露程度及对贵州居民健康风险,为监管提供数据与科学支撑。
  • 贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-500)
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-5青)
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2025年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412195
  • 接收时间:2024-12-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11
基金
贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2024-500)
贵州省疾病预防控制中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-5青)
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    贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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