Article(id=1241025215115875208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725292800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813068417, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813068417, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813068417, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813068417, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1284, endPage=1289, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025215447225259, articleId=1241025215115875208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Calculation and evaluation of healthy life expectancy of residents in Nanjing based on multiple standards, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the healthy life expectancy (HLE) of residents aged 18 and above in Nanjing under various standards and evaluate the health status of the population.

Methods

Using data from the 2023 Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission’s survey on per capita life expectancy and the health expectancy survey of Nanjing residents, we calculated disability measures based on four health standards: self-rated health, reported health, GALI (Global Activity Limitation Indicator), and EQ-5D. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate the healthy life expectancy for Nanjing under these different standards.

Results

In 2023, the life expectancy (LE) for residents aged 18 in Nanjing was 63.05 years. The HLE under the four health standards for 18-year-old residents were 49.35 years, 42.39 years, 55.08 years, and 60.95 years, respectively.The HLE across all age groups followed the order of EQ-5D > GALI > self-rated health > reported health. Notably, HLE for males under 85 years was lower than that for females, although males exhibited a relatively higher quality of life compared to females at all age levels.

Conclusion

There are certain discrepancies in the results derived from the four standards; however, the observed age trends and gender patterns are consistent. The differences in results may be attributed to the dimensions of health evaluation and the methods used for calculating disability measures, necessitating further research.

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目的

了解多种标准下南京市≥18岁居民健康期望寿命(healthy life expectancy,HLE),评价南京市人群的健康状况。

方法

结合2023年江苏省卫生健康委人均期望寿命调查和江苏省南京市居民HLE调查数据,计算自评健康、自报健康、GALI、EQ-5D共四种健康标准下的伤残测度,运用苏利文方法分别测算不同标准下的南京市HLE。

结果

2023年南京市18岁居民期望寿命(life expectancy,LE)为63.05岁,自评健康、自报健康、GALI、EQ-5D健康标准下18岁居民HLE分别为49.35、42.39、55.08和60.95岁,各年龄段HLE均为EQ-5D>GALI>自评健康>自报健康,其中85岁以下男性HLE均低于女性,但各年龄段男性生命质量相对女性更高。

结论

四种标准测算结果存在一定的差异,但呈现的年龄趋势和性别模式相同,结果差异可能归因于健康评价维度和伤残测度计算方式,需要展开进一步研究探索。

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洪忻,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jKoXFr8lBM5SBqyoNn61bQ==, magXml=UhJaqx1RL+1eeiAelT1LLg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DpQmwRy7kMU86TZnzHkm8g==, pdfFileSize=672627, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0Nrie1Z9TFM90yvmpZ9bMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ITxBlfsnn+oisB3aPwOnVQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

白贇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口统计与健康管理

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白贇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口统计与健康管理

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白贇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口统计与健康管理

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Chinese Health Service Management202037(8): 631-634.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Researches on the status of Life quality of Chinese population and its influencing factors based on EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D scales, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241025225467417067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, awardId=20BRK030, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BRK030), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241025219280818305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025219289206914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, companyId=1241025219280818305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025219301789828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, companyId=1241025219280818305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京邮电大学理学院,江苏 南京 210046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241025219381481611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025219394064524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, companyId=1241025219381481611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241025223739363704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Disability measures by standard age groups for residents of Nanjing, figureFileSmall=uyuiwks1ywlRxcaWuFmx2A==, figureFileBig=0Nrie1Z9TFM90yvmpZ9bMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025223840027008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=图1, caption=南京市居民各标准年龄别伤残测度, figureFileSmall=uyuiwks1ywlRxcaWuFmx2A==, figureFileBig=0Nrie1Z9TFM90yvmpZ9bMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025224070713747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=HLE in Nanjing based on different standards, figureFileSmall=LzbEgekdToyaVycZeQ0Z+w==, figureFileBig=OpYOSwL41dgAP6tJaAiziA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025224171377049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=图2, caption=南京市居民各标准HLE, figureFileSmall=LzbEgekdToyaVycZeQ0Z+w==, figureFileBig=OpYOSwL41dgAP6tJaAiziA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025224263651740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Description of demographic characteristics of the survey subjects [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量合计男性女性
年龄组(岁)
18~347 298(39.6)3 630(40.1)3 659(39.1)
35~597 435(40.4)3 584(39.6)3 851(41.2)
≥603 682(20.0)1 835(20.3)1 847(19.7)
婚姻状况
未婚3 623(19.7)2 026(22.41 597(17.1)
已婚/同居14 253(77.4)6 837(75.6)7 416(79.3)
丧偶/离异/分居/其他530(2.9)186(2.1)344(3.7)
文化程度
小学及以下2 437(13.2)809(8.9)1 628(17.4)
初高中6 180(33.6)3 481(38.5)2 699(28.8)
大专及以上9 789(53.2)4 759(52.6)5 030(53.8)
职业类型
蓝领人员4 479(24.3)2 502(27.7)1 977(21.1)
服务人员1 878(10.2)945(10.4)933(10.0)
白领人员7 403(40.2)3 575(39.5)3 828(40.9)
在校学生1 186(6.4)746(8.2)440(4.7)
未就业/家务人员1 455(7.9)368(4.1)1 087(11.6)
离退休人员2 005(10.9)913(10.1)1 092(11.7)
合计18 406(100.0)9 049(49.2)9 357(50.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224339149219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象人口学特征描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量合计男性女性
年龄组(岁)
18~347 298(39.6)3 630(40.1)3 659(39.1)
35~597 435(40.4)3 584(39.6)3 851(41.2)
≥603 682(20.0)1 835(20.3)1 847(19.7)
婚姻状况
未婚3 623(19.7)2 026(22.41 597(17.1)
已婚/同居14 253(77.4)6 837(75.6)7 416(79.3)
丧偶/离异/分居/其他530(2.9)186(2.1)344(3.7)
文化程度
小学及以下2 437(13.2)809(8.9)1 628(17.4)
初高中6 180(33.6)3 481(38.5)2 699(28.8)
大专及以上9 789(53.2)4 759(52.6)5 030(53.8)
职业类型
蓝领人员4 479(24.3)2 502(27.7)1 977(21.1)
服务人员1 878(10.2)945(10.4)933(10.0)
白领人员7 403(40.2)3 575(39.5)3 828(40.9)
在校学生1 186(6.4)746(8.2)440(4.7)
未就业/家务人员1 455(7.9)368(4.1)1 087(11.6)
离退休人员2 005(10.9)913(10.1)1 092(11.7)
合计18 406(100.0)9 049(49.2)9 357(50.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224427229607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

HLE and gender comparison of Nanjing residents based on Self-rated Health (2023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0549.3513.7021.7360.8449.3011.5418.9765.5949.5316.0624.48
2061.0747.5613.5122.1358.8647.4711.3919.3463.6047.7915.8124.86
2556.1043.0513.0523.2653.9042.9210.9920.3858.6243.3515.2726.05
3051.1438.5012.6424.7248.9638.3110.6421.7453.6538.8514.8127.60
3546.2134.0512.1626.3244.0433.8510.1923.1348.7034.4014.3129.38
4041.3229.7011.6228.1339.1729.499.6824.7143.7930.0513.7431.37
4536.4925.4910.9930.1234.3825.199.1926.7238.9125.9312.9833.36
5031.7221.4210.3032.4729.6621.068.6029.0034.0821.9012.1835.73
5527.0317.599.4434.9225.0417.137.9031.5729.3018.1611.1438.01
6022.4913.978.5237.8720.6113.427.1934.8824.6314.6210.0040.62
6518.1410.697.4541.0716.4310.166.2738.1920.0511.288.7743.74
7014.067.676.3845.4112.617.185.4343.0615.668.217.4547.58
7510.395.295.1049.079.234.814.4347.9411.625.815.8150.02
807.303.373.9353.836.433.213.2350.148.183.754.4354.18
854.982.132.8557.284.391.982.4154.845.512.353.1657.30
≥903.571.392.1860.993.221.261.9660.943.851.502.3561.16
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224544670128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

自评健康标准下南京市居民HLE(岁)及性别比较(2023年)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0549.3513.7021.7360.8449.3011.5418.9765.5949.5316.0624.48
2061.0747.5613.5122.1358.8647.4711.3919.3463.6047.7915.8124.86
2556.1043.0513.0523.2653.9042.9210.9920.3858.6243.3515.2726.05
3051.1438.5012.6424.7248.9638.3110.6421.7453.6538.8514.8127.60
3546.2134.0512.1626.3244.0433.8510.1923.1348.7034.4014.3129.38
4041.3229.7011.6228.1339.1729.499.6824.7143.7930.0513.7431.37
4536.4925.4910.9930.1234.3825.199.1926.7238.9125.9312.9833.36
5031.7221.4210.3032.4729.6621.068.6029.0034.0821.9012.1835.73
5527.0317.599.4434.9225.0417.137.9031.5729.3018.1611.1438.01
6022.4913.978.5237.8720.6113.427.1934.8824.6314.6210.0040.62
6518.1410.697.4541.0716.4310.166.2738.1920.0511.288.7743.74
7014.067.676.3845.4112.617.185.4343.0615.668.217.4547.58
7510.395.295.1049.079.234.814.4347.9411.625.815.8150.02
807.303.373.9353.836.433.213.2350.148.183.754.4354.18
854.982.132.8557.284.391.982.4154.845.512.353.1657.30
≥903.571.392.1860.993.221.261.9660.943.851.502.3561.16
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224678887867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

HLE and gender comparison of Nanjing residents based on Self-reported Health (2023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0542.3920.6632.7760.8441.7019.1431.4665.5943.0322.5734.40
2061.0740.9620.1032.9258.8640.2418.6231.6463.6041.6721.9434.49
2556.1037.5118.5933.1453.9036.7117.1931.8958.6238.2920.3334.68
3051.1434.0117.1333.5048.9633.2015.7532.1853.6534.8018.8535.14
3546.2130.5115.7033.9844.0429.7214.3332.5348.7031.2817.4235.77
4041.3227.0314.2934.5939.1726.2712.8932.9243.7927.7616.0336.61
4536.4923.6212.8735.2734.3822.9011.4833.4038.9124.3214.5937.50
5031.7220.2611.4636.1229.6619.5710.0934.0134.0820.9313.1538.59
5527.0316.8910.1437.5225.0416.278.7735.0229.3017.4711.8340.37
6022.4913.598.9039.5720.6113.067.5436.6124.6314.0710.5542.86
6518.1410.447.6942.4216.439.976.4739.3520.0510.849.2145.93
7014.067.456.6147.0012.617.115.5143.6615.667.707.9650.81
7510.394.805.5953.799.234.624.6249.9911.624.886.7458.02
807.302.614.6964.216.432.543.8960.548.182.595.5968.30
854.980.964.0180.664.390.973.4278.005.510.924.5983.29
≥903.570.223.3593.783.220.223.0193.293.850.183.6795.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224762773956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自报健康标准下南京市居民HLE(岁)及性别比较(2023年)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0542.3920.6632.7760.8441.7019.1431.4665.5943.0322.5734.40
2061.0740.9620.1032.9258.8640.2418.6231.6463.6041.6721.9434.49
2556.1037.5118.5933.1453.9036.7117.1931.8958.6238.2920.3334.68
3051.1434.0117.1333.5048.9633.2015.7532.1853.6534.8018.8535.14
3546.2130.5115.7033.9844.0429.7214.3332.5348.7031.2817.4235.77
4041.3227.0314.2934.5939.1726.2712.8932.9243.7927.7616.0336.61
4536.4923.6212.8735.2734.3822.9011.4833.4038.9124.3214.5937.50
5031.7220.2611.4636.1229.6619.5710.0934.0134.0820.9313.1538.59
5527.0316.8910.1437.5225.0416.278.7735.0229.3017.4711.8340.37
6022.4913.598.9039.5720.6113.067.5436.6124.6314.0710.5542.86
6518.1410.447.6942.4216.439.976.4739.3520.0510.849.2145.93
7014.067.456.6147.0012.617.115.5143.6615.667.707.9650.81
7510.394.805.5953.799.234.624.6249.9911.624.886.7458.02
807.302.614.6964.216.432.543.8960.548.182.595.5968.30
854.980.964.0180.664.390.973.4278.005.510.924.5983.29
≥903.570.223.3593.783.220.223.0193.293.850.183.6795.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224855048648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

HLE and gender comparison of Nanjing residents based on GALI (2023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0555.087.9712.6460.8454.366.4810.6565.5955.729.8715.05
2061.0753.277.8012.7758.8652.536.3310.7563.6053.949.6615.19
2556.1048.577.5313.4353.9047.836.0711.2658.6249.249.3916.01
3051.1443.837.3214.3048.9643.115.8511.9553.6544.489.1717.09
3546.2139.157.0615.2844.0438.465.5812.6848.7039.778.9318.34
4041.3234.496.8316.5239.1733.825.3413.6443.7935.098.7019.86
4536.4929.946.5517.9534.3829.265.1214.8938.9130.548.3721.50
5031.7225.436.2919.8329.6624.784.8816.4534.0825.998.0923.74
5527.0321.125.9021.8525.0420.524.5218.0529.3021.637.6726.18
6022.4916.995.5024.4620.6116.424.1920.3424.6317.447.1829.17
6518.1413.055.0928.0416.4312.533.9023.7320.0513.426.6433.09
7014.069.454.6132.7912.619.033.5928.4415.669.695.9738.10
7510.396.344.0438.919.235.963.2735.4211.626.565.0743.59
807.303.843.4647.396.433.742.6941.798.183.934.2551.93
854.982.192.7956.024.392.202.1949.825.512.113.4061.75
≥903.571.402.1760.783.221.431.8055.763.851.202.6568.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241025224964100559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

GALI标准下南京市居民HLE(岁)及性别比较(2023年)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0555.087.9712.6460.8454.366.4810.6565.5955.729.8715.05
2061.0753.277.8012.7758.8652.536.3310.7563.6053.949.6615.19
2556.1048.577.5313.4353.9047.836.0711.2658.6249.249.3916.01
3051.1443.837.3214.3048.9643.115.8511.9553.6544.489.1717.09
3546.2139.157.0615.2844.0438.465.5812.6848.7039.778.9318.34
4041.3234.496.8316.5239.1733.825.3413.6443.7935.098.7019.86
4536.4929.946.5517.9534.3829.265.1214.8938.9130.548.3721.50
5031.7225.436.2919.8329.6624.784.8816.4534.0825.998.0923.74
5527.0321.125.9021.8525.0420.524.5218.0529.3021.637.6726.18
6022.4916.995.5024.4620.6116.424.1920.3424.6317.447.1829.17
6518.1413.055.0928.0416.4312.533.9023.7320.0513.426.6433.09
7014.069.454.6132.7912.619.033.5928.4415.669.695.9738.10
7510.396.344.0438.919.235.963.2735.4211.626.565.0743.59
807.303.843.4647.396.433.742.6941.798.183.934.2551.93
854.982.192.7956.024.392.202.1949.825.512.113.4061.75
≥903.571.402.1760.783.221.431.8055.763.851.202.6568.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225056375251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

HLE and gender comparison of Nanjing residents based on EQ-5D (2023)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性
LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0560.952.103.3360.8459.381.462.4065.5962.583.014.60
2061.0758.992.083.4058.8657.431.432.4363.6060.622.994.70
2556.1054.082.023.6053.9052.521.382.5758.6255.702.934.99
3051.1449.171.973.8648.9647.611.352.7553.6550.792.875.34
3546.2144.281.934.1744.0442.731.312.9848.7045.892.825.78
4041.3239.451.874.5339.1737.911.253.2043.7941.032.766.30
4536.4934.671.814.9634.3833.171.213.5138.9136.222.696.91
5031.7229.971.755.5129.6628.501.163.9234.0831.482.607.64
5527.0325.361.666.1625.0423.931.104.4129.3026.812.369.59
6022.4920.931.566.9420.6119.581.034.9824.6322.262.498.50
6518.1416.701.447.9416.4315.490.945.7420.0517.852.2010.99
7014.0612.731.339.4412.6111.750.866.8115.6613.612.0513.10
7510.399.221.1711.269.238.480.758.1311.629.801.8215.66
807.306.301.0013.706.435.780.6510.128.186.621.5619.05
854.984.020.9519.154.393.770.6214.175.514.081.4325.90
≥903.572.740.8323.353.222.650.5717.703.852.751.1028.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225148649943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

EQ-5D健康标准下南京市居民HLE(岁)及性别比较(2023年)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄
(岁)
总体LHE/LE
(%)
男性
LHE/LE
(%)
女性LHE/LE
(%)
LEHLELHELEHLELHELEHLELHE
1863.0560.952.103.3360.8459.381.462.4065.5962.583.014.60
2061.0758.992.083.4058.8657.431.432.4363.6060.622.994.70
2556.1054.082.023.6053.9052.521.382.5758.6255.702.934.99
3051.1449.171.973.8648.9647.611.352.7553.6550.792.875.34
3546.2144.281.934.1744.0442.731.312.9848.7045.892.825.78
4041.3239.451.874.5339.1737.911.253.2043.7941.032.766.30
4536.4934.671.814.9634.3833.171.213.5138.9136.222.696.91
5031.7229.971.755.5129.6628.501.163.9234.0831.482.607.64
5527.0325.361.666.1625.0423.931.104.4129.3026.812.369.59
6022.4920.931.566.9420.6119.581.034.9824.6322.262.498.50
6518.1416.701.447.9416.4315.490.945.7420.0517.852.2010.99
7014.0612.731.339.4412.6111.750.866.8115.6613.612.0513.10
7510.399.221.1711.269.238.480.758.1311.629.801.8215.66
807.306.301.0013.706.435.780.6510.128.186.621.5619.05
854.984.020.9519.154.393.770.6214.175.514.081.4325.90
≥903.572.740.8323.353.222.650.5717.703.852.751.1028.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225228341723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of standard errors based on different standards

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年龄(岁)自评健康自报健康GALIEQ-5D
180.250 20.258 90.221 20.143 1
200.249 10.256 40.220 10.142 8
250.246 40.249 60.218 30.142 2
300.244 80.245 00.217 30.142 0
350.243 50.241 60.216 70.141 9
400.240 60.235 00.215 30.141 5
450.237 20.227 90.213 80.141 3
500.233 10.219 70.212 60.141 1
550.230 20.214 50.211 70.141 5
600.228 90.211 20.212 40.142 8
650.225 80.205 90.213 40.144 6
700.229 00.206 70.219 50.150 4
750.237 80.211 80.232 20.161 7
800.256 90.219 40.254 80.184 0
850.305 40.223 70.306 20.244 2
≥900.435 10.215 40.438 60.359 5
总计0.255 90.227 70.239 00.166 5
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225358365155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025215115875208, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各标准下标准误对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)自评健康自报健康GALIEQ-5D
180.250 20.258 90.221 20.143 1
200.249 10.256 40.220 10.142 8
250.246 40.249 60.218 30.142 2
300.244 80.245 00.217 30.142 0
350.243 50.241 60.216 70.141 9
400.240 60.235 00.215 30.141 5
450.237 20.227 90.213 80.141 3
500.233 10.219 70.212 60.141 1
550.230 20.214 50.211 70.141 5
600.228 90.211 20.212 40.142 8
650.225 80.205 90.213 40.144 6
700.229 00.206 70.219 50.150 4
750.237 80.211 80.232 20.161 7
800.256 90.219 40.254 80.184 0
850.305 40.223 70.306 20.244 2
≥900.435 10.215 40.438 60.359 5
总计0.255 90.227 70.239 00.166 5
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基于多种标准的南京市居民健康期望寿命测算与评价
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白贇 1 , 洪忻 2 , 岑瑞云 1 , 温勇 1 , 王巍巍 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(7): 1284-1289
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(7): 1284-1289
基于多种标准的南京市居民健康期望寿命测算与评价
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白贇1, 洪忻2 , 岑瑞云1, 温勇1, 王巍巍2
作者信息
  • 1.南京邮电大学理学院,江苏 南京 210046
  • 2.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003
  • 白贇(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口统计与健康管理

通讯作者:

洪忻,E-mail:
Calculation and evaluation of healthy life expectancy of residents in Nanjing based on multiple standards
Yun BAI1, Xin HONG2 , Rui-yun CEN1, Yong WEN1, Wei-wei WANG2
Affiliations
  • School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409032
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目的

了解多种标准下南京市≥18岁居民健康期望寿命(healthy life expectancy,HLE),评价南京市人群的健康状况。

方法

结合2023年江苏省卫生健康委人均期望寿命调查和江苏省南京市居民HLE调查数据,计算自评健康、自报健康、GALI、EQ-5D共四种健康标准下的伤残测度,运用苏利文方法分别测算不同标准下的南京市HLE。

结果

2023年南京市18岁居民期望寿命(life expectancy,LE)为63.05岁,自评健康、自报健康、GALI、EQ-5D健康标准下18岁居民HLE分别为49.35、42.39、55.08和60.95岁,各年龄段HLE均为EQ-5D>GALI>自评健康>自报健康,其中85岁以下男性HLE均低于女性,但各年龄段男性生命质量相对女性更高。

结论

四种标准测算结果存在一定的差异,但呈现的年龄趋势和性别模式相同,结果差异可能归因于健康评价维度和伤残测度计算方式,需要展开进一步研究探索。

健康期望寿命  /  自评健康  /  自报健康  /  GALI  /  EQ-5D
Objective

To understand the healthy life expectancy (HLE) of residents aged 18 and above in Nanjing under various standards and evaluate the health status of the population.

Methods

Using data from the 2023 Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission’s survey on per capita life expectancy and the health expectancy survey of Nanjing residents, we calculated disability measures based on four health standards: self-rated health, reported health, GALI (Global Activity Limitation Indicator), and EQ-5D. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate the healthy life expectancy for Nanjing under these different standards.

Results

In 2023, the life expectancy (LE) for residents aged 18 in Nanjing was 63.05 years. The HLE under the four health standards for 18-year-old residents were 49.35 years, 42.39 years, 55.08 years, and 60.95 years, respectively.The HLE across all age groups followed the order of EQ-5D > GALI > self-rated health > reported health. Notably, HLE for males under 85 years was lower than that for females, although males exhibited a relatively higher quality of life compared to females at all age levels.

Conclusion

There are certain discrepancies in the results derived from the four standards; however, the observed age trends and gender patterns are consistent. The differences in results may be attributed to the dimensions of health evaluation and the methods used for calculating disability measures, necessitating further research.

Healthy life expectancy  /  Self-rated health  /  Reported health  /  GALI  /  EQ-5D
白贇, 洪忻, 岑瑞云, 温勇, 王巍巍. 基于多种标准的南京市居民健康期望寿命测算与评价. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1284 -1289 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409032
Yun BAI, Xin HONG, Rui-yun CEN, Yong WEN, Wei-wei WANG. Calculation and evaluation of healthy life expectancy of residents in Nanjing based on multiple standards[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1284 -1289 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409032
在多重政策背景下,人口健康已成为各地政府的重点工作。传统的健康评价指标期望寿命只能反映某一时期的死亡水平[1],而Sanders[2-3]提出的健康期望寿命(healthy life expectancy,HLE)概念,将人口的疾病与残障状况纳入考量,通过将期望寿命(life expectancy,LE)细分为不同健康状态的总和,反映了特定时期内人口总体的综合健康状况。
《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[4]、《“健康南京2030”规划纲要》等重要文件中皆提出到2030年人均HLE显著提高的要求。因此,如何准确高效地测量HLE是实现健康中国战略的重要课题。选取合适的健康标准测算HLE,可以为政府和卫生健康部门制定健康政策、优化医疗资源配置、促进健康教育和行为改变提供重要依据。而南京目前相关的研究较少[5],基于此,本研究选取自评健康、自报健康、GALI和EQ-5D四种测量标准测算南京市HLE,并探究不同标准下的测量效果。
本文数据来源于江苏省卫生健康委人均期望寿命调查(2023)、江苏省南京市居民健康期望寿命调查(2023),该调查包含调查对象基本信息、欧洲五维健康(EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire,EQ-5D)量表、综合活动受限指标(global activity limitation indicator,GALI)量表、自报健康量表等。
南京市居民HLE调查采用多阶段分层整群抽样,覆盖南京市12个区。样本量采用公式进行估算,计算得到每层的最小样本量约为3 600人,考虑性别和地区因素,确定分层数为4,考虑无效问卷和失访率约为20%,估计调查需完成的最小样本量为18 000,每个调查区完成不少于1 500人。
其中,置信水平取95%(双侧),μ=1.96,概率p取既往研究失能率9.55%(2008年北京市自评健康率90.45%),设计效率值deff取为2.2,绝对误差d=相对误差(15%)×p
根据2023年南京市死亡数据建立完全生命表,计算LE。
其中,lx为x岁尚存人数,Li是x~x+1岁间的生存人年数,w为最后一个开区间的年龄组。
自评健康伤残测度通过调查问卷中“总的来说您目前的健康状况如何?”这一问题进行测量,通常将“很好”“好”“一般”判定为健康,将“差”“很差”判定为伤残[6]
自报健康伤残测度使用WHO健康自报问卷测量,问卷涵盖灵活性、自理能力、疼痛和不适、认知、人际活动、视力、睡眠和精力、情绪共八个维度[7]。通常将“没有”“轻度”“中度”判定为健康,“重度”和“极重度”为伤残。借助情景问题以及个人社会特征(性别、年龄、受教育程度、职业等)建立复合层次有序(compound hierarchical ordered probit,CHOPIT)模型,矫正被调查者存在的“顶效应”和切点偏移,获得跨人群可比的伤残测度[8]
GALI伤残测度通过调查问卷中“在过去至少6个月里,您在多大程度上因个人健康问题限制了日常活动?”及其对应的假想人物健康情景评价问题进行测量,通常将“严重限制”“受到限制,但是不严重”判定为伤残,“没有受到限制”判定为健康[9]。同样需要建立CHOPIT模型获得跨人群可比的伤残测度。
EQ-5D伤残测度通过欧洲五维量表即行动能力、自我照顾、日常活动、疼痛和焦虑五个维度进行测量,健康效用值根据对应的健康状态采用中国EQ-5D积分体系公式进行计算[10]
根据各标准年龄别伤残测度,利用苏利文方法计算HLE。
其中,Dx为x岁人群的伤残测度。
根据LE和HLE还可以计算各年龄人群因伤残损失的健康寿命(LHE)以及HLE伤残损失占比(LHE/LE)。
由于抽样差异,分年龄伤残测度会出现较大幅度波动,因此计算各标准下的HLE标准误来判断抽样误差大小。标准误取值在[0,1]区间,越接近0说明抽样误差越小,即测量结果越准确[11]
其中,N为x岁的样本量。
本文所涉及的相关统计分析与图表绘制基于SPSS 26.0和Excel 2021软件完成,CHOPIT模型运用R4.1.3软件中的Anchors包实现,检验水准α=0.05。
本文共纳入18 406例调查对象,具体特征见表1,其中男性为9 049名(49.2%),女性为9 357名(50.8%)。经拟合优度检验,样本年龄结构与全市七普年龄结构相似(总体:χ2= 9.943,P>0.05;男性:χ2=9.423,P>0.05;女性:χ2= 11.116,P>0.05)。
四种健康标准下的伤残测度随年龄增长整体呈上升趋势,如图1所示,在EQ-5D标准下,18~65岁人群增长速度较为平缓,65岁及以上的老年人伤残测度增长速度较快;其余三个标准下,18~25岁伤残测度变化趋势不一致,说明该年龄段人群对健康标准的选取较为敏感。对比四个标准下年龄别伤残测度,由高到低依次为自报健康、自评健康、GALI、EQ-5D。
南京市18岁居民LE为63.05岁,其中男性LE为60.84岁,女性LE为65.59岁;60岁居民LE为22.49岁,其中男性LE为20.61岁,女性LE为24.63岁。女性LE在各年龄段都高于男性,其差距随年龄增大而逐渐减小。
自评健康标准下南京市18岁居民HLE为49.35岁,其中男性HLE为49.30岁,女性HLE为49.53岁,各年龄段女性HLE均高于男性。随年龄增大,居民生命质量逐渐降低,其中各年龄段女性相对男性生命质量更低。见表2
自报健康标准下南京市18岁居民HLE为42.39岁,其中男性HLE为41.70岁,女性HLE为43.03岁。年龄越大的人群生命质量越低,其中85岁以下的男性HLE低于女性,但各年龄段男性相对女性生命质量更高。见表3
在GALI健康标准下,南京市18岁居民HLE为55.08岁,其中男性为54.36岁,女性为55.72岁。随着年龄的增长,居民有更多的时间处于不健康状态中,生命质量趋于下降。在85岁以下的年龄段中,男性HLE普遍低于女性,但在所有年龄段中,男性相对于女性拥有更高的生命质量。见表4
在EQ-5D健康标准下,南京市18岁居民HLE为60.95岁,其中男性为59.38岁,女性为62.58岁。随着年龄的增长,居民有更多的时间处于不健康状态中,生命质量趋于下降。在所有年龄段中,男性HLE普遍低于女性,但男性相对于女性拥有更高的生命质量。见表5
四种标准下,南京市居民各年龄段HLE均为EQ-5D>GALI>自评健康>自报健康,见图2。各标准下的HLE差距随年龄增长而逐渐减小,其中,EQ-5D与自报健康的HLE差距最为明显,其18岁HLE差距为18.56岁,90岁及以上HLE差距为2.52岁。
自评健康和EQ-5D健康标准下各年龄段男性HLE低于女性HLE,而自报健康和GALI健康标准下,85岁以下男性HLE低于女性,85岁及以上男性HLE高于女性。然而,在LHE/LE这一指标上,不同健康标准下呈现相同的性别模式,各年龄段男性LHE/LE低于女性,即男性生命质量相对女性来说较高。
HLE标准误分析揭示了不同健康评估标准在不同年龄段的准确性差异。如表6所示,标准误从小到大依次为EQ-5D、自报健康、GALI、自评健康。四种健康标准的标准误均呈现出“中间小,两边大”的趋势,即在50~65岁这一年龄段内,标准误相对较小,而以此为中心向两侧年龄段延伸时,标准误逐渐增大。
本研究首次应用四种标准测算南京市≥18岁居民HLE,并对不同标准下的结果进行比较分析,自评健康、自报健康、GALI和EQ-5D健康标准下的18岁居民HLE分别为49.35、42.39、55.08和60.95岁,各年龄段HLE均为EQ-5D>GALI>自评健康>自报健康,不同标准测算结果存在一定的差异,但不论采用哪种标准,所呈现的年龄趋势和性别模式相同,即南京市居民生命质量随年龄增大而逐渐降低,且各年龄段男性生命质量相对女性更高。自评健康主要基于个体的主观感受,简单易行但主观性强,信度和效度往往存在问题[12],而自报健康在此基础上将健康视为一个多维概念,因此伤残测度通常比自评健康大[13-14]。GALI侧重于评估身体活动能力和日常生活功能的限制情况,客观性较强,但在心理健康和社会功能方面评估不足。EQ-5D是一个全面、客观的健康评价工具,能够综合评估个体的生理、心理和社会健康状态。
自评健康标准由于其直接性和简便性,人口普查及众多关于老年人的健康调查中都包含该标准[15]。据以往研究,2020年江苏省自评健康标准下的60岁男性HLE为18.28岁,女性HLE为20.95岁[3],高于本文测算结果,可能是两者数据对健康状态的界定不同导致。
自报健康标准目前已被上海、苏州、浙江和北京等多个省市使用,以上地区的20岁及以上HLE范围大致在34.5~48.68岁之间[71316-17]。本文南京市自报健康标准下20岁HLE为40.96岁,虽然由于各地区测算年份和综合伤残测度的方法差异,但仍可以观察到自报健康标准下的测算结果相对较低。这可能是由于自报健康标准涵盖的健康评价维度较多,问卷理解难度较大,在此基础上还需要对结果进行矫正造成。
GALI和EQ-5D健康标准在我国HLE研究中的应用相对较少。GALI标准在欧洲国家的应用更为广泛[18],以往有学者利用该标准测算得2018年我国65岁老年人的HLE为13.78岁[19],高于本文所得结果13.05岁,可能是矫正伤残测度导致结果较低。而EQ-5D在我国则更多地被用于研究健康相关生命质量[20-21]。因此,国内关于这两个标准下的HLE的参考数据有限,未来的研究可以进一步探索这些标准在我国HLE测算中的应用及其效果。
本研究通过对四种健康标准的比较发现,不同标准在测算HLE时存在一定差异,但各标准都揭示了南京市居民因伤残损失了较多健康生命年。仅根据目前的研究成果,由于缺乏横向和纵向对比,无法判断四种标准孰优孰劣,每个标准的侧重点和测量方式不同。HLE作为测量人群健康水平的综合指标,其最佳测算标准需要通过持续展开相关调查与研究进行探索。
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BRK030)
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2025年第52卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409032
  • 接收时间:2024-09-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03
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    1.南京邮电大学理学院,江苏 南京 210046
    2.南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京 210003

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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