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Article(id=1241025214704833378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410156, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813068319, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813068319, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813068319, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813068319, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1300, endPage=1305, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025215476585390, articleId=1241025214704833378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the association between sleep duration and falls in middle-aged and elderly populations in China, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between sleep duration and fall incidents among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving 18 515 participants aged 45 and older. Demographic characteristics, behaviors, lifestyle factors, and health status of the subjects were collected, and logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and fall risk.

Results

The incidence of falls among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China over two years was 17.20%, with an average sleep duration of (6.11 ± 1.86) hours. The fall incidence for those sleeping less than 5 hours per night was 26.39%, for 5 to less than 7 hours was 16.39%, for 7 to less than 9 hours was 13.04%, for 9 to less than 11 hours was 15.99%, and for those sleeping 11 hours or more was 30.00%. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that the fall risks for individuals with sleep durations of less than 5 hours, 5 to less than 7 hours, and 11 hours or more were 1.46,1.15, and 2.01 times higher respectively compared to those sleeping 7 to less than 9 hours (P < 0.05). Analysis using the restricted cubic spline model revealed a U-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and falls (overall trend P <0.05, non-linear test P < 0.05), with the lowest risk of falls occurring at approximately 7.5 hours of sleep.

Conclusion

Falls are significantly associated with both short and long sleep durations, with the optimal sleep duration being around 7.5 hours. Intervention measures should be implemented for middle-aged and elderly individuals with poor sleep quality to reduce their fall risk.

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目的

本研究旨在探讨中国中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒事件之间的关联。

方法

采用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的数据，对18 515名45岁及以上的中老年人进行了横断面分析。收集研究对象人口学特征、行为与生活方式以及健康状况等信息，并运用logistic回归和限制性立方样条（RCS）模型探讨睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间的关联。

结果

我国中老年人两年跌倒发生率为17.20%，平均睡眠时间为（6.11±1.86） h。每晚睡眠时间<5、5～<7、7～<9、9～<11和≥11 h的中老年人跌倒发生率分别为26.39%、16.39%、13.04%、15.99%、30.00%。多因素logistic回归结果显示，睡眠时间为<5、5～<7和≥11 h的中老年人跌倒风险分别是睡眠时间7～<9 h的1.46、1.15和2.01倍（P<0.05）。RCS模型的分析结果表明，中老年人的睡眠时间与跌倒之间存在“U”形的非线性剂量-反应关系（总趋势P<0.05，非线性检验P<0.05），睡眠时间在7.5 h左右时，中老年人群跌倒风险最低。

结论

跌倒与睡眠时间较短、睡眠时间较长显著相关，最佳睡眠时间约在7.5 h左右，针对睡眠质量不佳的中老年人，应采取干预措施，以减少其跌倒的风险。

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张巧英，E-mail:；
陆元英，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LwFa0PNbOVl7LSND0jd+aw==, magXml=H9pe9ORMODUzQFpGMvZ6aA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mv7s+sFfjeOgH6awQRmalA==, pdfFileSize=1323891, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gbhWalYqBBWCiK2wDKZ3Ew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Etmu+MONvwQjyrbI1psuMw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈雷（1990—），男，本科，主治医师，研究方向：伤害防治工作

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陈雷（1990—），男，本科，主治医师，研究方向：伤害防治工作

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陈雷（1990—），男，本科，主治医师，研究方向：伤害防治工作

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Comparison of falls in elderly people with different characteristics［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数非跌倒 (n=15 330)跌倒(n=3 185)χ2值P值
性别108.589<0.001
男8 826 (47.67)7 575 (49.41)1 251 (39.28)
女9 689 (52.33)7 755 (50.59)1 934 (60.72)
年龄（岁）164.153<0.001
45～<608 304 (44.85)7 166 (46.75)1 138 (35.73)
60～<758 189 (44.23)6 637 (43.29)1 552 (48.73)
≥752 022 (10.92)1 527 (9.96)495 (15.54)
居住地23.998<0.001
城镇6 809 (36.78)5 759 (37.57)1 050 (32.97)
农村11 706 (63.22)9 571 (62.43)2 135 (67.03)
教育水平117.969<0.001
小学以下7 839 (42.34)6 237 (40.69)1 602 (50.30)
小学4 111 (22.20)3 431 (22.38)680 (21.35)
初中4 138 (22.35)3 538 (23.08)600 (18.84)
高中及以上2 427 (13.11)2 124 (13.86)303 (9.51)
婚姻情况60.797<0.001
已婚14 052 (75.90)11 806 (77.01)2 246 (70.52)
未婚/分居/离异/丧偶4 463 (24.10)3 524 (22.99)939 (29.48)
睡眠时间（h）296.327<0.001
<53 365 (18.17)2 477 (16.16)888 (27.88)
5～<77 761 (41.92)6 489 (42.33)1 272 (39.93)
7～<96 072 (32.80)5 280 (34.44)792 (24.87)
9～<111 157 (6.25)972 (6.34)185 (5.81)
≥11160 (0.86)112 (0.73)48 (1.51)
午休习惯2.4920.114
有11 991 (64.76)9 967 (65.02)2 024 (63.55)
无6 524 (35.24)5 363 (34.98)1 161 (36.45)
每周运动时长≥30 min20.178<0.001
是15 439 (83.39)12 869 (83.95)2 570 (80.69)
否3 076 (16.61)2 461 (16.05)615 (19.31)
参加社交活动1.4460.229
是9 527 (51.46)7 919 (51.66)1 608 (50.49)
否8 988 (48.54)7 411 (48.34)1 577 (49.51)
吸烟史29.453<0.001
有7 267 (39.25)6 153 (40.14)1 114 (34.98)
无11 248 (60.75)9 177 (59.86)2 071 (65.02)
饮酒史11.753<0.001
有6 718 (36.28)5 647 (36.84)1 071 (33.63)
无11 797 (63.72)9 683 (63.16)2 114 (66.37)
ADL受限1 031.805<0.001
是4 125 (22.28)2 729 (17.80)1 396 (43.83)
否14 390 (77.72)12 601 (82.20)1 789 (56.17)
慢性病共病305.186<0.001
是10 787 (58.26)8 489 (55.38)2 298 (72.15)
否7 728 (41.74)6 841 (44.62)887 (27.85)
因疼痛而难受777.509<0.001
没有/很少13 252 (71.57)11 579 (75.53)1 673 (52.53)
有时1 900 (10.26)1 480 (9.65)420 (13.19)
经常3 363 (18.16)2 271 (14.81)1 092 (34.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1241025221747069268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025214704833378, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征中老年人跌倒发生情况比较［n（%）］

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变量人数非跌倒 (n=15 330)跌倒(n=3 185)χ2值P值
性别108.589<0.001
男8 826 (47.67)7 575 (49.41)1 251 (39.28)
女9 689 (52.33)7 755 (50.59)1 934 (60.72)
年龄（岁）164.153<0.001
45～<608 304 (44.85)7 166 (46.75)1 138 (35.73)
60～<758 189 (44.23)6 637 (43.29)1 552 (48.73)
≥752 022 (10.92)1 527 (9.96)495 (15.54)
居住地23.998<0.001
城镇6 809 (36.78)5 759 (37.57)1 050 (32.97)
农村11 706 (63.22)9 571 (62.43)2 135 (67.03)
教育水平117.969<0.001
小学以下7 839 (42.34)6 237 (40.69)1 602 (50.30)
小学4 111 (22.20)3 431 (22.38)680 (21.35)
初中4 138 (22.35)3 538 (23.08)600 (18.84)
高中及以上2 427 (13.11)2 124 (13.86)303 (9.51)
婚姻情况60.797<0.001
已婚14 052 (75.90)11 806 (77.01)2 246 (70.52)
未婚/分居/离异/丧偶4 463 (24.10)3 524 (22.99)939 (29.48)
睡眠时间（h）296.327<0.001
<53 365 (18.17)2 477 (16.16)888 (27.88)
5～<77 761 (41.92)6 489 (42.33)1 272 (39.93)
7～<96 072 (32.80)5 280 (34.44)792 (24.87)
9～<111 157 (6.25)972 (6.34)185 (5.81)
≥11160 (0.86)112 (0.73)48 (1.51)
午休习惯2.4920.114
有11 991 (64.76)9 967 (65.02)2 024 (63.55)
无6 524 (35.24)5 363 (34.98)1 161 (36.45)
每周运动时长≥30 min20.178<0.001
是15 439 (83.39)12 869 (83.95)2 570 (80.69)
否3 076 (16.61)2 461 (16.05)615 (19.31)
参加社交活动1.4460.229
是9 527 (51.46)7 919 (51.66)1 608 (50.49)
否8 988 (48.54)7 411 (48.34)1 577 (49.51)
吸烟史29.453<0.001
有7 267 (39.25)6 153 (40.14)1 114 (34.98)
无11 248 (60.75)9 177 (59.86)2 071 (65.02)
饮酒史11.753<0.001
有6 718 (36.28)5 647 (36.84)1 071 (33.63)
无11 797 (63.72)9 683 (63.16)2 114 (66.37)
ADL受限1 031.805<0.001
是4 125 (22.28)2 729 (17.80)1 396 (43.83)
否14 390 (77.72)12 601 (82.20)1 789 (56.17)
慢性病共病305.186<0.001
是10 787 (58.26)8 489 (55.38)2 298 (72.15)
否7 728 (41.74)6 841 (44.62)887 (27.85)
因疼痛而难受777.509<0.001
没有/很少13 252 (71.57)11 579 (75.53)1 673 (52.53)
有时1 900 (10.26)1 480 (9.65)420 (13.19)
经常3 363 (18.16)2 271 (14.81)1 092 (34.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1241025221960978775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025214704833378, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of sleep time and falls

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睡眠时间（h）OR (95%CI)P值
7～<91.00
<51.46 (1.30 ～ 1.64)<0.001
5～<71.15 (1.04 ～ 1.27)0.007
9～<111.11 (0.92 ～ 1.33)0.270
≥112.01 (1.39 ～ 2.89)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241025223328321886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025214704833378, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

睡眠时间与跌倒的logistic回归分析

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睡眠时间（h）OR (95%CI)P值
7～<91.00
<51.46 (1.30 ～ 1.64)<0.001
5～<71.15 (1.04 ～ 1.27)0.007
9～<111.11 (0.92 ～ 1.33)0.270
≥112.01 (1.39 ～ 2.89)<0.001
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我国中老年人群睡眠时间与跌倒的关联研究
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陈雷 1 , 张巧英 1 , 陆元英 1 , 彭超 1 , 蔡滨欣 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(7): 1300-1305
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(7): 1300-1305
我国中老年人群睡眠时间与跌倒的关联研究
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陈雷1, 张巧英1 , 陆元英1 , 彭超1, 蔡滨欣2
作者信息
  • 1.上海市松江区小昆山镇社区卫生服务中心，上海 201616
  • 2.上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心

    • 陈雷（1990—），男，本科，主治医师，研究方向：伤害防治工作

通讯作者:

张巧英，E-mail:；
陆元英，E-mail:
Research on the association between sleep duration and falls in middle-aged and elderly populations in China
Lei CHEN1, Qiao-ying ZHANG1 , Yuan-ying LU1 , Chao PENG1, Bin-xin CAI2
Affiliations
  • Community Health Service Center of Xiaokunshan Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201616, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410156
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摘要
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目的

本研究旨在探讨中国中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒事件之间的关联。

方法

采用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的数据，对18 515名45岁及以上的中老年人进行了横断面分析。收集研究对象人口学特征、行为与生活方式以及健康状况等信息，并运用logistic回归和限制性立方样条（RCS）模型探讨睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间的关联。

结果

我国中老年人两年跌倒发生率为17.20%，平均睡眠时间为（6.11±1.86） h。每晚睡眠时间<5、5～<7、7～<9、9～<11和≥11 h的中老年人跌倒发生率分别为26.39%、16.39%、13.04%、15.99%、30.00%。多因素logistic回归结果显示，睡眠时间为<5、5～<7和≥11 h的中老年人跌倒风险分别是睡眠时间7～<9 h的1.46、1.15和2.01倍（P<0.05）。RCS模型的分析结果表明，中老年人的睡眠时间与跌倒之间存在“U”形的非线性剂量-反应关系（总趋势P<0.05，非线性检验P<0.05），睡眠时间在7.5 h左右时，中老年人群跌倒风险最低。

结论

跌倒与睡眠时间较短、睡眠时间较长显著相关，最佳睡眠时间约在7.5 h左右，针对睡眠质量不佳的中老年人，应采取干预措施，以减少其跌倒的风险。

中老年人  /  睡眠时间  /  跌倒  /  剂量-反应关系
Objective

To explore the association between sleep duration and fall incidents among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving 18 515 participants aged 45 and older. Demographic characteristics, behaviors, lifestyle factors, and health status of the subjects were collected, and logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and fall risk.

Results

The incidence of falls among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China over two years was 17.20%, with an average sleep duration of (6.11 ± 1.86) hours. The fall incidence for those sleeping less than 5 hours per night was 26.39%, for 5 to less than 7 hours was 16.39%, for 7 to less than 9 hours was 13.04%, for 9 to less than 11 hours was 15.99%, and for those sleeping 11 hours or more was 30.00%. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that the fall risks for individuals with sleep durations of less than 5 hours, 5 to less than 7 hours, and 11 hours or more were 1.46,1.15, and 2.01 times higher respectively compared to those sleeping 7 to less than 9 hours (P < 0.05). Analysis using the restricted cubic spline model revealed a U-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and falls (overall trend P <0.05, non-linear test P < 0.05), with the lowest risk of falls occurring at approximately 7.5 hours of sleep.

Conclusion

Falls are significantly associated with both short and long sleep durations, with the optimal sleep duration being around 7.5 hours. Intervention measures should be implemented for middle-aged and elderly individuals with poor sleep quality to reduce their fall risk.

Middle-aged and elderly  /  Sleep duration  /  Falls  /  Dose-response relationship
陈雷, 张巧英, 陆元英, 彭超, 蔡滨欣. 我国中老年人群睡眠时间与跌倒的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1300 -1305 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410156
Lei CHEN, Qiao-ying ZHANG, Yuan-ying LU, Chao PENG, Bin-xin CAI. Research on the association between sleep duration and falls in middle-aged and elderly populations in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1300 -1305 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410156
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跌倒可以在人生的任何阶段发生，尽管多数跌倒不需要医疗处理，但对特定群体如老年人，跌倒往往会导致严重的后果，如软组织损伤、骨折以及颅脑损伤等。世界卫生组织（WHO）报告显示，跌倒是全球意外伤害死亡的第二大原因，60岁以上人群遭受致命跌倒的次数最多[1]。研究显示，2000—2021年间中国老年人群跌倒发生率总体呈上升趋势，跌倒已经成为我国老年人群因伤致死、因伤就诊、创伤性骨折的首位原因，每年约有19.30%的60岁以上的老年人发生跌倒[2-3]。老年人跌倒通常是多方面因素共同作用的结果，常见因素包括年龄增长、身体衰弱、认知障碍、视听障碍、既往跌倒史、慢性疾病、不良生活方式、生活环境等[4-5]。国内外已有研究证实，跌倒的发生也与睡眠时间有关，睡眠不足可能导致老年人白天嗜睡、注意力不集中、反应迟钝，进而增加跌倒风险[6-7]。但相关研究多将睡眠时间作为分类变量研究与跌倒的关联性，较少就睡眠时间的连续变化对跌倒的影响展开分析。故本研究利用限制性立方样条（RCS）模型探索睡眠时长的连续变化与跌倒之间的剂量-反应关系，分析睡眠时长对中老年人跌倒风险的影响，为中老年人跌倒的防控提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本文数据来源于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查（China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study，CHARLS）第五轮数据。纳入标准：（1）年龄≥45岁；（2）人口学数据完整。排除标准：（1）跌倒及睡眠时间等关键数据缺失；（2）数据异常值和无效值。最终纳入18 515例有效样本。
1.2　变量与定义
1.2.1　自变量与因变量
本研究的自变量为睡眠时间，调查对象被询问“过去一个月内平均每天晚上实际睡眠的时间大约为几小时？”，根据回答时长确定睡眠时间。参考美国国家睡眠基金会（National sleep Foundations，NSF）的睡眠时间分类建议[8]，我们将睡眠时间划分为以下5组：<5 h组、5～<7 h组、7～<9 h组、9～<11 h组及≥11 h组。因变量为发生跌倒，调查对象被询问过去两年有没有摔倒过，回答“是”则定义为发生跌倒。
1.2.2　协变量
（1）人口学特征：年龄（45～<60岁、60～<75岁和≥75岁）、性别（男性和女性）、居住地（城镇和农村）、教育水平（小学以下、小学、初中和高中及以上）、婚姻情况（已婚和未婚/分居/离异/丧偶）。（2）健康状况：日常生活活动能力（activities of daily living， ADL）受限（在CHARLS中，ADL量表包括6个方面：穿衣服、吃饭、自行洗澡、控制大小便、使用厕所和上下床。每项评分从1～4分不等，分别代表没有困难、有困难但能独立完成、有困难需他人协助、完全不能完成。当总分>6分时，则认为存在ADL受限的情况）、慢性病共病（CHARLS研究涵盖了15类慢性疾病，包括高血压、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、慢性肺部疾病、脂质代谢紊乱、肝病、肾病、胃病、心脏病、中风、老年痴呆症、帕金森病、情绪及精神障碍、关节炎和哮喘。当个体同时患有上述两种或以上慢性疾病，即为慢性病共病）、因疼痛而难受（没有/很少、有时和经常）。（3）生活方式：参加社交活动（CHARLS中的社交活动包含：①拜访朋友进行社交；②参与如打麻将、下棋、打牌或前往社区活动室等活动；③为不共同居住的亲朋好友或邻居提供帮助；④参与舞蹈、健身、气功等运动；⑤参与各类社团组织的活动；⑥投身志愿服务；⑦继续教育或参加培训课程；⑧其他形式的社交活动。过去一个月参加一项及以上活动即为参加社交活动）、吸烟史（有和无）、饮酒史（有和无）、午休习惯（有和无）、每周运动时长≥30 min（运动包括：①轻度体力活动如散步走；②中等体力活动如骑自行车、拖地、打太极拳、疾走；③重体力活动如搬运重物、挖地、耕作、有氧运动）。
1.3　统计学方法
使用R 4.1.2软件对数据进行处理和分析，涉及的程序包有rms、CompareGroups、forestplot和ggplot2。定量数据以（均数±标准差）表示，定性数据则以频数和百分比（%）表示，组间差异通过χ2检验评估。采用logistic回归分析方法探讨中老年睡眠时间与跌倒的关系。应用RCS模型分析中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒的剂量-反应关系。双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象基本情况
研究纳入18 515例中老年人，平均年龄（61.65±9.74）岁，平均睡眠时间（6.11±1.86） h，发生过跌倒的中老年人有3 185人（17.20%），ADL受限的有4 125人(22.28%)，患慢性病共病有10 787人(58.26%)。
2.2　中老年人跌倒组与非跌倒组基本特征比较
跌倒组与非跌倒组在性别、年龄、居住地、教育水平、婚姻情况、睡眠时间、每周运动时长≥30 min、吸烟史、饮酒史、ADL受限、慢性病共病、因疼痛而难受方面存在显著的统计学差异（P<0.05）；跌倒组与非跌倒组在午休习惯、参加社交活动方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表1。
2.3　中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒的logistic回归分析
以是否发生跌倒为因变量，睡眠时间为自变量，分析中老年人群睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间的关联，在调整协变量（年龄、性别、居住地、教育水平、婚姻情况、每周运动时长≥30 min、吸烟史、饮酒史、ADL受限、慢性病共病、因疼痛而难受）后，结果显示睡眠时间<5、5～<7和≥11 h的中老年人跌倒风险分别是睡眠时间7～<9 h的1.46、1.15和2.01倍，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.4　中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒的剂量-反应关系
将睡眠时间作为连续变量引入RCS模型，选取百分位数P5（3 h）、P27.5（5 h）、P50（6 h）、P72.5（7 h）、P95（9 h）五个节点绘制剂量-反应曲线。在调整协变量包括年龄、性别、居住地、教育水平、婚姻情况、每周运动时长≥30 min、吸烟史、饮酒史、ADL受限、慢性病共病、因疼痛而难受后，睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间呈现出“U”形的非线性关联。如图1所示，当睡眠时间在7.5 h左右时，中老年人群跌倒风险最低。
2.5　中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒的亚组分析
将单因素分析中对跌倒有影响的变量纳入，以中老年人睡眠时长7～9 h为参照，开展多因素亚组分析。结果显示，不同性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻情况、因疼痛而难受、吸烟史、饮酒史、ADL受限、慢性病共病、每周运动时长≥30 min亚组中睡眠时间对跌倒风险的影响不存在交互效应（P交互>0.05）；不同教育水平亚组中睡眠时间对跌倒风险的影响存在交互效应（P交互<0.05），高中及以上教育水平的中老年人其睡眠时间与跌倒关联无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见图2。
3　讨论
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随着我国老龄化程度的不断加深，中老年人群因跌倒致伤致死已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。本研究显示，我国≥45岁中老年人报告两年跌倒发生率为17.20%，高于我国社区老年跌倒发生率（14.30%）[9]，低于美国社区老年人跌倒发生率（25.00%）及印度老年人跌倒发生率（31.00%）[10-11]。这种差别可能跟研究对象年龄范围不同、跌倒统计时长不同，生活居住环境及跌倒定义不同等有关。女性跌倒发生率为19.96%，高于男性跌倒发生率的14.17%，与以往研究结果相似[4]。这可能与男女在生理因素（密度骨、肌肉力量等）、心理因素（跌倒恐惧、抑郁、焦虑等）、社会因素（生活习惯等）的差异有关。
多因素logistic回归调整所有混杂因素后，睡眠时间在<5、5～<7和≥11 h的跌倒风险是睡眠时间在7～<9 h的1.46、1.15和2.01倍，即睡眠时间过短或者睡眠时间过长均会增加中老年人跌倒风险。同样，朱为民等[12]基于中国纵向健康长寿调查(CLHLS)数据发现，< 5和>8 h睡眠时间的人有更大的跌倒风险。RCS模型结果显示，中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间存在“U”形非线性关联，睡眠时间在7.5 h左右时，中老年人群跌倒风险最低，这与李源福[13]等研究相近。本研究中7.5 h最佳睡眠时间也与美国国家睡眠基金会（NSF）推荐的7～8 h中老年人睡眠时长[8]相符。然而关于睡眠时间和跌倒发生之间的关系，目前的研究结果并不完全一致。一项基于美国国家健康和老龄化趋势研究(NHATS)的数据显示，在对疼痛和抑郁变量进行调整后，失眠对跌倒的影响并不显著[14]。另一项研究则显示，短睡眠时间（≤5 h）与跌倒风险增加有关，而长睡眠时间（≥8 h）与跌倒风险之间没有显著关联[15]。
目前睡眠与跌倒之间的机制尚不十分明确，睡眠不足导致跌倒可能的原因有：睡眠不足及睡眠障碍导致α-突触核蛋白病理学改变，该改变是帕金森病、多系统萎缩等进行性神经退行性疾病的最早前驱症状之一[16]；睡眠不足及睡眠障碍导致部分神经生物标志物的性状改变，进而引发认知下降、运动功能障碍和自主神经损伤，老年人因注意力不集中、疲倦、反应迟缓而发生跌倒[17]；睡眠不足使胰岛素抵抗增加，加速体内蛋白质的分解，引发骨骼肌量减少，长此以往老年人平衡能力下降，导致跌倒风险增加[18]；睡眠剥夺后，视觉感知和视觉空间及动眼性被削弱，调节平衡姿势的大脑区域活跃性降低，执行功能和垂直感觉受损[19]；因睡眠问题服用催眠药物，伴随而来直立性低血压、头晕/失衡、镇静、肌肉无力、共济失调等副反应增加跌倒风险[20]。而睡眠过长导致跌倒可能的原因有：长时间的睡眠与肌肉质量下降有关，这种影响随着时间的推移而显现出来，几个月的长时睡眠比一个月的睡眠对肌肉质量损失的影响更大[21]；长时间睡眠可能是潜在睡眠障碍(如睡眠呼吸障碍)的结果，是身体不良状况的反应，这可能导致白天过度嗜睡，并可能增加跌倒的风险[6]；睡眠时间过长还可能增加心血管疾病的风险，进而引发眩晕、乏力等症状，导致跌倒发生增加[22]。
亚组分析显示，大多数亚组间的差异不足以改变睡眠时间与跌倒风险之间的关联。仅在不同教育水平亚组中发现睡眠时间对跌倒风险的影响存在显著差异（P交互<0.05），高中及以上教育水平中老年人的睡眠时长与跌倒风险无统计学关联（P>0.05）。但这并不意味着较高学历人群的睡眠质量或时长对健康没有影响，充足的睡眠对于维持良好的身体功能、认知能力和情绪状态都是非常重要的。
睡眠不足是一个全球性的问题，并在各个年龄组越来越普遍，睡眠不足被认为是一种公共卫生流行病，常被医生和患者忽视，整体报告不足[23]。数据显示，我国40岁及以上的中老年人群中，睡眠不足的比例为30.20%，中老年人群中睡眠不足的流行情况较为普遍[24]。为此，医务人员有必要提高相关认知水平并提供必要的睡眠健康干预措施，如睡眠教育、行为改变方法、心理支持、运动锻炼、药物评估、多组分干预等[25]，以改善中老年人群睡眠质量，降低可能因睡眠问题导致的跌倒，提升健康老龄化水平。
本研究也存在一定局限性：一是睡眠时间与健康状况等变量是由调查对象自我报告的，可能存在回忆偏倚；二是本研究为现况调查，仅分析了中老年人睡眠时间与跌倒的相关性，在证实睡眠时间与跌倒的因果联系上存在不足，后续可采用纵向研究设计，进一步探讨二者的因果关联。
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  • 上海市松江区公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划项目(SJGW6-25)
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2025年第52卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410156
  • 接收时间：2024-10-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-12
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上海市松江区公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划项目(SJGW6-25)
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    1.上海市松江区小昆山镇社区卫生服务中心，上海 201616
    2.上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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