Article(id=1241025213085831999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410373, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729267200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813067932, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813067932, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813067932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813067932, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1246, endPage=1250, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025215036183423, articleId=1241025213085831999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression.

Methods

Based on the data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 7 058 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above were selected as the research subjects. Social activity was measured by the types and frequency of social activities. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depression was measured by the (CES-D 10) scale. Descriptive statistics and partial correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and the Process macro program was used to test the mediating effect.

Results

The mediating effect test showed that social activity among rural middle-aged and elderly people had a direct effect on cognitive ability (β=0.066, 95%CI: 0.039-0.093), accounting for 92.96% of the total effect. Depression (β=0.005, 95%CI: 0.001-0.010), accounting for 7.04% of the total effect, played a mediating role between them.

Conclusion

Improving the social activity of rural middle-aged and elderly people may effectively relieve their depression and promote the protection of cognitive function. Support and promotion of social activities for rural middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened to improve their mental health and cognitive ability.

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目的

本研究旨在探讨我国农村中老年人社交活跃度对认知能力的影响及抑郁的中介作用。

方法

本研究基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,选取7 058名45岁及以上的农村中老人作为研究对象。社交活跃度通过社交活动的种类和频率进行衡量,认知能力通过简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)评估,抑郁以(CES-D 10)量表进行测量。数据分析采用描述性统计和偏相关分析,并使用Process宏程序进行中介效应检验。

结果

中介效应检验显示,农村中老年人社交活跃度对认知能力有直接效应(β=0.066,95%CI:0.039~0.093),占总效应92.96%。抑郁(β=0.005,95%CI:0.001~0.010)占总效应7.04%,在两者之间发挥中介作用。

结论

提升农村中老年人的社交活跃度可能有效缓解其抑郁,促进认知功能的保护,应加强对农村中老年人社交活动的支持与促进,以改善其心理健康及认知能力。

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罗盛,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=frZ7T8DwErJ6a/yZpnyNMg==, magXml=3RZjuF7LoZZF4JKH/QgO6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gF7iRkbuqO3p/c6sDDQKhA==, pdfFileSize=858633, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PsH2eI+Paq8MjJsZ4Fi7kA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JL01JjHjnREDSw+J1a66Uw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘彦旭( 1997-),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理、社会保障、社会医学

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Differences in cognitive ability among rural middleaged and older adults with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别认知能力得分
(
t/FP
年龄(岁)45~5913.03±3.06132.954<0.001
60~6911.76±3.24
70~7911.42±3.29
≥8010.01±3.79
性别女性11.85±3.45-9.780<0.001
男性12.62±3.07
婚姻其他11.09±3.45-10.007<0.001
已婚12.41±3.22
饮酒11.96±3.35-10.244<0.001
12.75±3.09
吸烟12.18±3.34-3.423<0.001
12.47±3.11
锻炼11.66±3.34-4.780<0.001
12.33±3.26
有无慢性病12.71±3.285.657<0.001
12.16±3.26
日常生活能力正常12.52±3.1912.173<0.001
受损11.30±3.40
医疗保险11.33±3.58-4.263<0.001
12.31±3.26
养老保险12.15±3.25-1.2530.210
12.29±3.28
受教育程度小学以下10.55±3.36486.579<0.001
小学12.63±2.84
中学13.48±2.72
高中及以上14.30±2.43
抑郁正常组12.86±3.1218.741<0.001
抑郁组11.38±3.30
社交活动低社交活动11.99±3.34-10.004<0.001
高社交活动12.78±3.07
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225442251239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征农村中老年人的认知能力差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别认知能力得分
(
t/FP
年龄(岁)45~5913.03±3.06132.954<0.001
60~6911.76±3.24
70~7911.42±3.29
≥8010.01±3.79
性别女性11.85±3.45-9.780<0.001
男性12.62±3.07
婚姻其他11.09±3.45-10.007<0.001
已婚12.41±3.22
饮酒11.96±3.35-10.244<0.001
12.75±3.09
吸烟12.18±3.34-3.423<0.001
12.47±3.11
锻炼11.66±3.34-4.780<0.001
12.33±3.26
有无慢性病12.71±3.285.657<0.001
12.16±3.26
日常生活能力正常12.52±3.1912.173<0.001
受损11.30±3.40
医疗保险11.33±3.58-4.263<0.001
12.31±3.26
养老保险12.15±3.25-1.2530.210
12.29±3.28
受教育程度小学以下10.55±3.36486.579<0.001
小学12.63±2.84
中学13.48±2.72
高中及以上14.30±2.43
抑郁正常组12.86±3.1218.741<0.001
抑郁组11.38±3.30
社交活动低社交活动11.99±3.34-10.004<0.001
高社交活动12.78±3.07
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225551303151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of partial correlation analysis (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 社交活跃程度抑郁认知能力
社交活跃程度1.87±2.531.000
抑郁8.89±6.41-0.026*1.000
认知能力12.27±3.270.060***-0.174***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225626800627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

偏相关分析结果(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 社交活跃程度抑郁认知能力
社交活跃程度1.87±2.531.000
抑郁8.89±6.41-0.026*1.000
认知能力12.27±3.270.060***-0.174***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225735852534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1(抑郁)模型2(认知能力)模型3(认知能力)
βtβtβt
年龄0.0570.611-0.527***-11.380-0.522***-11.445
性别-1.361***-7.3100.1361.461-0.0190.201
婚姻-1.842***-7.9430.530***4.5720.371**3.235
饮酒-0.492**-3.0800.299***3.7420.256**3.257
吸烟0.1440.809-0.198*-2.218-0.185*-2.110
锻炼0.1560.6200.2251.7880.2381.924
有无慢性病2.033***11.375-0.166-1.8580.0090.105
日常活动能力程度4.301***23.863-0.582***-6.457-0.211*-2.284
医疗保险0.4581.2170.516**2.7420.555**2.997
受教育程度-0.750***-10.0311.143***30.5851.078***29.084
社交活跃度-0.061*-2.1530.071***5.0580.066***4.756
抑郁-0.086***-14.705
R20.1710.2060.230
F132.401***166.395***175.206**
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225832321533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1(抑郁)模型2(认知能力)模型3(认知能力)
βtβtβt
年龄0.0570.611-0.527***-11.380-0.522***-11.445
性别-1.361***-7.3100.1361.461-0.0190.201
婚姻-1.842***-7.9430.530***4.5720.371**3.235
饮酒-0.492**-3.0800.299***3.7420.256**3.257
吸烟0.1440.809-0.198*-2.218-0.185*-2.110
锻炼0.1560.6200.2251.7880.2381.924
有无慢性病2.033***11.375-0.166-1.8580.0090.105
日常活动能力程度4.301***23.863-0.582***-6.457-0.211*-2.284
医疗保险0.4581.2170.516**2.7420.555**2.997
受教育程度-0.750***-10.0311.143***30.5851.078***29.084
社交活跃度-0.061*-2.1530.071***5.0580.066***4.756
抑郁-0.086***-14.705
R20.1710.2060.230
F132.401***166.395***175.206**
), ArticleFig(id=1241025225924596225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Significance test of mediation effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径关系 效应值(95%CI效应量(%)
直接效应社交活跃度 → 认知能力0.1400.066(0.039 ~ 0.093)92.96
中介效应社交活跃度 → 抑郁 → 认知能力0.0020.005(0.001 ~ 0.010)7.04
总效应社交活跃度 → 认知能力0.1400.071(0.044 ~ 0.099)100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241025226037842437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025213085831999, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应显著性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径关系 效应值(95%CI效应量(%)
直接效应社交活跃度 → 认知能力0.1400.066(0.039 ~ 0.093)92.96
中介效应社交活跃度 → 抑郁 → 认知能力0.0020.005(0.001 ~ 0.010)7.04
总效应社交活跃度 → 认知能力0.1400.071(0.044 ~ 0.099)100.00
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我国农村中老年人社交活跃度与认知能力的影响及抑郁的中介作用研究
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刘彦旭 1 , 宋琦 1 , 薛彩玲 1 , 付国琪 1 , 柴钰霖 1 , 罗莉 2 , 秘玉清 3 , 杜爽心 4 , 罗盛 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(7): 1246-1250
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(7): 1246-1250
我国农村中老年人社交活跃度与认知能力的影响及抑郁的中介作用研究
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刘彦旭1, 宋琦1, 薛彩玲1, 付国琪1, 柴钰霖1, 罗莉2, 秘玉清3, 杜爽心4, 罗盛1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.潍坊市人民医院医保办
  • 3.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 4.山东第二医科大学财务处
  • 刘彦旭( 1997-),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理、社会保障、社会医学

通讯作者:

罗盛,E-mail:
Research on the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression
Yan-xu LIU1, Qi SONG1, Cai-ling XUE1, Guo-qi FU1, Yu-lin CHAI1, Li LUO2, Yu-qing MI3, Shuang-xin DU4, Sheng LUO1
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410373
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目的

本研究旨在探讨我国农村中老年人社交活跃度对认知能力的影响及抑郁的中介作用。

方法

本研究基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,选取7 058名45岁及以上的农村中老人作为研究对象。社交活跃度通过社交活动的种类和频率进行衡量,认知能力通过简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)评估,抑郁以(CES-D 10)量表进行测量。数据分析采用描述性统计和偏相关分析,并使用Process宏程序进行中介效应检验。

结果

中介效应检验显示,农村中老年人社交活跃度对认知能力有直接效应(β=0.066,95%CI:0.039~0.093),占总效应92.96%。抑郁(β=0.005,95%CI:0.001~0.010)占总效应7.04%,在两者之间发挥中介作用。

结论

提升农村中老年人的社交活跃度可能有效缓解其抑郁,促进认知功能的保护,应加强对农村中老年人社交活动的支持与促进,以改善其心理健康及认知能力。

社交活跃度  /  抑郁  /  认知能力  /  农村中老年人
Objective

To explore the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression.

Methods

Based on the data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 7 058 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above were selected as the research subjects. Social activity was measured by the types and frequency of social activities. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depression was measured by the (CES-D 10) scale. Descriptive statistics and partial correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and the Process macro program was used to test the mediating effect.

Results

The mediating effect test showed that social activity among rural middle-aged and elderly people had a direct effect on cognitive ability (β=0.066, 95%CI: 0.039-0.093), accounting for 92.96% of the total effect. Depression (β=0.005, 95%CI: 0.001-0.010), accounting for 7.04% of the total effect, played a mediating role between them.

Conclusion

Improving the social activity of rural middle-aged and elderly people may effectively relieve their depression and promote the protection of cognitive function. Support and promotion of social activities for rural middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened to improve their mental health and cognitive ability.

Social activity  /  Depression  /  Cognitive ability  /  Rural middle-aged and elderly people
刘彦旭, 宋琦, 薛彩玲, 付国琪, 柴钰霖, 罗莉, 秘玉清, 杜爽心, 罗盛. 我国农村中老年人社交活跃度与认知能力的影响及抑郁的中介作用研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1246 -1250 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410373
Yan-xu LIU, Qi SONG, Cai-ling XUE, Guo-qi FU, Yu-lin CHAI, Li LUO, Yu-qing MI, Shuang-xin DU, Sheng LUO. Research on the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1246 -1250 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410373
随着全球老龄化进程的加速,认知健康问题日益受到广泛关注。认知能力下降通常始于中年[1],且认知功能障碍的患病率呈现持续上升趋势[2],尤其在我国农村地区,其患病率明显高于城镇居民[3]。农村中老年群体作为特殊的社会群体,不仅面临着普遍性的老龄化挑战,还往往面临薄弱的经济基础、不良的生活习惯和环境以及较低的教育水平等问题[4]。这些因素相互交织,共同加剧了该群体认知功能衰退的风险,使得农村地区成为认知功能障碍防治工作的重点关注区域[5]
现有研究发现,认知功能障碍不仅会对个体产生重大影响,也给家庭和社会带来沉重负担,尽管目前尚无有效药物能够治愈认知功能障碍[6],但多项研究表明,参加社交活动可以降低认知功能衰退的风险[7-8],积极的社交活动可以提供认知刺激,从而延缓认知功能的衰退。此外抑郁作为常见的心理健康之一,与社交活动之间有密切关系[9],社交活动能增加人际互动的机会,获得情感支持,减少负面情绪,改善心理健康。另一方面抑郁会通过损害记忆力、注意力和执行功能等方式,对认知功能产生负面影响[10]
然而,目前的研究多数通过简单的社交项数,或“有无”方式衡量样本的社交情况,未能全面反映社交活动的复杂性。此外研究对象多集中在老年人群体,鲜有涉及在农村中老年人群体。本文参考刘海虹等人[11]研究,采用“社交活跃度”指标,综合考虑社交项目的种类和社交频度,来衡量农村中老年人社交活动的活跃程度。基于最新的2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)数据,分析社交活跃度对认知能力的影响,并探讨抑郁在社交活跃度与认知能力之间的中介效应,为改善农村中老年人认知功能衰退、提高其整体健康水平,制定有效的干预措施提供参考。
本研究基于CHARLS(2020)数据[12],该数据获得了北京大学(IRB00001052-11015)生物医学伦理委员会的批准。CHARLS数据调查对象是我国城乡的中老年人,问卷包含了涉及中老年人健康各领域的个人基础信息、社交情况、抑郁状况以及认知能力等方面的信息。本研究选取45岁及以上的农村中老年人作为研究对象,最终得出7 058份样本。具体筛选过程见图1
本研究的核心自变量为社交活跃度。根据CHARLS询问了受访者八种可能社交活动:串门、跟朋友交往;打麻将、下棋、打牌、去社区活动室;向不住在一起的亲人、朋友或者邻居提供帮助;跳舞、健身、练气功等;参加社团组织活动;志愿者活动或者慈善活动或照顾不住在一起的病人或残疾人;上学或者参加培训课程;其他社交活动。问卷通过“过去一个月,每隔多长时间会做参加的社交活动?”,用以上述社交项目和社交频率来表示社交活动指标,衡量农村中老年人社交活动的活跃程度。社交活跃度的得分计算方法为C=∑(Ai*Fi)[13]。其中,C代表社交活跃度,Ai表示社交活动有无分别取值1或0,Fi则表示每一项社交的频率分为不经常、差不多每周、差不多每天,根据赋值取值为1~3。社交活跃度的理论取值范围为0~24,根据样本回答结果而计算得到的实际取值范围为0~18。0~2为社交活跃度低,3~18为社交活跃度高[14]
本研究的因变量是认知能力,其评估基于CHALS问卷中的简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)。该量表包含两个维度:情景记忆和精神状态[15]。其中情景记忆能力是通过即时记忆和延时记忆测试进行评估,测试内容包含10个词语,每正确回忆1个词语为1分,最终的记忆力得分为两次记忆的平均分。精神状态则是通过对日期和季节认知,计算以及画图能力的测试获得,满分为11分。认知能力总得分由情景记忆和精神状态得分相加得出,范围为0~21分,得分越高,认知能力越好。
本研究的中介变量采用简版流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评分来衡量心理健康状况[16]。CHARLS问卷中(CES-D)量表包含10个条目,每个条目的回答选项分为四个等级:很少或根本没有(少于1 d)、不太多(1~2 d)、有时或大约一半的时间(3~4 d)、大多数的时间(5~7 d),对应得分范围为0~3分。量表中有积极情绪的第五项和第八项的得分进行反向计分,分值调整为3~0分。CES-D量表学界普遍采用10分作为界分点,总分范围为0~30分,得分越高,抑郁越严重。
本研究参考了CINELLI等人[17]在因果推断领域关于选择控制变量的指导原则,根据相关文献[18]和结合实际。控制变量包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、饮酒、吸烟、锻炼、有无慢性病、日常活动能力是否受损、是否拥有医疗保险和养老保险以及受教育程度等。
使用Stata 18.0软件对纳人研究的数据进行筛选和整理,使用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以()表示;计数资料采用构成比和率表示。采用t检验或方差分析比较不同特征农村中老年人认知能力的差异,采用偏相关分析探讨社交活跃度、抑郁、认知能力的关系,利用SPSS中Hayes编制的插件PROCESS(version4.2)中的Model 4[19]进行中介效应检验,检验水准α=0.05。
在7 058名研究对象中,平均年龄(61.42 ± 8.67)岁,女性3 177(45.01%)人,男性3 881(54.99%)人,89.33%的已婚。在生活方式方面,现在不喝酒的较多,4 253人(60.26%);现在不吸烟的也较多,4 883人(69.18%);绝大部分农村中老年人锻炼,达91.51%。超80%的农村中老年人有慢性病,日常活动能力受损的有1 417(20.08%)人,96.44%的研究对象拥有医疗保险,86.75%的研究对象拥有养老保险,此外研究对象的教育程度普遍偏低,小学及以下的有4 509人(63.88%)。
t检验或方差分析比较结果显示农村中老年的认知能力在年龄、性别、婚姻、饮酒、吸烟、锻炼、有无慢性病、日常活动能力、是否有医疗保险、受教育程度等方面的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),并将其作为协变量纳入回归模型。见表1
在控制年龄、性别、婚姻、饮酒、吸烟、锻炼、有无慢性病、日常活动能力、是否有医疗保险、受教育程度进行偏相关分析。结果显示,农村中老年人社交活跃度与抑郁之间呈负相关关系(r=-0.026),与认知能力之间呈正相关关系(r=0.060),抑郁与认知能力之间呈负相关关系(r=-0.174),所有结果均具有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。见表2
本研究以社交活跃度为自变量,控制协变量后进行分析。中介效应分析以抑郁作为中介变量,以认知能力作为因变量。结果显示,模型1和模型2将抑郁和认知能力视为因变量,分析结果表明,社交活跃度对抑郁(β=-0.061, t=-2.153)和认知能力(β=0.071, t=5.058)均有影响,且在P<0.05水平下具有统计学意义。模型3则是在模型2基础上加入抑郁变量。结果显示,社交活跃度和抑郁均对认知能力(β=0.066、-0.086, t=4.756、-14.705)有显著影响,且在P<0.001水平下具有统计学意义。同时,R2值由0.206上升到0.230,表明引入抑郁变量后模型的解释力度得到增强。此外社交活跃度的偏回归系数由0.071下降为0.066,表明抑郁在社交活跃度与认知能力之间存在部分中介效应。见表3
本研究通过bootstrap检验,分析农村中老年人社交活跃度、抑郁和认知能力的中介效应。采用随机重复抽样5 000次,结果显示中介效应的bootstrap 95%置信区间不包含0,表明中介效应显著。抑郁在农村中老年人社交活跃度对认知能力的影响中起到部分中介作用。见表4图2
本研究发现我国农村中老年群体社交活动水平整体显示出低活跃特征,抑郁的检出率为39.76%,与蔡雨彤等[20]利用2018年数据(40.3%)的研究结果基本一致,表明抑郁患病率较高,情况堪忧。农村中老年人的平均认知能力得分为(12.27±3.27)分,与孙宇超等[21]研究成果相近。
研究发现,社交活跃度对认知能力呈正相关。参与社交活动不仅可以维护或扩大老年人的社交网络,还可以帮助老年人保持正常的认知能力[22]。同时社交活跃度对抑郁呈负相关,社交活动对心理健康具有显著的改善作用,积极的社交参与可以降低老年人的抑郁水平[23]。此外本研究显示抑郁对整体认知能力存在负向影响,这与韦慧燕等[24]研究结果一致,抑郁是认知功能障碍的危险因素。虽然当前尚未明确抑郁与认知功能的作用机制,但一些临床研究表明,抑郁与神经退行性病变、血管损伤及神经炎性变化相关,这些因素可能导致认知功能受损[25],影响认知能力。
本研究发现社交活跃度对认知能力产生直接影响,抑郁作为中介,可能会在其之间产生间接影响。已有研究表明拥有广泛社交网络的个体有更多机会获得物质资源或健康相关信息,这些因素有助于促使健康行为的形成,从而有效减缓认知能力下降的风险[26]。根据活动理论[27],参与社交活动能够过满足老年人的心理和社会需求,进而缓解衰老对健康的负面影响。高活跃度的社交活动能够提供归属感和意义感等多种情感上的益处,相比家庭网络,友谊网络的社交群体间的成员可以在面对压力事件时提供重要的支持时,也对心理健康提供更有力的保护[28]。而抑郁的中介作用可能体现在,积极参与社交活动有助于满足中老年人情感支持需求,进而促进良好的心理状态。然而,当中老年人精神状态及心态不佳时,则可能出现的抑郁情绪会干扰对信息的感知和解读[29],从而对认知功能产生负面影响。鉴于此,应重视农村中老年人社交活动和心理健康,保持积极心态,这对于改善认知功能具有重要意义,未来的研究应继续探索这一关系,为促进农村中老年人的健康提供更为有效的干预策略。
政府应合理规划和完善相关设施,建设中老年友好型社会,为农村中老年人提供良好的社交基础设施,以满足多样化需求[30]。社区可通过建立兴趣活动室等,创造良好的社交环境。家庭成员应给予更多的支持[31],同时农村中老年人应积极参与社交活动,维护社交网络,保持认知功能。
本研究仍存在一定的局限性。一是,采用的是横断面数据,难以明确因果关系,未来可通过纵向数据追踪不同时间点的变化;二是,部分数据来源于受访者自我报告,可能存在主观偏差。
  • 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG 027)
  • 山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010)
  • 山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067)
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2025年第52卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410373
  • 接收时间:2024-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-19
基金
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MG004; ZR2019MG 027)
山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010)
山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.潍坊市人民医院医保办
    3.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
    4.山东第二医科大学财务处

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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