Article(id=1241025212536378145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408426, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724256000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813067802, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813067802, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813067802, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813067802, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1319, endPage=1323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025212905476926, articleId=1241025212536378145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Comparison of the effects of sample pretreatment methods for the determination of six elements in whole blood by ICP-MS, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To compare the effects of different sample pretreatment methods on the determination of six elements [iron (Fe),copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr)] in whole blood by ICP-MS, so as to optimize the pretreatment process of whole blood samples and improve the accuracy and reliability of detection.

Methods

Appropriate amounts of whole blood samples were taken. The collision mode was applied to eliminate interference, and quality control samples were used for quality control. The detection effects of sample pretreatment methods including microwave digestion, protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, direct dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100, and dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100 followed by centrifugation were compared.

Results

When the samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, the detection results of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in the centrifuged supernatant were found to be low, and the effects on iron, manganese and nickel were the most significant. In addition, when the HNO3 concentration was 0.2% - 1% (V/V), the measured contents of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium after dilution followed by centrifugation were all lower than those by direct dilution method and microwave digestion method. When the HNO3 concentration was 0.1% (V/V),there was no significant difference between the results of direct dilution and dilution followed by centrifugation of the six elements compared with the microwave digestion method. Finally, dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) followed by centrifugation was used as the pretreatment condition. The method detection limits of the six elements were between 0.10 μg/L and 0.24 mg/L, the correlation coefficients r was all greater than 0.999, and the measured values of the quality control samples were consistent with the standard reference values.

Conclusion

Compared with other pretreatment methods, using 0.1% HNO3 +0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) dilution followed by centrifugation as the pretreatment condition is simple, fast and accurate, and can be applied to the determination of iron, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in whole blood.

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目的

本研究旨在比较不同样品前处理方法对ICP-MS法测定全血中6种元素[铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)和锶(Sr)]的效果,以优化全血样品的前处理流程,提高检测的准确性和可靠性。

方法

取适量全血样品,应用碰撞模式消除干扰,采用质量控制样品进行质量控制,比较微波消解、5%硝酸脱蛋白离心、0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100直接稀释、0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100稀释离心样品前处理方法的检测效果。

结果

实验用5%硝酸脱蛋白后离心样品,结果发现铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素在离心上清液中检测结果偏低,其中铁、锰和镍元素影响最为显著;此外,当HNO3浓度为0.2%~1%(V/V)时,铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素稀释后离心测定含量均低于直接稀释法和微波消解法。当HNO3浓度为0.1%(V/V)时,6种元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定的结果与微波消解法比较无明显差别,实验最终采用0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)稀释离心作为前处理条件,6种元素方法检出限在0.10 μg/L~0.24 mg/L之间,相关系数r均大于0.999,质量控制样品测定值与标准参考值相符合。

结论

与其他前处理方法相比,采用0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)稀释离心作为前处理条件具有简单、快速、准确的特点,可应用于全血中铁、铜、锰、镍、锌和锶元素的测定。

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姜岳明,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9aUzP5gjCfKJUmzcyJUf6g==, magXml=21MpCylDWe8uUEeXvUfvPw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2GymtXnSM3Aa5I+3p6/6+A==, pdfFileSize=669094, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6x5lzSj1jCg6BlIjEWvygw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3Za3nzjCd+uJNG3SmbI6Rw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李燕(1982—),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:职业卫生检测

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李燕(1982—),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:职业卫生检测

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Standard curves and detection limits of 6 elements in human whole blood by ICP-MS

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元素内标元素检出限(μg/L)方法检出限(μg/L)测定范围(μg/L)回归方程相关系数
0.0050.100.10~32y=0.146x+0.083 70.999 9
0.0270.540.54~4.0y=1.1776x+0.028 90.999 4
0.0390.780.78~100y=0.356x+0.001 20.999 3
1.11822.422.4~400y=0.067x+0.003 20.999 8
0.0230.460.46~4.0y=0.745x+0.005 60.999 9
0.012 mg/L0.24 mg/L0.24 μg/L~60 mg/Ly=0.523x+0.004 10.999 6
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ICP-MS检测人全血中6种元素标准曲线和检出限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素内标元素检出限(μg/L)方法检出限(μg/L)测定范围(μg/L)回归方程相关系数
0.0050.100.10~32y=0.146x+0.083 70.999 9
0.0270.540.54~4.0y=1.1776x+0.028 90.999 4
0.0390.780.78~100y=0.356x+0.001 20.999 3
1.11822.422.4~400y=0.067x+0.003 20.999 8
0.0230.460.46~4.0y=0.745x+0.005 60.999 9
0.012 mg/L0.24 mg/L0.24 μg/L~60 mg/Ly=0.523x+0.004 10.999 6
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Results of analysis of lyophilized standards of whole blood (n=6)

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元素标准值直接稀释测定值稀释离心测定值
329 mg/L323 mg/L304 mg/L
920±80 μg/L820 μg/L860 μg/L
22.5±1.8 μg/L23.4 μg/L25.5 μg/L
10.1±2.0 μg/L12.9 μg/L12.0 μg/L
6 200±1 300 μg/L5 700 μg/L5 300 μg/L
49±10 μg/L47.6 μg/L48.0 μg/L
), ArticleFig(id=1241025220094513354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025212536378145, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

全血冻干标准物质分析结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素标准值直接稀释测定值稀释离心测定值
329 mg/L323 mg/L304 mg/L
920±80 μg/L820 μg/L860 μg/L
22.5±1.8 μg/L23.4 μg/L25.5 μg/L
10.1±2.0 μg/L12.9 μg/L12.0 μg/L
6 200±1 300 μg/L5 700 μg/L5 300 μg/L
49±10 μg/L47.6 μg/L48.0 μg/L
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ICP-MS法测定全血中6种元素的样品前处理方法效果比较
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李燕 1 , 方媛媛 2 , 宁攀良 1 , 姜岳明 2
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(7): 1319-1323
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(7): 1319-1323
ICP-MS法测定全血中6种元素的样品前处理方法效果比较
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李燕1, 方媛媛2, 宁攀良1, 姜岳明2
作者信息
  • 1.广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西医科大学,广西 南宁 530021
  • 李燕(1982—),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:职业卫生检测

通讯作者:

姜岳明,E-mail:
Comparison of the effects of sample pretreatment methods for the determination of six elements in whole blood by ICP-MS
Yan LI1, Yuan-yuan FANG2, Pan-liang NING1, Yue-ming JIANG2
Affiliations
  • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408426
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目的

本研究旨在比较不同样品前处理方法对ICP-MS法测定全血中6种元素[铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)和锶(Sr)]的效果,以优化全血样品的前处理流程,提高检测的准确性和可靠性。

方法

取适量全血样品,应用碰撞模式消除干扰,采用质量控制样品进行质量控制,比较微波消解、5%硝酸脱蛋白离心、0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100直接稀释、0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100稀释离心样品前处理方法的检测效果。

结果

实验用5%硝酸脱蛋白后离心样品,结果发现铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素在离心上清液中检测结果偏低,其中铁、锰和镍元素影响最为显著;此外,当HNO3浓度为0.2%~1%(V/V)时,铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素稀释后离心测定含量均低于直接稀释法和微波消解法。当HNO3浓度为0.1%(V/V)时,6种元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定的结果与微波消解法比较无明显差别,实验最终采用0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)稀释离心作为前处理条件,6种元素方法检出限在0.10 μg/L~0.24 mg/L之间,相关系数r均大于0.999,质量控制样品测定值与标准参考值相符合。

结论

与其他前处理方法相比,采用0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)稀释离心作为前处理条件具有简单、快速、准确的特点,可应用于全血中铁、铜、锰、镍、锌和锶元素的测定。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法  /  微量元素  /  全血  /  前处理
Objective

To compare the effects of different sample pretreatment methods on the determination of six elements [iron (Fe),copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr)] in whole blood by ICP-MS, so as to optimize the pretreatment process of whole blood samples and improve the accuracy and reliability of detection.

Methods

Appropriate amounts of whole blood samples were taken. The collision mode was applied to eliminate interference, and quality control samples were used for quality control. The detection effects of sample pretreatment methods including microwave digestion, protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, direct dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100, and dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100 followed by centrifugation were compared.

Results

When the samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with 5% nitric acid followed by centrifugation, the detection results of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in the centrifuged supernatant were found to be low, and the effects on iron, manganese and nickel were the most significant. In addition, when the HNO3 concentration was 0.2% - 1% (V/V), the measured contents of iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium after dilution followed by centrifugation were all lower than those by direct dilution method and microwave digestion method. When the HNO3 concentration was 0.1% (V/V),there was no significant difference between the results of direct dilution and dilution followed by centrifugation of the six elements compared with the microwave digestion method. Finally, dilution with 0.1% HNO3 + 0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) followed by centrifugation was used as the pretreatment condition. The method detection limits of the six elements were between 0.10 μg/L and 0.24 mg/L, the correlation coefficients r was all greater than 0.999, and the measured values of the quality control samples were consistent with the standard reference values.

Conclusion

Compared with other pretreatment methods, using 0.1% HNO3 +0.01% Triton X-100 (V/V) dilution followed by centrifugation as the pretreatment condition is simple, fast and accurate, and can be applied to the determination of iron, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and strontium in whole blood.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  /  Trace elements  /  Whole blood  /  Pretreatment
李燕, 方媛媛, 宁攀良, 姜岳明. ICP-MS法测定全血中6种元素的样品前处理方法效果比较. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1319 -1323 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408426
Yan LI, Yuan-yuan FANG, Pan-liang NING, Yue-ming JIANG. Comparison of the effects of sample pretreatment methods for the determination of six elements in whole blood by ICP-MS[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1319 -1323 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408426
微量元素是支持多种生物功能所必需的无机物[1],了解生物样品中微量元素的含量范围,可以进一步掌握其与个体健康之间的关系。多种疾病与元素的含量有关[2-9],通过对这些元素的检测,可以为临床诊断提供更准确、全面的信息,有助于疾病的诊断和治疗。血液中蛋白与元素的结合关系是一个复杂而重要的生物化学过程,在生理功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。在全血中,血红蛋白与铁(Fe)的亲和力非常高,这使得它能够在血液中有效地维持铁的稳态[10]。锰(Mn)是一种重要的微量元素,血中的锰与α 2-巨球蛋白结合,氧化后被循环到各组织中去[11]。镍(Ni)是一种必需的微量元素,有研究发现,镍能够与α2-巨球蛋白形成稳定的复合物,这种结合使镍能够在血液中以一种生物可利用的形式存在,并参与各种生物过程[12]。研究还发现,α2-巨球蛋白能以高亲和力结合血浆锌(Zn),这种结合对于确保锌的生物利用度和生理功能至关重要[13]。此外,锶(Sr)可以与各种钙结合蛋白相互作用从而影响钙的吸收[14]。铜(Cu)具有与铁相似的化学性质,血中铜可以与铜蓝蛋白结合成稳定的复合物,这使得铜可以有效地被运输到需要的组织和细胞中[15]。从20世纪90年代开始,电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)因其比原子吸收分光光度法灵敏度高,且可以同时测定多个元素的优点而被广泛使用[16-17]。目前全血中元素测定的前处理方法主要有微波消解法[16]、直接稀释法[17]、稀释离心法[18]和酸脱蛋白法[19]等。不同元素依据其独特的生理功能,能够特异性地与相应蛋白结合形成复合物。在化学环境发生改变以及离心作用施加的情况下,蛋白分子的稳定性容易受到干扰,进而有可能发生沉淀现象。鉴于此,采用不同的样品前处理方式处理样品时,将会对最终的检测结果产生各异的影响效果,这种影响差异在相关研究及检测实践中不容忽视,值得深入探讨与分析。本文选择全血中与蛋白有结合作用的代表性元素铁、铜、锰、镍、锌和锶作为研究重点,比较微波消解、稀释后离心、直接稀释和硝酸脱蛋白等前处理方法的检测效果,建立了一种简单快速同时测定全血中铁、铜、锰、镍、锌和锶的电感耦合等离子体-质谱法,并应用于实际工作中。
NexION2000G型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(美国Perkin Elmer公司),S25型自动进样器(美国Perkin Elmer公司);Simplicity Aquelix超纯水仪(美国Millipore公司);H2050R高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司);多管涡旋振荡器(广东科寅实验室设备有限公司);微波消解仪(培安有限公司)。所有容器均用1%硝酸溶液浸泡过夜,超纯水冲洗晾干后备用。
铁、锰、铜、镍、锌和锶混合标准溶液(100 μg/ml,美国Perkin Elmer公司);钪(Sc)、钇(Y)、镥(Lu)混合内标溶液(10 μg/L,美国Perkin Elmer公司);Triton X-100(优级纯,美国Rohm & Haas公司);HNO3(电子级,苏州晶瑞化学有限公司);全血冻干质量控制标准物质(Seronorm Trace Elements Whole Blood L-2,挪威Seronorm公司)。
全血基体复杂,氯化钠和有机碳含量高,多原子等质谱干扰多,如56Fe会受到40Ar16OH+的干扰;55Mn会受到40Ar15N+37Cl18O+离子的干扰;23Na35Cl+40Ca18O+离子对58Ni造成干扰;33S16O2+离子会影响66Zn的测定;63Cu会受到16O12C35Cl+离子的干扰等。仪器采用碰撞模式(KED)可以消除可能存在的质谱干扰,以提供恒定的背景信号。
用调谐液调试仪器至最佳操作条件,采用碰撞模式,并对仪器的氧化性进行测定。射频功率1 300 W、雾化器流量1.02 L/min、辅助气流量1.20 L/min、轴场电压500.0 V。铁元素测定采用电子稀释功能,剔除参数a(Rpa)设置为0.013。
采血部位先进行清洗、消毒,使用合格的一次性采血针采集>2 ml的静脉血于含肝素钠的抗凝管中,摇晃使血液与抗凝剂混匀,冷藏4℃保存。全血样品采样经广西壮族自治区工人医院伦理委员会批准,伦理审批号[2023015]。
将全血样品自4 ℃环境取出并放置室温,混匀后准确吸取0.5 ml全血样品置于微波消解罐中,加入5.0 ml的HNO3,混匀。同时做一组试剂空白。将混匀的样品进行微波消解。消解完成以后赶酸至0.5 ml,待消解罐冷却至室温,将消解液转移至15.0 ml离心管中,用超纯水定容至10.0 ml,待测。
将全血样品自4℃环境取出并放置室温,使用涡旋振荡器混匀,准确吸取0.5 ml全血样品于15.0 ml塑料离心管中,分别加入(1%、0.2%、0.1%) HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100稀释液(V/V)进行20倍稀释,稀释样品待测定。稀释样品以2 000 r/min条件(离心半径9.5 cm)离心2 min,吸取上清液待测。
将全血样品自4 ℃环境取出并放置室温,混匀后,准确吸取0.5 ml全血样品于15.0 ml塑料离心管中,加入5%(V/V)HNO3进行20倍稀释,涡旋振荡混匀后,以2 000 r/min条件(离心半径9.5 cm)离心2 min,取上清液待测。
使用美国Perkin Elmer公司混合标准储备液,在使用前逐级稀释成所需的标准系列浓度。标准测定范围见表1
在仪器最佳条件下,用10 μg/L的钪、钇、镥作为内标物,通过三通阀加入,采用碰撞模式消除干扰,校正基体效应,测定全血样品和质量控制样品。
测定全血空白样品11次,以测定值3倍相对标准偏差计算各元素检出限;本实验方法对全血样品稀释倍数为20倍,因此,各元素检出限乘以20得各元素的方法检出限,方法检出限为0.10 μg/L~0.24 mg/L。铁、锰、铜、镍、锌和锶线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.999。各元素检出限、方法检出限、测定范围、相关系数及回归方程见表1
依据各自的生理功能,不同元素会特异性地与相应蛋白相结合。蛋白分子在化学环境改变和离心作用下,其稳定性受到影响而可能会发生沉淀,不同的样品前处理方式会对最终检测结果产生不同影响。根据全血样品的生物特性,本实验比较了微波消解法、5%(V/V)硝酸脱蛋白离心法、(1%、0.2%、0.1%)HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)直接稀释、(1.0%、0.2%、0.1%)HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)稀释后离心等前处理方法对测定结果的影响。将微波消解法的测定值作为1,以其他前处理方法测定值相对微波消解法的比值作图,结果见图1
5%(V/V)硝酸脱蛋白会使全血样品蛋白沉降现象明显,无法直接检测。5%(V/V)硝酸脱蛋白离心后取上清液进行测定,结果显示,铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素测定含量低于微波消解法,其中铁、锰、镍元素影响最大,铜元素硝酸脱蛋白后检测结果与微波消解法无明显差别。
Triton X-100是一种具有延展性的表面活性剂,可以溶解细胞膜和防止蛋白沉降,常作为全血测定的稀释剂。Triton X-100浓度过高会导致稀释液过于粘稠,不利于测定。在已颁布实施的标准方法中,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定全血中元素通常选择0.01%的Triton X-100作为测定条件[20-22]。依据已有的标准方法,本研究选择Triton X-100浓度为0.01%(V/V)。样品稀释液加入一定浓度的HNO3可以增加元素的稳定性,实验通常会将HNO3和Triton X-100按一定浓度配比作为样品的稀释溶液。结果显示,当HNO3浓度为1%(V/V)时,铜元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定结果与微波消解法比较无明显差别;铁、锰、镍、锌元素直接稀释和稀释后离心的测定值低于微波消解法,且稀释后离心的测定值均低于直接稀释的测定值。当HNO3浓度为0.2%(V/V)时,铁、镍元素直接稀释后测定结果略高于微波消解法,铁、锰、镍、锌和锶元素稀释后离心测定含量均低于直接稀释法和微波消解法,铜元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定与微波消解法比较差别不大。当HNO3浓度为0.1%(V/V)时,6种元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定的结果与微波消解法比较无明显差别。
全血基体复杂,直接稀释测定容易造成仪器管路堵塞。综合考虑后,选择体积分数为0.1%HNO3+0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)作为稀释液的组成,全血样品稀释后离心作为前处理条件。
稀释倍数会对测定结果产生一定的影响。稀释倍数小,检出限低,但全血样品中铁、铜、锌元素含量较高,稀释倍数过小不利于测定;在多元素同时测定时,稀释倍数过大又会提高方法的检出限,不利于低浓度样品的测定。综合考虑,将稀释倍数定为20倍作为样品的稀释倍数。
为了考察方法的准确度,采用0.1%HNO3-0.01%Triton X-100(V/V)作为稀释液,比较了直接稀释和稀释后离心对全血冻干标准物质(Seronorm Trace Elements Whole Blood L-2)的测定效果,结果见表2,两种前处理方式测定值与标准参考值基本相符合。
不同元素凭借其特有的生理功能属性,可特异性地与特定蛋白发生相互作用并结合。当化学、物理环境发生变化时,元素与蛋白所形成复合物的变化过程极为复杂,该过程与蛋白质的分子大小、浓度等多种因素密切相关。全血中存在铁与血红蛋白,锰、锌、镍等与α2-巨球蛋白,锶与钙结合蛋白,铜与铜蓝蛋白等的紧密结合关系[10-15]。血红蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和钙结合蛋白属大分子蛋白,易受化学环境变化及离心力影响。实验结果显示,当HNO3浓度为0.2%~5%(V/V)时,除铜外,另5种元素经稀释离心后测定含量低于直接稀释法和微波消解法,推测原因是相关蛋白在高浓度酸及离心条件下更易沉淀。而铜元素在5%硝酸脱蛋白、直接稀释及稀释后离心测定结果与微波消解法差别不大,推测是正常酸和离心条件难以使铜蓝蛋白沉淀且其更易留于上清液中。当HNO3浓度为0.1%(V/V)时,6种元素直接稀释和稀释后离心测定结果与微波消解法无明显差别,表明在此酸浓度下,上述各类蛋白均不会因变性而离心沉淀。
此外,全血中蛋白质浓度也与机体的元素代谢情况相关。部分研究显示,血红蛋白浓度与铁浓度二者呈负相关[23],牙周炎会降低血红蛋白浓度并扰乱铁代谢的平衡,进一步证实了铁与血红蛋白浓度之间的紧密联系[24]。铜蓝蛋白是血液中主要的铜转运蛋白[25],承担65%~90%铜的运输[26],其浓度受多种因素影响,低浓度与铜缺乏症相关[27],高浓度则与肝病或炎症反应有关[28]。α2-巨球蛋白在血浆中浓度较高,可与锰、镍、锌等金属离子相互作用[29-32]。虽然与镍相互作用的α2-巨球蛋白浓度数据有限,但其在镍代谢与功能中作用重要[29]。此外,尽管以往文献对α 2-巨球蛋白浓度与锰的关系未作详尽阐述,但α2-巨球蛋白的浓度变动或许与锰的生理状态存在联系[30]。正常生理条件下,α2-巨球蛋白在(2.4±0.6) μmol/L浓度范围与锌结合稳定[31],特殊状态下其水平升高可影响锌的生物利用度[32]。荧光实验显示,使用12~17 μM的钙结合蛋白与锶离子结合可致苯丙氨酸荧光猝灭,证实二者存在特定的相互作用[33]
整体而言,不同人群全血中各类蛋白质的浓度因生理状态的差异而有所不同,与之相结合的元素浓度在不同人群中也可能存在差别,需要考虑多个因素,才能获得准确的健康评估。本文所采用的测定方法仅针对正常人群全血中铁、锰、锌、镍、锶和铜元素的测定状况展开探究,该方法在其他人群的测定影响仍有待进一步研究。
  • 广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科技研究计划课题(Z-A20230411)
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2025年第52卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408426
  • 接收时间:2024-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-22
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广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科技研究计划课题(Z-A20230411)
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    1.广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西医科大学,广西 南宁 530021

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姜岳明,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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