Article(id=1241025209197720439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731600000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813067005, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813067005, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813067005, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813067005, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1228, endPage=1234, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025210581840827, articleId=1241025209197720439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of pomegranate peel extract on the gut microbiota of vanadium-exposed mice, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the alterations in gut microbiota following the oral administration of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in vanadium-exposed mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of vanadium toxicity and its prevention and treatment.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects and randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three PPE dosage groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were administered sodium metavanadate solution via intraperitoneal injection (3 mg/kg, once every 2 days) for modeling, and PPE was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg every 2 days. The control group received physiological saline. At the end of 12 weeks, fecal samples were collected to extract gut bacterial genomic DNA for amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test.

Results

Long-term vanadium exposure resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial abundance, with a reduction in OTU numbers (P < 0.05).The α-diversity indices, including Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The β-diversity analysis, represented by PCoA and NMDS plots, showed significant differentiation. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansiaceae significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased (P < 0.05).However, low and medium doses of PPE were able to partially restore the reduction in gut microbiota abundance and diversity caused by vanadium exposure (P < 0.05), bringing the abundance of affected characteristic bacterial groups back to normal levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Vanadium exposure leads to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in mice, while low and medium doses of PPE intervention can effectively improve the gut microbiota disorder induced by vanadium exposure.

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目的

探索钒暴露小鼠经消化道摄入石榴皮提取物(pomegranate peel extract, PPE)后肠道菌群的改变,为钒毒性作用机理及防治提供新思路。

方法

以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,随机分为对照组、模型组和3个PPE剂量组,每组10只。偏钒酸钠溶液腹腔注射染毒(3 mg/kg,1次/2 d)造模,按照100、200和400 mg/kg,每2 d腹腔注射1次PPE,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,于12周末采集小鼠粪便提取肠道细菌基因组16S rDNA进行扩增和测序,基于单因素方差分析和SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls)检验进行统计学分析。

结果

长期钒暴露导致小鼠肠道细菌丰度降低,OTU数减少(P<0.05),α多样性Shannon、Simpson、ACE和Chao1指数均显著下降(P<0.05),β多样性的主坐标分析(PCoA)图和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)图显著区分,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和阿克曼菌科(Akkermansiaceae)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05)。而低、中剂量的PPE可一定程度恢复由钒暴露导致的肠道菌群丰度降低和多样性减少(P<0.05),使受影响的特征性菌群丰度回归至正常水平(P<0.05)。

结论

钒暴露可导致小鼠肠道菌群的丰度下降和多样性降低,而低剂量和中剂量的PPE干预可以有效改善钒暴露所导致的小鼠肠道菌群紊乱。

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张勤,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/KJJMnkgk9lkXDDkZ/IO8g==, magXml=J65z61TWZU25fBaryd2yaw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ACmMhLMdMMDurNbD0JGJYQ==, pdfFileSize=1226270, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EKSFU6mWSsr07qTh/Y3dAw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0D5qs5vom7W9OqhQE3vquQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周驰斐(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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周驰斐(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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AIMS Neurosci,2024, 11(1): 49-62., articleTitle=The modulatory role of gut microbiota on host behavior:exploring the interaction between the brain-gut axis and the neuroendocrine system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241025224511124084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=12, pageStart=8273, pageEnd=8285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zhao RQ, Long XY, Yang JQ, journalName=Food & Function, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao RQ, Long XY, Yang JQ, et al. Pomegranate peel polyphenols reduce chronic low-grade inflammatory responses by modulating gut microbiota and decreasing colonic tissue damage in rats fed a high-fat diet[J]. Food & Function, 2019, 10(12): 8273-8285., articleTitle=Pomegranate peel polyphenols reduce chronic low-grade inflammatory responses by modulating gut microbiota and decreasing colonic tissue damage in rats fed a high-fat diet, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241025219373101527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, awardId=2015CY-S-26, language=CN, fundingSource=攀枝花市科技局项目(2015CY-S-26), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241025212620271776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025212628660386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, companyId=1241025212620271776, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University (West China Fourth Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025212645437605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, companyId=1241025212620271776, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241025216424505715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effect of PPE on body weight of vanadium-stained mice, figureFileSmall=qRayb9q7v8NbOQwK5uaG7A==, figureFileBig=EKSFU6mWSsr07qTh/Y3dAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216508391801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PPE对染钒小鼠体重的影响, figureFileSmall=qRayb9q7v8NbOQwK5uaG7A==, figureFileBig=EKSFU6mWSsr07qTh/Y3dAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216739078541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effect of PPE on the OTU number of vanadium-stained mice intestinal flora, figureFileSmall=WE0Cbe1QDQNKSIO687cuSg==, figureFileBig=uiggVzicVcK9CecOVG78xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216873296278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PPE对钒暴露小鼠肠道菌群OTU数的影响

注:图A为OTU数柱状图;图B为花瓣图;同一图中标相同字母表示组间差异不显著(P>0.05),标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=WE0Cbe1QDQNKSIO687cuSg==, figureFileBig=uiggVzicVcK9CecOVG78xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216990736798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of PPE on α-diversity of intestinal flora in vanadium-stained mice, figureFileSmall=aCvedbRFJ7+JL2ZPEWOewg==, figureFileBig=VgiHpDbBcYzTFGyT5qnGlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025217137537449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PPE对钒暴露小鼠肠道菌群α-多样性的影响

注:图A为Shannon指数;图B为Simpson指数;图C为ACE指数;图D为Chao1指数;同一图中标相同字母表示组间差异不显著(P>0.05),标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=aCvedbRFJ7+JL2ZPEWOewg==, figureFileBig=VgiHpDbBcYzTFGyT5qnGlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025217246589357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of PPE on the β-diversity of intestinal flora in vanadium-stained mice, figureFileSmall=xazubriMesRYn2cfmOwGKQ==, figureFileBig=R5iAbso9kyS41IUuQDT9wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025217355641267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PPE对染钒小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的影响

注:图A为主坐标分析(PCoA);图B为非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS);图C为UPGMA聚类树;图D为样本相似度热图。

, figureFileSmall=xazubriMesRYn2cfmOwGKQ==, figureFileBig=R5iAbso9kyS41IUuQDT9wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025218869785024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Relative abundance of intestinal flora in vanadium-stained mice, figureFileSmall=jSSLtAs1Eoz/OoHb62vu/g==, figureFileBig=r+X+9uM6RCEMOHsgJJUcCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025218987225543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图5, caption=染钒小鼠肠道菌群相对丰度

注:图A属水平群落热图;图BLDA值分布柱状图;图CLEfSe进化分支图;图D属水平微生物组关联网络;图E门水平菌群相对丰度;图F目水平菌群相对丰度。

, figureFileSmall=jSSLtAs1Eoz/OoHb62vu/g==, figureFileBig=r+X+9uM6RCEMOHsgJJUcCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025219117248968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The expression of characteristic intestinal flora in different treatment groups, figureFileSmall=D7Ql6Ps82qse0jIWO6w+EA==, figureFileBig=0u+tQGBMRuMilJB05QTTzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025219243078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025209197720439, language=CN, label=图6, caption=特征性肠道菌群在不同处理组的表达

注:图A放线菌门;图B疣微菌门;图C疣微菌目;图D阿克曼菌科;图E瘤胃球菌科;图F阿克曼菌属;同一图中标相同字母表示组间差异不显著(P>0.05),标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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石榴皮提取物对染钒小鼠肠道菌群的影响研究
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周驰斐 , 王勤 , 丰国文 , 张遵真 , 张勤
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(7): 1228-1234
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(7): 1228-1234
石榴皮提取物对染钒小鼠肠道菌群的影响研究
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周驰斐, 王勤, 丰国文, 张遵真, 张勤
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 周驰斐(1998—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

通讯作者:

张勤,E-mail:
Impact of pomegranate peel extract on the gut microbiota of vanadium-exposed mice
Chi-fei ZHOU, Qin WANG, Guo-wen FENG, Zun-zhen ZHANG, Qin ZHANG
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University (West China Fourth Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411276
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目的

探索钒暴露小鼠经消化道摄入石榴皮提取物(pomegranate peel extract, PPE)后肠道菌群的改变,为钒毒性作用机理及防治提供新思路。

方法

以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,随机分为对照组、模型组和3个PPE剂量组,每组10只。偏钒酸钠溶液腹腔注射染毒(3 mg/kg,1次/2 d)造模,按照100、200和400 mg/kg,每2 d腹腔注射1次PPE,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,于12周末采集小鼠粪便提取肠道细菌基因组16S rDNA进行扩增和测序,基于单因素方差分析和SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls)检验进行统计学分析。

结果

长期钒暴露导致小鼠肠道细菌丰度降低,OTU数减少(P<0.05),α多样性Shannon、Simpson、ACE和Chao1指数均显著下降(P<0.05),β多样性的主坐标分析(PCoA)图和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)图显著区分,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和阿克曼菌科(Akkermansiaceae)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05)。而低、中剂量的PPE可一定程度恢复由钒暴露导致的肠道菌群丰度降低和多样性减少(P<0.05),使受影响的特征性菌群丰度回归至正常水平(P<0.05)。

结论

钒暴露可导致小鼠肠道菌群的丰度下降和多样性降低,而低剂量和中剂量的PPE干预可以有效改善钒暴露所导致的小鼠肠道菌群紊乱。

石榴皮提取物  /  钒  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To explore the alterations in gut microbiota following the oral administration of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in vanadium-exposed mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of vanadium toxicity and its prevention and treatment.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects and randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three PPE dosage groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were administered sodium metavanadate solution via intraperitoneal injection (3 mg/kg, once every 2 days) for modeling, and PPE was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg every 2 days. The control group received physiological saline. At the end of 12 weeks, fecal samples were collected to extract gut bacterial genomic DNA for amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test.

Results

Long-term vanadium exposure resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial abundance, with a reduction in OTU numbers (P < 0.05).The α-diversity indices, including Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The β-diversity analysis, represented by PCoA and NMDS plots, showed significant differentiation. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansiaceae significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased (P < 0.05).However, low and medium doses of PPE were able to partially restore the reduction in gut microbiota abundance and diversity caused by vanadium exposure (P < 0.05), bringing the abundance of affected characteristic bacterial groups back to normal levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Vanadium exposure leads to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in mice, while low and medium doses of PPE intervention can effectively improve the gut microbiota disorder induced by vanadium exposure.

Pomegranate peel extract  /  Vanadium  /  Gut microbiota
周驰斐, 王勤, 丰国文, 张遵真, 张勤. 石榴皮提取物对染钒小鼠肠道菌群的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1228 -1234 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411276
Chi-fei ZHOU, Qin WANG, Guo-wen FENG, Zun-zhen ZHANG, Qin ZHANG. Impact of pomegranate peel extract on the gut microbiota of vanadium-exposed mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1228 -1234 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411276
钒(vanadium, V)是一种环境中广泛存在的过渡金属,常用于制造钢合金、玻璃、颜料和油漆等。2023年,我国钒产量约为15.4万吨,稳居全球钒资源的生产、消费和出口之首[1]。然而,钒也被认为是对人类具有潜在危害的过渡金属,可能导致中枢神经系统氧化损伤。研究表明,钒暴露与神经行为缺陷具有流行病学关联,长期暴露于钒可能导致认知缺陷、神经行为功能改变以及空间学习能力受损[2]。小鼠实验模型结果表明,钒可影响血脑屏障,损伤神经元和神经胶质细胞,从而导致空间记忆能力退化[3]
肠道菌群与大脑之间存在双向相互作用,称为肠-脑轴。近年来,肠-脑轴作为调节大脑健康的潜在治疗靶点备受关注。有研究提示,干预肠道菌群分布生态可影响神经系统[4]。此外,大量研究一致证明,益生菌通过增强肠道屏障和血脑屏障的完整性改善肠道炎症,有助于神经退行性疾病中神经递质系统的恢复[5]
石榴皮(pomegranate peel, PP)因缺乏食用价值而常被丢弃。然而,研究显示,石榴皮提取物(pomegranate peel extract, PPE)富含大量多酚物质,具有抗炎、抗癌、抗菌和心血管保护功能[6-7]。PPE不仅能提升高脂血症小鼠抗氧化功能,降低血脂水平[8],而且在缓解慢性溃疡性结肠炎、改善小鼠细菌性肠炎和减轻大肠湿热证模型小鼠的肠道炎症反应等方面效果显著[9-11]。有学者利用粪便微生物群移植发现,PPE通过影响肠道微生物群可在一定程度上降低实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的严重程度[12]
本课题组的前期研究提示,腹腔注射PPE的小鼠表现出拮抗钒神经毒性的保护效果[13],但具体机制尚不明确,肠道菌群可能是其中一个重要因素,但相关研究尚待深入探讨。本文旨在研究长期钒暴露对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,以及PPE对钒暴露小鼠肠道菌群的干预效果,从而为进一步研究钒神经毒性的作用机制及PPE是否通过调节肠道菌群发挥保护作用提供新的视角。
偏钒酸钠(NaVO3,北京索莱宝科技有限公司);石榴皮来源于攀西青皮石榴干燥果皮;Illumina Novaseq 6000平台(美国Ilumina);粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根生化)。
选择体重(20±2)g的C57BL/6J雄性小鼠50只[生产许可证:SCXK9(京)2019-0009,北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司],适应性喂养一周,湿度40% ~ 60%,温度23 ~ 27℃,期间可自由进食和饮水,随后根据实验方案进行分组。本实验符合实验动物伦理学规定,经四川大学华西医学中心伦理学委员会批准(批准编号:K2021005)。
青皮石榴(产地:攀枝花)经水清洗干净后,剥取果皮,烘干粉碎并过滤,获得PPE。PPE经冷冻干燥,-20℃条件下进行储存。
小鼠随机分为对照组(C)、模型组(M)、PPE低剂量组(PPEL)、PPE中剂量组(PPEM)和PPE高剂量组(PPEH),每组10只。按照3 mg/(kg·bw)偏钒酸钠溶液每2 d 1次腹腔注射造模,PPE各剂量组腹腔注射PPE干预(100、200和400 mg/(kg·bw),1次/2 d),对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,造模与干预同时进行,共计12周。
12周末,每组随机取5只小鼠,按照粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒的实验步骤提取16S rDNA,经PCR扩增并质控后测序(illumina Novaseq 6000)。剩余小鼠完成神经行为测试。对序列进行操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTU)聚类,选择97.0%相似性水平。香农指数(shannon-Wiener Index)曲线和稀释曲线(rarefaction curve)评估结果的可靠性。
α-多样性主要通过Shannon指数、Simpson指数、ACE指数和Chao1指数来反映菌群的丰度和多样性。β-多样性则用于评估不同样品或群体间细菌群落组成及其差异,使用基于非加权Jaccard的样本相似度主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis, PCoA)、非度量多维尺度(nonmetric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)、UPGMA聚类树及样本相似度热图来展示β-多样性。在PCoA、NMDS和UPGMA聚类图上,相似成分的样本会接近聚集。热图中的每个格子表示水平与垂直轴所对应的两个样本之间的成分差异,颜色从蓝色渐变到红色,表示从小到大的成分差异。通过线性判别分析[linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size, LEfSe],进一步识别组间的差异物种。
R4.4.1软件进行数据处理和统计分析。正态分布的连续变量用()表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),组间两两比较选用Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK)法,双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
实验分组后,各组小鼠体重差异无统计学(F=1.025, P=0.421)。自第1周末开始,各组小鼠体重之间出现显著不同,差异有统计学意义(F=3.525, P=0.003),见图1。至12周末,各组小鼠体重均有所增加,且增幅存在差异。
图2A是每组(n=5)小鼠肠道菌群OTU数的平均数反映了各组小鼠肠道菌群的分布情况。与对照组相比,模型组小鼠OTU数显著减少,而PPE各剂量组OTU数都高于模型组,其中低剂量组效果最好,高剂量组效果最差。图2B是各组小鼠肠道菌群OTU分布的花瓣图,可以直观的展示出每组小鼠与其他小鼠共有和独享的OTU数,表明各组小鼠中OTU组成的相似性以及特异性。5组样本共检出493个OTU,对照组、模型组、PPE各剂量组的OTU总数分别为413、389、422、432、388。对照组与模型组有370个相同的OTU,对照组与PPE低、中、高剂量组共有的OTU数分别为402、401、371。与空白组相比,模型组OTU总数减少,PPE干预后OTU数均有所增加,但PPE高剂量组增加幅度较小。该结果表明,与对照组及PPE低、中剂量组相比,模型组和PPE高剂量组小鼠的肠道菌群结构存在显著差异。
通过分析Shannon和Simpson多样性指数,观察到模型组小鼠的肠道菌群物种多样性与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05),而PPE中剂量组的干预显著恢复了小鼠肠道菌群的物种多样性(P<0.05)。进一步分析,利用ACE和Chao1指数评估物种丰富度,显示模型组小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰富度较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。PPE低、中、高剂量干预均有效地提升了小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰富度(P<0.05),其中以PPE低、中剂量组干预效果最优,小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰富度恢复至空白组水平(P<0.05),见图3
肠道菌群β多样性分布结果如图4A所示,对照组及PPE低剂量和中剂量组的组间距离及组内距离较近,提示该组别肠道菌群组成具有较高的相似性。相反,模型组和PPE高剂量组的组间距离和组内距离较远,提示这些组别的肠道菌群组成存在显著差异。NMDS、UPGMA聚类树和样本相似度热图结果与PCoA主坐标分析结果一致,见图4B图4D,再次表明染钒模型组与对照组肠道菌群组成不同,低剂量和中剂量PPE干预改善了钒暴露小鼠的肠道菌群组成。
属水平的群落热图显示,5个组别具有不同类型的优势属,见图5A。线性判别分析中的LDA值分布柱状图结果显示,在模型组中,丹毒杆菌科(Erysipelotrichaceae)相对丰度较高,而梭菌目(Clostridiales)是PPEL组的优势菌;鼠乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus_murinus)是PPEM组的优势菌;疣微菌目(Verrucomicrobiales)、阿克曼氏粘附菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)是PPEH组的优势菌,见图5B。LEfSe进化分支图显示,空白组小鼠普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)的拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、Prevotellaceae_UCG_001属水平相对较高,而腐胃菌科(Muribaculaceae)、疣微菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、梭菌目(Clostridiales)在PPEL组小鼠中发挥了关键作用,见图5C。在属水平上不同微生物组的关联网络显示了三组潜在生物标志物之间的相关性,见图5D。菌群组成方面,从门水平看,各组的优势菌群分别为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、uncultured_k_Bacteria、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),占93.2%~97.2%。从目水平看,各组的优势菌群分别为拟杆菌目、梭菌目、丹毒杆菌目、疣微菌目,见图5E5F
与对照组相比,模型组的小鼠放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度明显增加。PPE干预后,肠道放线菌门水平恢复至接近空白组的水平,见图6A;且模型组的疣微菌门相对丰度也略上升,而经过低和中剂量的PPE干预后,疣微菌门的丰度恢复至空白组的水平。然而,PPE高剂量组的小鼠肠道菌群在疣微菌门的相对丰度上与其他组之间存在显著差异,表现出明显的增高,见图6B。疣微菌目和疣微菌门的表现一致,见图6C。从科水平看,模型组小鼠阿克曼菌科显著升高,PPE低、中剂量干预后恢复至正常水平,而PPE高剂量组却升高较大,见图6D;模型组小鼠瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)显著降低,PPE各剂量干预后,恢复至正常水平,见图6E,阿克曼菌在属水平上和科水平表现一致,见图6F
钒通过呼吸道或消化道进入人体,被抗氧化还原系统氧化为氧钒基,可诱导中枢神经系统不同结构的细胞学、超微结构和功能改变,同时也可能损伤血脑屏障,提高氧化应激水平,进而导致一系列神经毒性表现[3]。清除钒暴露产生的自由基一度被认为是植物提取物拮抗钒神经毒性的可能作用机制[14]
近年来,随着对肠道菌群研究的深入,肠-脑轴逐渐进入人们的视线。肠-脑轴传入信号受肠道内微生物群落的影响,这些微生物与宿主神经内分泌系统之间存在复杂的相互作用。菌群衍生的代谢物可以影响神经递质、神经激素、抗炎细胞因子等神经活性化合物的产生,从而调节神经元功能,最终改变宿主行为。实验表明,肠道菌群失调还可以影响小鼠大脑发育,影响杏仁核、海马体和髓鞘的发育过程[15]。本课题组前期研究发现,PPE具有拮抗钒神经毒性的潜在作用[13]。本次研究旨在进一步探讨这一作用是否通过肠-脑轴实现,采用16S rDNA分析钒对肠道菌群的影响,并评估PPE干预是否能够恢复肠道菌群的平衡。
体重作为生长发育的指标,研究发现染钒小鼠的体重低于对照组,而在PPE干预后,更高剂量组的小鼠体重进一步降低,这可能与石榴皮中多糖抑制食欲基因表达、减少饥饿感和能量摄入有关[16]。测序覆盖度(coverage)指数均接近1,稀释曲线和香农指数曲线随测序深度的增加趋于平稳,验证了结果的高置信度。多种分析方法的应用显示,空白组、模型组和PPE干预组在OTU数、物种多样性、物种丰富度及肠道菌群组成等多个维度上存在显著差异。研究结果表明,长期钒暴露会降低小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性,之前的一项人群队列研究也报道了钒与肠道菌群α-多样性指数之间的负相关关系[17]
目前关于钒对肠道菌群影响的研究缺乏。本研究发现,在门水平上,染钒小鼠的放线菌门和疣微菌门丰度显著升高(P<0.05),而PPE干预后,这些丰度降至与空白组相同的水平。在另一项小鼠饲养实验中,石榴皮瓤提取物灌胃组小鼠盲肠中的放线菌门丰度显著下降,与本实验结果一致[18]。在科水平上,钒染毒导致小鼠肠道菌群中阿克曼菌科丰度增加,而瘤胃球菌科丰度降低(P<0.05),PPE的低、中剂量干预能够将其丰度恢复至对照组水平。PPE显著提高了瘤胃球菌科的相对比例,这一现象与之前文献中的报道相符,可能与石榴多酚在肠道中的代谢有关[19]
在诸多肠道菌群的变化中,疣微菌门的变化值得注目,疣微菌目的阿克曼菌是发生显著变化的细菌种类。有研究表明,阿克曼菌的丰度与啮齿动物和人类的体重存在显著负相关关系[20],这可能也是小鼠体重降低的原因之一。此外,一些研究发现,帕金森病患者和动物模型肠道微生物群中阿克曼菌的丰度显著增加,提示阿克曼菌可能在帕金森病等神经性疾病中具有重要作用[21-22]。在本研究中,低、中剂量的PPE干预使染钒小鼠肠道菌群中的阿克曼菌丰度恢复至对照组水平,而在PPE高剂量组中,阿克曼菌的丰度显著提高。这一现象与另一项研究中有关番石榴结合态多酚对小鼠肠道菌群结构的观察相一致,低浓度结合态多酚处理下阿克曼菌的相对丰度降低7.66%,而高浓度组则提高了38.41%[23]。在关于安石榴苷的实验中,低剂量组的阿克曼菌变化不明显,而在25 mg/kg组中,阿克曼菌的丰度增长了近63倍[24]。PPE对阿克曼菌属生长的低浓度抑制和高浓度促进现象可能与石榴中的鞣花酸相关,有研究表明在培养液中添加10 μM鞣花酸对阿克曼菌生长没有显著影响,而添加0.18 mg/ml和0.28 mg/ml的石榴提取物则能显著抑制其生长[25]。因此,通过设置更详细的浓度梯度变化来探讨PPE中各化学成分对阿克曼菌丰度的影响,可能是一个值得关注的方向。
在钒染毒后,放线菌门、疣微菌门、疣微菌目、阿克曼菌科、瘤胃球菌科以及阿克曼菌属均发生显著变化(P<0.05),而PPE的低、中剂量能够将其丰度恢复至正常水平,从而推测PPE可能通过调节钒暴露小鼠的肠道菌群失调来改善中枢神经组织的损伤。这可能是PPE拮抗钒神经毒性的一个重要机制。
越来越多的研究尝试通过改变肠道菌群治疗神经系统疾病,例如,利用拟杆菌改善焦虑样行为和交流障碍,通过乳酸菌治疗小鼠亲社会行为等[26]。在高脂饮食大鼠的肠道菌群中,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度显著升高,而PPE能增加结肠中有益细菌的丰度,从而使肠道微生物群的失衡正常化。这与本实验中PPE恢复菌群平衡的结果相一致[27]
本研究创新性地探讨了钒暴露小鼠在通过消化道摄入PPE后肠道菌群的变化,并进行了细致的菌群多样性和差异性分析,识别出显著变化的肠道菌群类别,进而为钒毒性作用机理及防治提供新思路。然而,本研究的局限性在于仅宏观分析了肠道菌群多样性指标,未能探讨肠道菌群与钒神经毒性行为表现之间的深入关联。PPE通过肠-脑轴实现的具体机制尚不明确,未来可设计更为严谨的粪便微生物群移植实验以揭示这一机制。
综上所述,本实验结果表明,长期钒暴露导致小鼠肠道菌群的丰度和多样性降低,低、中剂量PPE干预可改善长期钒暴露引起的小鼠肠道菌群失调,使菌群结构恢复至正常水平,显示出PPE在调节肠道菌群方面的潜力。
  • 攀枝花市科技局项目(2015CY-S-26)
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2025年第52卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411276
  • 接收时间:2024-11-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15
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攀枝花市科技局项目(2015CY-S-26)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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