Article(id=1241025206286873310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411564, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732896000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813066312, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813066312, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813066311, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813066311, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241025201983508979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773813065285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773815493878, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241035388320543404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241025201983508979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1209, endPage=1215, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025207448695592, articleId=1241025206286873310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Investigating the mechanism of nickel cobalt manganese lithium’s effects on human bronchial epithelial cell damage based on non-targeted metabolomics, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of nickel cobalt manganese lithium (NCM) on the metabolic pathways of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

Methods

The MTS assay was employed to assess the impact of NCM on the viability of BEAS-2B cells, determining exposure concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. Cell samples were collected after 48 hours of exposure. Intracellular metabolites were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was utilized to investigate changes in the metabolic profile. Differential metabolites were selected based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probes were used to assess the effects of NCM on cellular ultrastructure and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).

Results

Compared to the control group, exposure to different concentrations of NCM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of BEAS-2B cells. A total of 788 substances were detected in the metabolomic samples; 281, 284, and 274 differential metabolites were identified at exposure concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Among these, 82 differential metabolites were common across all exposure groups, with the highest proportion being lipid metabolites. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation. NCM exposure led to mitochondrial swelling, reduced cristae, and fragmentation in BEAS-2B cells, significantly decreasing MMP levels.

Conclusion

NCM exposure has a pronounced impact on the metabolic profile of BEAS-2B cells and induces mitochondrial damage, with the toxicological pathways primarily involving coenzyme Q biosynthesis.

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目的

探究镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)对人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)代谢途径的影响。

方法

采用MTS法检测NCM对BEAS-2B细胞活力的影响,确定染毒浓度为0、50、100和200 μg/ml。染毒48 h后收集细胞样本。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)检测各剂量组胞内代谢物,采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)研究代谢谱变化。以变量投影重要度值(VIP)>1为标准筛选差异代谢物,并对其进行通路富集分析。采用透射电镜、JC-1荧光探针检测NCM对细胞超微结构、线粒体膜电位(MMP)的影响。

结果

与对照组相比,不同浓度NCM染毒BEAS-2B细胞活力呈剂量依赖性降低;代谢组样品中总共检测到788种物质;在50、100和200 μg/ml染毒浓度下分别筛选到281、284、274个差异代谢物;三个染毒组共同的差异代谢物有82个,脂类代谢物占比最高;各组差异代谢物共同富集在辅酶Q生物合成、核黄素代谢、超长链脂肪酸氧化等代谢途径;NCM暴露可引起BEAS-2B细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴减少和断裂,并显著降低MMP水平。

结论

NCM暴露对BEAS-2B细胞代谢谱产生明显影响,并引起线粒体损伤,毒作用通路主要涉及辅酶Q生物合成。

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刘莉莉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EXZBACpf5s85OpkAERi/Og==, magXml=UakS8v42QsecCIKDLRE5Gg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VZ5bu9uUkUEzLTcwsGHpKA==, pdfFileSize=1367601, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=j9o3+ZcC1dgYiXYFNljGaw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=h0P3D6g/FsumsAs4/AArtw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

冼思敏(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与劳动卫生方向

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冼思敏(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与劳动卫生方向

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Succinate/GPR91 promotes mitochondrial damage in vascular endothelial cells through DHODH/CoQ10[J]. Chinese Journal of Arteriosclerosis202432(6): 466-472.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Succinate/GPR91 promotes mitochondrial damage in vascular endothelial cells through DHODH/CoQ10, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241025224267854443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=8302, pageEnd=8315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Jing L, Kumari S, Mendelev N, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing L, Kumari S, Mendelev N, et al. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates ultraviolet B irradiation induced cell death through inhibition of mitochondrial intrinsic cell death pathway[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2011, 12(1): 8302-8315., articleTitle=Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates ultraviolet B irradiation induced cell death through inhibition of mitochondrial intrinsic cell death pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241025217267560881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, awardId=81972990, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81972990), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241025217376612792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, awardId=2024A1515012530, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515012530), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241025210732835786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025210741224396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, companyId=1241025210732835786, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025210749613006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, companyId=1241025210732835786, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中山大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241025210808333269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241025210812527572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, companyId=1241025210808333269, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省职业病防治院毒理实验所,广东 广州 510300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241025215791165755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of NCM concentrations on the viability of cells, figureFileSmall=HRuSA47viCsJ4tO9XhWY2A==, figureFileBig=j9o3+ZcC1dgYiXYFNljGaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025215929577793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图1, caption=NCM浓度对细胞活力的影响

注:**P<0.01;***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=HRuSA47viCsJ4tO9XhWY2A==, figureFileBig=j9o3+ZcC1dgYiXYFNljGaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216139293016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=PLS-DA analysis and permutation test, figureFileSmall=QXgsvjPUYEbP/RvrRgckYQ==, figureFileBig=EB9Qbm0iUPnTkNUw4jDmIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216269316451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PLS-DA分析及置换检验

注:图A为PLS-DA图;图B为置换检验图;P1、P2分别为第一、二主成分。

, figureFileSmall=QXgsvjPUYEbP/RvrRgckYQ==, figureFileBig=EB9Qbm0iUPnTkNUw4jDmIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216357396844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Overlapping and classification of differentiated metabolites in each group, figureFileSmall=aZfGyVzUY67t1jB26KoUFw==, figureFileBig=TqC5+DNE0y8Hbofs2ZV7/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216445477236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组差异代谢物的重叠情况及分类

注:图A为各组差异代谢物韦恩图;图B为共同差异代谢物分类图。

, figureFileSmall=aZfGyVzUY67t1jB26KoUFw==, figureFileBig=TqC5+DNE0y8Hbofs2ZV7/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216520974715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Differential metabolite enrichment analysis in each group, figureFileSmall=t9hiIo5LlCWJahlbs0TtCg==, figureFileBig=LWHRrobrUnzngHBivMe8Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216600666500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组差异代谢物富集分析

注:图A、B、C分别为低、中、高剂量组代谢通路图;图D为2-六异戊二烯基-6-甲氧基苯酚的相对表达丰度;**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=t9hiIo5LlCWJahlbs0TtCg==, figureFileBig=LWHRrobrUnzngHBivMe8Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216701329801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of NCM on the ultrastructure of cells, figureFileSmall=NUfujrnXhMgkbsr2bIY/Zw==, figureFileBig=+//g/3DJNyGvj1N9yIOKlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025216852324755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NCM对细胞超微结构的影响, figureFileSmall=NUfujrnXhMgkbsr2bIY/Zw==, figureFileBig=+//g/3DJNyGvj1N9yIOKlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025217015902625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effects of NCM on the MMP, figureFileSmall=lbLoVff3Kb3I3KGuW0VDVA==, figureFileBig=EPHdAF4Y805U0zxxVUyo9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241025217137537447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025206286873310, language=CN, label=图6, caption=NCM对MMP的影响

注:图A为MMP荧光图;图B为MMP定量分析图(n=3);**P<0.01;***P<0.001。

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基于非靶向代谢组学探讨镍钴锰酸锂对人支气管上皮细胞损伤的作用机制
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冼思敏 1, 2 , 邓耀棠 2 , 李国樑 2 , 吴幼仪 2 , 周家圳 2 , 赵志强 2 , 易沐诗 2 , 胡悦 2 , 刘莉莉 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(7): 1209-1215
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(7): 1209-1215
基于非靶向代谢组学探讨镍钴锰酸锂对人支气管上皮细胞损伤的作用机制
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冼思敏1, 2, 邓耀棠2, 李国樑2, 吴幼仪2, 周家圳2, 赵志强2, 易沐诗2, 胡悦2, 刘莉莉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中山大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510080
  • 2.广东省职业病防治院毒理实验所,广东 广州 510300
  • 冼思敏(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与劳动卫生方向

通讯作者:

刘莉莉,E-mail:
Investigating the mechanism of nickel cobalt manganese lithium’s effects on human bronchial epithelial cell damage based on non-targeted metabolomics
Si-min XIAN1, 2, Yao-tang DENG2, Guo-liang LI2, You-yi WU2, Jia-zhen ZHOU2, Zhi-qiang ZHAO2, Mu-shi YI2, Yue HU2, Li-li LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411564
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目的

探究镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)对人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)代谢途径的影响。

方法

采用MTS法检测NCM对BEAS-2B细胞活力的影响,确定染毒浓度为0、50、100和200 μg/ml。染毒48 h后收集细胞样本。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)检测各剂量组胞内代谢物,采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)研究代谢谱变化。以变量投影重要度值(VIP)>1为标准筛选差异代谢物,并对其进行通路富集分析。采用透射电镜、JC-1荧光探针检测NCM对细胞超微结构、线粒体膜电位(MMP)的影响。

结果

与对照组相比,不同浓度NCM染毒BEAS-2B细胞活力呈剂量依赖性降低;代谢组样品中总共检测到788种物质;在50、100和200 μg/ml染毒浓度下分别筛选到281、284、274个差异代谢物;三个染毒组共同的差异代谢物有82个,脂类代谢物占比最高;各组差异代谢物共同富集在辅酶Q生物合成、核黄素代谢、超长链脂肪酸氧化等代谢途径;NCM暴露可引起BEAS-2B细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴减少和断裂,并显著降低MMP水平。

结论

NCM暴露对BEAS-2B细胞代谢谱产生明显影响,并引起线粒体损伤,毒作用通路主要涉及辅酶Q生物合成。

镍钴锰酸锂  /  BEAS-2B细胞  /  代谢组学
Objective

To investigate the effects of nickel cobalt manganese lithium (NCM) on the metabolic pathways of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

Methods

The MTS assay was employed to assess the impact of NCM on the viability of BEAS-2B cells, determining exposure concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. Cell samples were collected after 48 hours of exposure. Intracellular metabolites were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was utilized to investigate changes in the metabolic profile. Differential metabolites were selected based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probes were used to assess the effects of NCM on cellular ultrastructure and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).

Results

Compared to the control group, exposure to different concentrations of NCM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of BEAS-2B cells. A total of 788 substances were detected in the metabolomic samples; 281, 284, and 274 differential metabolites were identified at exposure concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Among these, 82 differential metabolites were common across all exposure groups, with the highest proportion being lipid metabolites. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation. NCM exposure led to mitochondrial swelling, reduced cristae, and fragmentation in BEAS-2B cells, significantly decreasing MMP levels.

Conclusion

NCM exposure has a pronounced impact on the metabolic profile of BEAS-2B cells and induces mitochondrial damage, with the toxicological pathways primarily involving coenzyme Q biosynthesis.

Nickel cobalt manganese lithium  /  BEAS-2B cells  /  Metabolomics
冼思敏, 邓耀棠, 李国樑, 吴幼仪, 周家圳, 赵志强, 易沐诗, 胡悦, 刘莉莉. 基于非靶向代谢组学探讨镍钴锰酸锂对人支气管上皮细胞损伤的作用机制. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1209 -1215 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411564
Si-min XIAN, Yao-tang DENG, Guo-liang LI, You-yi WU, Jia-zhen ZHOU, Zhi-qiang ZHAO, Mu-shi YI, Yue HU, Li-li LIU. Investigating the mechanism of nickel cobalt manganese lithium’s effects on human bronchial epithelial cell damage based on non-targeted metabolomics[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (7) : 1209 -1215 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411564
2020年中国明确提出“双碳”目标,在此背景下,我国储能电池产业发展迅猛。锂电池因其特有优势,已成为当前市场占比最高的储能电池产业[1]。镍钴锰酸锂(lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide,NCM)是一种新型多金属复合物,是锂电池生产常用的材料之一,粒径大多在1.5~11.5 μm之间[2-3],属于可吸入颗粒,生产环境中主要通过呼吸道进入人体。此外,在充电和放电过程中NCM还会断裂成为更小的纳米颗粒[4]。已有大量的研究表明,多种微纳米颗粒如PM2.5[5]、二氧化硅[6]、碳纳米管[7]、微塑料[8]等均可通过呼吸道暴露影响肺脏系统,造成不良健康效应。然而目前,关于NCM颗粒物的健康效应和毒作用研究仍然欠缺。仅有少量的动物和细胞研究显示[9],NCM暴露可以导致小鼠肺部炎症细胞浸润,并伴有明显的纤维化和低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)呈剂量依赖性升高,但具体毒作用机制不明。
代谢组学常用于检测相对分子量在1 000Da以内的小分子代谢物的动态变化[10]。可反映人体最终代谢物的改变,全面系统地表征生物体或细胞受到刺激后代谢水平的变化,从而揭示这些变化与疾病之间的关联[11-12],已被广泛用于机制研究、临床研究等多个领域。代谢组学分为靶向和非靶向,前者针对一类物质进行研究,能够对代谢物进行准确定量,但对代谢物覆盖率有限,后者是一种无偏向的组学分析,能够对代谢物进行全面检测,获得大量代谢物信息,但只能对代谢物进行相对定量。由于NCM对代谢的影响尚无相关报道,其暴露对影响的代谢物种类尚无研究,因此,为了更全面地了解NCM对代谢的影响,本研究采用非靶向代谢组学技术研究NCM引起BEAS-2B细胞代谢谱的改变,筛选差异代谢物并分析其参与的代谢通路,为进一步探索NCM引起呼吸系统毒性机制奠定基础。
人支气管上皮细胞BEAS-2B,置于5%CO2、37℃的恒温箱培养,2~3 d后传代1次。
超净工作台(拜艾斯),培养箱(捷美),荧光显微镜(尼康),酶标仪(闪谱生物),1290 InfinityⅡ-6545型超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS),Cosmosil Hilich和Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱(Cosmosil,安捷伦),透射电子显微镜(TEM,Hitachi)。
NCM购自于东莞某有限公司(货号MA-EN-CA-002002),该材料为黑色粉末,纯度>98%,微溶于水,粒径中值为4.42 μm,其余相关理化特性参考本课题组前期发表文章[13]。使用前加生理盐水配置成悬浊液并高压蒸汽灭菌。
DMEM/F12培养基、青/链霉素、胰蛋白酶(Gibco),胎牛血清(BI),CellTiter 96® AQueous OneSolution Cell Proliferation Assay(MTS试剂盒,Promega),80%甲醇、甲酸、甲酸铵、乙腈(Sigma),线粒体膜电位检测盒(JC-1,晶欣)。
将细胞接种于96孔板,贴壁后,使用含NCM培养基进行染毒,NCM浓度分别为6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200和400 μg/ml,染毒组为不同NCM浓度染毒的BEAS-2B细胞,对照组为未经染毒的BEAS-2B细胞,颗粒组为不含细胞的不同浓度NCM,空白孔不含细胞和NCM。48 h后加入20 μl MTS,在5% CO2、37℃的培养箱中孵育2 h,检测光密度值(OD)。细胞活力计算公式为([OD染毒-OD空白-OD颗粒)(/OD对照-OD空白)]×100%(将NCM颗粒OD从相应染毒组OD中减去以消除颗粒的背景效应)[14]
根据MTS结果,设置对照组、低、中和高剂量组(0、50、100和200 μg/ml),染毒48 h后收样。
染毒后,用预冷PBS洗细胞2次,加入-80℃预冷80%甲醇淬灭细胞,收集细胞至1.5 ml EP管中,冰上超声破碎1 min,离心取上清并用0.22 μm过滤器过滤后待测。质控样品从待测样本中各取30 μl混匀得到[15]
使用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS仪检测各组代谢物。色谱条件:色谱柱温35℃;进样量3 μl;流动相流速0.4 ml/min;流动相A为含20 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液;流动相B为乙腈(含0.1%甲酸);洗脱条件为0~1 min,98.0% A,>1~5 min,98.0%~60.0% A,>5~12 min,60.0%~30.0%A,>12~15 min,30.0%~5.0% A,>15~20 min,5.0%A,>20~21 min,5.0%~98.0% A,>21~26 min,98.0% A。质谱条件:采用电喷雾电离,在正、负离子模式下进行质谱信号采集;采集速度为3 spectra/s;毛细管温度320℃;辅助气体流速8 L/min;鞘气流速12 L/min;加热温度350℃。在Profinder B.08.00软件(Agilent公司)中将所采集的原始数据进行基线过滤、峰识别、峰匹配等预处理。代谢物的鉴定基于相对分子质量、母离子和二级碎片等信息,使用METLIN数据库进行比对。
染毒后收集细胞,加入电镜固定液固定,再用1%锇酸固定,后脱水、渗透、包埋、切片、铀铅染色,最后使用TEM采集图像观察。
染毒后弃去培养基,加入2 ml细胞培养基和JC-1染色混合液,37℃孵育20 min,后用染色缓冲液(1×)洗细胞2次,采用荧光显微镜进行拍摄。通过红/绿荧光比率来评估相对MMP水平[16]
(1)细胞活力比较。使用IBM SPSS 23.0软件进行数据统计分析和GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行作图,数据以(平均值±标准差)表示。多组间的差异比较采用单因素方差分析,多个染毒组和对照组两两比较使用Dunnett-t法。差异具有统计学意义的判别标准为P<0.05(双侧检验)。(2)代谢物分析。使用MetaboAnalyst 6.0平台,采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)呈现总体代谢差异。PLS-DA模型质量评价是通过SIMCA 14.1软件,采用7倍交叉验证和200次响应排列测试进行。以变量投影重要度(VIP)>1为条件进行差异代谢物筛选[17-18]。根据代谢组学工作平台和人类代谢组数据库中的Super Class注释对差异代谢物归类。(3)荧光强度分析。荧光图像定量应用Image J软件进行。
图1所示,与对照组比,不同浓度NCM染毒细胞活力呈剂量依赖性降低,浓度到达50 μg/ml时出现统计学意义(F=50.91,P<0.01)。后续细胞实验选择NCM染毒浓度为50、100和200 μg/ml。
总共检测到788种代谢物,通过PLS-DA模型进行分析,如图2A,NCM处理显著影响细胞代谢,各组代谢物均聚集良好。置换检验图显示,Q2的回归线与纵坐标交点位于纵坐标的负半轴,证明模型未存在过度拟合现象,见图2B,说明模型可靠,可用于后续深入分析。
在50 μg/ml染毒组筛选到281个差异代谢物;在100 μg/ml染毒组筛选到284个差异代谢物;在200 μg/ml染毒组筛选到274个差异代谢物。各染毒组差异代谢物的重叠情况见图3A,三个染毒组共同的差异代谢物共有82个。如图3B所示,对共同差异代谢物的种类进行分析发现,脂质和类似脂质分子占比最高,为14.63%。
图4A图C所示,不同剂量组间差异代谢物共同的富集通路为辅酶Q生物合成、核黄素代谢、超长链脂肪酸氧化等。在各剂量组富集通路排名前5的通路中,共同差异代谢物相对表达丰度差异具有统计学意义的是辅酶Q生物合成通路中的2-六异戊二烯基-6-甲氧基苯酚,见图4D
通路富集分析结果显示,辅酶Q生物合成通路最显著(P<0.05)。辅酶Q对于线粒体正常功能的维持至关重要[19-20],由于线粒体形态和功能密切相关,因此采用TEM检测NCM暴露后细胞超微结构的变化。如图5所示,NCM处理后,线粒体发生肿胀,区域溶解,嵴断裂,而对照组线粒体基质均匀,嵴平行排列,说明NCM暴露可能引起BEAS-2B细胞线粒体形态异常。
膜电位MMP是代表线粒体功能的重要指标。如图6所示,与对照组比较,随着染毒剂量的增加,MMP逐渐降低(F=34.59,P<0.05),说明NCM可能引起BEAS-2B细胞线粒体功能障碍。
NCM作为一种锂电池生产材料,市场需求量不断增加,产业人群会在相当长的一段时间内保持较大规模,锂电池的大量废解和回收也增加了普通人群的暴露风险,NCM在环境中还可以缓慢地释放锂、镍、钴、锰等离子。因此,无论是对职业人群还是普通人群,NCM都有潜在的健康影响。但是,目前人群的健康效应研究相对匮乏。课题组前期追踪NCM职业人群的危害因素暴露情况,发现机体系统炎症和部分肺功能指标出现变化[13],但确切的健康效应还需长期追踪观察。因此,本研究通过非靶向代谢组学方法,探究NCM暴露对BEAS-2B细胞的代谢途径影响,为深入探讨NCM的呼吸系统毒性机制提供线索。
组学结果提示,在共同差异代谢物中,占比最多的是脂类物质。脂类代谢异常与呼吸系统疾病密切相关。鞘脂类物质可影响细胞增殖[21]。本研究发现NCM可引起细胞活性呈剂量依赖性降低,见图1,代谢组学提示多种鞘脂类物质代谢受到明显影响,这表明NCM引起的细胞活性降低可能与鞘脂类物质代谢紊乱有关。国外动物研究和本课题组人群横断面研究均提示NCM可以导致机体炎症[913],脂质代谢与肺部炎症密切相关。在急性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的代谢组中,脂质代谢均发生显著改变,且代谢产物参与了炎症的发生[22],提示NCM引起的肺部炎症可能与机体脂质代谢紊乱有关。脂质代谢紊乱同样在纤维化中起重要作用。在肺纤维化模型中,多种脂类代谢物水平均会发生明显变化[23-24],提高硬脂酸水平可减轻BEAS-2B细胞的上皮间质转化(EMT)[25],因此,脂质代谢异常可能参与NCM致肺纤维化的发生机制。
本研究中,不同剂量组共同富集的最显著的代谢途径是辅酶Q生物合成途径。目前已发现的辅酶Q类包括辅酶Q1~Q13,人体内存在的是辅酶Q10(CoQ10)。CoQ10正常代谢对于维持线粒体的正常功能至关重要,可通过多种方式发挥抗氧化作用[26-27],有助于稳定MMP,防止蛋白质氧化和DNA损伤[28-29]。研究发现,CoQ10以浓度梯度的方式减轻LPS引起的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、破裂和MMP下降,缓解线粒体结构损伤[30],还能够降低线粒体ROS和Ca2+水平,恢复线粒体功能[31]。另一项研究也发现CoQ10可以阻止MMP下降[32]。结合本研究结果,鉴定出的差异代谢物包括2-六异戊二烯基-6-甲氧基苯酚,该物质是辅酶Q合成途径的中间体,其水平改变可能影响CoQ10的合成。本研究观察到该物质在NCM处理后出现水平下降的趋势,推测这可能导致CoQ10合成减少,降低细胞的抗氧化能力,最终导致线粒体功能障碍,这可能是NCM关键毒性机制之一。而透射电镜和MMP结果显示,NCM处理后,BEAS-2B细胞线粒体形态遭到破坏并出现MMP降低,由此可以推测,NCM可能通过下调CoQ10水平引起线粒体损伤,后续实验拟进一步验证检测。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,本研究只关注胞内代谢物,未对胞外代谢物进行相应研究,未能了解分泌型代谢物的变化,后续可同时收集胞内外代谢物进行检测分析。其次,本研究采用非靶向代谢组学虽然能够全面检测各类代谢物,但由于非靶向组学技术的局限性,只能对代谢物进行相对定量,而靶向代谢组学可以对代谢物进行准确定量,后续应考虑结合靶向代谢组学进行研究。本研究的意义在于探讨了NCM对人支气管上皮细胞代谢的影响,为其呼吸系统毒性机制的探索提供线索,为更好地保护职业人群健康提供理论依据。综上所述,本研究通过非靶向代谢组学技术初步探讨NCM对BEAS-2B细胞的毒性机制,发现脂类代谢紊乱和辅酶Q生物合成障碍可能是NCM诱导细胞毒性的关键因素,线粒体可能是NCM的潜在毒性靶点。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81972990)
  • 广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515012530)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411564
  • 接收时间:2024-11-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-30
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81972990)
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515012530)
作者信息
    1.中山大学公共卫生学院,广东 广州 510080
    2.广东省职业病防治院毒理实验所,广东 广州 510300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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