首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1241025202700734964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728057600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773813065457, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773813065457, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773813065457, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813065457, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241065978004557893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822787047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773823194927, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241067688831808348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241065978004557893, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=636, endPage=641, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241025203023696375, articleId=1241025202700734964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Astudy on the relationship between dietary carbohydrate fiber intake and the risk of diabetes among residents of the lliregion, Xinjiang, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in the Ili region of Xinjiang, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The data from the the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort in the Ili region was utilized, selecting participants who took part in the baseline survey in 2019 and were followed up in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We calculated the CF for study participants based on dietary survey data. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to investigate the association between CF and the risk of T2DM. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between CF and T2DM risk.

Results

A total of 6 879 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 37.4 months, during which 543 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on CF (Cumulative Frequency). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developing T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 30.0%(HR=0.700, 95% CI: 0.547-0.896) and 29.3% (HR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904), respectively, compared to the Q1 group. The use of restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear U-shaped relationship between CF and the risk of developing T2DM (P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that in overweight and obese individuals (BMI≥24 kg/m2), the risk of T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 35.7% and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the Q1 group. Among males, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was reduced by 31.6% compared to the Q1 group, while in females, the Q3 group showed a reduction of 36.7% compared to the Q1 group. Additionally, in individuals aged under 65 years, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was also reduced by 34.5% compared to the Q1 group. No associations were observed in other stratified populations.

Conclusion

A U-shaped relationship exists between CF and the risk of T2DM. Attention should be paid to the CF levels in individuals who are overweight or obese and those under 65 years of age, as there are significant implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-shen GU, Shulipan·Aslibieke, Hui ZHAO, Anaer Gaoshao, Run-ze MA, Tao LUO, Bahegu·Yimingniyazi, Sui-heng LIN, Jiang-hong DAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241025205737411094, articleId=1241025202700734964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比与糖尿病发病风险研究, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比(CF，carbohydrates to Fiber ratio)与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的关系，旨在为2型糖尿病的防治提供科学依据。

方法

使用新疆多民族自然人群队列伊犁地区数据，选取了参加2019年基线调查与2020、2021和2022年三次随访的研究对象。根据膳食调查数据计算研究对象的CF，采用Cox比例风险模型探讨CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的关联。同时使用限制性立方样条，分析CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的剂量反应关系。

结果

最终纳入研究对象6 879人，中位随访时间为37.4个月，2型糖尿病新发543例。CF按照4分位数分组，在调整潜在的混杂因素后，相较于CF的Q1组，Q2组和Q3组的2型糖尿病发病风险分别下降了30.0%(HR=0.700，95% CI:0.547~0.896)和29.3%(HR=0.707，95% CI:0.553~0.904)。限制性立方样条显示CF与2型糖尿病发病风险存在非线性的U型关系(P<0.05)。分层分析结果显示在超重及肥胖(≥24 kg/m2)人群中，Q2组和Q3组相较于Q1组发病风险分别降低了35.7%，35.4%，男性中Q2组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险降低了31.6%，而女性则是Q3组相较于Q1组降低了36.7%。此外在年龄65岁以下的人群中Q2组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险也降低了34.5%。而其他分层人群中未观察到存在关联。

结论

CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间存在U型关系。并且应当重视超重及肥胖以及<65岁人群的CF水平，这对2型糖尿病的防治具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
戴江红，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FBtEseBvRSqHI7DosoVXLQ==, magXml=ZkE9evpnf7g0IT6Hcy1j2Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YDUGCArpDc9/ov9NPrNVlg==, pdfFileSize=841341, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dNI/kEokj0GltOIQTCuYeg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=YuBx8xJqW+EpS/ekgYHRng==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

顾园申(1997—)，男，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

, authorsList=顾园申, 署丽盼·阿斯力别克, 赵辉, 阿娜尔·高少, 马润泽, 罗涛, 巴合古·依明尼亚孜, 林燧恒, 戴江红)}, authors=[Author(id=1241067064958439727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065046520113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067064958439727, language=EN, stringName=Yuan-shen GU, firstName=Yuan-shen, middleName=null, lastName=GU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065122017586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067064958439727, language=CN, stringName=顾园申, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio={"content":"

顾园申(1997—)，男，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

顾园申(1997—)，男，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067065184932148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065247846710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065184932148, language=EN, stringName=Shulipan·Aslibieke, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065302372663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065184932148, language=CN, stringName=署丽盼·阿斯力别克, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067065369481529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065436590395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065369481529, language=EN, stringName=Hui ZHAO, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065507893564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065369481529, language=CN, stringName=赵辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067065562419518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065637916992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065562419518, language=EN, stringName=Anaer Gaoshao, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067065709220161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067065562419518, language=CN, stringName=阿娜尔·高少, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067067206586691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067277889861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067206586691, language=EN, stringName=Run-ze MA, firstName=Run-ze, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067340804422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067206586691, language=CN, stringName=马润泽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067067407913288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067495993674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067407913288, language=EN, stringName=Tao LUO, firstName=Tao, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067567296843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067407913288, language=CN, stringName=罗涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067067642794317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067714097487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067642794317, language=EN, stringName=Bahegu·Yimingniyazi, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067777012048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067642794317, language=CN, stringName=巴合古·依明尼亚孜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067067839926610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067902841172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067839926610, language=EN, stringName=Sui-heng LIN, firstName=Sui-heng, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067067961561429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067067839926610, language=CN, stringName=林燧恒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)])]), Author(id=1241067068024475991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=epi102@sina.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241067068120944986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067068024475991, language=EN, stringName=Jiang-hong DAI, firstName=Jiang-hong, middleName=null, lastName=DAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241067068196442459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, authorId=1241067068024475991, language=CN, stringName=戴江红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011
2.新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067064874553644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064887136557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064874553644, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241067068318077276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Carbohydrate), Keyword(id=1241067068376797533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio), Keyword(id=1241067068431323486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Type 2 diabetes), Keyword(id=1241067068498432351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=碳水化合物), Keyword(id=1241067068557152608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=碳水化合物纤维比), Keyword(id=1241067068624261473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=2型糖尿病)], refs=[Reference(id=1241067069995798896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=International Diabetes Federation, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021[EB/OL]. [2025-01-12]. https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/., articleTitle=IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067070050324849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=营养学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佚名．中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）[J].营养学报，2020, 42(6):521．, articleTitle=中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067070117433714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Anonym, journalName=Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anonym. Report on nutrition and chronic diseases in China (2020)[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2020, 42(6): 521. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Report on nutrition and chronic diseases in China (2020), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067070188736883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=123, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Zhou C, Zhang ZX, Liu MY, journalName=Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou C, Zhang ZX, Liu MY, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in China[J]. Metabolism, 2021, 123: 154865., articleTitle=Dietary carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067070247457140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=25, issue=9, pageStart=795, pageEnd=815, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Augustin LSA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, journalName=Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Augustin LSA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC)[J]. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD, 2015, 25(9): 795-815., articleTitle=Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067071715463541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Wong MMH, Yuen-Man CM, Ng TP, journalName=Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wong MMH, Yuen-Man CM, Ng TP, et al. Impact of carbohydrate quantity and quality on maternal and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 2024, 18(1): 102941., articleTitle=Impact of carbohydrate quantity and quality on maternal and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067071778378102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=102, issue=6, pageStart=1543, pageEnd=1553, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Alessa HB, Bhupathiraju SN, Malik VS, journalName=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alessa HB, Bhupathiraju SN, Malik VS, et al. Carbohydrate quality and quantity and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015, 102(6): 1543-1553., articleTitle=Carbohydrate quality and quantity and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067071849681271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=121, issue=4, pageStart=586, pageEnd=613, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong YL, Labarthe D, journalName=Circulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong YL, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and setting National goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond[J]. Circulation, 2010, 121(4): 586-613., articleTitle=Defining and setting National goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067071908401528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1981, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=362, pageEnd=366, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, journalName=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1981, 34(3): 362-366., articleTitle=Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067071979704697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=114, issue=5, pageStart=1625, pageEnd=1632, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Atkinson FS, Brand-Miller JC, Foster-Powell K, journalName=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Atkinson FS, Brand-Miller JC, Foster-Powell K, et al. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021:a systematic review[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021, 114(5): 1625-1632., articleTitle=International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021:a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072046813562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=57, issue=2, pageStart=237, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Lovegrove A, Edwards CH, De noni I, journalName=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lovegrove A, Edwards CH, De noni I, et al. Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017, 57(2): 237-253., articleTitle=Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072101339515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=56, issue=4, pageStart=541, pageEnd=590, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, journalName=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, et al. Impact of Diet composition on blood glucose regulation[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016, 56(4): 541-590., articleTitle=Impact of Diet composition on blood glucose regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072168448380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=21, pageStart=4443, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Dong Q, Wang L, Hu H, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Q, Wang L, Hu H, et al. Greaterprotection of lower dietary Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio (CFR) against poor blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: A cross-sectional study[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(21): 4443., articleTitle=Greaterprotection of lower dietary Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio (CFR) against poor blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: A cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072235557245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=43, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Liu ZM, Fang TY, journalName=Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu ZM, Fang TY. Association between dietary carbohydrate to fiber ratio and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in adults: evidence from the NHANES 2017-2020[J]. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 2024, 43(1): 43., articleTitle=Association between dietary carbohydrate to fiber ratio and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in adults: evidence from the NHANES 2017-2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072294277502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=72, issue=4, pageStart=329, pageEnd=335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Hashimoto Y, Tanaka MH, Miki A, journalName=Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hashimoto Y, Tanaka MH, Miki A, et al. Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio is a useful marker for metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018, 72(4): 329-335., articleTitle=Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio is a useful marker for metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072348803455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Zhang LS, Zhao LBI, Xiao XY, journalName=PLOS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang LS, Zhao LBI, Xiao XY, et al. Association of dietary carbohydrate and fiber ratio with postmenopausal bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study[J]. PLOS One, 2024, 19(2): e0297332., articleTitle=Association of dietary carbohydrate and fiber ratio with postmenopausal bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072407523712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=14, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=党少农, 戴江红, 张毓洪, journalName=中华流行病学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=党少农，戴江红，张毓洪，等．西北区域自然人群队列建设与实践[J].中华流行病学杂志，2023, 44(1):14-20．, articleTitle=西北区域自然人群队列建设与实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072466243969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=14, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Dang SN, Dai JH, Zhang YH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dang SN, Dai JH, Zhang YH, et al. Design and practice of China Northwest General Population Cohort[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 44(1): 14-20. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Design and practice of China Northwest General Population Cohort, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072520769922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=146, issue=2, pageStart=306, pageEnd=317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Alessa HB, Ley SH, Rosner B, journalName=Journal of Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alessa HB, Ley SH, Rosner B, et al. High fiber and low starch intakes are associated with circulating intermediate biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among women[J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2016, 146(2): 306-317., articleTitle=High fiber and low starch intakes are associated with circulating intermediate biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among women, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072579490179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Cui Z, Wu M, Liu K, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui Z, Wu M, Liu K, et al. Associations between Conventional and Emerging Indicators of Dietary Carbohydrate Quality and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults[J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15(3)., articleTitle=Associations between Conventional and Emerging Indicators of Dietary Carbohydrate Quality and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072634016132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=71, issue=6, pageStart=1095, pageEnd=1105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Qi QB, Li J, Yu B, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi QB, Li J, Yu B, et al. Host andgut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies[J]. Gut, 2022, 71(6): 1095-1105., articleTitle=Host andgut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072709513605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=359, issue=6380, pageStart=1151, pageEnd=1156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Zhao LP, Zhang F, Ding XY, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao LP, Zhang F, Ding XY, et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6380): 1151-1156., articleTitle=Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072785011078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=48, issue=11, pageStart=2343, pageEnd=2353, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Weickert MO, Mohlig M, Koebnick C, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weickert MO, Mohlig M, Koebnick C, et al. Impact of cereal fibre on glucose-regulating factors[J]. Diabetologia, 2005, 48(11): 2343-2353., articleTitle=Impact of cereal fibre on glucose-regulating factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072852119943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=1022, pageEnd=1028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Qi L, Rimm E, Liu S, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi L, Rimm E, Liu S, et al. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, cereal fiber, and plasma adiponectin concentration in diabetic men[J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1022-1028., articleTitle=Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, cereal fiber, and plasma adiponectin concentration in diabetic men, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072915034504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=1823, pageEnd=1825, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Thomas MC, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Thomas MC, et al. Associations between dietary fiber and inflammation, hepatic function, and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men: potential mechanisms for the benefits of fiber on diabetes risk[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(10): 1823-1825., articleTitle=Associations between dietary fiber and inflammation, hepatic function, and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men: potential mechanisms for the benefits of fiber on diabetes risk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067072994726281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=8, issue=11, pageStart=686, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Khalili Moghadam S, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Khalili Moghadam S, et al. Aprospective study of different types of dietary fiber and risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study[J]. Nutrients, 2016, 8(11): 686., articleTitle=Aprospective study of different types of dietary fiber and risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073053446538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=3, issue=9, pageStart=e419, pageEnd=e428, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng SS, journalName=The Lancet. Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng SS, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort studyand meta-analysis[J]. The Lancet. Public Health, 2018, 3(9): e419-e428., articleTitle=Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort studyand meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073116361099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=446, pageEnd=451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=27, authorNames=陈晓铭, 梁茂珊, 赖天文, journalName=中国预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈晓铭，梁茂珊，赖天文，等．短期低碳水化合物饮食干预对超重肥胖患者体质量和糖脂代谢指标的影响[J].中国预防医学杂志，2024, 25(4):446-451．, articleTitle=短期低碳水化合物饮食干预对超重肥胖患者体质量和糖脂代谢指标的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073166692748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=446, pageEnd=451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Chen XM, Liang MS, Lai TW, journalName=China Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen XM, Liang MS, Lai TW, et al. Effects of a short-term low-carbohydrate diet intervention on bodycomposition and glycolipid metabolism indicators in overweight and obese individuals[J]. China Preventive Medicine, 2024, 25(4): 446-451. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of a short-term low-carbohydrate diet intervention on bodycomposition and glycolipid metabolism indicators in overweight and obese individuals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073292521869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Li SX, Wang Y, Ying YY, journalName=JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li SX, Wang Y, Ying YY, et al. Independent and joint associations of BMI and waist circumference with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: prospective data linkage study[J]. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2023, 9: e39459., articleTitle=Independent and joint associations of BMI and waist circumference with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: prospective data linkage study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073351242126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=63, issue=3, pageStart=453, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Tramunt B, Smati S, Grandgeorge N, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tramunt B, Smati S, Grandgeorge N, et al. Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility[J]. Diabetologia, 2020, 63(3): 453-461., articleTitle=Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241067073409962383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=88, issue=11, pageStart=1254, pageEnd=1264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M, journalName=Physical Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications[J]. Physical Therapy, 2008, 88(11): 1254-1264., articleTitle=Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241067069807055214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, awardId=2022TSYCTD0013, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区项目科技创新团队(天山创新团队)项目(2022TSYCTD0013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241067069874164079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, awardId=82360662; 82160640, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82360662; 82160640), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241067064786473257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064794861866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064811639083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064786473257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241067064874553644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241067064887136557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, companyId=1241067064874553644, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241067068808810850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Trends of T2DM Incidence by Different CF Levels and Follow-up Counts at Different Time Points, figureFileSmall=fWQLn9UUqGS4wMpa99aEHQ==, figureFileBig=WrZ6eqVXAaWTCMZUyyJrTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067068875919715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同CF水平组T2DM累积发病趋势及不同时间点随访人数, figureFileSmall=fWQLn9UUqGS4wMpa99aEHQ==, figureFileBig=WrZ6eqVXAaWTCMZUyyJrTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067068968194404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Dose-Response Relationship Between CF and Diabetes Risk, figureFileSmall=gxoApxTkVp5IUzdh86h0vg==, figureFileBig=LS84+VulIdUvn/0kptUT3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067069031108965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CF与糖尿病发病风险剂量反应关系

注：将CF值取对数后绘制，协变量调整同CF在Model3中协变量调整种类。

, figureFileSmall=gxoApxTkVp5IUzdh86h0vg==, figureFileBig=LS84+VulIdUvn/0kptUT3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067069173715302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Forest Plot of Subgroup Analysis on the Relationship Between CF and T2DM Risk, figureFileSmall=uHkcUq4EBSKZfDFVCZ6MUA==, figureFileBig=Ylaj7ZUO+zO9c+F9YPVT8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067069232435559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CF与T2DM发病风险分层分析森林图

注：协变量调整除各分层因素外同CF在Model3中其它协变量调整种类。

, figureFileSmall=uHkcUq4EBSKZfDFVCZ6MUA==, figureFileBig=Ylaj7ZUO+zO9c+F9YPVT8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241067069295350120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic Characteristics of Populations at Different CF Levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量n=6 879Q1(n=1 720)Q2(n=1 720)Q3(n=1 719)Q4(n=1 720)H/χ2值P值
CF()9.95±7.953.47±0.615.62±0.649.07±1.6621.65±7.14
年龄[岁，M(QR)]50.00(15.00)49.00(14.25)49.00(14.00)49.00(15.00)51.00(16.00)187.828<0.001a
男性[n(%)]3 255746(22.92)835(25.65)848(26.05)826(25.38)14.9920.002
BMI[kg/m2，M(QR)]25.88(5.53)25.71(5.87)25.71(5.76)25.96(5.38)26.20(5.22)5 154.025<0.001a
民族[n(%)]2 031.004<0.001
维吾尔族1 676441(26.31)688(41.05)439(26.19)108(6.44)
汉族99166(6.66)146(14.73)326(32.90)453(45.71)
回族1 731937(54.13)388(22.41)193(11.15)213(12.31)
哈萨克族2 352263(11.18)470(19.98)725(30.82)894(38.01)
其他12913(10.08)28(21.71)36(27.91)52(40.31)
文化程度[n(%)]131.023<0.001
高中及以上458162(35.37)127(27.73)103(22.49)66(14.41)
小学及初中4 6771 206(25.79)1 243(26.58)1 141(24.40)1 087(23.24)
未正规上过学1 744352(20.18)350(20.07)475(27.24)567(32.51)
家庭年收入[万元，n(%)]105.266<0.001
≥5580200(34.48)123(21.21)152(26.21)105(18.10)
2~<52 620564(21.53)691(26.37)705(26.91)660(25.19)
1~<22 794668(23.91)719(25.73)675(24.16)732(26.20)
<1815278(34.11)173(21.23)164(20.12)200(24.54)
不清楚7010(14.29)14(20.00)23(32.86)23(32.86)
婚姻状况[n(%)]53.800<0.001
已婚6 1161 461(23.89)1 549(25.33)1 542(25.21)1 564(25.57)
分居/离婚25895(36.82)44(17.05)58(22.48)61(23.64)
丧偶461154(33.41)118(25.60)110(23.86)79(17.14)
未婚4410(22.73)9(20.45)9(20.45)16(36.36)
职业[n(%)]36.965<0.001
体力劳动类3 045664(21.81)797(26.17)810(26.60)774(25.42)
服务行业类3 396943(27.77)810(23.85)799(23.53)844(24.85)
管理类4912(24.49)17(34.69)13(26.53)7(14.29)
其他类389101(25.96)96(24.68)97(24.94)95(24.42)
锻炼频率[n(%)]85.934<0.001
从不5 6131 458(25.98)1 488(26.51)1 360(24.23)1 307(23.29)
经常964195(20.23)185(19.19)279(28.94)305(31.64)
每天30267(22.19)47(15.56)80(26.49)108(35.76)
饮酒频率[n(%)]14.0210.029
从不5 6951 412(24.79)1 400(24.58)1 419(24.92)1 464(25.71)
偶尔1 007260(25.82)279(27.71)260(25.82)208(20.66)
经常17748(27.12)41(23.16)40(22.60)48(27.12)
吸烟频率[n(%)]45.126<0.001
从不5 1921 257(24.21)1 249(24.06)1 303(25.10)1 383(26.64)
经常12841(32.03)26(20.31)25(19.53)36(28.13)
每天1559422(27.07)445(28.54)391(25.08)301(19.31)
饮茶频率[n(%)]179.408<0.001
从不3 297838(25.42)810(24.57)868(26.33)781(23.69)
偶尔1 499217(14.48)437(29.15)349(23.28)496(33.09)
经常2 083665(31.93)473(22.71)502(24.10)443(21.27)
基线高血压[n(%)]2 452631(25.73)556(22.68)569(23.21)696(28.38)31.346<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067069370847593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同CF水平人群基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量n=6 879Q1(n=1 720)Q2(n=1 720)Q3(n=1 719)Q4(n=1 720)H/χ2值P值
CF()9.95±7.953.47±0.615.62±0.649.07±1.6621.65±7.14
年龄[岁，M(QR)]50.00(15.00)49.00(14.25)49.00(14.00)49.00(15.00)51.00(16.00)187.828<0.001a
男性[n(%)]3 255746(22.92)835(25.65)848(26.05)826(25.38)14.9920.002
BMI[kg/m2，M(QR)]25.88(5.53)25.71(5.87)25.71(5.76)25.96(5.38)26.20(5.22)5 154.025<0.001a
民族[n(%)]2 031.004<0.001
维吾尔族1 676441(26.31)688(41.05)439(26.19)108(6.44)
汉族99166(6.66)146(14.73)326(32.90)453(45.71)
回族1 731937(54.13)388(22.41)193(11.15)213(12.31)
哈萨克族2 352263(11.18)470(19.98)725(30.82)894(38.01)
其他12913(10.08)28(21.71)36(27.91)52(40.31)
文化程度[n(%)]131.023<0.001
高中及以上458162(35.37)127(27.73)103(22.49)66(14.41)
小学及初中4 6771 206(25.79)1 243(26.58)1 141(24.40)1 087(23.24)
未正规上过学1 744352(20.18)350(20.07)475(27.24)567(32.51)
家庭年收入[万元，n(%)]105.266<0.001
≥5580200(34.48)123(21.21)152(26.21)105(18.10)
2~<52 620564(21.53)691(26.37)705(26.91)660(25.19)
1~<22 794668(23.91)719(25.73)675(24.16)732(26.20)
<1815278(34.11)173(21.23)164(20.12)200(24.54)
不清楚7010(14.29)14(20.00)23(32.86)23(32.86)
婚姻状况[n(%)]53.800<0.001
已婚6 1161 461(23.89)1 549(25.33)1 542(25.21)1 564(25.57)
分居/离婚25895(36.82)44(17.05)58(22.48)61(23.64)
丧偶461154(33.41)118(25.60)110(23.86)79(17.14)
未婚4410(22.73)9(20.45)9(20.45)16(36.36)
职业[n(%)]36.965<0.001
体力劳动类3 045664(21.81)797(26.17)810(26.60)774(25.42)
服务行业类3 396943(27.77)810(23.85)799(23.53)844(24.85)
管理类4912(24.49)17(34.69)13(26.53)7(14.29)
其他类389101(25.96)96(24.68)97(24.94)95(24.42)
锻炼频率[n(%)]85.934<0.001
从不5 6131 458(25.98)1 488(26.51)1 360(24.23)1 307(23.29)
经常964195(20.23)185(19.19)279(28.94)305(31.64)
每天30267(22.19)47(15.56)80(26.49)108(35.76)
饮酒频率[n(%)]14.0210.029
从不5 6951 412(24.79)1 400(24.58)1 419(24.92)1 464(25.71)
偶尔1 007260(25.82)279(27.71)260(25.82)208(20.66)
经常17748(27.12)41(23.16)40(22.60)48(27.12)
吸烟频率[n(%)]45.126<0.001
从不5 1921 257(24.21)1 249(24.06)1 303(25.10)1 383(26.64)
经常12841(32.03)26(20.31)25(19.53)36(28.13)
每天1559422(27.07)445(28.54)391(25.08)301(19.31)
饮茶频率[n(%)]179.408<0.001
从不3 297838(25.42)810(24.57)868(26.33)781(23.69)
偶尔1 499217(14.48)437(29.15)349(23.28)496(33.09)
经常2 083665(31.93)473(22.71)502(24.10)443(21.27)
基线高血压[n(%)]2 452631(25.73)556(22.68)569(23.21)696(28.38)31.346<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067069450539370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

General Conditions of Nutrients Associated at Different CF Levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量n=6 879Q1(n=1 720)Q2(n=1 720)
总能量摄入[kcal，M(QR)]6.83(8.27)3.48(0.91)5.58(1.06)
膳食纤维 [g，M(QR)]2 346.55(1 156.53)3 025.91(1 291.75)2 584.07(957.86)
碳水化合物 [g，M(QR)]341.61(115.80)332.58(95.57)352.25(114.86)
蛋白质摄入 [g，M(QR)]51.64(53.71)95.24(26.37)65.21(23.99)
脂肪摄入 [g，M(QR)]87.75(59.40)131.88(72.79)103.36(49.15)
变量Q3(n=1 719)Q4(n=1 720)H值P值
总能量摄入[kcal，M(QR)]8.70(2.73)20.14(9.78)1 703.813<0.001
膳食纤维 [g，M(QR)]2 318.39(837.99)1 740.15(701.28)284.366<0.001
碳水化合物 [g，M(QR)]364.30(130.40)315.26(122.41)5 436.080<0.001
蛋白质摄入 [g，M(QR)]42.80(19.79)14.77(9.35)2 260.945<0.001
脂肪摄入 [g，M(QR)]85.70(38.60)58.94(26.80)2 602.173<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067069509259627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同CF水平相关营养素一般情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量n=6 879Q1(n=1 720)Q2(n=1 720)
总能量摄入[kcal，M(QR)]6.83(8.27)3.48(0.91)5.58(1.06)
膳食纤维 [g，M(QR)]2 346.55(1 156.53)3 025.91(1 291.75)2 584.07(957.86)
碳水化合物 [g，M(QR)]341.61(115.80)332.58(95.57)352.25(114.86)
蛋白质摄入 [g，M(QR)]51.64(53.71)95.24(26.37)65.21(23.99)
脂肪摄入 [g，M(QR)]87.75(59.40)131.88(72.79)103.36(49.15)
变量Q3(n=1 719)Q4(n=1 720)H值P值
总能量摄入[kcal，M(QR)]8.70(2.73)20.14(9.78)1 703.813<0.001
膳食纤维 [g，M(QR)]2 318.39(837.99)1 740.15(701.28)284.366<0.001
碳水化合物 [g，M(QR)]364.30(130.40)315.26(122.41)5 436.080<0.001
蛋白质摄入 [g，M(QR)]42.80(19.79)14.77(9.35)2 260.945<0.001
脂肪摄入 [g，M(QR)]85.70(38.60)58.94(26.80)2 602.173<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241067069572174188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation Analysis Between Different CF Levels and the Risk of New-Onset Diabetes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类分组Model1Model2Model3
HR(95% CI)P值HR(95% CI)P值HR(95% CI)P值
CF(Q1-Q4)Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q20.700(0.547~0.896)0.0050.729(0.569~0.935)0.0130.750(0.578~0.973)0.030
Q30.707(0.553~0.904)0.0060.715(0.558~0.917)0.0080.720(0.548~0.946)0.019
Q41.037(0.832~1.293)0.7441.055(0.844~1.319)0.6371.007(0.762~1.331)0.960
CF1.010(1.000~1.020)0.0411.011(1.001~1.021)0.0311.011(0.999~1.022)0.066
), ArticleFig(id=1241067069693809005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241025202700734964, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同CF水平与新发糖尿病风险的关联分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类分组Model1Model2Model3
HR(95% CI)P值HR(95% CI)P值HR(95% CI)P值
CF(Q1-Q4)Q1ReferenceReferenceReference
Q20.700(0.547~0.896)0.0050.729(0.569~0.935)0.0130.750(0.578~0.973)0.030
Q30.707(0.553~0.904)0.0060.715(0.558~0.917)0.0080.720(0.548~0.946)0.019
Q41.037(0.832~1.293)0.7441.055(0.844~1.319)0.6371.007(0.762~1.331)0.960
CF1.010(1.000~1.020)0.0411.011(1.001~1.021)0.0311.011(0.999~1.022)0.066
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227664546253402114, delFlag=0, nameCn=现代预防医学, nameEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-8507, eissn=null, cn=51-1365/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770627636734, updatedTime=1770628902248, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, picEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1227669854342280188, language=CN, name=现代预防医学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902278, updatedTime=1770628902278, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1227669854396806141, language=EN, name=Modern Preventive Medicine, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770628902291, updatedTime=1770628902291, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/regist, submissionEditorUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionReviewUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/#/Login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227665162245664772, websiteList=[Website(id=1227687234141352800, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770633045945, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633090526, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=现代预防医学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687735088051072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633165380, updateTime=1770633165380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735071273853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633165376, updateTime=1770633165376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735113216899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165386, updateTime=1770633165386, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735062885244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633165374, updateTime=1770633165374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735125799813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165389, updateTime=1770633165389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735083856767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770633165379, updateTime=1770633165379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735121605508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633165388, updateTime=1770633165388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735079662462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770633165378, updateTime=1770633165378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735096439681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633165382, updateTime=1770633165382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687735104828290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234141352800, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633165384, updateTime=1770633165384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1227687234338485094, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227665162245664772, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770633045992, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770633115374, updateBy=18614031015, name=现代预防医学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Modern Preventive Medicine, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1227687709129507332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770633159191, updateTime=1770633159191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709108535809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770633159186, updateTime=1770633159186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709167256071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159200, updateTime=1770633159200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709095952896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/XB5plC0xuykmQnycvtyrw==, createTime=1770633159183, updateTime=1770633159183, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709179838985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159203, updateTime=1770633159203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709121118723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770633159189, updateTime=1770633159189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709171450376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770633159201, updateTime=1770633159201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709112730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770633159187, updateTime=1770633159187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709133701637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770633159192, updateTime=1770633159192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1227687709154673158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1227687234338485094, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770633159197, updateTime=1770633159197, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=现代预防医学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://xdyfyxzz.paperopen.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Modern Preventive Medicine, journalPhotoCn=IeiuPXEZi6AA+k0VfvoiOQ==, journalPhotoEn=/9iTl8/ndms4tBz1fL28Pg==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/EN/PDF/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比与糖尿病发病风险研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
顾园申 1 , 署丽盼·阿斯力别克 1 , 赵辉 1 , 阿娜尔·高少 1 , 马润泽 1 , 罗涛 1 , 巴合古·依明尼亚孜 1 , 林燧恒 1 , 戴江红 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(4): 636-641
收起
收藏切换
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(4): 636-641
新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比与糖尿病发病风险研究
全屏
顾园申1, 署丽盼·阿斯力别克1, 赵辉1, 阿娜尔·高少1, 马润泽1, 罗涛1, 巴合古·依明尼亚孜1, 林燧恒1, 戴江红1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2.新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室

    • 顾园申(1997—)，男，硕士在读，研究方向：慢性病流行病学

通讯作者:

戴江红，E-mail：
Astudy on the relationship between dietary carbohydrate fiber intake and the risk of diabetes among residents of the lliregion, Xinjiang
Yuan-shen GU1, Shulipan·Aslibieke1, Hui ZHAO1, Anaer Gaoshao1, Run-ze MA1, Tao LUO1, Bahegu·Yimingniyazi1, Sui-heng LIN1, Jiang-hong DAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起
目的

探讨新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比(CF，carbohydrates to Fiber ratio)与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的关系，旨在为2型糖尿病的防治提供科学依据。

方法

使用新疆多民族自然人群队列伊犁地区数据，选取了参加2019年基线调查与2020、2021和2022年三次随访的研究对象。根据膳食调查数据计算研究对象的CF，采用Cox比例风险模型探讨CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的关联。同时使用限制性立方样条，分析CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间的剂量反应关系。

结果

最终纳入研究对象6 879人，中位随访时间为37.4个月，2型糖尿病新发543例。CF按照4分位数分组，在调整潜在的混杂因素后，相较于CF的Q1组，Q2组和Q3组的2型糖尿病发病风险分别下降了30.0%(HR=0.700，95% CI:0.547~0.896)和29.3%(HR=0.707，95% CI:0.553~0.904)。限制性立方样条显示CF与2型糖尿病发病风险存在非线性的U型关系(P<0.05)。分层分析结果显示在超重及肥胖(≥24 kg/m2)人群中，Q2组和Q3组相较于Q1组发病风险分别降低了35.7%，35.4%，男性中Q2组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险降低了31.6%，而女性则是Q3组相较于Q1组降低了36.7%。此外在年龄65岁以下的人群中Q2组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险也降低了34.5%。而其他分层人群中未观察到存在关联。

结论

CF与2型糖尿病发病风险之间存在U型关系。并且应当重视超重及肥胖以及<65岁人群的CF水平，这对2型糖尿病的防治具有重要意义。

碳水化合物  /  碳水化合物纤维比  /  2型糖尿病
Objective

To explore the relationship between the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in the Ili region of Xinjiang, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The data from the the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort in the Ili region was utilized, selecting participants who took part in the baseline survey in 2019 and were followed up in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We calculated the CF for study participants based on dietary survey data. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to investigate the association between CF and the risk of T2DM. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between CF and T2DM risk.

Results

A total of 6 879 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 37.4 months, during which 543 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on CF (Cumulative Frequency). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developing T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 30.0%(HR=0.700, 95% CI: 0.547-0.896) and 29.3% (HR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904), respectively, compared to the Q1 group. The use of restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear U-shaped relationship between CF and the risk of developing T2DM (P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that in overweight and obese individuals (BMI≥24 kg/m2), the risk of T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 35.7% and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the Q1 group. Among males, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was reduced by 31.6% compared to the Q1 group, while in females, the Q3 group showed a reduction of 36.7% compared to the Q1 group. Additionally, in individuals aged under 65 years, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was also reduced by 34.5% compared to the Q1 group. No associations were observed in other stratified populations.

Conclusion

A U-shaped relationship exists between CF and the risk of T2DM. Attention should be paid to the CF levels in individuals who are overweight or obese and those under 65 years of age, as there are significant implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Carbohydrate  /  Carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio  /  Type 2 diabetes
顾园申, 署丽盼·阿斯力别克, 赵辉, 阿娜尔·高少, 马润泽, 罗涛, 巴合古·依明尼亚孜, 林燧恒, 戴江红. 新疆伊犁地区居民碳水化合物纤维比与糖尿病发病风险研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (4) : 636 -641 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015
Yuan-shen GU, Shulipan·Aslibieke, Hui ZHAO, Anaer Gaoshao, Run-ze MA, Tao LUO, Bahegu·Yimingniyazi, Sui-heng LIN, Jiang-hong DAI. Astudy on the relationship between dietary carbohydrate fiber intake and the risk of diabetes among residents of the lliregion, Xinjiang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (4) : 636 -641 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015
正文
收起
糖尿病是一种慢性非传染性疾病，我国18岁及以上居民的糖尿病患病率为11.9%，超过90%的糖尿病患者为2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM)[1-2]。既往研究发现碳水化合物摄入水平与T2DM发病风险存在关联[3]，且近年已有证据提出碳水化合物质量对于T2DM发病风险可能更加重要[4-6]。碳水化合物纤维比(CF，Carbohydrates to fiber ratio)是一个新兴的碳水化合物质量指标；CF的提出是基于美国心脏协会的建议，计算过程较为简单易懂，即碳水化合物(g)和总膳食纤维摄入量(g)的比值[7]。相较于膳食血糖生成指数(Glycemic Index，GI)，CF具有不会受到如食物本身营养成分、食物加工方式、受试对象等多种因素影响等优势 [8-11]。此外已有研究使用CF评价研究对象日常摄入的碳水化合物质量，并且利用CF去探索碳水化合物质量与脂肪肝、高血压等慢性疾病之间的关系[12-13]。但对于CF与T2DM关系的研究较少且多为横断面研究[12，14-15]。因此，本研究依托“新疆多民族自然人群队列”，分析伊犁地区居民的CF与T2DM发病风险之间的关系，为新疆伊犁地区居民膳食指导提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
收起
1.1　对象
基于新疆多民族自然人群队列伊犁州霍城现场，该人群于2019年招募35~74岁的研究对象8 011人。剔除基线时血糖及膳食信息缺失者246人、T2DM患者460人、能量摄入异常者426人，最终纳入研究对象6 879人。本研究已通过新疆医科大学附属中医医院的伦理审查(审批号：2018XE0108)，所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
1.2　问卷调查
采用“西北区域自然人群队列建设”项目设计的统一问卷，调查对象的社会人口学特征(性别、年龄、文化程度等)、生活方式因素(吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等)和膳食频率。膳食频率问卷包括9个大类，126种食物。调查研究对象在过去1年中每种食物的摄入频率(每天、4~6次/周、1~3次/周、1~3次/月、不吃或极少吃)及每次摄入量(g)。
1.3　体格检查及实验室检测
通过体格检查获得研究对象身高、体重、血压测量值，计算体质指数(BMI)。采集研究对象空腹8小时后的静脉血，并在4小时内将采集的血液样本送到乡镇卫生服务中心，完成血脂、血糖等生化指标的检测。
1.4　碳水化合物纤维比(CF，carbohydrates to fiber ratio)
采用《中国食物成分表标准版(第5版)》所规定的食物成分表和研究对象的膳食数据计算相关营养素。使用碳水化合物(g)和总膳食纤维摄入量(g)的比值计算膳食CF值。CF使用4分位数将研究对象分为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4共4组。
1.5　随访方式及结局评价
从2019年膳食频率问卷(FFQ)调查的日期开始到研究对象的T2DM诊断、失访或随访结束（截至2022年12月31日）。T2DM根据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》进行诊断，其发病信息主要从多种数据库信息匹配、现场随访及电话随访等方式进行获取。
1.6　统计学处理
采用R 4.2.1进行数据分析。满足正态分布的连续性变量使用表示，若不满足正态分布，则采用中位数和四分位数间距M(QR)，分类变量采用n(%)表示。协变量缺失部分低于10%时使用多重插补中的预测均值进行插补。使用方差分析或秩和检验来比较不同CF水平组之间各因素的差异，以及使用K-M曲线比较不同组T2DM发病趋势。采用Cox比例风险回归模型，分析碳水化合物质量指数CF对T2DM发病风险的影响。并将能量、年龄、民族、性别、教育水平、收入、饮茶、饮酒、吸烟、BMI、锻炼频次等因素作为协变量进行分步调整。使用限制性立方样条评估CF与T2DM发病风险之间的剂量反应关系。此外将BMI、性别、年龄和民族作为分层因素进行分层分析。所有检验均为双侧，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　调查对象CF基线情况
纳入研究对象6 879人，中位随访时间为37.4个月。男性为3 255人，中位年龄为50.00（QR=15.00）岁，中位BMI为25.88（QR=5.53）kg/m2，哈萨克族为2 352人，小学及初中学历者为4 677人。不同CF水平组基线的年龄、性别、BMI、民族、文化程度、家庭年收入、婚姻状况、职业、锻炼频率、饮酒频率、饮茶频率、高血压患病情况、总能量摄入、膳食纤维、碳水化合物、蛋白质摄入、脂肪摄入差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总能量摄入、膳食纤维、蛋白质摄入、脂肪摄入随着CF的水平提升其摄入量在降低。见表1和表2。
2.2　糖尿病发病情况
随访期间新发糖尿病为543例，累计发病率7.89%。Q1组和Q4组T2DM发病率最高，分别为8.66%和10.00%。T2DM发病率最低为Q2组为6.40%。不同CF组间的T2DM发病存在显著差异(P <0.005)。见图1。
2.3　CF与T2DM发病风险的关联
在调整人口学因素、生活方式、个人健康状况等混杂因素后，Cox 比例风险回归分析显示，较于CF的Q1组，CF的Q2组和Q3组T2DM发病风险分别下降了30.0%(HR=0.700，95% CI:0.547，0.896)和29.3%(HR=0.707，95% CI:0.553~0.904)，而Q4组相较于Q1组并未观察到差异。将CF值作为连续性放入模型中，在调整人口学因素、生活方式、个人健康状况等混杂因素后未观察到CF与T2DM发病风险之间的关联。见表3。
2.4　CF与T2DM发病风险的剂量反应关系
探讨CF与T2DM之间的非线性关系，将CF取对数后绘制限制性立方样条，结果发现CF与T2DM发病风险存在非线性U型关系（（P总趋势<0.05），P非线性<0.005）。将CF反取对数后，提示在CF=6.74时T2DM发病风险最低。见图2。
2.5　CF与T2DM发病风险的分层分析
考虑到基线的BMI、性别、年龄和民族对于结果的影响所以对以上因素进行分层分析，结果显示在超重及肥胖人群中Q2组和Q3组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险分别降低了35.7%(HR=0.643，95% CI:0.490~0.844)，35.4%(HR=0.646，95% CI:0.490~0.852)。男性中Q2组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险降低了31.6%(HR=0.684，95% CI:0.476~0.983)，而女性则是Q3组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险降低了36.7%(HR=0.691，95% CI:0.437~0.916)。并且在年龄65岁以下的人群中Q3组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险降低了34.5%(HR=0.655，95% CI:0.492~0.873)。而在体重正常(<24 kg/m2)，65岁以下和各民族人群中未见CF与T2DM发病风险存在关联。见图3。
3　讨论
收起
本研究基于新疆多民族自然人群队列伊犁霍城现场[16]，探讨CF与T2DM发病风险之间的关系。调整混杂因素后Cox回归分析结果显示，总人群中相较于Q1组，CF的Q2和Q3组的T2DM发病风险降低。此关联在超重及肥胖以及<65岁人群中表现的更加明显。而在其他分层以及各个民族中未观察到与总人群相似的结论。一项纳入70 025名研究对象的美国护士健康研究结果显示，CF与T2DM较高的风险略有相关(RR=1.09，95% CI：1.00~1.20)[6]，另一项横断面研究报道了在美国女性群体中CF与糖尿病的中间生物标志物“脂联素”呈负相关，这也提示CF可能通过糖尿病的中间代谢物去影响糖尿病的进展[17]。
进一步使用限制性立方样条分析结果发现，CF与T2DM发病风险存在U型关系(P非线性<0.005)，当CF=6.74时T2DM发病风险最低。一项来自中国的队列研究中也发现CF值与T2DM发病风险也存在U型关联，与本研究相似[18]。既往研究提出一定范围内较高的膳食纤维摄入量可以通过增加短链脂肪酸和色氨酸代谢物的产生[19]、减少肝脏葡萄糖输出并刺激胰岛素分泌[20-21]和增加血浆脂联素水平，从而提高全身胰岛素敏感性[22]，或者调节炎症标志物(如白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子α)，从而降低患糖尿病的风险[23]。但一项伊朗成年人的大型前瞻性队列中发现，过多的谷物纤维与胰岛素抵抗指数增加有关[24]。原因可能在于全谷物在加工成精制谷物的过程中，丢失了对T2DM有益的成分。此外中国一项纳入16 260例非糖尿病患者的前瞻性队列研究表明碳水化合物占能量百分比与新发糖尿病的发病风险存在U型关系[3]。碳水化合物摄入量降低导致T2DM风险增加的原因可能在于减少碳水化合物摄入量后，蛋白质和脂肪摄入量进行取代后的潜在影响[25]。以上可以部分解释CF与T2DM发病风险存在U型关系。此外本研究将CF作为连续变量纳入完全调整模型中结果并未发现存在关联。原因可能在于CF与T2DM发病风险之间为U型的关系，而CF作为连续型变量在模型中难以捕捉与T2DM发病风险之间的关联。
研究中还发现，在超重及肥胖人群的Q2组和Q3组相较于Q1组的T2DM发病风险分别降低了29.6%，33.5%，而对体重正常人群无影响。其异质性来源可能为超重及肥胖是T2DM的重要危险因素，并且控制碳水化合物可以降低超重人群的发病风险，而对体重正常者影响较小[26-27]。在男性中Q2组表现为保护因素而女性则在Q3组表现为保护因素。研究表明糖尿病在男性中比在女性中更普遍，尤其是在中年人群中。女性的胰岛素敏感性更高，她们的胰岛素分泌和肠促胰岛素反应能力也高于男性[28]。因此在CF水平较高时（即碳水化合物占比更多）女性相较于男性更可能表现出保护作用，男性则更需要较低的CF水平（即膳食纤维占比更多）。此外<65岁的人群中也观察到了CF与T2DM发病风险存在关联性，但是在>65岁人群时未发现，原因可能在于过高的年龄会增加T2DM的发病风险，较好的碳水化合物质量所带来的有益作用无法带来质变[29]。
研究存在的局限性：第一，膳食调查信息仅在基线调查时收集，未获得随访期间膳食状况的动态变化情况；第二，膳食频率问卷调查依赖调查对象的记忆，因此不可避免的存在回忆偏倚。第三，研究人群来自于伊犁霍城现场人群，因此结果外推时需谨慎。
综上所述，本研究基于新疆多民族自然人群队列伊犁人群数据，发现碳水化合物质量指标CF与T2DM发病风险存在U型关系。因此按照合适的CF范围选择每日的碳水化合物摄入尤其是在超重及肥胖以及<65岁表现出保护作用的人群中，对T2DM发病风险有早期预防作用。
基金
收起
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区项目科技创新团队(天山创新团队)项目(2022TSYCTD0013)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82360662; 82160640)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021[EB/OL]. [2025-01-12]. https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/.
[2]
佚名．中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）[J].营养学报，2020, 42(6):521．
Anonym. Report on nutrition and chronic diseases in China (2020)[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2020, 42(6): 521. (In Chinese)
[3]
Zhou C, Zhang ZX, Liu MY, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in China[J]. Metabolism, 2021, 123: 154865.
[4]
Augustin LSA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC)[J]. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD, 2015, 25(9): 795-815.
[5]
Wong MMH, Yuen-Man CM, Ng TP, et al. Impact of carbohydrate quantity and quality on maternal and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 2024, 18(1): 102941.
[6]
Alessa HB, Bhupathiraju SN, Malik VS, et al. Carbohydrate quality and quantity and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015, 102(6): 1543-1553.
[7]
Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong YL, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and setting National goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond[J]. Circulation, 2010, 121(4): 586-613.
[8]
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1981, 34(3): 362-366.
[9]
Atkinson FS, Brand-Miller JC, Foster-Powell K, et al. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021:a systematic review[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021, 114(5): 1625-1632.
[10]
Lovegrove A, Edwards CH, De noni I, et al. Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017, 57(2): 237-253.
[11]
Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, et al. Impact of Diet composition on blood glucose regulation[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016, 56(4): 541-590.
[12]
Dong Q, Wang L, Hu H, et al. Greaterprotection of lower dietary Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio (CFR) against poor blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: A cross-sectional study[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(21): 4443.
[13]
Liu ZM, Fang TY. Association between dietary carbohydrate to fiber ratio and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in adults: evidence from the NHANES 2017-2020[J]. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 2024, 43(1): 43.
[14]
Hashimoto Y, Tanaka MH, Miki A, et al. Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio is a useful marker for metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018, 72(4): 329-335.
[15]
Zhang LS, Zhao LBI, Xiao XY, et al. Association of dietary carbohydrate and fiber ratio with postmenopausal bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study[J]. PLOS One, 2024, 19(2): e0297332.
[16]
党少农，戴江红，张毓洪，等．西北区域自然人群队列建设与实践[J].中华流行病学杂志，2023, 44(1):14-20．
Dang SN, Dai JH, Zhang YH, et al. Design and practice of China Northwest General Population Cohort[J]. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 44(1): 14-20. (In Chinese)
[17]
Alessa HB, Ley SH, Rosner B, et al. High fiber and low starch intakes are associated with circulating intermediate biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among women[J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2016, 146(2): 306-317.
[18]
Cui Z, Wu M, Liu K, et al. Associations between Conventional and Emerging Indicators of Dietary Carbohydrate Quality and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults[J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15(3).
[19]
Qi QB, Li J, Yu B, et al. Host andgut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies[J]. Gut, 2022, 71(6): 1095-1105.
[20]
Zhao LP, Zhang F, Ding XY, et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6380): 1151-1156.
[21]
Weickert MO, Mohlig M, Koebnick C, et al. Impact of cereal fibre on glucose-regulating factors[J]. Diabetologia, 2005, 48(11): 2343-2353.
[22]
Qi L, Rimm E, Liu S, et al. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, cereal fiber, and plasma adiponectin concentration in diabetic men[J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1022-1028.
[23]
Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Thomas MC, et al. Associations between dietary fiber and inflammation, hepatic function, and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men: potential mechanisms for the benefits of fiber on diabetes risk[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(10): 1823-1825.
[24]
Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Khalili Moghadam S, et al. Aprospective study of different types of dietary fiber and risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study[J]. Nutrients, 2016, 8(11): 686.
[25]
Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng SS, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort studyand meta-analysis[J]. The Lancet. Public Health, 2018, 3(9): e419-e428.
[26]
陈晓铭，梁茂珊，赖天文，等．短期低碳水化合物饮食干预对超重肥胖患者体质量和糖脂代谢指标的影响[J].中国预防医学杂志，2024, 25(4):446-451．
Chen XM, Liang MS, Lai TW, et al. Effects of a short-term low-carbohydrate diet intervention on bodycomposition and glycolipid metabolism indicators in overweight and obese individuals[J]. China Preventive Medicine, 2024, 25(4): 446-451. (In Chinese)
[27]
Li SX, Wang Y, Ying YY, et al. Independent and joint associations of BMI and waist circumference with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: prospective data linkage study[J]. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2023, 9: e39459.
[28]
Tramunt B, Smati S, Grandgeorge N, et al. Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility[J]. Diabetologia, 2020, 63(3): 453-461.
[29]
Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications[J]. Physical Therapy, 2008, 88(11): 1254-1264.
2025年第52卷第4期
PDF下载
43
19
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015
  • 接收时间：2024-10-05
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-10-05
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区项目科技创新团队(天山创新团队)项目(2022TSYCTD0013)
国家自然科学基金项目(82360662; 82160640)
作者信息
    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，新疆维吾尔族自治区 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室

通讯作者:

戴江红，E-mail：
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410015
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持