Article(id=1241023938030007009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812763936, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812763936, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812763936, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812763936, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023927812682133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812761500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812858867, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=398, endPage=405, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023939674174199, articleId=1241023938030007009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction of a prognostic model for non-small cell lung cancer based on mitochondrial genes and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a mitochondrial-related risk assessment model to explore the impact of mitochondria on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predict immune status, and evaluate its potential value.

Methods

Mitochondrial and NSCLC-related data were downloaded from the MitoCarta3.0 database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. Differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes were screened, and a risk scoring model was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Based on the median risk score, NSCLC patients in the TCGA database were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The validity of the prognostic model was verified using Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, clinical case feature analysis, and immune status assessment.

Results

A total of 320 mitochondrial-related genes were obtained from NSCLC samples. Four key model genes (TIMM10, CYP24A1, BCL2L10, ACSM5) were selected through COX analysis, leading to the construction of a nomogram prediction model for NSCLC. Immune cell infiltration assessment revealed a negative correlation between risk scores and the enrichment of T cells, B cells, and macrophages; conversely, the enrichment of resting mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid progenitor cells was positively correlated with risk scores. Patients in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival and exhibited higher levels of immune suppressive cell infiltration. Validation of the IMvigor210 immunotherapy model showed significant differences in survival probabilities between high-risk and low-risk groups in bladder cancer.

Conclusion

This study established a mitochondrial gene risk scoring model for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. TIMM10,CYP24A1, BCL2L10, and ACSM5 are promising potential targets for further research on NSCLC.

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目的

本研究旨在构建线粒体相关风险评估模型,探讨线粒体对非小细胞肺癌生存期的影响,预测免疫状态,并评估其潜在价值。

方法

分别从MitoCarta3.0数据库和癌症基因组图谱(cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库下载了线粒体和非小细胞肺癌相关数据,筛选出具有差异表达的线粒体相关基因,通过Cox回归分析构建风险评分模型,并根据风险评分的中位值将TCGA数据库中的非小细胞肺癌患者分为高风险组和低风险组。采用Kaplan-Meier分析、受试者工作特征曲线、临床病例特征分析及免疫状态评估来验证预后模型的有效性。

结果

在非小细胞肺癌样本中共获得320个线粒体相关基因,通过COX分析筛选出的4个关键模型基因(TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5),并构建非小细胞肺癌的列线图预测模型。免疫细胞浸润评估发现风险评分与T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞富集呈负相关;相反,而静息肥大细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞及髓系祖细胞富集与风险评分正相关。高风险组患者的总生存期较短,并伴有更高水平的免疫抑制细胞浸润。IMvigor210免疫疗法模型验证发现在膀胱癌中高低风险组生存概率存在显著差异。

结论

本研究构建了一种线粒体基因风险评分模型,用于预测非小细胞肺癌的预后。TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5有望作为非小细胞肺癌后续研究的潜在靶点。

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李智,E-mail:
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李智(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合临床

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Mitochondria dysfunction in airway epithelial cells is associated with type 2-low asthma[J].Frontiers in Genetics, 2023, 14: 1186317., articleTitle=Mitochondria dysfunction in airway epithelial cells is associated with type 2-low asthma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023950172516869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Yazdani B, Jazini M, Jabbari N, journalName=Gene Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yazdani B, Jazini M, Jabbari N, et al. Altered expression level of ACSM5 in breast cancer: An integrative analysis of tissue biomarkers with diagnostic potential[J]. Gene Reports, 2021, 22: 100992., articleTitle=Altered expression level of ACSM5 in breast cancer: An integrative analysis of tissue biomarkers with diagnostic potential, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023947546882383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, awardId=814032228, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(814032228), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241023947643351382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, awardId=81874398, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81874398), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023942299808719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023942308197329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, companyId=1241023942299808719, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023942316585939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, companyId=1241023942299808719, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.天津中医药大学研究生院,天津 300100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241023942396277727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023942404666336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, companyId=1241023942396277727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.天津中医药大学第二附属医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023945860772047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=A: The Venn diagram of mitochondrial-related genes in NSCLC; B: The protein interaction network of the 320 intersectional genes; C-E: The GO analysis of the 320 intersectional genes; F: The KEGG analysis of the 320 intersectional genes, figureFileSmall=6LLBjb3/bHUbU9cCfTOYqA==, figureFileBig=lI4BALPjpOBZZS2VaCLgGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945994989786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图1, caption=NSCLC与与线粒体相关基因韦恩图与320个交集基因蛋白互作网络及富集分析图

注:图A为NSCLC与线粒体相关基因的韦恩图;图B为320个交集基因的蛋白互作网络;图C、D、E为320个交集基因的GO分析;图F为320个交集基因的KEGG分析。

, figureFileSmall=6LLBjb3/bHUbU9cCfTOYqA==, figureFileBig=lI4BALPjpOBZZS2VaCLgGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946431197425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Univariate (A) and multivariate (B) Cox analyses of intersectional genes; C: The risk triplot of model genes, risk scores, survival time, and survival status; D: The survival curve of risk scores; E: The ROC curves of risk scores at 1, 3, and 5 years, figureFileSmall=nKnhXqKzZ6uym1d44iytQw==, figureFileBig=6oshE6BdJkY9LjbGAVO9pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946544443641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图2, caption=预后模型构建与评估图

图A、B为对交集基因单因素和多因素Cox分析;图C为模型基因、风险评分与生存时间、生存状态的风险三联图;图D为风险评分的生存曲线;图E为风险评分1、3、5年的ROC曲线。

, figureFileSmall=nKnhXqKzZ6uym1d44iytQw==, figureFileBig=6oshE6BdJkY9LjbGAVO9pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946657689862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=A-B:Principal component analysis plots of high and low risk groups 2D (A), 3D (B); C-D:Univariate (C) and multivariate (D) Cox analyses combining clinical information and risk scores; E:Column line plot model for predicting NSCLC patients based on clinical information and risk scores, figureFileSmall=bxHOIJrZPkE6Qa4n3+xVJQ==, figureFileBig=OKZQyzjhDGVkVVQIuzRsSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946770936076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图3, caption=临床信息分析及列线图

注:图A、B为高低风险组主成分分析2D及3D图;图C、D为结合临床信息和风险评分的单因素和多因素Cox分析;图E为基于临床信息和风险评分预测NSCLC患者的列线图模型。

, figureFileSmall=bxHOIJrZPkE6Qa4n3+xVJQ==, figureFileBig=OKZQyzjhDGVkVVQIuzRsSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946875793681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Heatmap of correlation between model genes, risk scores and immunization scores, figureFileSmall=Txao1oRAsglkjVCk81szhw==, figureFileBig=hsJHVE2lanj8ZIF/ueed+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946993234200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型基因、风险评分与免疫评分的相关性热图, figureFileSmall=Txao1oRAsglkjVCk81szhw==, figureFileBig=hsJHVE2lanj8ZIF/ueed+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023947127451940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=A: Box line plot of immune checkpoint gene expression in high and low risk groups (red: high risk scoring group, blue: low risk scoring group); B: Survival curves of risk scores for high and low risk groups in the IMvigor210 model; C: Box line plot of responses to different drugs of immunotherapy; D: Survival curves of expression levels of immune checkpoint gene NRP1 in combination with risk scores, figureFileSmall=CFa4SuAHPyC3QRURbDQ71g==, figureFileBig=4ECAFBcN+4+dQS8Lhd3ilw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023947223920941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基因表达、药物反应箱线图及生存曲线

注:图A为高低风险组免疫检查点基因表达箱线图(红:高风险评分组,蓝:低风险评分组);图B为在IMvigor210模型中,高低风险组风险评分的生存曲线;图C为对免疫治疗不同药物的反应箱线图;图D为免疫检查点基因NRP1表达水平与风险评分结合的生存曲线。

, figureFileSmall=CFa4SuAHPyC3QRURbDQ71g==, figureFileBig=4ECAFBcN+4+dQS8Lhd3ilw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023947299418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=A-D: Survival curves of ACSM5, BCL2L10, CYP24A1, TIMM10; E-H: HPA analysis of ACSM5, BCL2L10, CYP24A1, TIMM10 expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma (left) and lung adenocarcinoma (right), figureFileSmall=YGbUSpHYoVtEufhH7US8kQ==, figureFileBig=uOVBNByLn1gp8PqvbqfGKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023947383304512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023938030007009, language=CN, label=图6, caption=NSC1C中模型基因的表达

注:图A~D为ACSM5、BCL2L10、CYP24A1、TIMM10的生存曲线;图E~H为HPA分析ACSM5、BCL2L10、CYP24A1、TIMM10在肺鳞状细胞癌(左)和肺腺癌(右)中的表达。

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基于线粒体基因构建非小细胞肺癌预后模型及肿瘤免疫微环境分析
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李智 1 , 刀承欢 1 , 郭思佳 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(3): 398-405
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(3): 398-405
基于线粒体基因构建非小细胞肺癌预后模型及肿瘤免疫微环境分析
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李智1 , 刀承欢1, 郭思佳2
作者信息
  • 1.天津中医药大学研究生院,天津 300100
  • 2.天津中医药大学第二附属医院
  • 李智(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合临床

通讯作者:

李智,E-mail:
Construction of a prognostic model for non-small cell lung cancer based on mitochondrial genes and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment
Zhi LI1 , Cheng-huan DAO1, Si-jia GUO2
Affiliations
  • Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300100, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410233
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目的

本研究旨在构建线粒体相关风险评估模型,探讨线粒体对非小细胞肺癌生存期的影响,预测免疫状态,并评估其潜在价值。

方法

分别从MitoCarta3.0数据库和癌症基因组图谱(cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库下载了线粒体和非小细胞肺癌相关数据,筛选出具有差异表达的线粒体相关基因,通过Cox回归分析构建风险评分模型,并根据风险评分的中位值将TCGA数据库中的非小细胞肺癌患者分为高风险组和低风险组。采用Kaplan-Meier分析、受试者工作特征曲线、临床病例特征分析及免疫状态评估来验证预后模型的有效性。

结果

在非小细胞肺癌样本中共获得320个线粒体相关基因,通过COX分析筛选出的4个关键模型基因(TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5),并构建非小细胞肺癌的列线图预测模型。免疫细胞浸润评估发现风险评分与T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞富集呈负相关;相反,而静息肥大细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞及髓系祖细胞富集与风险评分正相关。高风险组患者的总生存期较短,并伴有更高水平的免疫抑制细胞浸润。IMvigor210免疫疗法模型验证发现在膀胱癌中高低风险组生存概率存在显著差异。

结论

本研究构建了一种线粒体基因风险评分模型,用于预测非小细胞肺癌的预后。TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5有望作为非小细胞肺癌后续研究的潜在靶点。

非小细胞肺癌  /  线粒体  /  Cox模型  /  免疫微环境
Objective

To construct a mitochondrial-related risk assessment model to explore the impact of mitochondria on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predict immune status, and evaluate its potential value.

Methods

Mitochondrial and NSCLC-related data were downloaded from the MitoCarta3.0 database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. Differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes were screened, and a risk scoring model was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Based on the median risk score, NSCLC patients in the TCGA database were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The validity of the prognostic model was verified using Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, clinical case feature analysis, and immune status assessment.

Results

A total of 320 mitochondrial-related genes were obtained from NSCLC samples. Four key model genes (TIMM10, CYP24A1, BCL2L10, ACSM5) were selected through COX analysis, leading to the construction of a nomogram prediction model for NSCLC. Immune cell infiltration assessment revealed a negative correlation between risk scores and the enrichment of T cells, B cells, and macrophages; conversely, the enrichment of resting mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid progenitor cells was positively correlated with risk scores. Patients in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival and exhibited higher levels of immune suppressive cell infiltration. Validation of the IMvigor210 immunotherapy model showed significant differences in survival probabilities between high-risk and low-risk groups in bladder cancer.

Conclusion

This study established a mitochondrial gene risk scoring model for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. TIMM10,CYP24A1, BCL2L10, and ACSM5 are promising potential targets for further research on NSCLC.

Non-small cell lung cancer  /  Mitochondria  /  Cox model  /  Immune microenvironment
李智, 刀承欢, 郭思佳. 基于线粒体基因构建非小细胞肺癌预后模型及肿瘤免疫微环境分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (3) : 398 -405 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410233
Zhi LI, Cheng-huan DAO, Si-jia GUO. Construction of a prognostic model for non-small cell lung cancer based on mitochondrial genes and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (3) : 398 -405 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410233
据国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)所述,肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因,对人类健康构成了极其严重的威胁[1]。肺癌主要分为小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)和非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)两大病理类型,其中,NSCLC为最为棘手的恶性肿瘤之一,常见的包括肺鳞状细胞癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)和肺腺癌(lung adenocarcinoma,LUAD)[1-3]。NSCLC的发病过程往往隐匿,预后最差,在当前的医疗领域中,手术切除等治疗的效果往往并不理想,且存在不同程度的副作用和耐药性问题[4]
现已有研究表明基于线粒体构建的预后模型对预测LUAD患者的预后评估具有较好的准确性和稳定性[5]。线粒体不仅是细胞能量代谢的核心,还是有氧呼吸的关键场所,它参与了癌症生物学的各个方面,肿瘤的发生过程如ATP产生、活性氧(ROS)产生等均受线粒体调控[6-7]。在NSCLC中,血红素合成和摄取增加通过线粒体呼吸产生强烈的ATP,从而促进致瘤功能[8]。此外,线粒体裂变和融合在肿瘤发生中起关键作用,使线粒体成为癌症能量重编程方法的前景[9]
因此,考虑到线粒体功能障碍是NSCLC发生的危险因素,确定与NSCLC患者预后相关的有效线粒体相关生物标志物则应是值得重点研究的方向。
通过访问TCGA数据库(https://gdc.cancer.gov/),获取了一批高质量的数据集,涵盖了1 017例NSCLC患者和108例正常对照患者的生物信息学数据,运用R软件的“limma”包来执行差异表达分析。此次分析设定了两个关键的阈值[10]P<0.05表示基因表达变化的统计学显著性;|log2(fold change)|>1则意味着表达水平的增加大于其预期倍数,这两个标准被用来鉴定出差异表达基因(differential expressed genes, DEGs),在MitoCarta3.0数据库(MitoCarta3.0: An Inventory of Mammalian Mitochondrial Proteins and Pathways | Broad Institute)收集整理出1 136个线粒体相关基因[11]。从TIMER2.0数据库资源中获取了22个浸润免疫细胞的绝对分数数据(http://timer.cistrome.org/infiltrationestimatefortcga.csv.gz[12]。从欧洲基因组-表型组档案馆下载IMVigor210临床试验的患者数据。随后,采用R软件中的“ClusterProfiler”包对所收集的交集基因进行了GO功能分析;运用京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析揭示mRNA如何影响致癌进程[13]
运用单因素Cox回归分析来识别出影响生存率的潜在因素,随后多因素Cox回归分析进一步缩小候选基因的范围。通过以下公式计算每位患者的风险评分:风险评分,βi表示风险系数,Ei为各基因的表达水平。根据风险评分的中位数,将NSCLC患者分为高、低风险组;使用“survival”和“survminer”包进行Kaplan-Meier分析。
使用“ggplot2”软件包进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),以可视化不同风险状态下的NSCLC患者分离模式[14]。研究采用了单因素和多因素Cox回归分析方法,获取信息预测患者的预后状况,并绘制相应的生存曲线。使用“timeROC”R包绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating ccharacteristic,ROC)曲线以评估模型的灵敏度与特异性[15]
运用“immunedeconv”包,计算NSCLC患者的免疫相关细胞富集分数,该工具集成了六种最新的免疫细胞浸润评估算法,包括TIMER、xCell、MCP-counter、CIBERSORT、EPIC和quanTIseq。通过文献检索的方式,筛选并纳入47个与免疫检查点相关的转录本,并利用“ggplot2”包提取分析这些基因的表达值[16]。通过HPA(https://www.proteinatlas.org/)分析TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5在LUAD及LUSC组织中的表达。
为了验证模型的预后价值,使用了IMvigor210模型进行评估。使用IMvigor210“CoreBiologies”软件包下载数据,通过上述风险评分公式计算出IMvigor210队列中每位患者的相应风险评分,并将患者分为高、低风险两组。所有统计分析和图表均在R语言4.3.2版本中进行,检验水准α=0.05。
对数据集预处理后,比较NSCLC与对照组,鉴定出4 664个DEGs。其中,有1 747个基因表达水平上调,2 917个基因表达水平下调。通过Venn图识别出DEGs与线粒体相关基因之间存在320个交集基因,见图1A。通过访问STRING数据库(STRING: functional protein association networks (string-db.org),获得了320个交集基因的蛋白质互作网络(protein-protein interaction networks,PPI),见图1B。GO富集分析显示,这些交集基因参与了线粒体的基本翻译过程、线粒体基质的构建以及RNA的结合机制等关键生物学行为,见图1C~E。KEGG富集分析发现交集基因还参与氧化磷酸化、代谢途径、脂肪酸降解和TCA循环等复杂的生物过程,见图1F
采用单因素Cox回归分析对交集基因进行筛选,显示共有11个基因的P值低于0.05,见图2A;多因素Cox回归分析发现4个模型基因(TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5)的P值低于0.05,基于四个基因构建了风险评分模型,见图2B。该模型能够为每位患者计算风险评分,计算公式为:风险评分=(-0.067 4)*TIMM10+(0.040 6)*CYP24A1+(0.067 2)*BCL2L10+(-0.240 6)*ACSM5。基于中位风险评分的结果,将NSCLC患者分为高、低风险组,风险三联图2C清晰显示,随着风险评分的降低,NSCLC患者的死亡率也呈现下降的趋势。对比不同风险评分的NSCLC患者总生存率的结果,表明了高风险患者的生存率低于低风险患者,见图2D。这一结果进一步验证了该模型在临床实践中的重要价值,作为一种量化工具(5年时AUC=0.591)帮助医生快速准确地评估患者群体的风险等级,见图2E。最后,采用了主成分分析法(PCA)对不同风险评分值的数据进行了可视化分析,结果见图3A、B
临床数据信息的单因素Cox回归结果显示,风险评分相较于其他特征被识别为显著的危险因素(HR=2.812, 95%CI:1.649~4.794,P<0.001),见图3C。多因素Cox回归分析进一步确认了风险评分依然是LUSC患者的独立预后因素(HR=1.986, 95%CI:1.152~3.424,P=0.014),见图3D。基于上述Cox回归分析中筛选出的四个模型基因,构建了NSCLC的列线图预测模型,见图3E
使用了“immunedeconv”包进行可靠的免疫评分评估,发现风险评分与T细胞、B细胞以及巨噬细胞富集呈负相关;相反,静息肥大细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞、髓系祖细胞富集与风险评分正相关。对模型基因而言CYP24A1与中性粒细胞,ACSM5与M2型巨噬细胞显著正相关,TIMM10与B细胞显著相关,BCL2L10与T细胞显著相关,见图4。为了深入理解免疫检查点的功能状态,我们筛选出47个与免疫调节相关的关键基因,除了LGALS9和TNFRSF14外,高风险组免疫检查点基因的表达均高于低风险组,见图5A
为了验证模型基因的预后价值,通过公式计算了IMvigor210队列中每位患者的相应风险评分,IMvigor210膀胱癌中靶基因表达的高低风险组生存概率存在显著差异,风险评分也可以用作IMvigor210数据集内预后评估的预后指标(P=0.003),见图5B。对于IMvigor210膀胱癌,不同药物对免疫治疗的反应之间靶基因的风险评分不显著(P=0.079),见图5C。在膀胱癌中免疫检查点基因NRP1的低表达与较低的风险评分更能获得更好的生存率,见图5D
通过TCGA分析发现,在肿瘤样本中,CYP24A1对OS时间具有显著影响(P=0.02),见图6A~D。HPA分析结果表明,ACSM5和TIMM10在肺腺癌和肺鳞状细胞癌中的表达水平较高,见图6E、6H;相比之下,BCL2L10在肺腺癌和肺鳞状细胞癌中的表达则较弱,见图6F;CYP24A1在肺鳞状细胞癌中的表达较弱,而在肺腺癌中未检测到其表达,见图6G
线粒体结构和功能的改变在各种疾病发生发展过程中起关键作用[17]。已有研究发现基于线粒体基因集构建的模型基因预后模型与患者的恶性表型、驱动基因突变和免疫浸润密切相关,可为LUAD的治疗及预后评估提供潜在依据[5]
我们创建了一个包含4个线粒体相关基因(TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5)的风险预后模型,且计算风险评分后发现高风险患者的生存率显著低于低风险患者。主成分分析结果显示高低风险组样本对应的散点在组内呈现相互聚集的情况,说明组内的重复性比较好,样本数据非常相似,而组间则有较好的区分度。TIMM10、CYP24A1、BCL2L10、ACSM5在IMvigor210膀胱癌中表达,其中高风险评分获得更高的生存率。CYP24A1定位于线粒体内膜和细胞核中[18],与周围正常组织相比,它在诸多癌症中均有高表达[19]。BCL2L10作为Bcl2蛋白家族的一员,参与调控细胞凋亡与自噬的信号通路[20],非小细胞肺癌、胃癌等癌症中发现BCL2L10存在肿瘤特异性上调[21]。TIMM10由该基因编码的线粒体蛋白属于一个进化上高度保守的蛋白家族,这些蛋白质介导疏水性膜蛋白导入和插入线粒体内膜,充当高度不溶性载体蛋白的膜间空间伴侣[22]。目前,关于ACSM5在恶性肿瘤中的表达研究尚处于早期阶段,该基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平显著低于癌旁正常乳腺组织,且表达水平的降低与生存率下降相关[23]
本研究成功构建了一个基于线粒体相关的风险评分模型,提供了4个与NSCLC预后密切相关的基因,风险评分模型可以有效预测NSCLC患者的总体生存期,也可以有效预测患者的免疫状态,为NSCLC的分子靶向治疗提供了新的潜在靶点。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(814032228)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81874398)
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2025年第52卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410233
  • 接收时间:2024-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12
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国家自然科学基金项目(814032228)
国家自然科学基金项目(81874398)
作者信息
    1.天津中医药大学研究生院,天津 300100
    2.天津中医药大学第二附属医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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