Article(id=1241023936335499948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409129, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812763532, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812763532, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812763532, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812763532, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023927812682133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812761500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812858867, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=460, endPage=464, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023936725570250, articleId=1241023936335499948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the mediating effect of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to provide a reference for clinical interventions.

Methods

A total of 128 female SUI patients admitted to the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected. General information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) was used to assess social support, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to evaluate self-efficacy, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) to measure coping styles. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy.

Results

Patients aged ≤60 years had higher GSES scores, positive SCSQ scores, total PSSS scores, and scores on its three subscales compared to those aged >60 years, while their negative SCSQ scores were lower (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that GSES scores were positively correlated with PSSS scores and positive SCSQ scores but negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups (r=-0.601, P < 0.05). PSSS scores were positively correlated with positive SCSQ scores (r=0.650, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups. The Amos 24.0 maximum likelihood estimation method was used to construct a mediation model, showing that self-efficacy had a positive effect on positive coping styles (effect values: 0.62 and 0.56 for ≤60 and >60 years, respectively) and a negative effect on negative coping styles (effect values: -0.50 and -0.45, respectively). Social support positively influenced self-efficacy (effect values: 0.59 and 0.65, respectively), while positive coping styles positively influenced social support (effect values: 0.57 and 0.60, respectively), and negative coping styles negatively influenced social support (effect values: -0.40 and-0.51, respectively).

Conclusion

Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between social support and coping styles in female SUI patients, and age significantly affects self-efficacy and coping styles. Enhancing patients’ social support and self-efficacy can promote the adoption of positive coping styles, thereby improving clinical outcomes.

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目的

探讨自我效能感在女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者中社会支持与应对方式之间的中介作用,为临床干预提供参考依据。

方法

选取2022年1月—2024年1月期间新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的128例女性SUI患者。通过自行设计的问卷调查收集一般资料;采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)评估患者社会支持度,使用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评定患者自我效能感,采用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评估患者应对方式,使用相关性分析和结构方程模型分析自我效能感的中介效应。

结果

年龄≤60岁患者的GSES评分、积极SCSQ评分、PSSS评分总分及三个分量表评分均高于年龄>60岁患者,消极SCSQ评分低于年龄>60岁患者(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,年龄≤60岁患者GSES评分与PSSS评分、积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分则均呈负相关;年龄>60岁患者GSES评分与PSSS评分、积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分则均呈负相关(r=-0.601,P<0.05);年龄≤60岁患者PSSS评分与积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关(r=0.650,P<0.05),与消极SCSQ评分均呈负相关;年龄>60岁患者PSSS评分与积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分均呈负相关。通过Amos 24.0最大似然估计法构建中介模型显示,年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者的自我效能感对积极应对方式均有正向作用,效应值分别为0.62和0.56,对消极应对方式均有负向作用,效应值分别为-0.50和-0.45;年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者社会支持对自我效能感均有正相作用,效应值分别为0.59和0.65;年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者积极应对方式对社会支持均有正向作用,效应值分别为0.57和0.60,消极应对方式对社会支持均有负向作用,效应值分别为-0.40和-0.51。

结论

自我效能感在女性SUI患者的社会支持与应对方式之间发挥中介作用,且年龄对患者的自我效能感及应对方式有显著影响。提高患者的社会支持和自我效能感可促进其采用积极的应对方式,从而改善临床治疗效果。

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周萍,E-mail:
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周萍(1971—),女,本科,副高,研究方向: 泌尿外科护理,尿路造口护理

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Military Nursing, 2023, 40(3): 59-62.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Mediating effect of positive coping style between Self-Efficacy and kinesophobia among postop-erative breast cancer patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023945567162643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, awardId=2023D01C82, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2023D01C82), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023940366226349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023940387197871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, companyId=1241023940366226349, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Urology Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023940437529527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, companyId=1241023940366226349, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023944015270058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mediating effects of self-efficacy on social support and coping styles: a standardized path map, figureFileSmall=8K25GmSQ6/Hl7wLYpwsN6A==, figureFileBig=yFoMdjrSvSxzAOY+iCeGVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023944124321973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自我效能感在社会支持、应对方式中的中介效应标准化路径图

注:A为≤60岁患者中介效应标准化路径图;B为>60岁患者中介效应标准化路径图(*代表有统计学意义)。

, figureFileSmall=8K25GmSQ6/Hl7wLYpwsN6A==, figureFileBig=yFoMdjrSvSxzAOY+iCeGVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023944422117577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of female SUI patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类例数(%)
年龄(岁)18~6085(70.83)
≥6135(29.17)
病程(年)>526(21.67)
≤594(78.33)
BMI(kg/m2<18.520(16.67)
18.5~24.028(23.33)
24.0~28.057(47.50)
≥28.015(12.50)
文化程度初中及以下36(30.00)
中专或高中54(45.00)
大专及以上30(25.00)
婚姻状况未婚14(11.67)
已婚77(64.17)
离异或丧偶29(24.17)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023944636027091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

女性SUI患者一般资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类例数(%)
年龄(岁)18~6085(70.83)
≥6135(29.17)
病程(年)>526(21.67)
≤594(78.33)
BMI(kg/m2<18.520(16.67)
18.5~24.028(23.33)
24.0~28.057(47.50)
≥28.015(12.50)
文化程度初中及以下36(30.00)
中专或高中54(45.00)
大专及以上30(25.00)
婚姻状况未婚14(11.67)
已婚77(64.17)
离异或丧偶29(24.17)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023944736690395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Self-efficacy, social support and coping style scores of female SUI patients (points,)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目≤60岁>60岁tP
GSES评分27.33±5.2024.42±4.352.9150.004
PSSS评分54.27±5.6748.16±5.325.460<0.001
朋友支持13.50±4.1512.01±3.032.1880.031
家人支持23.85±6.1921.07±6.522.1540.033
其他支持16.92±4.6115.08±4.032.1790.031
积极SCSQ评分26.01±4.0123.75±4.202.7680.007
消极SCSQ评分16.80±3.0118.99±2.803.695<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023944900268260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

女性SUI患者的自我效能感、社会支持与应对方式评分(分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目≤60岁>60岁tP
GSES评分27.33±5.2024.42±4.352.9150.004
PSSS评分54.27±5.6748.16±5.325.460<0.001
朋友支持13.50±4.1512.01±3.032.1880.031
家人支持23.85±6.1921.07±6.522.1540.033
其他支持16.92±4.6115.08±4.032.1790.031
积极SCSQ评分26.01±4.0123.75±4.202.7680.007
消极SCSQ评分16.80±3.0118.99±2.803.695<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023945021903085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of self-efficacy, social support and coping style in female SUI patients

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量表评分GSES评分PSSS评分
≤60岁>60岁≤60岁>60岁
rPrPrPrP
GSES评分0.715<0.0010.622<0.001
PSSS评分0.715<0.0010.622<0.001
积极SCSQ评分0.586<0.0010.532<0.0010.650<0.0010.501<0.001
消极SCSQ评分-0.585<0.001-0.601<0.0010.589<0.0010.610<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023945130954995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

女性SUI患者的自我效能感、社会支持与应对方式的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量表评分GSES评分PSSS评分
≤60岁>60岁≤60岁>60岁
rPrPrPrP
GSES评分0.715<0.0010.622<0.001
PSSS评分0.715<0.0010.622<0.001
积极SCSQ评分0.586<0.0010.532<0.0010.650<0.0010.501<0.001
消极SCSQ评分-0.585<0.001-0.601<0.0010.589<0.0010.610<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023945248395515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023936335499948, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Structural equation fitting index

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年龄组(岁)χ2/vRFINFITLICFISRMR
≤603.8320.9400.9390.9330.9660.011
>603.6950.9070.9240.9150.9710.013
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结构方程拟合指数

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年龄组(岁)χ2/vRFINFITLICFISRMR
≤603.8320.9400.9390.9330.9660.011
>603.6950.9070.9240.9150.9710.013
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自我效能感在女性压力性尿失禁患者中社会支持与应对方式之间的中介效应分析
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周萍 , 蒋清群 , 胡志谦
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(3): 460-464
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(3): 460-464
自我效能感在女性压力性尿失禁患者中社会支持与应对方式之间的中介效应分析
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周萍 , 蒋清群, 胡志谦
作者信息
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 周萍(1971—),女,本科,副高,研究方向: 泌尿外科护理,尿路造口护理

通讯作者:

周萍,E-mail:
Analysis of the mediating effect of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence
Ping ZHOU , Qing-qun JIANG, Zhi-qian HU
Affiliations
  • Urology Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409129
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目的

探讨自我效能感在女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者中社会支持与应对方式之间的中介作用,为临床干预提供参考依据。

方法

选取2022年1月—2024年1月期间新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的128例女性SUI患者。通过自行设计的问卷调查收集一般资料;采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)评估患者社会支持度,使用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评定患者自我效能感,采用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评估患者应对方式,使用相关性分析和结构方程模型分析自我效能感的中介效应。

结果

年龄≤60岁患者的GSES评分、积极SCSQ评分、PSSS评分总分及三个分量表评分均高于年龄>60岁患者,消极SCSQ评分低于年龄>60岁患者(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,年龄≤60岁患者GSES评分与PSSS评分、积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分则均呈负相关;年龄>60岁患者GSES评分与PSSS评分、积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分则均呈负相关(r=-0.601,P<0.05);年龄≤60岁患者PSSS评分与积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关(r=0.650,P<0.05),与消极SCSQ评分均呈负相关;年龄>60岁患者PSSS评分与积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分均呈负相关。通过Amos 24.0最大似然估计法构建中介模型显示,年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者的自我效能感对积极应对方式均有正向作用,效应值分别为0.62和0.56,对消极应对方式均有负向作用,效应值分别为-0.50和-0.45;年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者社会支持对自我效能感均有正相作用,效应值分别为0.59和0.65;年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者积极应对方式对社会支持均有正向作用,效应值分别为0.57和0.60,消极应对方式对社会支持均有负向作用,效应值分别为-0.40和-0.51。

结论

自我效能感在女性SUI患者的社会支持与应对方式之间发挥中介作用,且年龄对患者的自我效能感及应对方式有显著影响。提高患者的社会支持和自我效能感可促进其采用积极的应对方式,从而改善临床治疗效果。

压力性尿失禁  /  自我效能感  /  社会支持  /  应对方式  /  中介效应
Objective

To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to provide a reference for clinical interventions.

Methods

A total of 128 female SUI patients admitted to the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected. General information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) was used to assess social support, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to evaluate self-efficacy, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) to measure coping styles. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy.

Results

Patients aged ≤60 years had higher GSES scores, positive SCSQ scores, total PSSS scores, and scores on its three subscales compared to those aged >60 years, while their negative SCSQ scores were lower (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that GSES scores were positively correlated with PSSS scores and positive SCSQ scores but negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups (r=-0.601, P < 0.05). PSSS scores were positively correlated with positive SCSQ scores (r=0.650, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups. The Amos 24.0 maximum likelihood estimation method was used to construct a mediation model, showing that self-efficacy had a positive effect on positive coping styles (effect values: 0.62 and 0.56 for ≤60 and >60 years, respectively) and a negative effect on negative coping styles (effect values: -0.50 and -0.45, respectively). Social support positively influenced self-efficacy (effect values: 0.59 and 0.65, respectively), while positive coping styles positively influenced social support (effect values: 0.57 and 0.60, respectively), and negative coping styles negatively influenced social support (effect values: -0.40 and-0.51, respectively).

Conclusion

Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between social support and coping styles in female SUI patients, and age significantly affects self-efficacy and coping styles. Enhancing patients’ social support and self-efficacy can promote the adoption of positive coping styles, thereby improving clinical outcomes.

Stress urinary incontinence  /  Self-efficacy  /  Social support  /  Coping styles  /  Mediating effect
周萍, 蒋清群, 胡志谦. 自我效能感在女性压力性尿失禁患者中社会支持与应对方式之间的中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (3) : 460 -464 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409129
Ping ZHOU, Qing-qun JIANG, Zhi-qian HU. Analysis of the mediating effect of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (3) : 460 -464 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409129
流行病学调查显示,我国成年女性的压力性尿失禁(SUI)患病率高达18.9%,随着年龄增加而增加,在50~59岁达到高峰(28.2%),对患者的身心状态及生活质量均有严重影响[1]。由于健康知识的缺乏、社会经济条件有限等问题,患者对疾病重视不够,加之临床症状难以启齿,导致部分患者的求医态度、应对方式较为消极,进而造成疾病无法转归[2]。因此,改变患者对疾病的消极应对方式对于疾病的管理和转归具有重要意义。自我效能感是一个心理学概念,指个体在特定领域或任务重完成目标的信念和能力[3]。社会支持度是个人感受到亲朋好友及医护人员给与的情感或实际物质支持[4]。应对方式是心理学概念,指个体在压力或挫折情境中,为减轻压力而采取的认知、方法和策略[5]。崔慧等[6]研究发现,自我效能感可直接影响患者的自我护理行为,也可通过应对方式的中介作用间接影响自我护理。同样,徐新晴等[7]研究表明,社会支持、自我效能感和应对方式均是影响电信员工工作倦怠的重要因素,自我效能感和应对方式在社会支持对电信员工工作倦怠的作用中的链式中介作用显著。基于上述研究背景,本研究提出假设:患者对疾病的消极应对方式与自我效能感、社会支持有联系。因此,本研究通过分析自我效能感、社会支持度对女性SUI患者应对方式的影响,探究自我效能的中介效应,以期为此类疾病的干预提供参考依据。
筛选2022年1月—2024年1月期间新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的女性SUI患者,根据样本量估算公式,其中α=0.05,β=0.10,uα=1.96,δ=0.50,样本量n≈96,考虑到10%左右的脱落,则至少选择106例样本量,结合纳入排除标准及本院实际收治病例数,选择128例女性SUI患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合SUI诊断标准[8];(2)年龄≥18岁;(3)认知正常、意识清晰,言语沟通能力良好,能配合完成量表填写;(4)对本研究知情且自愿参加。排除标准:(1)有精神类疾病史;(2)其他类型尿失禁。本研究通过新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院伦理委员会审核批准(伦理批件号为KY20240353)。
(1)一般资料 一般人口学特征以问卷调查形式完成,问卷由本院自行设计,设计时查阅大量相关资料,参考相关调研问卷,并请两位专家进行问卷审核。问卷Cronbach α系数为0.887。本次研究共发放问卷128份,最终有效问卷120份,有效回收率为93.75%。
(2)社会支持度 领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)[9]评估患者的社会支持水平,该量表包括家庭、朋友、其他共3个部分(3个分量表),以满意程度进行赋值,范围为1~7分,最高84分,总分与社会支持度呈正比,量表Cronbach α系数为0.964,量表内容效度为0.965。
(3)自我效能感 自我效能感通过一般自我效能感量表(GSES)[10]进行评估,量表包括10个条目,每个条目依据“完全不正确”到“完全正确”的答案进行1~4分的评分,最低得分10分,最高40分,得分高则代表患者自我效能感强,量表Cronbach α系数为0.870,量表内部一致性信度为0.904。
(4)应对方式 积极应对量表与消极应对量表组成简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)[11],进行患者应对方式评估,每个问题采用0~3分的3级评分,积极应对得分范围0~36分,而消极应对得分0~24分,二分量表的差值为应对方式的倾向性评分,根据得分结果进行消极(<0)和积极(>0)应对判断,得分>0为积极应对。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.886,在0.780~0.876之间,总量表重测信度为0.721,3个分量表的重测信度为0.714~0.729。
由调查员为患者发放调查问卷并进行填写规则讲解和指导,调查员均接受统一培训,患者需独立完成,问卷完成后调查员进行核对,对缺项和漏项进行核查,若发现缺失数据则当场进行填补,确保数据的完整性和真实性。
所有数据均通过SPSS 22.0软件进行分析。()表示计量数据资料,组间差异采用t检验;n(%)表示计数资料,并采用χ2检验;使用Pearson检验进行相关性分析、分层回归分析和非参数百分位Bootstrap检验;使用AMOS21.0软件做中介模型图。检验水准α=0.05。
收集120例有效调查问卷中患者的一般资料,其中年龄≤60岁占70.83%,病程≤5年占78.33%,24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<27.9 kg/m2占47.50%,文化程度中专或高中占45.00%,已婚占64.17%。见表1
年龄≤60岁患者的GSES评分、积极SCSQ评分、PSSS评分总分及三个分量表评分均高于年龄>60岁患者,消极SCSQ评分低于年龄>60岁患者(P<0.05);说明GSES评分、PSSS评分、SCSQ评分与患者年龄关系密切。见表2
年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者GSES评分与PSSS评分、积极SCSQ评分呈均正相关,与消极SCSQ评分则均呈负相关(P<0.05);PSSS评分与积极SCSQ评分均呈正相关,与消极SCSQ评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。见表3
结果显示,年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者的χ2自由度比χ2/v值均<5,标准化残差均方根(SRMR)均<0.1,拟合度指数(RFI)、比较拟合指数(CFI)、规范拟合指数(NFI)、非规范拟合指数(TLI)均>0.900,说明数据拟合情况较好,见表4。具体模型结构及标准化路径图见图1,结果显示,年龄≤60岁和>60岁患者自我效能感、社会支持与积极应对方式之间均有正向作用,而与消极应对方式均有负向作用,中介模型所有路径系数均达到显著水平(P<0.05)[12]。以上结果表明在女性SUI患者中60岁和>60岁患者其自我效能感在社会支持、应对方式中均起到一定中介效应。
随着健康宣传不断普及,人民对疾病认知程度逐渐提升,SUI越来越受到重视,但有数据显示我国受SUI影响的女性仅9%需求治疗,由此可见SUI的求医态度普遍较消极[13]。积极的应对方式可增强患者战胜疾病的勇气,缩短疾病转归病程。因此,关注并促使女性SUI患者选择积极的应对方式十分关键。本研究通过分析女性SUI患者的相关资料发现,自我效能感在社会支持、应对方式之间起到一定中介效应作用,促使患者积极应对疾病。
本研究研究发现,女性SUI患者的自我效能感、社会支持及积极应对方式均偏低,分析可能原因为SUI主要发生于产后女性及高龄女性中,产后女性因角色的转变,缺乏对自身功能康复的关注,若此时家庭支持偏低,则易出现抑郁、焦虑的情绪,自我效能感降低,患者可能选择拖延的方式消极对待疾病。随着年龄的增加其面临着社会功能的弱化,受身体条件影响与社会联系减少。此外老年人退休后因收入减少等问题,担心成为子女的负担,自我效能感低及不积极应对疾病情况较为普遍。另外SUI疾病部位隐私,健康指导知识相对缺乏,尿失禁的行为易让患者尴尬难堪,患者担心受到歧视和贬低也会选择隐瞒病情、消极应对,因此其家庭及亲朋等对其患SUI的情况不甚了解,而存在社会支持度不高的情况[14]。对比不同年龄段的得分发现年龄≤60岁患者的GSES评分、PSSS评分总分及分量表评分、积极SCSQ评分高于年龄>60岁患者,消极SCSQ评分低于年龄>60岁患者。年龄是影响SUI病因的一个重要因素,随着年龄的增加,盆底肌肉退化,盆底功能下降,另受分娩的影响,老年SUI发病率更高。老年人社会功能逐渐弱化,可能存在社交网络萎缩和社交隔离问题,相较于非老年人,老年人的自我效能感和积极SCSQ评分更低[15]。因此,重点关注老年女性SUI患者的社会支持、自我效能感是维持正向情绪,勇敢、积极应对疾病的关键。
本研究显示,SUI患者自我效能感在社会支持、应对方式之间起到中介效应,说明SUI患者的自我效能感可正向引导积极应对方式,同时还能通过影响社会支持对积极应对方式产生作用。吴艳等[16]调查青少年抑郁患者自我效能感可促使患者积极勇敢面对疾病,从而选择积极应对方式。石海宁等[17]研究发现,自我效能感可通过积极应对方式间接影响恐动症,说明自我效能感可影响应对方式。以上结果说明,自我效能感强的患者,具有客观理性化的认知评价水平,会主动寻求帮助,对各种社会支持的利用率和接纳度较高,能够以积极的应对方式对待疾病,促使疾病尽早转归。家人的理解、包容和鼓励是患者积极就诊的重要精神支柱,家庭成员给予患者较高的关注度,充足的情绪价值,更好的唤醒个体内在专注力,调节自我情绪,可保持长时间的积极情绪,大大提升自我效能感,坚信自己的行动可以战胜疾病,痊愈信心可影响行为,从而选择积极的应对方式,尽可能的向预期目标行动;相反,若社会支持较低,患者难以有效改善自身抑郁情绪,多抗拒、逃避,消极应对疾病。因此,可从社会支持、自我效能感方面女性SUI患者进行干预,使其以积极地应对方式对抗疾病,特别是加强对老年患者的干预。
综上所述,年龄对SUI患者的自我效能感和应对方式有一定的影响,不同年龄患者自我效能感在社会支持、应对方式之间均起到一定中介效应作用,临床应对老年患者加强社会支持,增强产后患者的自我效能感,促使不同年龄段患选择积极的应对方式抵抗疾病。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2023D01C82)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409129
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2023D01C82)
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    新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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