Article(id=1241023933630173773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406423, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719072000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812762887, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812762887, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812762887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812762887, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023927812682133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='3', pageStart='385', pageEnd='576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812761500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812858867, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024336258200260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023927812682133, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=533, endPage=540, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023936163533470, articleId=1241023933630173773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on the role of N6-methyl adenosine in arsenic induced tau protein phosphorylation, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore whether N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is involved in arsenic-induced tau protein phosphorylation.

Methods

Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 μmol/L sodium arsenate for 24 hours. Then, the intracellular m6A level was detected, the mRNA expression levels of m6A-related enzymes in the cells were detected by qPCR,and the total tau protein expression level, phosphorylated tau protein level and m6A-related enzyme expression levels in the cells were detected by Western Blot. After inhibiting the intracellular m6A level with 3-deoxyadenosines, the changes in the intracellular m6A level and tau protein phosphorylation level were verified. SPSS was used for analysis of variance of the experimental results, with α=0.05.

Results

After SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various concentrations of arsenic for 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the total tau protein level in the cells (F=3.047, P > 0.05). After the cells were treated with 5 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours, the intracellular m6A level increased by 31.4% (F=4.511, P < 0.05), and the phosphorylated tau protein (at site T231) level increased by 42.6% (95%CI: 0.165-0.689, P < 0.01). The level of phosphorylated tau protein (at sites S202 + T205) increased with the increase in arsenic concentration, and the highest increase was 55.2%(95%CI: 0.050-0.409, P < 0.05) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. As the arsenic treatment concentration increased, the METTL3 mRNA expression in the cells increased, with the highest increase of 73.2% (95%CI: 0.201-1.423, P < 0.05) at a concentration of 10 μmol/L. The mRNA expression levels of METTL14, WTAP and FTO decreased, and they decreased to 65.4% (95%CI:-1.055 to-0.337, P < 0.01), 64.8% (95%CI:-0.389 to -0.111, P < 0.05) and 85.4% (95%CI: -0.030 to -0.010, P < 0.01) of the control group respectively after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic. The ALKBH5 mRNA expression first increased and then decreased, with an increase of 27.5% (95%CI: 0.033-0.147, P < 0.05) after treatment with 1 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours; while it decreased by 30.7% (95%CI:-1.62 to -0.038, P < 0.01) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic. Arsenic treatment led to an increase in METTL3 protein expression, with the highest increase of 107.1% (95%CI: 0.331-1.009, P < 0.01) after treatment with 5 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours, while the protein expression levels of METTL14, WTAP and ALKBH5 decreased to 20.4% (95%CI: -0.788 to -0.509, P < 0.001), 23.5% (95%CI:-1.371 to -0.685, P <0.001) and 49.2% (95%CI:-0.423 to -0.183, P < 0.001) of the control group respectively after treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. The FTO protein expression level showed a decreasing trend with the increase in arsenic concentration, with the lowest decrease of 45.3% (95%CI:-0.709 to -0.413, P < 0.001) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. After DAA inhibited the intracellular m6A level, the phosphorylated tau protein levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Arsenic can increase the m6A level in SH-SY5Y cells by increasing the expression level of the m6A methylase METTL3 and decreasing the expression levels of the m6A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, thereby inducing the phosphorylation of tau protein in the cells.

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目的

探究N6甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine, m6A)是否参与砷诱导的tau蛋白磷酸化。

方法

采用0、1、5和10 μmol/L亚砷酸钠处理神经母细胞瘤(SH-SY5Y)细胞24 h后,检测细胞内m6A水平,qPCR检测细胞内m6A相关酶mRNA的表达量,Western Blot检测细胞内总tau蛋白表达量、磷酸化tau蛋白水平和m6A相关酶的表达量。利用3-脱氮腺苷抑制细胞内m6A水平后,验证细胞内m6A水平和tau蛋白磷酸化水平的变化。采用SPSS对实验结果进行方差分析,检验水准α=0.05。

结果

各浓度砷处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h后,细胞内总tau蛋白水平差异不显著(F=3.047, P>0.05)。5 μmol/L砷处理细胞24 h后,细胞内m6A水平上升31.4%(F=4.511, P<0.05),磷酸化tau蛋白(T231位点)水平上升42.6%(95%CI: 0.165~0.689, P<0.01)。磷酸化tau蛋白(S202+T205位点)水平随砷浓度的提高而上升,最高在10 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h后上升55.2%(95%CI: 0.050~0.409, P<0.05)。随着砷处理浓度增加,细胞内METTL3 mRNA表达增加,10 μmol/L浓度下最高增加73.2%(95%CI: 0.201~1.423, P<0.05)。METTL14、WTAP和FTO mRNA表达量下降,在10 μmol/L砷处理后分别降至对照组的65.4%(95%CI: -1.055~-0.337, P<0.01)、64.8%(95%CI: -0.389~-0.111, P<0.05)和85.4%(95%CI: -0.030~-0.010, P<0.01)。ALKBH5 mRNA表达先升高后降低,在1 μmol/L砷处理24 h后表达量增加27.5%(95%CI: 0.033~0.147, P<0.05);而10 μmol/L浓度砷处理后降低30.7%(95%CI: -1.62~-0.038, P<0.01)。砷处理导致METTL3蛋白表达增高,最高在5 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h后增加107.1%(95%CI: 0.331~1.009, P<0.01),而METTL14、WTAP和ALKBH5蛋白表达量在10 μmol/L砷处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h后分别下降至对照组的20.4%(95%CI:-0.788~-0.509, P<0.001)、23.5%(95%CI: -1.371~-0.685, P<0.001)和49.2%(95%CI: -0.423~-0.183, P<0.001)。FTO蛋白表达量随砷浓度的提高呈下降趋势,最低在10 μmol/L砷处理24 h后降低45.3%(95%CI: -0.709~-0.413, P<0.001)。DAA抑制细胞内m6A水平后,磷酸化tau蛋白水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

砷可以通过增加m6A甲基化酶METTL3的表达量、降低m6A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5的表达量,提高SH-SY5Y细胞内的m6A水平,进而诱导细胞内tau蛋白发生磷酸化。

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赵田禾,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=z8zK/MIRpiAglfm+0vANZw==, magXml=gOLg4ge6BG9+FkMaFcQNsQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=e99RQjYR05BHd0SXUMHKkw==, pdfFileSize=1918649, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kNLbvxPRa+9rrBJvwtimKg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=A199oAKv5tcE8RH+ELX1TA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

龙科言(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康

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龙科言(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康

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龙科言(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康

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注:不同曲线代表不同处理时间;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=vllVEirV7uzbMbsIzfBbjg==, figureFileBig=kNLbvxPRa+9rrBJvwtimKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023944900268261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The level of tau protein and phosphorylated tau protein in SH-SY5Y cells after arsenic treatment (n=3), figureFileSmall=e99wdGe0yv9JOeSFtdEfvg==, figureFileBig=di3H3XK3MQaaOiSk30EDEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945017708781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=图2, caption=砷处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内tau蛋白表达量和磷酸化tau蛋白水平(n=3)

注:图A采用免疫印迹法检测不同浓度砷处理24 h后细胞内的tau蛋白表达量;图B为T231位点磷酸化tau蛋白;图C为S202+T205位点磷酸化tau蛋白的含量;采用ImageJ软件对条带图进行相对定量分析。

, figureFileSmall=e99wdGe0yv9JOeSFtdEfvg==, figureFileBig=di3H3XK3MQaaOiSk30EDEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945135149300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The level of m6A in SH-SY5Y cells after arsenic treatment (n=3), figureFileSmall=G/njUvRUgGCh/EBB6ACKtw==, figureFileBig=nKwxE+Rlc1tEw/q3L0KkTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945235812603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=图3, caption=砷处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A水平(n=3)

注:图A斑点印迹实验,检测不同浓度砷处理24 h细胞内m6A水平;“m6A显影”表示细胞总RNA中m6A的水平,颜色越深表示m6A水平越高;“亚甲蓝扫描”和“亚甲蓝染色”颜色深浅一致表明RNA上样量一致(下同);图B采用EpiQuik法对细胞内m6A水平进行定量。

, figureFileSmall=G/njUvRUgGCh/EBB6ACKtw==, figureFileBig=nKwxE+Rlc1tEw/q3L0KkTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945386807557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The mRNA expression of m6A-related enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells after arsenic treatment (n=4), figureFileSmall=0hV8uADiNxgkvN5LMGUY1Q==, figureFileBig=jFkVOWYsC3y7cgu1SfRM6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945495859469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=图4, caption=砷处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A相关酶mRNA表达量(n=4)

注:图A、B、C、D、E分别为采用qPCR检测不同浓度砷处理24 h后细胞内的METTL3、METTL14、WTAP、ALKBH5和FTOmRNA的表达量。

, figureFileSmall=0hV8uADiNxgkvN5LMGUY1Q==, figureFileBig=jFkVOWYsC3y7cgu1SfRM6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945579745557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=xpression of m6A-related enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells after arsenic treatment (n=3), figureFileSmall=TvF/26N3JBx3Yln1Pezheg==, figureFileBig=B4ys2rYUuROcMsIqjzsHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945709768988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=图5, caption=砷处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A相关酶表达量(n=3)

注:图A、B、C、D、E分别为采用免疫印迹法检测不同浓度砷处理24 h后细胞内的METTL3、METTL14、WTAP、ALKBH5和FTO蛋白的表达量;采用ImageJ软件对条带进行相对定量分析。

, figureFileSmall=TvF/26N3JBx3Yln1Pezheg==, figureFileBig=B4ys2rYUuROcMsIqjzsHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945806237988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The levels of m6A and phosphorylated tau protein in SH-SY5Y cells after DAA treatment (n=3), figureFileSmall=v+XvgaIlBhpjUQEZVzWzVQ==, figureFileBig=4rD7R5TsPFWRhUg3xfVaMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023945911095596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=图6, caption=DAA处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A水平和磷酸化tau蛋白水平(n=3)

注:图A斑点印迹实验检测m6A水平,“As”表示添加5 μmol/L亚砷酸钠处理24 h、“DAA”表示添加m6A抑制剂;图B、C采用免疫印迹法检测砷与DAA共同处理24 h后细胞内的p-tau蛋白水平;采用Student-Newman-Keuls法进行两两比较,不同字母表示差异具有统计学意义,α=0.05。

, figureFileSmall=v+XvgaIlBhpjUQEZVzWzVQ==, figureFileBig=4rD7R5TsPFWRhUg3xfVaMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023946011758899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

WB antibodies used in the study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗体名称厂家备注
Anti-Tau(TAU-5)Abcam总tau蛋白
Phospho-Tau(Thr231)Affinityp-tau蛋白
Anti-Tau(phosphoS202+ T205)Abcamp-tau蛋白
METTL3Abcamm6A甲基化酶
METTL14Abclonalm6A甲基化酶
WTAPAbclonalm6A甲基化酶
FTO成都正能生物m6A去甲基化酶
ALKBH5成都正能生物m6A去甲基化酶
GAPDH华安生物内参蛋白
Goatanti-RabbitIgG Goat Polyclonal Antibody华安生物二抗,抗兔
), ArticleFig(id=1241023946133393721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究中使用的WB抗体

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗体名称厂家备注
Anti-Tau(TAU-5)Abcam总tau蛋白
Phospho-Tau(Thr231)Affinityp-tau蛋白
Anti-Tau(phosphoS202+ T205)Abcamp-tau蛋白
METTL3Abcamm6A甲基化酶
METTL14Abclonalm6A甲基化酶
WTAPAbclonalm6A甲基化酶
FTO成都正能生物m6A去甲基化酶
ALKBH5成都正能生物m6A去甲基化酶
GAPDH华安生物内参蛋白
Goatanti-RabbitIgG Goat Polyclonal Antibody华安生物二抗,抗兔
), ArticleFig(id=1241023946200502594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The qPCR primers used in the study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列(5’-3’)
METTL3F:AGATGGGGTAGAAAGCCTCCT
R: TGGTCAGCATAGGTTACAAGAGT
METTL14F:GAGTGTGTTTACGAAAATGGGGT
R: CCGTCTGTGCTACGCTTCA
WTAPF:TTGTAATGCGACTAGCAACCAA
R: GCTGGGTCTACCATTGTTGATCT
ALKBH5F:CATCTAATCTTGTCTTCCTGAG
R: TCCAGTTCAAGCCTATTCG
FTOF:CTTCACCAAGGAGACTGCTATTTC
R: CAAGGTTCCTGTTGAGCACTCTG
GAPDHF:TCTATAAATTGAGCCCGCAGC
R: CCAATACGACCAAATCCGTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1241023946271805763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023933630173773, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究中使用的qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列(5’-3’)
METTL3F:AGATGGGGTAGAAAGCCTCCT
R: TGGTCAGCATAGGTTACAAGAGT
METTL14F:GAGTGTGTTTACGAAAATGGGGT
R: CCGTCTGTGCTACGCTTCA
WTAPF:TTGTAATGCGACTAGCAACCAA
R: GCTGGGTCTACCATTGTTGATCT
ALKBH5F:CATCTAATCTTGTCTTCCTGAG
R: TCCAGTTCAAGCCTATTCG
FTOF:CTTCACCAAGGAGACTGCTATTTC
R: CAAGGTTCCTGTTGAGCACTCTG
GAPDHF:TCTATAAATTGAGCCCGCAGC
R: CCAATACGACCAAATCCGTTG
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N6甲基腺苷在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化中的作用研究
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龙科言 , 熊文晓 , 郑群荟 , 张乾 , 张遵真 , 赵田禾
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(3): 533-540
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025, 52(3): 533-540
N6甲基腺苷在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化中的作用研究
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龙科言, 熊文晓, 郑群荟, 张乾, 张遵真, 赵田禾
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 龙科言(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康

通讯作者:

赵田禾,E-mail:
Study on the role of N6-methyl adenosine in arsenic induced tau protein phosphorylation
Ke-yan LONG, Wen-xiao XIONG, Qun-hui ZHENG, Qian ZHANG, Zun-zhen ZHANG, Tian-he ZHAO
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406423
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目的

探究N6甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine, m6A)是否参与砷诱导的tau蛋白磷酸化。

方法

采用0、1、5和10 μmol/L亚砷酸钠处理神经母细胞瘤(SH-SY5Y)细胞24 h后,检测细胞内m6A水平,qPCR检测细胞内m6A相关酶mRNA的表达量,Western Blot检测细胞内总tau蛋白表达量、磷酸化tau蛋白水平和m6A相关酶的表达量。利用3-脱氮腺苷抑制细胞内m6A水平后,验证细胞内m6A水平和tau蛋白磷酸化水平的变化。采用SPSS对实验结果进行方差分析,检验水准α=0.05。

结果

各浓度砷处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h后,细胞内总tau蛋白水平差异不显著(F=3.047, P>0.05)。5 μmol/L砷处理细胞24 h后,细胞内m6A水平上升31.4%(F=4.511, P<0.05),磷酸化tau蛋白(T231位点)水平上升42.6%(95%CI: 0.165~0.689, P<0.01)。磷酸化tau蛋白(S202+T205位点)水平随砷浓度的提高而上升,最高在10 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h后上升55.2%(95%CI: 0.050~0.409, P<0.05)。随着砷处理浓度增加,细胞内METTL3 mRNA表达增加,10 μmol/L浓度下最高增加73.2%(95%CI: 0.201~1.423, P<0.05)。METTL14、WTAP和FTO mRNA表达量下降,在10 μmol/L砷处理后分别降至对照组的65.4%(95%CI: -1.055~-0.337, P<0.01)、64.8%(95%CI: -0.389~-0.111, P<0.05)和85.4%(95%CI: -0.030~-0.010, P<0.01)。ALKBH5 mRNA表达先升高后降低,在1 μmol/L砷处理24 h后表达量增加27.5%(95%CI: 0.033~0.147, P<0.05);而10 μmol/L浓度砷处理后降低30.7%(95%CI: -1.62~-0.038, P<0.01)。砷处理导致METTL3蛋白表达增高,最高在5 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h后增加107.1%(95%CI: 0.331~1.009, P<0.01),而METTL14、WTAP和ALKBH5蛋白表达量在10 μmol/L砷处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h后分别下降至对照组的20.4%(95%CI:-0.788~-0.509, P<0.001)、23.5%(95%CI: -1.371~-0.685, P<0.001)和49.2%(95%CI: -0.423~-0.183, P<0.001)。FTO蛋白表达量随砷浓度的提高呈下降趋势,最低在10 μmol/L砷处理24 h后降低45.3%(95%CI: -0.709~-0.413, P<0.001)。DAA抑制细胞内m6A水平后,磷酸化tau蛋白水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

砷可以通过增加m6A甲基化酶METTL3的表达量、降低m6A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5的表达量,提高SH-SY5Y细胞内的m6A水平,进而诱导细胞内tau蛋白发生磷酸化。

砷  /  N6甲基腺苷  /  磷酸化tau蛋白  /  SH-SY5Y细胞
Objective

To explore whether N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is involved in arsenic-induced tau protein phosphorylation.

Methods

Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 μmol/L sodium arsenate for 24 hours. Then, the intracellular m6A level was detected, the mRNA expression levels of m6A-related enzymes in the cells were detected by qPCR,and the total tau protein expression level, phosphorylated tau protein level and m6A-related enzyme expression levels in the cells were detected by Western Blot. After inhibiting the intracellular m6A level with 3-deoxyadenosines, the changes in the intracellular m6A level and tau protein phosphorylation level were verified. SPSS was used for analysis of variance of the experimental results, with α=0.05.

Results

After SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various concentrations of arsenic for 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the total tau protein level in the cells (F=3.047, P > 0.05). After the cells were treated with 5 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours, the intracellular m6A level increased by 31.4% (F=4.511, P < 0.05), and the phosphorylated tau protein (at site T231) level increased by 42.6% (95%CI: 0.165-0.689, P < 0.01). The level of phosphorylated tau protein (at sites S202 + T205) increased with the increase in arsenic concentration, and the highest increase was 55.2%(95%CI: 0.050-0.409, P < 0.05) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. As the arsenic treatment concentration increased, the METTL3 mRNA expression in the cells increased, with the highest increase of 73.2% (95%CI: 0.201-1.423, P < 0.05) at a concentration of 10 μmol/L. The mRNA expression levels of METTL14, WTAP and FTO decreased, and they decreased to 65.4% (95%CI:-1.055 to-0.337, P < 0.01), 64.8% (95%CI:-0.389 to -0.111, P < 0.05) and 85.4% (95%CI: -0.030 to -0.010, P < 0.01) of the control group respectively after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic. The ALKBH5 mRNA expression first increased and then decreased, with an increase of 27.5% (95%CI: 0.033-0.147, P < 0.05) after treatment with 1 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours; while it decreased by 30.7% (95%CI:-1.62 to -0.038, P < 0.01) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic. Arsenic treatment led to an increase in METTL3 protein expression, with the highest increase of 107.1% (95%CI: 0.331-1.009, P < 0.01) after treatment with 5 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours, while the protein expression levels of METTL14, WTAP and ALKBH5 decreased to 20.4% (95%CI: -0.788 to -0.509, P < 0.001), 23.5% (95%CI:-1.371 to -0.685, P <0.001) and 49.2% (95%CI:-0.423 to -0.183, P < 0.001) of the control group respectively after treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. The FTO protein expression level showed a decreasing trend with the increase in arsenic concentration, with the lowest decrease of 45.3% (95%CI:-0.709 to -0.413, P < 0.001) after treatment with 10 μmol/L arsenic for 24 hours. After DAA inhibited the intracellular m6A level, the phosphorylated tau protein levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Arsenic can increase the m6A level in SH-SY5Y cells by increasing the expression level of the m6A methylase METTL3 and decreasing the expression levels of the m6A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, thereby inducing the phosphorylation of tau protein in the cells.

Arsenic  /  N6-methyl adenosine  /  Phosphorylated tau protein  /  SH-SY5Y cells
龙科言, 熊文晓, 郑群荟, 张乾, 张遵真, 赵田禾. N6甲基腺苷在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化中的作用研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (3) : 533 -540 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406423
Ke-yan LONG, Wen-xiao XIONG, Qun-hui ZHENG, Qian ZHANG, Zun-zhen ZHANG, Tian-he ZHAO. Study on the role of N6-methyl adenosine in arsenic induced tau protein phosphorylation[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (3) : 533 -540 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406423
砷不仅是人类致癌物,同时也是明确的神经毒物,能通过血脑屏障富集于特定脑区[1],是以阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer disease, AD)为代表的多种神经系统退行性疾病的危险因素[2]。Tau蛋白是一种微管相关蛋白,主要在神经组织中表达,生理状态下tau蛋白促进微管的组装,并维持微管结构的稳定[3]。已有研究显示砷暴露可诱导tau蛋白磷酸化[4],磷酸化的tau蛋白将失去正常的生理功能,并从微管剥离[5],最终经过折叠、剪切等变化演变成tau蛋白聚集[6]。磷酸化tau(phosphorylated tau, p-tau)蛋白聚集是AD的主要病理特征之一,临床上已将部分p-tau蛋白认定为AD的生物标志物[7]。砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化的机制研究不多,特别是RNA表观遗传学中的N6甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine, m6A)在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化中的作用知之甚少。大量研究显示m6A是细胞感知外界环境变化的关键因子,与砷诱发的神经系统损伤密切相关[8-9]。更重要的是,细胞内m6A不仅可以激活磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶(BPI3K/AKT)通路[10],也可以介导糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)的磷酸化[11],提示m6A具有调控蛋白磷酸化的作用。然而,m6A是否可以引起tau蛋白发生磷酸化目前尚未见报道,因此本研究从表观遗传学角度探讨砷是否可以通过m6A诱导tau蛋白发生磷酸化,为砷的神经毒性研究提供新线索。
采用人源性神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞(武汉赛维尔生物)作为研究对象。亚砷酸钠(sodium arsenite, NaAsO2,购自Fluka,纯度>99.0%)是典型的砷化物,白色粉末易溶于水,广泛应用于砷毒性机制研究。
采用CCK8法探究不同浓度、不同时间的亚砷酸钠对SH-SY5Y细胞增殖的影响。将SH-SY5Y细胞按1×105个/孔的浓度接种至96孔板中,采用1~30 μmol/L(实验组浓度梯度设置为1、5、10、20和30 μmol/L,设置对照组和空白组)亚砷酸钠分别处理24、48、72和96 h,加入CCK8试剂(TargetMol公司)于37℃孵育1 h后,用酶标仪(Thermo Fisher,Multiskan GO 1510)检测450 nm吸光值,设置对照组吸光度为100%,按公式计算细胞存活率。细胞存活率(%)
根据1.2实验的结果,设置WB分组为对照组和砷处理组(分为1、5、10 μmol/L亚砷酸钠),处理时间为24 h。采用RIPA裂解液(TargetMol公司)提取细胞总蛋白,用BCA法(南京诺唯赞生物)测定蛋白浓度。WB方案参照本课题组以前的研究[12],电泳、转膜、封闭后孵育一抗和二抗,最后滴加ECL显色液成像拍照。
T231(苏氨酸)位点是tau蛋白最先发生磷酸化的位点[7],S202+T205(丝氨酸202+苏氨酸205)位点磷酸化伴随tau蛋白的构象变化,可以反映细胞中神经原纤维缠结(一种由高磷酸化tau蛋白组成的聚集体)的水平[6],因此本研究选择T231和S202+T205位点作为tau蛋白磷酸化的观察指标。METTL3、METTL14和WTAP(m6A甲基化酶)以及FTO和ALKBH5(m6A去甲基化酶)是目前研究较为深入,功能明确的m6A相关酶[8]。本研究所使用的WB抗体见表1
实验分组与1.3一致,细胞处理24 h后,提取总RNA(Vazyme Biotech),逆转录为cDNA以备用。qPCR方案参照本课题组以前的研究[12],设置GAPDH基因为内参。依据阈值循环数(Ct值)计算2^(-ΔΔCt)以进行数据处理和统计分析。本研究所选用的qPCR引物见表2
采用斑点印迹(Dot Blot)和EpiQuik m6A RNA Methylation Quantification试剂盒(简称EpiQuik法)两种方法测定细胞内m6A水平。实验分组与1.3一致。斑点印迹是将RNA样品于95℃加热3 min后接种至尼龙膜,于紫外灯下照射1 h;用5%脱脂牛奶封闭1 h后孵育一抗(Anti-m6A Antibody,华安生物,稀释比1∶2 000)过夜,次日于室温孵育二抗(Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Goat Polyclonal Antibody,华安生物,稀释比1∶50 000)1 h,滴加ECL显色液成像拍照。成像后洗脱ECL显色液,将膜置于亚甲蓝染色液中染色30 min,随后洗去多余染色液并拍照。EpiQuik法参照本课题组以前的研究[12],根据吸光度测算m6A水平。
采用DAA(APExBIO公司,终浓度为3.9 μmol/L)预处理细胞24 h后,加入亚砷酸钠(终浓度为5 μmol/L)处理24 h;随后提取细胞总RNA检测m6A抑制效果,见1.5实验,提取总蛋白检测p-tau蛋白水平,见1.3实验。
所有实验重复至少3次,实验数据以()来表示。采用SPSS 26进行统计分析。对于3组及3组以上的数据间比较使用单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA),检验水准α=0.05;当方差分析表明差异显著时,采用Student-Newman-Keuls或Dunnett t检验进行多组内各处理组与对照组的比较。使用SigmaPlot 12.5制作图表,误差棒值表示一个标准差大小。检验水准α=0.05。
CCK8实验表明,亚砷酸钠在各浓度下均可以抑制SH-SY5Y细胞的增殖。10 μmol/L砷处理24 h后,细胞存活率为88.4%;5 μmol/L砷处理48 h后,细胞存活率为79.4%;而1 μmol/L砷处理72 h后,细胞存活率降低至71.2%。因此,为确保细胞存活率高于80%,保证后续实验的可行性,本研究设置亚砷酸钠的浓度梯度为1、5和10 μmol/L,处理时间为24 h。见图1
与对照组相比,1、5和10 μmol/L砷处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h后,细胞内总tau蛋白表达量的差异不具有统计学差异(F=3.047, P>0.05),见图2A。然而,砷处理可以显著增加细胞内tau蛋白T231位点(图2B)磷酸化,在5 μmol/L砷处理24 h后最高上升42.6%(95%CI: 0.165~0.689, P<0.01)。此外,S202+T205位点的磷酸化水平(图2C)伴随砷浓度的提高而上升,在10 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h后最高上升55.2%(95%CI: 0.050~0.409, P<0.05)。这些结果表明,砷可以显著诱导SH-SY5Y细胞内p-tau蛋白增加。
从斑点印迹结果可以直观看出,砷处理组SH-SY5Y细胞内的m6A水平高于对照组,见图3A。由于斑点印迹不便定量分析,为了增加客观性,本研究采用EpiQuik法对细胞内的m6A水平进行精确定量。图3B表明,砷可以刺激细胞内m6A水平上升(F=4.511, P<0.05),在5 μmol/L砷处理24 h后最高上升31.4%,在10 μmol/L砷处理24 h后上升28.5%。
图4A所示,随着砷处理浓度增加,细胞内METTL3 mRNA表达增加,10 μmol/L浓度下最高增加73.2%(95%CI: 0.201~1.423, P<0.05)。METTL14、WTAP和FTO mRNA表达量下降,在10 μmol/L砷处理后分别降至对照组的65.4%(95%CI: -1.055~-0.337, P<0.01)、64.8%(95%CI: -0.389~-0.111, P<0.05)和85.4%(95%CI: -0.030~-0.010, P<0.01),见图4B、C、E图4D所示,ALKBH5 mRNA在1 μmol/L砷处理24 h后表达量增加27.5%(95%CI: 0.033~0.147, P<0.05),但在5 μmol/L砷浓度下与对照组基本持平,而10 μmol/L浓度砷处理后降低30.7%(95%CI: -1.62~-0.038, P<0.01)。
图5A所示,砷处理24 h后细胞内METTL3蛋白表达增加,5 μmol/L浓度下最高增加107.1%(95%CI: 0.331~1.009, P<0.01),10 μmol/L浓度下增加58.7%(95%CI: 0.028~0.706, P<0.05)。1 μmol/L砷处理24 h后,METTL14和WTAP蛋白表达量基本不变,但在10 μmol/L砷处理后分别降至对照组的20.4%(95%CI: -0.788~-0.509, P<0.001)和23.5%(95%CI: -1.371~-0.685, P<0.001),对细胞内RNA的甲基化催化作用下降,见图5B、C图5D所示,ALKBH5蛋白表达趋势与mRNA表达趋势相似,在1 μmol/L砷处理24 h后表达量增加35.6%(95%CI:0.092~0.332, P<0.01),在10 μmol/L浓度砷处理后降低50.8%(95%CI: -0.423~-0.183, P<0.001)。图5E表明,随着砷浓度增高,FTO蛋白表达量呈下降趋势,在10 μmol/L浓度砷处理24 h时降低45.3%(95%CI:-0.709~-0.413, P<0.001)。
实验1.3~1.5的结果表明,5 μmol/L的亚砷酸钠处理24 h可以有效增加SH-SY5Y细胞内的m6A水平,并显著诱导tau蛋白发生磷酸化。因此,为探究m6A是否参与了砷诱导的tau蛋白磷酸化,本研究采用DAA来抑制细胞内的m6A水平,见图6A。图6B、C显示,与无DAA组相比,细胞内T231位点p-tau蛋白水平降低至对照组的129.0%(P<0.05),S202+T205位点p-tau蛋白水平降低至对照组的110.1%(P<0.05)说明m6A可以调控tau蛋白的磷酸化,是砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化的关键环节之一。
大量研究显示,细胞内p-tau蛋白聚集体的产生是AD的重要病理特征。Tau蛋白全长有多个位点可发生磷酸化,其中T231是最先发生磷酸化的位点,因此成为AD最早的生物标志物[7]。Tau蛋白T231位点发生磷酸化后,会引发一系列磷酸化过程,期间tau蛋白发生折叠、剪切等变化,最后形成聚集体[6]。S202+T205位点磷酸化对tau蛋白的构象改变具有关键作用,是神经原纤维缠结产生的关键环节[6],同样被认为是AD重要的生物标志物[7]。鉴于此,本研究选择tau蛋白的T231和S202+T205位点磷酸化作为结局,探究m6A在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化的作用。研究结果显示,砷处理后SH-SY5Y细胞内tau蛋白T231位点和S202+T205位点磷酸化显著上升,提示砷不只是诱导SH-SY5Y细胞内tau蛋白发生磷酸化,还可能诱导细胞内神经原纤维缠结的产生,具有导致神经退行性疾病的潜在风险。
斑点印迹法和EpiQuik法是目前最常用于检测细胞内m6A整体水平的实验方法,斑点印迹法可以直观地看出不同砷处理组的m6A水平与对照组存在差异,EpiQuik法则可以精确定量砷对SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A的影响。本研究发现,砷可以诱导细胞内m6A水平显著上升,在5 μmol/L砷浓度下最高上升31.4%。砷处理导致细胞内tau蛋白磷酸化和m6A水平同步上升,提示两者之间可能存在关联。
m6A水平升高首先依赖于m6A甲基化酶的增加,砷处理24 h后细胞内METTL3 mRNA表达增加,METTL14和WTAP mRNA表达降低。相应的,砷处理后METTL3蛋白表达增加,而METTL14和WTAP蛋白表达量在5和10 μmol/L浓度砷浓度时降低。这些结果提示,METTL3可能是砷诱导细胞内m6A水平增加的主要调节酶。相印证的是,研究发现METTL3和tau蛋白在AD患者海马体的不溶性成分中显著增多,提示METTL3增多与tau蛋白的聚集有关[13]。不仅如此,随着砷处理浓度增加,FTO mRNA和蛋白表达量呈下降趋势;ALKBH5 mRNA和蛋白在1 μmol/L砷处理时表达量增高,但10 μmol/L砷处理后表达量显著下降,这说明m6A去甲基化酶的降低也是砷导致细胞内m6A水平增加的原因。相似的是,动物实验发现,亚砷酸钠可以降低小鼠大脑中FTO的水平、增加m6A水平,从而引起小鼠神经功能缺陷[9];细胞实验发现,敲低ALKBH5会导致tau蛋白发生过度磷酸化[14],提示m6A水平增加可能与tau蛋白过度磷酸化存在关系,也恰好印证了本研究的观点。此外,本研究发现METTL3 mRNA在表达高浓度砷处理时持续升高,但METTL3蛋白的表达量在高浓度砷处理后却明显低于中浓度砷处理组,且其他m6A相关酶的蛋白表达量下降程度也远高于mRNA表达量的下降程度。究其原因,可能与蛋白的翻译后修饰、高浓度砷对SH-SY5Y细胞正常生理状态的干扰,以及亚砷酸钠的低剂量兴奋效应[15]有关。
纵观m6A的水平变化和调节酶的表达量变化,本研究发现在1 μmol/L砷浓度情况下,ALKBH5的增加限制了m6A的增长速率。但在高浓度砷处理下,METTL3显著增加,伴随着FTO的显著降低、ALKBH5表达量的下降,故细胞内m6A水平显著增加。这些结果表明,METTL3、ALKBH5和FTO蛋白是参与砷诱导细胞内m6A水平增加的主要调节酶。为了证实m6A在砷诱导tau蛋白磷酸化中的关键作用,本研究采用DAA抑制细胞内的m6A水平。结果表示,在m6A水平被明显抑制的情况下,砷处理后的tau蛋白磷酸化也显著抑制,尤其是S202+T205位点磷酸化的抑制,说明m6A水平降低能有效防止tau蛋白的过度折叠,提示降低m6A水平(m6A抑制剂、降低m6A甲基化酶或者增加m6A去甲基化酶等)可能有助于延缓砷致神经退行性疾病的发生发展。
m6A结合蛋白是m6A行使功能的必要条件[8],砷处理诱导SH-SY5Y细胞内m6A水平增加后,可能通过m6A结合蛋白来调控蛋白激酶的表达,从而影响tau蛋白的磷酸化。值得注意的是,研究发现AD患者大脑中的m6A结合蛋白——HNRNPA2B1表达增多;HNRNPA2B1可以将m6A修饰的RNA与tau蛋白连接起来,促进tau蛋白寡聚体的形成,最终导致tau蛋白聚集[16]。这说明,m6A不仅可以调控tau蛋白磷酸化,间接导致tau蛋白聚集,还可以直接诱导tau蛋白形成寡聚体。由此可见,RNA甲基化修饰与tau蛋白聚集之间的关系密切且复杂,亟待深入研究。在之后的研究中,可以从m6A结合蛋白、信号通路等方面深入探究m6A如何调控tau蛋白的磷酸化。
综上所述,本研究表明,砷可以通过增加METTL3、降低ALKBH5和FTO来增加细胞内m6A水平,进而促进tau蛋白磷酸化、促进神经原纤维缠结产生。总之,本研究建立了m6A与tau蛋白磷酸化之间的联系,丰富了AD的病理机制,也为砷在神经退行性疾病中的研究提供了新的线索。
  • 四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目(24NSFSC3231)
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2025年第52卷第3期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406423
  • 接收时间:2024-06-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-23
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四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目(24NSFSC3231)
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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