Article(id=1241023859101586175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408404, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724688000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812745117, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812745117, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812745117, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812745117, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=362, endPage=368, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023859416159004, articleId=1241023859101586175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Risk analysis of MCID of quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different multimorbidity patterns, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the risk factors for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) under different multimorbidity patterns.

Methods

AECOPD patients in five hospitals in Shanxi Province were selected from September 2021 to September 2023, and 214 patients were finally included. The minimal clinically important differences(MCID) of St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was combined to assess the HRQoL of the patients. This study started from multimorbidity (refer to ICD-10), multimorbidity patterns stratification was performed based on latent class analysis (LCA), and then ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the change of SGRQ score at 3 months after discharge of patients with different multimorbidity patterns.

Results

Patients were divided into “cardiovascular disease group” and “cor pulmonale low burden group” through potential category analysis. Ordered logistic regression results showed that at 3 months after discharge, the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high BMI (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.09-8.34, P=0.035) and patients with high direct bilirubin (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.07-8.35, P=0.037) in the cardiovascular disease group were 2.96 times higher than that of normal patients; the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high direct bilirubin (OR=3.25, 95% CI:1.35-7.97, P=0.009) and patients with low oxygen saturation (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.05-5.55, P=0.043) in the cor pulmonale low burden group were 3.25 and 2.35 times higher than those of normal patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The prognostic risk factors of AECOPD patients with different multimorbidity patterns are different, and regardless of the multimorbidity patterns, high direct bilirubin is an independent risk factor for HRQoL changes in patients with AECOPD. Moreover clinicians should closely detect in the the abnormal changes in BMI in AECOPD patients with cardiovascular disease.

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目的

研究不同共病模式下慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)变化的风险因素。

方法

纳入2021年9月—2023年9月山西省五所医院的AECOPD患者214例。结合圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)与其最小临床重要差异(MCID)评估患者的HRQoL。从共病(参考ICD-10编码)切入,基于潜在类别分析(LCA)进行共病模式分层,进而采用有序logistic回归分析不同共病模式下患者出院3个月SGRQ评分变化的风险因素。

结果

LCA将患者分为“心血管疾病组”和“肺心病低负荷组”。有序logistic回归结果显示出院3个月心血管疾病组BMI偏高(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.09~8.34,P=0.035)和直接胆红素偏高(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.07~8.35,P=0.037)患者具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性均是两指标正常患者的2.96倍;肺心病低负荷组直接胆红素偏高(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.35~7.97,P=0.009)和氧饱和度偏低(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.05~5.55,P=0.043)患者具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性分别是两指标正常患者的3.25倍和2.35倍。

结论

不同共病模式的AECOPD患者预后风险因素不同,且无论共病模式如何,直接胆红素偏高都是AECOPD患者HRQoL变化的独立危险因素。此外还应密切关注合并心血管疾病的AECOPD患者出现BMI异常变化。

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张岩波与赵卉共同通信作者;张岩波,E-mail:
赵卉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xOf7R/uF17JQ5QGlPa5cOQ==, magXml=3rMPNktZ6pjX0JP3XVgNgg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Wq2s2qYryYrs07AOhnA6NQ==, pdfFileSize=822141, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=yWsJJ0DPlxjT2zyq+A+krw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=B9yD1WfQ8MRtpXRPb8674g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

董涛(1998—),女,在读硕士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Multi-factor orderly logistic regression in the cardiovascular disease group, figureFileSmall=yYIk1hClXZAt8bd76HzLsg==, figureFileBig=8z3/SI0Ye3H9LR7zmpteNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023870178742649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=CN, label=图3, caption=心血管疾病组多因素有序logistic分析

注:调整了年龄和性别。

, figureFileSmall=yYIk1hClXZAt8bd76HzLsg==, figureFileBig=8z3/SI0Ye3H9LR7zmpteNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023870300377471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Single-factor logistic regression in the cor pulmonale low burden group, figureFileSmall=3FH8vg21Czx2yh/WiUIk6Q==, figureFileBig=SormoboIRL7lzn1i7UmAtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023870413623686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=CN, label=图4, caption=肺心病低负荷组单因素logistic分析

注:“直接胆红素”因未通过平行线检验故使用无序多分类logistics回归进行分析。以“好转”为参考。

, figureFileSmall=3FH8vg21Czx2yh/WiUIk6Q==, figureFileBig=SormoboIRL7lzn1i7UmAtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023870547841419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Multi-factor orderly logistic regression in the cor pulmonale low burden group, figureFileSmall=gxWDVMiennHtv997HAqGhw==, figureFileBig=0Iy1qqV3TjYgYHeiBt3Zdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872036819344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=CN, label=图5, caption=肺心病低负荷组多因素有序logistic分析

注:调整了年龄和性别。

, figureFileSmall=gxWDVMiennHtv997HAqGhw==, figureFileBig=0Iy1qqV3TjYgYHeiBt3Zdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872129094037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Threshold for the division of clinical examination indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏低正常偏高
BMI(kg/m2<18.518.5~24>24
收缩压(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)≤8990~139≥140
舒张压(mm Hg)≤5960~89≥90
C-反应蛋白(mg/L)-0~6>6
钾离子(mmol/L)<3.53.5~5.3>5.3
氯离子(mmol/L)<9999~110>110
淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)<1.81.8~6.3>6.3
直接胆红素(μmol/L)-≤4>4
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)<1313~35>35
氧饱和度(%)<9595~99>99
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)<3535~48>48
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872212980120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

临床检查指标划分阈值

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偏低正常偏高
BMI(kg/m2<18.518.5~24>24
收缩压(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)≤8990~139≥140
舒张压(mm Hg)≤5960~89≥90
C-反应蛋白(mg/L)-0~6>6
钾离子(mmol/L)<3.53.5~5.3>5.3
氯离子(mmol/L)<9999~110>110
淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)<1.81.8~6.3>6.3
直接胆红素(μmol/L)-≤4>4
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)<1313~35>35
氧饱和度(%)<9595~99>99
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)<3535~48>48
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872326226333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of baseline data between the cor pulmonale low burden group and the cardiovascular disease group

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全人群
(n=214)
肺心病低负荷组
(n=139)
心血管疾病组
(n=75)
统计量
χ2/F
P
性别0.5560.456
177(82.71%)113(81.29%)64(85.33%)
37(17.30%)26(18.71%)11(14.67%)
年龄(岁)67.46 ± 9.7966.61 ± 9.7269.03 ± 9.782.9940.085
BMI(kg/m23.5950.166
偏低35(16.36%)27(19.42%)8(10.67%)
正常104(48.60%)68(48.92%)36(48.00%)
偏高75(35.05%)44(31.65%)31(41.33%)
职业2.870.238
农民67(31.31%)49(35.25%)18(24.00%)
退休人员108(50.47%)66(47.48%)42(56.00%)
其他39(18.22%)24(17.27%)15(20.00%)
婚姻状态2.7940.456
未婚10(4.67%)7(5.04%)3(4.00%)
已婚183(85.51%)120(86.33%)63(84.00%)
离异4(1.87%)1(0.72%)3(4.00%)
丧偶17(7.94%)11(7.91%)6(8.00%)
住院天数(天)10.09±5.189.63±3.5110.96±7.293.2680.072
是否吸烟0.1430.705
163(76.17%)107(76.98%)56(74.67%)
51(23.83%)32(23.02%)19(25.33%)
是否饮酒0.8810.348
92(42.99%)63(45.32%)29(38.67%)
122(57.01%)76(54.68%)46(61.33%)
是否有手术史0.2650.607
75(35.05%)47(33.81%)28(37.33%)
139(64.95%)92(66.19%)47(62.67%)
共病
冠心病24(11.21%)0(0.00%)24(30.22%)50.099<0.001
高血压64(29.91%)2(1.44%)62(82.67%)153.330<0.001
糖尿病22(10.28%)7(5.04%)15(20.00%)11.827<0.001
恶性肿瘤14(6.54%)14(10.07%)0(0.00%)6.5190.011
脑梗25(11.68%)9(6.47%)16(21.33%)10.4240.001
心衰15(7.01%)7(5.04%)8(10.67%)2.3700.124
肺心病66(30.84%)41(29.50%)25(33.33%)0.3360.562
收缩压(mm Hg)9.4770.002
正常143(66.82%)103(74.10%)40(53.33%)
偏高71(33.18%)36(25.90%)35(46.67%)
舒张压(mm Hg)0.5200.859
偏低9(4.21%)5(3.60%)4(5.33%)
正常163(76.17%)105(76.26%)57(76.00%)
偏高42(19.63%)28(20.14%)14(18.67%)
C-反应蛋白(mg/L)5.2950.021
正常97(45.33%)71(51.08%)26(34.67%)
偏高117(54.67%)68(48.92%)49(65.33%)
钾离子(mmol/L)4.2510.039
偏低36(16.82%)18(12.95%)18(24.00%)
正常178(83.18%)121(87.05%)57(76.00%)
淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)0.8110.713
偏低83(38.79%)54(38.85%)29(38.67%)
正常118(55.14%)75(53.96%)43(57.33%)
偏高13(6.07%)10(7.19%)3(4.00%)
直接胆红素(μmol/L)0.0560.812
正常159(74.30%)104(74.82%)55(73.33%)
偏高55(25.70%)35(25.18%)20(26.67%)
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)0.4410.821
偏低11(5.14%)7(5.04%)4(5.33%)
正常182(85.05%)117(84.17%)65(86.67%)
偏高21(9.81%)15(10.79%)6(8.00%)
氧饱和度(%)1.5470.475
偏低141(65.89%)91(65.47%)50(66.67%)
正常70(32.71%)47(33.81%)23(30.67%)
偏高3(1.40%)1(0.72%)2(2.67%)
氯离子(mmol/L)7.2870.095
偏低33(15.42%)22(15.83%)11(14.67%)
正常174(81.31%)112(80.58%)62(82.67%)
偏高7(3.27%)5(3.60%)2(2.67%)
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)11.1230.023
偏低20(9.35%)15(10.8%)5(6.67%)
正常126(58.88%)80(57.6%)46(61.33%)
偏高68(31.78%)44(31.7%)24(32.00%)
HRQoL0.4710.790
好转122(57.01%)80(57.55%)42(56.00%)
无明显变化57(26.64%)38(27.34%)19(25.33%)
恶化35(16.36%)21(15.11%)14(18.67%)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872418501025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023859101586175, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

肺心病低负荷组和心血管疾病组的基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
全人群
(n=214)
肺心病低负荷组
(n=139)
心血管疾病组
(n=75)
统计量
χ2/F
P
性别0.5560.456
177(82.71%)113(81.29%)64(85.33%)
37(17.30%)26(18.71%)11(14.67%)
年龄(岁)67.46 ± 9.7966.61 ± 9.7269.03 ± 9.782.9940.085
BMI(kg/m23.5950.166
偏低35(16.36%)27(19.42%)8(10.67%)
正常104(48.60%)68(48.92%)36(48.00%)
偏高75(35.05%)44(31.65%)31(41.33%)
职业2.870.238
农民67(31.31%)49(35.25%)18(24.00%)
退休人员108(50.47%)66(47.48%)42(56.00%)
其他39(18.22%)24(17.27%)15(20.00%)
婚姻状态2.7940.456
未婚10(4.67%)7(5.04%)3(4.00%)
已婚183(85.51%)120(86.33%)63(84.00%)
离异4(1.87%)1(0.72%)3(4.00%)
丧偶17(7.94%)11(7.91%)6(8.00%)
住院天数(天)10.09±5.189.63±3.5110.96±7.293.2680.072
是否吸烟0.1430.705
163(76.17%)107(76.98%)56(74.67%)
51(23.83%)32(23.02%)19(25.33%)
是否饮酒0.8810.348
92(42.99%)63(45.32%)29(38.67%)
122(57.01%)76(54.68%)46(61.33%)
是否有手术史0.2650.607
75(35.05%)47(33.81%)28(37.33%)
139(64.95%)92(66.19%)47(62.67%)
共病
冠心病24(11.21%)0(0.00%)24(30.22%)50.099<0.001
高血压64(29.91%)2(1.44%)62(82.67%)153.330<0.001
糖尿病22(10.28%)7(5.04%)15(20.00%)11.827<0.001
恶性肿瘤14(6.54%)14(10.07%)0(0.00%)6.5190.011
脑梗25(11.68%)9(6.47%)16(21.33%)10.4240.001
心衰15(7.01%)7(5.04%)8(10.67%)2.3700.124
肺心病66(30.84%)41(29.50%)25(33.33%)0.3360.562
收缩压(mm Hg)9.4770.002
正常143(66.82%)103(74.10%)40(53.33%)
偏高71(33.18%)36(25.90%)35(46.67%)
舒张压(mm Hg)0.5200.859
偏低9(4.21%)5(3.60%)4(5.33%)
正常163(76.17%)105(76.26%)57(76.00%)
偏高42(19.63%)28(20.14%)14(18.67%)
C-反应蛋白(mg/L)5.2950.021
正常97(45.33%)71(51.08%)26(34.67%)
偏高117(54.67%)68(48.92%)49(65.33%)
钾离子(mmol/L)4.2510.039
偏低36(16.82%)18(12.95%)18(24.00%)
正常178(83.18%)121(87.05%)57(76.00%)
淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)0.8110.713
偏低83(38.79%)54(38.85%)29(38.67%)
正常118(55.14%)75(53.96%)43(57.33%)
偏高13(6.07%)10(7.19%)3(4.00%)
直接胆红素(μmol/L)0.0560.812
正常159(74.30%)104(74.82%)55(73.33%)
偏高55(25.70%)35(25.18%)20(26.67%)
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)0.4410.821
偏低11(5.14%)7(5.04%)4(5.33%)
正常182(85.05%)117(84.17%)65(86.67%)
偏高21(9.81%)15(10.79%)6(8.00%)
氧饱和度(%)1.5470.475
偏低141(65.89%)91(65.47%)50(66.67%)
正常70(32.71%)47(33.81%)23(30.67%)
偏高3(1.40%)1(0.72%)2(2.67%)
氯离子(mmol/L)7.2870.095
偏低33(15.42%)22(15.83%)11(14.67%)
正常174(81.31%)112(80.58%)62(82.67%)
偏高7(3.27%)5(3.60%)2(2.67%)
二氧化碳分压(mm Hg)11.1230.023
偏低20(9.35%)15(10.8%)5(6.67%)
正常126(58.88%)80(57.6%)46(61.33%)
偏高68(31.78%)44(31.7%)24(32.00%)
HRQoL0.4710.790
好转122(57.01%)80(57.55%)42(56.00%)
无明显变化57(26.64%)38(27.34%)19(25.33%)
恶化35(16.36%)21(15.11%)14(18.67%)
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董涛 1, 2, 3 , 何航帜 2, 3 , 胡晓娟 4 , 原一玮 2, 3 , 靳婕 2, 3 , 赵卉 5 , 张岩波 2, 3, 6
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(2): 362-368
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025, 52(2): 362-368
慢阻肺急性加重患者不同共病模式下生命质量MCID风险分析
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董涛1, 2, 3, 何航帜2, 3, 胡晓娟4, 原一玮2, 3, 靳婕2, 3, 赵卉5 , 张岩波2, 3, 6
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学医学科学院,山西 太原 030001
  • 2.山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室
  • 3.重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室
  • 4.山西医科大学管理学院医学信息技术教研室
  • 5.山西医科大学第二医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 6.山西医科大学
  • 董涛(1998—),女,在读硕士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

通讯作者:

张岩波与赵卉共同通信作者;张岩波,E-mail:
赵卉,E-mail:
Risk analysis of MCID of quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different multimorbidity patterns
Tao DONG1, 2, 3, Hang-zhi HE2, 3, Xiao-juan HU4, Yi-wei YUAN2, 3, Jie JIN2, 3, Hui ZHAO5 , Yan-bo ZHANG2, 3, 6
Affiliations
  • Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408404
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目的

研究不同共病模式下慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)变化的风险因素。

方法

纳入2021年9月—2023年9月山西省五所医院的AECOPD患者214例。结合圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)与其最小临床重要差异(MCID)评估患者的HRQoL。从共病(参考ICD-10编码)切入,基于潜在类别分析(LCA)进行共病模式分层,进而采用有序logistic回归分析不同共病模式下患者出院3个月SGRQ评分变化的风险因素。

结果

LCA将患者分为“心血管疾病组”和“肺心病低负荷组”。有序logistic回归结果显示出院3个月心血管疾病组BMI偏高(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.09~8.34,P=0.035)和直接胆红素偏高(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.07~8.35,P=0.037)患者具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性均是两指标正常患者的2.96倍;肺心病低负荷组直接胆红素偏高(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.35~7.97,P=0.009)和氧饱和度偏低(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.05~5.55,P=0.043)患者具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性分别是两指标正常患者的3.25倍和2.35倍。

结论

不同共病模式的AECOPD患者预后风险因素不同,且无论共病模式如何,直接胆红素偏高都是AECOPD患者HRQoL变化的独立危险因素。此外还应密切关注合并心血管疾病的AECOPD患者出现BMI异常变化。

共病模式  /  慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重  /  健康相关生命质量  /  最小临床重要差异  /  潜在类别分析  /  有序logistic回归
Objective

To study the risk factors for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) under different multimorbidity patterns.

Methods

AECOPD patients in five hospitals in Shanxi Province were selected from September 2021 to September 2023, and 214 patients were finally included. The minimal clinically important differences(MCID) of St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was combined to assess the HRQoL of the patients. This study started from multimorbidity (refer to ICD-10), multimorbidity patterns stratification was performed based on latent class analysis (LCA), and then ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the change of SGRQ score at 3 months after discharge of patients with different multimorbidity patterns.

Results

Patients were divided into “cardiovascular disease group” and “cor pulmonale low burden group” through potential category analysis. Ordered logistic regression results showed that at 3 months after discharge, the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high BMI (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.09-8.34, P=0.035) and patients with high direct bilirubin (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.07-8.35, P=0.037) in the cardiovascular disease group were 2.96 times higher than that of normal patients; the probability of clinically significant increased in SGRQ in patients with high direct bilirubin (OR=3.25, 95% CI:1.35-7.97, P=0.009) and patients with low oxygen saturation (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.05-5.55, P=0.043) in the cor pulmonale low burden group were 3.25 and 2.35 times higher than those of normal patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The prognostic risk factors of AECOPD patients with different multimorbidity patterns are different, and regardless of the multimorbidity patterns, high direct bilirubin is an independent risk factor for HRQoL changes in patients with AECOPD. Moreover clinicians should closely detect in the the abnormal changes in BMI in AECOPD patients with cardiovascular disease.

Multimorbidity pattern  /  Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Health-related quality of life  /  Minimal clinically important differences  /  Latent class analysis  /  Ordered logistic regression analysis
董涛, 何航帜, 胡晓娟, 原一玮, 靳婕, 赵卉, 张岩波. 慢阻肺急性加重患者不同共病模式下生命质量MCID风险分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 362 -368 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408404
Tao DONG, Hang-zhi HE, Xiao-juan HU, Yi-wei YUAN, Jie JIN, Hui ZHAO, Yan-bo ZHANG. Risk analysis of MCID of quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different multimorbidity patterns[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 362 -368 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408404
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种复杂、异质性和多系统气道阻塞性疾病,其特点是患病率高、致残率高和死亡率高[1]。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)是COPD患者住院和死亡的主要原因,也是医疗系统的重要经济负担[2]。有调查显示AECOPD患者平均患有五种共病[3],且共病模式与患者发生再住院和死亡等的不良预后有关[3-4]。虽然大多数AECOPD患者都伴有共病,但目前的临床指南对不同共病模式下患者临床特征差异的关注仍较为有限[3]
健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life,HRQoL)是评估患者自我感知健康状况的指标[5]。除再住院和死亡外,HRQoL也被认为是AECOPD患者的重要结局[6]。圣乔治呼吸问卷[7](St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire,SGRQ)是COPD患者报告HRQoL的常用工具,最小临床重要差异(minimal clinically important differences,MCID)是定义和解释量表评分变化的参数[8]。近年来已有许多研究者结合SGRQ和MCID来探讨COPD患者的预后问题[9-11]。利用SGRQ的MCID最新预后研究显示气流受限、社会经济地位、抑郁等都与COPD患者的HRQoL有关[10-11]。然而这些研究未充分考虑患者的异质性特征。本研究从共病角度出发,识别患者群体中不同的共病模式,进而结合SGRQ的MCID,研究不同共病模式下影响AECOPD患者HRQoL变化的风险因素,以期为管理和改善不同共病模式的AECOPD患者HRQoL提供思路与方向。
选取了2021年9月—2023年9月山西医科大学第二附属医院,偏关医院、晋城大医院、古交医院、山西省人民医院就诊并被诊断为AECOPD的267例患者。本研究经山西医科大学医学伦理委员会审查批准,批准号为(2022)YX第(123)号,并在中国临床试验注册中心注册,注册号为ChiCTR2200064900。
纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁的患者;(2)临床医师根据COPD临床指南诊断为AECOPD的患者;(3)自愿参加并签署知情同意书的患者。排除标准:(1)临床病历资料缺失超50%[12]和缺失共病资料的患者;(2)失访患者;(3)由于语言、智力障碍等多种原因导致不能理解或不能完成问卷的患者。本研究最终纳入214例患者,样本量符合10EPV原则。
经过统一培训的调查员通过与患者面对面咨询及电话随访等方式进行调查。调查内容包括患者的HRQoL、共病和临床病历资料。共病情况参照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本》(ICD-10)进行规定。
患者的HRQoL由SGRQ进行评估,将量表评分转换为百分制,分数越低,表明健康状况较好[7]。SGRQ的MCID为4分[9],因此将患者出院后3个月SGRQ评分较出院时升高4分及以上定义为恶化,降低4分及以上定义为好转,其余为无明显变化。
使用R 4.3.1进行数据分析。考虑到共病资料为分类资料且与分层聚类和K-means聚类等传统的聚类分析相比,潜在类别分析(Latent Class Analysis, LCA)是一种更稳健的聚类方法[13],因此本研究从共病切入,采用LCA对目标群体进行同质化分层(只考虑非呼吸系统且患病率大于5%的疾病)。使用poLCA包进行LCA,使用最大似然估计确定2到7个聚类,并进行100次迭代。最后,利用赤池信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian Information Criterion,BIC)和χ2统计量,确定最优的潜在簇数量。
本研究的结局为有序多分类指标,因此采用有序logistic回归分析患者出院后3个月HRQoL的变化。该方法打破了二元回归分析的局限,进行多分类变量分析,同时可以根据实际情况控制患者年龄和性别等基本特征进行分析[14]。各临床检查指标划分阈值见表1,其缺失比例超过30%的指标被排除,缺失低于30%的使用随机森林算法的“missForest”包进行缺失填补[15]。将性别为男和各检查指标正常设置为参考。进行单因素和多因素分析前均先进行“平行线检验”,未通过则使用无序多分类logistic回归分析。
使用SPSS 27进行描述性分析,连续变量以描述,分类变量以n(%)描述。组间差异分析采用方差分析和卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究调查的患者平均年龄为67.46岁,其中男性有177人占82.71%,有76.17%的患者吸烟,大部分患者是退休人员。有57.01%的患者出院后3个月HRQoL发生好转,16.36%的患者发生了恶化(见表2)。
最终将冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、癌症、脑梗塞、心力衰竭、肺心病纳入模型,分别有75例(35.05%)和139例(64.95%)患者被分配到组1和组2(如图1)。两种共病模式的组内患病率有明显的差距,组1中高血压、冠心病、脑梗死和糖尿病的组内患病率远高于组2,其中高血压的组内患病率最高。组2肺心病的组内患病率最高。因此我们将组1命名为“心血管疾病组”,组2命名为“肺心病低负荷组”。
除LCA中使用的共病变量外收缩压、C-反应蛋白、钾离子和二氧化碳分压在聚类间也具有较高的区分性(P<0.05)。相比于肺心病低负荷组,心血管疾病组中收缩压偏高、C-反应蛋白偏高和血钾偏低的患者比例较高,二氧化碳分压偏低的患者比例较低,见表2
心血管疾病组中单因素分析结果显示所有因素均通过平行性检验(P>0.05)。控制患者年龄和性别的基本特征后,将单因素分析结果(如图2)中有意义的指标(BMI偏高、直接胆红素偏高)纳入多因素有序logistics回归分析患者出院后3个月SGRQ评分变化。通过平行线检验(P=0.82>0.05)。结果显示BMI偏高和直接胆红素偏高是患者出院后3个月HRQoL的独立危险因素,其中BMI偏高的患者出院3个月具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性大约是BMI正常患者的2.96倍(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.09~8.34,P=0.035);直接胆红素偏高的患者出院3个月具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性大约是正常患者的2.96倍(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.07~8.35,P=0.037)(如图3)。
肺心病低负荷组单因素分析中除直接胆红素外其余因素均通过平行线检验(P>0.05),单因素无序多分类logistic回归结果显示直接胆红素偏高与患者出院后3个月HRQoL恶化相关(P<0.001)。控制患者年龄和性别的基本特征后,将单因素分析结果(如图4)中有意义的指标(淋巴细胞计数偏低、氧饱和度偏低、二氧化碳分压偏高、氯离子偏低、直接胆红素偏高)纳入多因素分析。平行线检验(P=0.16>0.05)显示可以进行无序多分类logistic回归分析患者出院后3个月SGRQ评分变化。结果显示直接胆红素偏高和氧饱和度偏低是患者出院后3个月HRQoL的独立危险因素,其中直接胆红素偏高患者出院3个月具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性大约是正常患者的3.25倍(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.35~7.97,P=0.009);氧饱和度偏低患者出院3个月具有临床意义的SGRQ评分升高的可能性大约是正常患者的2.35倍(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.05~5.55,P=0.043)(如图5)。
大多数COPD患者死于非呼吸系统疾病(心血管、癌症等共病)[3],本研究亮点之一是从共病切入,使用LCA将患者分为两个临床异质性亚组:心血管疾病组和肺心病低负荷组。两组共病的组内患病率有明显的差距,心血管疾病组中高血压、冠心病、脑梗死和糖尿病的组内患病率远高于肺心病低负荷组,其中组内患病率最高的是高血压。相比于肺心病低负荷组,心血管疾病组收缩压偏高、C-反应蛋白偏高和血钾偏低的患者比例较高,二氧化碳分压偏低的患者比例较低。
GOLD2024指出现在人们已认识到AECOPD对患者的影响不仅只有呼吸困难,建议使用多维度问卷[16]。本研究使用SGRQ结合MCID值来更全面的评估患者的预后情况。在控制年龄和性别的基本特征后,多因素有序logistics回归分析显示患者出院3个月后,心血管疾病组BMI偏高和直接胆红素偏高患者SGRQ评分升高的可能性均是正常患者的2.96倍;肺心病低负荷组直接胆红素偏高和氧饱和度偏低患者SGRQ评分升高的可能性分别是正常患者的3.25倍和2.35倍。
值得注意是,有研究表明共病风险随BMI的增加呈线性增长[17],且肥胖还是心血管疾病的不良预后的独立危险因素[18]。共病与AECOPD患者发生急性加重、再住院和死亡等的不良预后有关[3]。另有研究表明是体重不足可能会增加患COPD的风险;超重和肥胖可能会降低患COPD的风险[19]。本研究结果显示BMI偏高会降低心血管疾病组AECOPD患者的HRQoL,他们之间相互影响的机制还需进一步研究,尤其需要注意肥胖对于合并心血管疾病的AECOPD患者的影响。胆红素是具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗自由基等多种功能内源性强抗氧化剂[20]。而氧化应激是AECOPD主要的发病机制之一[16]。胆红素能抑制肺部炎症和氧化应激反应,从而具有保护肺组织的作用[21]。有研究表明正常范围内的胆红素水平越高,对机体的保护越强[21],但若胆红素水平远高于正常,患者的死亡风险也随之增高[22],本研究也表明不论共病模式如何,直接胆红素偏高都是AECOPD患者HRQoL变化的独立危险因素,提示医生和患者需注意直接胆红素指标的异常变化。陈妙等人的研究表明氧饱和度偏低与AECOPD 患者的预后较差相关[23],对于严重低氧血症的AECOPD患者,持续氧疗能够明显增加患者的寿命[24]
本研究为预后风险因素的关联性研究,可能会受到其他未测量混杂因素的影响。今后会拓展纳入因果推断方法,验证并更新当前结果。研究对象来自于5所不同等级的医院,但是受到新冠疫情的影响,纳入的AECOPD患者样本量较为有限。由于研究成本的限制,研究对象均来源于山西省,使研究结果不可避免地包含一定的地域特征。未来将继续扩大样本量及样本来源进行验证并进一步提高研究结果的泛化性。
心血管疾病组中,收缩压偏高,C-反应蛋白偏高和血钾偏低的患者比例要高于肺心病低负荷组,二氧化碳分压偏低的患者比例要低于肺心病低负荷组。无论共病模式如何直接胆红素偏高患者出院后3个月HRQoL倾向恶化的可能性大约是直接胆红素正常患者的3倍左右,且不同共病模式下AECOPD患者出院3个月HRQoL变化的风险因素也不尽相同,还应密切关注合并心血管疾病的AECOPD患者出现BMI异常变化。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82173631)
  • 山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-109)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408404
  • 接收时间:2024-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27
基金
国家自然科学基金(82173631)
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-109)
作者信息
    1.山西医科大学医学科学院,山西 太原 030001
    2.山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室
    3.重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室
    4.山西医科大学管理学院医学信息技术教研室
    5.山西医科大学第二医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    6.山西医科大学

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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