Article(id=1241023857759408850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409330, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744797, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744797, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744797, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=336, endPage=341, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023859843978042, articleId=1241023857759408850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects and mechanisms between chronic pain and depression for middle-aged and older adults, China, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effects and mechanisms between chronic pain and depression in middle-aged and older adults in China, and to provide reference for promoting pain management and improving interventions.

Methods

13,253 middle-aged and older adults from the fifth issue of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Propensity score matching method, logit model, OLS regression and Bootstrap mediation test were used to explain the mediating effects of subjective life expectancy (SLE), sleep duration and Internet use between chronic pain and depression and the moderating role of social participation.

Results

The overall effect size of chronic pain on depression was 0.876 (95%CI=0.781-0.972), with a direct effect of 0.745 (95%CI=0.668-0.822), accounting for 85.05%, and an indirect effect of 0.131 (95%CI=0.094-0.169), accounting for 14.95%. The mediating effects of SLE, sleep duration, and Internet use were 0.087 (95%CI=0.071-0.103), 0.093 (95%CI=0.066-0.121), and -0.049 (95%CI=-0.085--0.013), representing 9.93%, 10.62%, and -5.60% of the total effect respectively. Social participation negatively moderated the relationship between chronic pain and depression(β=-0.095,95%CI=-0.186--0.004).

Conclusion

Chronic pain not only directly exacerbates depression in middle-aged and older adults but also indirectly worsens depression through SLE and sleep duration. However, Internet use and social participation can have compensatory and alleviating effects. It is recommended that physical and psychological therapies be emphasized and applied simultaneously, with special attention given to key populations such as women, rural dwellers, and chronic patients. Additionally, “Internet plus healthcare” and grassroots communities should be utilized to enhance pain management and intervention for middle-aged and older adults.

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目的

探讨慢性疼痛对我国中老年人抑郁的影响与机制,为促进中老年人疼痛管理和完善制定干预措施提供参考。

方法

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查第五期数据中13 253名中老年人作为研究对象,运用倾向得分匹配法、logit模型、OLS回归和Bootstrap法解释主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用对慢性疼痛影响抑郁的中介效应以及社会参与的调节作用。

结果

慢性疼痛对抑郁的总效应量为0.876(95%CI=0.781~0.972),直接效应为0.745(95%CI=0.668~0.822)占85.05%,间接效应为0.131(95%CI=0.094~0.169)占14.95%。主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用的中介效应量分别为0.087(95%CI=0.071~0.103)、0.093(95%CI=0.066~0.121)、-0.049(-0.085~-0.013),占总效应的9.93%、10.62%、-5.60%。社会参与负向调节慢性疼痛与抑郁的关系(β=-0.095,95%CI=-0.186~-0.004)。

结论

慢性疼痛不仅直接影响抑郁,还通过主观预期寿命和睡眠时间间接加剧抑郁,但互联网使用和社会参与能够起到补偿和缓解效果,建议依托“互联网+医疗健康”和基层社区,关注女性、农村、慢性病等重点人群,兼顾物理疗法与心理疗法,强化中老年疼痛管理和干预。

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那林格,E-mail:
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郭胜鹏(1997—),男,博士在读,研究方向:互联网医疗与老年健康

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The impact of Internet use on depression symptoms among older adults:the mediating role of social networks and the moderating role of urban-rural disparity, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023867628605693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, awardId=2021MS07027, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS07027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023861307790287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861316178897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, companyId=1241023861307790287, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861324567507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, companyId=1241023861307790287, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京 100872)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241023861408453596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861429425119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, companyId=1241023861408453596, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.内蒙古医科大学卫生管理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023864705175703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Between-group equilibrium test, figureFileSmall=85/WFJcsTp/7iPWR9JsubA==, figureFileBig=AIhb3oMpHVDHMUFBAzYWBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023864805839010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=CN, label=图1, caption=组间均衡性检验, figureFileSmall=85/WFJcsTp/7iPWR9JsubA==, figureFileBig=AIhb3oMpHVDHMUFBAzYWBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023865049108663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Logit and OLS estimation results weighted with samples from kernel matching outcomes, figureFileSmall=YwNIp7R533jYRfOW/cdRpA==, figureFileBig=7CKHYSLo53xFTDzS3rmIpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023865137189053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于核匹配结果对样本加权下的logit和OLS估计结果

注:括号内为标准误。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=YwNIp7R533jYRfOW/cdRpA==, figureFileBig=7CKHYSLo53xFTDzS3rmIpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023865233658052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information on survey respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量赋值人数(%)/
性别女=06 529(49.26)
男=16 724(50.74)
居住地农村=08 287(62.53)
城镇=14 966(37.47)
文化程度文盲=12 232(16.84)
小学=25 608(42.31)
初中=33 415(25.77)
高中及以上=41 998(15.08)
婚姻状况未婚=01 704(12.86)
已婚=111 549(87.14)
工作状况未在业=04 381(33.06)
在业=18 872(66.94)
子女数量无子女=0185(1.39)
1个=12 742(20.69)
2个=25 652(42.65)
3个及以上=34 674(35.27)
是否吸烟否=09 599(72.43)
是=13 654(27.57)
是否喝酒否=08 066(60.86)
是=15 187(39.14)
患有慢性病否=08 401(63.39)
是=14 852(36.61)
有跌倒经历否=011 191(84.44)
是=12 062(15.56)
遭受重大意外伤害否=012 897(97.31)
是=1356(2.69)
年龄(岁)受访者实际年龄,取值范围为[45,98]60.314±8.962
独居状况(对数天)一年中独居天数的对数,取值范围为[0,5.209]0.894±1.778
经济状况(对数元)家庭人均月消费金额的对数,取值范围为[0,10.714]6.340±0.991
ADL(分)日常生活活动能力得分,取值范围为[6,24]6.464±1.416
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865367875789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称变量赋值人数(%)/
性别女=06 529(49.26)
男=16 724(50.74)
居住地农村=08 287(62.53)
城镇=14 966(37.47)
文化程度文盲=12 232(16.84)
小学=25 608(42.31)
初中=33 415(25.77)
高中及以上=41 998(15.08)
婚姻状况未婚=01 704(12.86)
已婚=111 549(87.14)
工作状况未在业=04 381(33.06)
在业=18 872(66.94)
子女数量无子女=0185(1.39)
1个=12 742(20.69)
2个=25 652(42.65)
3个及以上=34 674(35.27)
是否吸烟否=09 599(72.43)
是=13 654(27.57)
是否喝酒否=08 066(60.86)
是=15 187(39.14)
患有慢性病否=08 401(63.39)
是=14 852(36.61)
有跌倒经历否=011 191(84.44)
是=12 062(15.56)
遭受重大意外伤害否=012 897(97.31)
是=1356(2.69)
年龄(岁)受访者实际年龄,取值范围为[45,98]60.314±8.962
独居状况(对数天)一年中独居天数的对数,取值范围为[0,5.209]0.894±1.778
经济状况(对数元)家庭人均月消费金额的对数,取值范围为[0,10.714]6.340±0.991
ADL(分)日常生活活动能力得分,取值范围为[6,24]6.464±1.416
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865476927698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logit regression results with chronic pain as the dependent variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究变量BSEWald χ2OR(95%CI
性别(以女为参照)-0.698c0.049-14.180.498(0.452,0.548)
年龄-0.0020.003-0.840.998(0.993,1.003)
居住地(以农村为参照)-0.119b0.044-2.680.888(0.814,0.969)
文化程度(以高中及以上为参照)
文盲0.165a0.0752.211.180(1.019,1.366)
小学0.245c0.0594.181.278(1.139,1.433)
初中0.125a0.0602.081.133(1.007,1.274)
婚姻状况(以未婚为参照)0.1120.0661.711.119(0.983,1.272)
工作状况(以未在业为参照)0.0710.0461.541.074(0.981,1.176)
独居状况0.0200.0121.731.020(0.997,1.044)
经济状况0.0010.0210.041.001(0.961,1.043)
子女数量(以3个及以上为参照)
无子女-0.0230.163-0.140.978(0.711,1.345)
1个-0.0940.058-1.630.910(0.812,1.019)
2个0.0110.0460.251.011(0.925,1.106)
是否吸烟(以不吸烟为参照)0.0520.0481.091.054(0.959,1.158)
是否喝酒(以不喝酒为参照)-0.0210.043-0.490.979(0.901,1.065)
ADL0.353c0.02514.041.423(1.354,1.495)
患有慢性病(以无慢性病为参照)0.599c0.04015.121.821(1.685,1.968)
有跌倒经历(以无跌倒为参照)0.740c0.05912.632.097(1.869,2.352)
遭受重大意外伤害(以未遭受为参照)0.461c0.1283.611.586(1.235,2.036)
常数项-2.0260.293-6.900.132(0.074,0.234)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865565008089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

以慢性疼痛为因变量的logit回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究变量BSEWald χ2OR(95%CI
性别(以女为参照)-0.698c0.049-14.180.498(0.452,0.548)
年龄-0.0020.003-0.840.998(0.993,1.003)
居住地(以农村为参照)-0.119b0.044-2.680.888(0.814,0.969)
文化程度(以高中及以上为参照)
文盲0.165a0.0752.211.180(1.019,1.366)
小学0.245c0.0594.181.278(1.139,1.433)
初中0.125a0.0602.081.133(1.007,1.274)
婚姻状况(以未婚为参照)0.1120.0661.711.119(0.983,1.272)
工作状况(以未在业为参照)0.0710.0461.541.074(0.981,1.176)
独居状况0.0200.0121.731.020(0.997,1.044)
经济状况0.0010.0210.041.001(0.961,1.043)
子女数量(以3个及以上为参照)
无子女-0.0230.163-0.140.978(0.711,1.345)
1个-0.0940.058-1.630.910(0.812,1.019)
2个0.0110.0460.251.011(0.925,1.106)
是否吸烟(以不吸烟为参照)0.0520.0481.091.054(0.959,1.158)
是否喝酒(以不喝酒为参照)-0.0210.043-0.490.979(0.901,1.065)
ADL0.353c0.02514.041.423(1.354,1.495)
患有慢性病(以无慢性病为参照)0.599c0.04015.121.821(1.685,1.968)
有跌倒经历(以无跌倒为参照)0.740c0.05912.632.097(1.869,2.352)
遭受重大意外伤害(以未遭受为参照)0.461c0.1283.611.586(1.235,2.036)
常数项-2.0260.293-6.900.132(0.074,0.234)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865653088480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

PSM results of chronic pain on depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究变量处理组对照组平均处理效应标准误t
抑郁
k近邻匹配0.4610.2670.194c0.01216.00
卡尺匹配0.4610.2750.186c0.00920.33
核匹配0.4610.2760.185c0.00920.26
主观预期寿命
k近邻匹配2.9013.266-0.365c0.033-11.11
卡尺匹配2.9013.263-0.362c0.025-14.75
核匹配2.9013.263-0.362c0.025-14.74
睡眠时间
k近邻匹配6.0136.518-0.505c0.045-11.27
卡尺匹配6.0136.511-0.498c0.033-15.01
核匹配6.0136.511-0.498c0.033-14.98
互联网使用
k近邻匹配0.4590.4290.030b0.0092.54
卡尺匹配0.4590.4300.029b0.0102.81
核匹配0.4590.4310.028b0.0102.77
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慢性疼痛对抑郁的PSM结果

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研究变量处理组对照组平均处理效应标准误t
抑郁
k近邻匹配0.4610.2670.194c0.01216.00
卡尺匹配0.4610.2750.186c0.00920.33
核匹配0.4610.2760.185c0.00920.26
主观预期寿命
k近邻匹配2.9013.266-0.365c0.033-11.11
卡尺匹配2.9013.263-0.362c0.025-14.75
核匹配2.9013.263-0.362c0.025-14.74
睡眠时间
k近邻匹配6.0136.518-0.505c0.045-11.27
卡尺匹配6.0136.511-0.498c0.033-15.01
核匹配6.0136.511-0.498c0.033-14.98
互联网使用
k近邻匹配0.4590.4290.030b0.0092.54
卡尺匹配0.4590.4300.029b0.0102.81
核匹配0.4590.4310.028b0.0102.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865892163818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of Bootstrap mediation effect test

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效应类型效应量SE95%CI效应占比
(%)
直接效应0.745c0.039(0.668,0.822)85.05
间接效应0.131c0.019(0.094,0.169)14.95
主观预期寿命0.087c0.008(0.071,0.103)9.93
睡眠时间0.093c0.014(0.066,0.121)10.62
互联网使用-0.049b0.018(-0.085,-0.013)-5.60
总效应0.876c0.049(0.781,0.972)100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241023866055741680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857759408850, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Bootstrap中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型效应量SE95%CI效应占比
(%)
直接效应0.745c0.039(0.668,0.822)85.05
间接效应0.131c0.019(0.094,0.169)14.95
主观预期寿命0.087c0.008(0.071,0.103)9.93
睡眠时间0.093c0.014(0.066,0.121)10.62
互联网使用-0.049b0.018(-0.085,-0.013)-5.60
总效应0.876c0.049(0.781,0.972)100.00
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慢性疼痛对我国中老年人抑郁的影响与机制研究
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郭胜鹏 1 , 那林格 2
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025,52(2): 336-341
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2025, 52(2): 336-341
慢性疼痛对我国中老年人抑郁的影响与机制研究
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郭胜鹏1, 那林格2
作者信息
  • 1.中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京 100872
  • 2.内蒙古医科大学卫生管理学院
  • 郭胜鹏(1997—),男,博士在读,研究方向:互联网医疗与老年健康

通讯作者:

那林格,E-mail:
Effects and mechanisms between chronic pain and depression for middle-aged and older adults, China
Sheng-peng GUO1, Lin-ge NA2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409330
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目的

探讨慢性疼痛对我国中老年人抑郁的影响与机制,为促进中老年人疼痛管理和完善制定干预措施提供参考。

方法

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查第五期数据中13 253名中老年人作为研究对象,运用倾向得分匹配法、logit模型、OLS回归和Bootstrap法解释主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用对慢性疼痛影响抑郁的中介效应以及社会参与的调节作用。

结果

慢性疼痛对抑郁的总效应量为0.876(95%CI=0.781~0.972),直接效应为0.745(95%CI=0.668~0.822)占85.05%,间接效应为0.131(95%CI=0.094~0.169)占14.95%。主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用的中介效应量分别为0.087(95%CI=0.071~0.103)、0.093(95%CI=0.066~0.121)、-0.049(-0.085~-0.013),占总效应的9.93%、10.62%、-5.60%。社会参与负向调节慢性疼痛与抑郁的关系(β=-0.095,95%CI=-0.186~-0.004)。

结论

慢性疼痛不仅直接影响抑郁,还通过主观预期寿命和睡眠时间间接加剧抑郁,但互联网使用和社会参与能够起到补偿和缓解效果,建议依托“互联网+医疗健康”和基层社区,关注女性、农村、慢性病等重点人群,兼顾物理疗法与心理疗法,强化中老年疼痛管理和干预。

抑郁  /  慢性疼痛  /  主观预期寿命  /  睡眠时间  /  互联网使用
Objective

To explore the effects and mechanisms between chronic pain and depression in middle-aged and older adults in China, and to provide reference for promoting pain management and improving interventions.

Methods

13,253 middle-aged and older adults from the fifth issue of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Propensity score matching method, logit model, OLS regression and Bootstrap mediation test were used to explain the mediating effects of subjective life expectancy (SLE), sleep duration and Internet use between chronic pain and depression and the moderating role of social participation.

Results

The overall effect size of chronic pain on depression was 0.876 (95%CI=0.781-0.972), with a direct effect of 0.745 (95%CI=0.668-0.822), accounting for 85.05%, and an indirect effect of 0.131 (95%CI=0.094-0.169), accounting for 14.95%. The mediating effects of SLE, sleep duration, and Internet use were 0.087 (95%CI=0.071-0.103), 0.093 (95%CI=0.066-0.121), and -0.049 (95%CI=-0.085--0.013), representing 9.93%, 10.62%, and -5.60% of the total effect respectively. Social participation negatively moderated the relationship between chronic pain and depression(β=-0.095,95%CI=-0.186--0.004).

Conclusion

Chronic pain not only directly exacerbates depression in middle-aged and older adults but also indirectly worsens depression through SLE and sleep duration. However, Internet use and social participation can have compensatory and alleviating effects. It is recommended that physical and psychological therapies be emphasized and applied simultaneously, with special attention given to key populations such as women, rural dwellers, and chronic patients. Additionally, “Internet plus healthcare” and grassroots communities should be utilized to enhance pain management and intervention for middle-aged and older adults.

Depression  /  Chronic pain  /  Subjective life expectancy  /  Sleep duration  /  Internet use
郭胜鹏, 那林格. 慢性疼痛对我国中老年人抑郁的影响与机制研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 336 -341 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409330
Sheng-peng GUO, Lin-ge NA. Effects and mechanisms between chronic pain and depression for middle-aged and older adults, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 336 -341 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409330
慢性疼痛是指持续或者反复发作超过3个月的疼痛。《中老年常见疼痛防治认知调研报告》显示,我国中老年人慢性疼痛高频多发但疼痛管理意识较低,因疼痛影响日常生活的高达45.5%,患有至少2种慢性疼痛的高达56.6%,疼痛发生后选择独自忍痛的高达48.4%[1]。现有研究多探究疼痛强度、疼痛失能、疼痛年限和疼痛部位数量对抑郁的直接影响[2-5],慢性疼痛影响抑郁的作用机制还需进一步探讨。研究表明,由于主观疼痛体验和生活质量降低,慢性疼痛患者往往会诱发睡眠不足、精神焦虑和抱怨生活等问题,进而损害心理健康[6-7]。中老年人疼痛管理的意识和技能较为不足,可能更容易因慢性疼痛对未来生活和自身健康丧失信心,进而降低主观预期寿命,生理方面睡眠不佳以及心理方面生活无望导致抑郁加剧。然而,随着智能手机适老化和互联网医疗服务的完善发展,患有慢性疼痛的中老年人可能会借助互联网使用寻求专业护理、情感慰藉和社会支持并学习健康知识,通过更加积极主动的疼痛管理减少身心伤害[8]。因此,本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查第五期数据,综合运用倾向得分匹配法、logit模型、OLS回归和Bootstrap法探究慢性疼痛对中老年人抑郁的直接影响,并探究主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用的中介效应以及社会参与的调节作用,为促进中老年人疼痛管理和完善制定干预措施提供参考。
本研究使用中国健康与养老追踪调查第五期(2020年)数据,调查具有严谨科学的问卷设计、抽样方案和质量控制,并经过北京大学伦理审查委员会批准[9]。对19 367份原始数据进行清洗处理,筛除年龄不足45岁以及抑郁、睡眠时间等关键变量回答不知道、不完整或完全缺失的样本后,共获得13 253份有效样本。
(1)因变量:采用流调中心抑郁量表(CESD-10)测量抑郁,将积极题项反向计分后,得分取值范围为0~30分,将得分≧10分的定义为抑郁。(2)中介变量:采用受访者设想活到某一目标年龄的可能性测量主观预期寿命,1~5分依次表示几乎不可能、不太可能、有可能、很可能、简直一定;询问受访者“平均每天晚上真正睡着的时间大约是几小时”测量睡眠时间;询问受访者“您是否上网,包括用手机网络聊天、看新闻、看视频、玩游戏、理财等”测量互联网使用。(3)自变量:询问受访者“是否经常因为疼痛而难受”测量慢性疼痛,回答“完全没有”表示无,回答“有一点”“有一些”“比较多”或“非常多”表示有。(4)调节变量:采用受访者回答参与社交活动的种类测量社会参与,包括串门、下棋、跳舞、参加志愿者活动等共8种活动,得分取值范围为0~8分。(5)控制变量:性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、工作状况、独居状况、经济状况、子女数量、烟酒摄入、日常生活活动能力(ADL)、是否患有慢性病、是否有跌倒经历、是否遭受重大意外伤害,共计14项,变量赋值见表1。其中,ADL量表询问受访者穿衣、洗澡、上下床、上厕所、做家务和做饭共6项活动的自理情况,1~4分依次表示没有困难、有困难但可以完成、有困难需要帮助、无法完成,得分取值范围为6~24分,得分越高日常生活活动能力越低。
首先以慢性疼痛为因变量对性别等控制变量进行logit回归分析,探究中老年人慢性疼痛的影响因素。其次,以有慢性疼痛作为处理组,以无慢性疼痛作为对照组构建反事实框架,以14项控制变量为匹配变量,利用得分倾向匹配法进行样本匹配并估计平均处理效应,解决遗漏重要变量和互为因果等带来的内生性问题,探究慢性疼痛对抑郁的直接影响;然后,利用PSM-Logit回归分析慢性疼痛与抑郁和互联网使用的关系,利用PSM-OLS回归分析慢性疼痛与主观预期寿命和睡眠时间的关系,利用Bootstrap法探究主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用的中介效应是否存在并计算效应量,即检验慢性疼痛对中介变量的回归系数与中介变量对抑郁的回归系数的乘积是否具有统计学意义;最后,添加慢性疼痛和社会参与的交互项,利用PSM-Logit和分组回归分析探究社会参与对慢性疼痛与抑郁关系的调节作用。
使用Stata 16.0进行描述性统计分析,计数资料采用频数和构成比表示,计量资料采用均值和标准差()表示。使用Stata的Bootstrap命令进行中介效应检验。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入13 253名研究对象,其中7 671名(57.88%)有慢性疼痛为处理组,5 582名(42.12%)无慢性疼痛为对照组,4 725名(35.65%)抑郁症状呈阳性,4 242名(47.10%)使用互联网,主观预期寿命均值为(3.108±1.213)分,睡眠时间均值为(6.247±1.643)小时/天,社会参与均值为(0.869±1.073)项。处理组有3 533名(46.06%)抑郁症状呈阳性,对照组有1 192名(21.35%)抑郁症状呈阳性,处理组发生抑郁的概率是对照组的2.156倍。控制变量情况见表1
本研究以慢性疼痛为因变量对性别等共14项控制变量进行logit回归分析,发现性别、居住地、文化程度、ADL、患有慢性病、有跌倒经历和遭受重大意外伤害是慢性疼痛的影响因素(P<0.05),即女性、居住在农村、较低文化程度、较低日常生活活动能力、患有慢性病、有跌倒经历和遭遇重大意外伤害的中老年人更可能患有慢性疼痛,见表2
为论证匹配结果的可靠性,本研究展示以抑郁为结果变量的核匹配结果,见图1。组间均衡性检验显示,匹配前除年龄、独居状况、子女数量、工作状况外,其余匹配变量的标准化差距均在5%及以外,匹配后所有变量均位于5%以内,说明匹配结果较好地平衡了数据。匹配后各匹配方法下样本数量均无损失,处理组为7 671名有慢性疼痛的中老年人,对照组为5 582名无慢性疼痛的中老年人。
比较处理组与对照组的核匹配估计结果,发现慢性疼痛会导致中老年人抑郁概率增加18.5%,主观预期寿命降低0.362分,睡眠时间减少0.498小时/天,互联网使用概率增加2.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。更换匹配方法后估计结果依然稳健,见表3。因此,慢性疼痛显著负向预测主观预期寿命和睡眠时间,但显著正向预测抑郁和互联网使用。
基于核匹配的匹配结果对研究样本进行加权,利用logit模型分析探究慢性疼痛与抑郁和互联网使用的关系,利用OLS回归探究慢性疼痛与主观预期寿命和睡眠时间的关系。结果显示,慢性疼痛显著负向预测主观预期寿命(β=-0.360,SE=0.025)、睡眠时间(β=-0.493,SE=0.036),但显著正向预测抑郁(β=0.788,SE=0.066)、互联网使用(β=0.161,SE=0.052);主观预期寿命(β=-0.259,SE=0.028)、睡眠时间(β=-0.173,SE=0.021)、互联网使用(β=-0.263,SE=0.077)显著负向预测抑郁,见图2
通过Bootstrap中介检验发现,慢性疼痛对抑郁的总效应量为0.876(95%CI=0.781~0.972),直接效应为0.745(95%CI=0.668~0.822)占85.05%,间接效应为0.131(95%CI=0.094~0.169)占14.95%。主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用的中介效应量分别为0.087(95%CI=0.071~0.103)、0.093(95%CI=0.066~0.121)、-0.049(-0.085~-0.013),占总效应的9.93%、10.62%、-5.60%。由于直接效应、间接效应以及所有中介路径的95%置信区间均不包括0且在0.01水平显著,说明主观预期寿命、睡眠时间和互联网使用对慢性疼痛和抑郁的关系起部分中介作用,即慢性疼痛会通过降低主观预期寿命、减少睡眠时间增加抑郁概率,但会通过增加互联网使用减少抑郁概率,进而部分补偿慢性疼痛对抑郁的负面伤害,见表4
在慢性疼痛对抑郁的logit模型基础上,添加慢性疼痛与社会参与的交互项,探究社会参与对慢性疼痛与抑郁关系的调节作用。结果显示,慢性疼痛与社会参与的交互项和抑郁显著负相关(β=-0.095,95%CI=-0.186~-0.004),可见社会参与负向调节慢性疼痛与抑郁的关系,见图2。将研究样本划分为无社会参与组(社会参与=0)和有社会参与组(社会参与>0)后进行分组回归,虽然两组慢性疼痛与抑郁均在0.001水平呈显著负相关,但是随着疼痛程度增加,有社会参与组抑郁程度的增加速率(β=0.884,95%CI=0.790~0.978)慢于无社会参与组(β=0.952,95%CI=0.822~-1.081),即社会参与水平越高,中老年人遭受因慢性疼痛而带来的抑郁伤害越小。
本研究显示,样本中有57.88%患有慢性疼痛,可见我国中老年人慢性疼痛较为普遍,与宋晓薇等[10]67.27%以及裴莹莹等[11]53.2%的慢性疼痛检出率较为接近。Logit回归分析显示,性别、居住地、文化程度、ADL、患有慢性病、有跌倒经历和遭受重大意外伤害是慢性疼痛的影响因素,即女性、居住在农村、较低文化程度、较低日常生活活动能力、患有慢性病、有跌倒经历和遭遇重大意外伤害的中老年人更可能患有慢性疼痛,可见不同人口学特征的中老年人,慢性疼痛检出率存在统计学差异。因此,建议强化女性、农村、慢性病等重点人群的早发现、早诊断、早治疗,在重点地区围绕重点人群做好疼痛管理在学科建设、人才培养和服务供给等方面的条件保障。
本研究发现,慢性疼痛不仅对抑郁有直接影响,还通过主观预期寿命和睡眠时间对抑郁有间接影响,这与Alhalal等[7]和宋晓薇等[10]研究结果一致。从生理角度看,慢性疼痛不仅会阻碍中老年人身体机能和活动的正常表达,降低其生活质量[3],还与抑郁存在一定基因重叠和共享病理机制,譬如神经递质减少和炎症机制等,因此两者多呈共病态势[12];从心理角度看,慢性疼痛带来的主观体验、恐惧感和灾难化会使中老年人情绪失调、紧张焦虑和无助绝望[13-14],生活信心下降以及容易诱发睡眠障碍导致主观预期寿命和睡眠时间降低[15],进而加剧抑郁风险。因此,疼痛管理要兼顾筋针疗法、耳穴压丸疗法等物理疗法与叙事疗法、音乐疗法等心理疗法,综合生理和心理双重视角制定干预方案。
中介效应检验显示,慢性疼痛能够通过促进互联网使用降低抑郁程度,可能是慢性疼痛带来的身体不适会激发中老年人利用互联网查阅应对措施、求医问诊以及情感表达,促进医疗卫生服务利用[16]以及寻求社会网络支持[17],从而尽可能地补偿因慢性疼痛所带来的身心伤害。调节效应分析显示,社会参与负向调节慢性疼痛与抑郁之间的关系,可能是社会参与越丰富,中老年人获得的情感鼓励和信息支持就越多,进行疼痛管理的主动性、专业性和有效性就越好,从而缓解因慢性疼痛而带来的抑郁风险。因此,建议依托“互联网+医疗健康”和基层社区,一方面家庭医生采取数智化技术手段进行筛查跟踪和健康教育,另一方面社区工作者做好宣传教育和情感抚慰,呼吁中老年人主动持续参与疼痛管理。
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS07027)
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2025年第52卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409330
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
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内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS07027)
作者信息
    1.中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京 100872
    2.内蒙古医科大学卫生管理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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