Article(id=1241023857625199097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409493, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744765, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744765, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744765, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=240, endPage=245, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023859898511990, articleId=1241023857625199097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly: a chain mediated effect of dietary diversity and life satisfaction, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression level in elderly people.

Methods

This article used the 2018 data from the Chinese Elderly Health Longevity Factors Survey (CLHLS) to select 10 148 eligible research subjects. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between oral hygiene behavior, dietary diversity, life satisfaction, and depression levels in the elderly. The Process4.1 plugin model in SPSS was used to analyze the mediating role of dietary diversity and life satisfaction between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly.

Results

The direct impact of oral hygiene behavior on depression levels in the elderly was significant (β=-0.206,P<0.01); Dietary diversity and life satisfaction significantly affected the level of depression in elderly people (β=-0.270, P<0.01); (β=-2.992,P<0.01); The mediating effects of dietary diversity and life satisfaction on the relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in elderly individuals were-0.069 (95%CI:-0.088 - -0.051) and -0.099 (95%CI:-0.145 - -0.055), respectively, with a chain mediation effect of -0.060 (95%CI:-0.071 - -0.049).

Conclusion

Dietary diversity and life satisfaction have a mediating effect between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly, and there is a chain mediating effect between dietary diversity and life satisfaction and depression levels in the elderly.

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目的

探究老年人口腔卫生行为与抑郁水平之间的关系。

方法

本文运用中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)2018年数据,筛选出符合标准的研究对象10 148人,运用Pearson相关性分析探究口腔卫生行为、膳食多样性、生活满意度和老年人抑郁水平的相关性,使用SPSS中Process 4.1插件模型6分析膳食多样性、生活满意度在口腔卫生行为和老年人抑郁水平间的中介作用。

结果

口腔卫生行为对老年人抑郁水平的直接影响显著(β=-0.206,P<0.01);膳食多样性和生活满意度显著影响老年人抑郁水平(β=-0.270,P<0.01;β=-2.992,P<0.01);膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的中介效应分别为-0.069 (95%CI:-0.088~-0.051)和-0.099 (95%CI:-0.145~-0.055),链式中介效应为-0.060(95%CI:-0.071~-0.049)。

结论

膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间存在中介效应,且膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间存在链式中介效应。

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孙淑慧,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=r4HKngKhQ11NKIOjRVzV5A==, magXml=l6cUCskkfCTc/D7srYxwLA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yZxaYBmrcl+RG1LS4H/rQA==, pdfFileSize=683579, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GmVvhKrPXkt1SV8x8DW3Kg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=305duIV/r3wodXfvhfjP0Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱帅豪(2000—),男,硕士,研究方向:卫生管理

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朱帅豪(2000—),男,硕士,研究方向:卫生管理

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Changes and interrelationship between Life satisfaction and depression of adolescents before and during COVID-19: a longitudinal follow-up study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(8): 1398-1402. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Changes and interrelationship between Life satisfaction and depression of adolescents before and during COVID-19: a longitudinal follow-up study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023877644611959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=376, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Liu J, Wei W, Peng QY, journalName=Clinical Gerontologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Wei W, Peng QY, et al. The roles of Life satisfaction and community recreational facilities in the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults[J]. Clinical Gerontologist, 2022, 45(2): 376-389., articleTitle=The roles of Life satisfaction and community recreational facilities in the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023873370616126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, awardId=23BFX045, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX045), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023865053311995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023865061700602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, companyId=1241023865053311995, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023865070089211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, companyId=1241023865053311995, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023870707233030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Screening Process Diagram, figureFileSmall=RTy04WiCbyMwa5cHcI0NAw==, figureFileBig=GmVvhKrPXkt1SV8x8DW3Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872099741960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=图1, caption=筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=RTy04WiCbyMwa5cHcI0NAw==, figureFileBig=GmVvhKrPXkt1SV8x8DW3Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872334622999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chain mediation effect model, figureFileSmall=bBx1CuFfpd2j9lREIIZtNQ==, figureFileBig=/Vp1bdrNgkCXbg6XPw21bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872426897690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=图2, caption=链式中介效应模型

注:* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=bBx1CuFfpd2j9lREIIZtNQ==, figureFileBig=/Vp1bdrNgkCXbg6XPw21bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023872506589470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive Statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量统计描述抑郁水平得分(tP
年龄(岁,83.11±11.33
性别[n(%)]-10.823<0.001
4 626(45.6)21.47±5.97
5 522(54.4)22.79±6.17
居住地[n(%)]-6.890<0.001
城市2 595(25.6)21.47±6.20
乡村7 553(74.4)22.43±6.07
婚姻状况[n(%)]-12.244<0.001
在婚4 782(47.1)21.40±5.94
不再婚5 366(52.9)22.88±6.19
受教育时间(年,)3.73±4.54
口腔卫生行为得分(1.91±1.12
膳食多样性得分(4.79±2.03
生活满意度得分(3.92±0.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872619835679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述性统计量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量统计描述抑郁水平得分(tP
年龄(岁,83.11±11.33
性别[n(%)]-10.823<0.001
4 626(45.6)21.47±5.97
5 522(54.4)22.79±6.17
居住地[n(%)]-6.890<0.001
城市2 595(25.6)21.47±6.20
乡村7 553(74.4)22.43±6.07
婚姻状况[n(%)]-12.244<0.001
在婚4 782(47.1)21.40±5.94
不再婚5 366(52.9)22.88±6.19
受教育时间(年,)3.73±4.54
口腔卫生行为得分(1.91±1.12
膳食多样性得分(4.79±2.03
生活满意度得分(3.92±0.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872724693284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pearson correlation analysis(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量口腔卫生行为膳食多样性生活满意度抑郁水平
口腔卫生行为1.00
膳食多样性0.28c1.00
生活满意度0.09c0.21c1.00
抑郁水平-0.12c-0.20c-0.41c1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872875688234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Pearson相关分析(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量口腔卫生行为膳食多样性生活满意度抑郁水平
口腔卫生行为1.00
膳食多样性0.28c1.00
生活满意度0.09c0.21c1.00
抑郁水平-0.12c-0.20c-0.41c1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241023872976351535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis results of the chain mediation effect model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:膳食多样性模型2:生活满意度模型3:抑郁水平
β tPβ tPβ tP
常量6.0150.21028.595<0.0013.0760.09532.312<0.00131.8550.70145.442<0.001
年龄0.0070.0023.396<0.0010.0050.0015.702<0.0010.0300.0065.063<0.001
性别-0.1640.039-4.154<0.0010.0370.0172.135<0.050.8310.1206.901<0.001
居住地-1.2270.047-26.235<0.0010.0050.0210.2570.797-0.3940.148-2.671<0.01
婚姻状况-0.1350.044-3.068<0.01-0.0420.019-2.205<0.050.5090.1353.781<0.001
受教育时间0.0890.00517.689<0.0010.0020.0020.8950.371-0.0360.016-2.323<0.05
口腔卫生行为0.2570.01814.649<0.0010.0330.0084.280<0.001-0.2060.054-3.805<0.001
膳食多样性0.0780.00418.009<0.001-0.2700.031-8.758<0.001
生活满意度-2.9920.070-42.971<0.001
R-sq0.2190.0480.203
), ArticleFig(id=1241023873056043314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

链式中介效应模型的回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:膳食多样性模型2:生活满意度模型3:抑郁水平
β tPβ tPβ tP
常量6.0150.21028.595<0.0013.0760.09532.312<0.00131.8550.70145.442<0.001
年龄0.0070.0023.396<0.0010.0050.0015.702<0.0010.0300.0065.063<0.001
性别-0.1640.039-4.154<0.0010.0370.0172.135<0.050.8310.1206.901<0.001
居住地-1.2270.047-26.235<0.0010.0050.0210.2570.797-0.3940.148-2.671<0.01
婚姻状况-0.1350.044-3.068<0.01-0.0420.019-2.205<0.050.5090.1353.781<0.001
受教育时间0.0890.00517.689<0.0010.0020.0020.8950.371-0.0360.016-2.323<0.05
口腔卫生行为0.2570.01814.649<0.0010.0330.0084.280<0.001-0.2060.054-3.805<0.001
膳食多样性0.0780.00418.009<0.001-0.2700.031-8.758<0.001
生活满意度-2.9920.070-42.971<0.001
R-sq0.2190.0480.203
), ArticleFig(id=1241023873144123701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation Effect Test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI 百分比(%)
总效应-0.135(-0.158~-0.112)0.012100.00
直接效应-0.057(-0.081~-0.033)0.01242.22
总中介效应-0.078(-0.088~-0.068)0.00557.78
路径1-0.023(-0.031~-0.016)0.00417.04
路径2-0.042(-0.049~-0.034)0.00431.11
路径3-0.013(-0.016~-0.010)0.0019.63
), ArticleFig(id=1241023873228009786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857625199097, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI 百分比(%)
总效应-0.135(-0.158~-0.112)0.012100.00
直接效应-0.057(-0.081~-0.033)0.01242.22
总中介效应-0.078(-0.088~-0.068)0.00557.78
路径1-0.023(-0.031~-0.016)0.00417.04
路径2-0.042(-0.049~-0.034)0.00431.11
路径3-0.013(-0.016~-0.010)0.0019.63
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口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的关系:膳食多样性和生活满意度的链式中介作用
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朱帅豪 , 张克莹 , 雷雨 , 胡友利 , 元虹 , 王薇 , 王洪婧 , 孙淑慧
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(2): 240-245
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(2): 240-245
口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的关系:膳食多样性和生活满意度的链式中介作用
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朱帅豪, 张克莹, 雷雨, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧
作者信息
  • 山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 朱帅豪(2000—),男,硕士,研究方向:卫生管理

通讯作者:

孙淑慧,E-mail:
Relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly: a chain mediated effect of dietary diversity and life satisfaction
Shuai-hao ZHU, Ke-ying ZHANG, Yu LEI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409493
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目的

探究老年人口腔卫生行为与抑郁水平之间的关系。

方法

本文运用中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)2018年数据,筛选出符合标准的研究对象10 148人,运用Pearson相关性分析探究口腔卫生行为、膳食多样性、生活满意度和老年人抑郁水平的相关性,使用SPSS中Process 4.1插件模型6分析膳食多样性、生活满意度在口腔卫生行为和老年人抑郁水平间的中介作用。

结果

口腔卫生行为对老年人抑郁水平的直接影响显著(β=-0.206,P<0.01);膳食多样性和生活满意度显著影响老年人抑郁水平(β=-0.270,P<0.01;β=-2.992,P<0.01);膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的中介效应分别为-0.069 (95%CI:-0.088~-0.051)和-0.099 (95%CI:-0.145~-0.055),链式中介效应为-0.060(95%CI:-0.071~-0.049)。

结论

膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间存在中介效应,且膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间存在链式中介效应。

口腔卫生行为  /  老年人  /  膳食多样性  /  抑郁水平  /  生活满意度
Objective

To explore the relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression level in elderly people.

Methods

This article used the 2018 data from the Chinese Elderly Health Longevity Factors Survey (CLHLS) to select 10 148 eligible research subjects. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between oral hygiene behavior, dietary diversity, life satisfaction, and depression levels in the elderly. The Process4.1 plugin model in SPSS was used to analyze the mediating role of dietary diversity and life satisfaction between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly.

Results

The direct impact of oral hygiene behavior on depression levels in the elderly was significant (β=-0.206,P<0.01); Dietary diversity and life satisfaction significantly affected the level of depression in elderly people (β=-0.270, P<0.01); (β=-2.992,P<0.01); The mediating effects of dietary diversity and life satisfaction on the relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in elderly individuals were-0.069 (95%CI:-0.088 - -0.051) and -0.099 (95%CI:-0.145 - -0.055), respectively, with a chain mediation effect of -0.060 (95%CI:-0.071 - -0.049).

Conclusion

Dietary diversity and life satisfaction have a mediating effect between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly, and there is a chain mediating effect between dietary diversity and life satisfaction and depression levels in the elderly.

Oral hygiene behaviors  /  Senior citizen  /  Dietary diversity  /  Depression levels  /  Life satisfaction
朱帅豪, 张克莹, 雷雨, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧. 口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的关系:膳食多样性和生活满意度的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 240 -245 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409493
Shuai-hao ZHU, Ke-ying ZHANG, Yu LEI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN. Relationship between oral hygiene behavior and depression levels in the elderly: a chain mediated effect of dietary diversity and life satisfaction[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 240 -245 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409493
第七次全国人口普查数据显示,中国60岁及以上人口总数已达到2.64亿,约占总人口的18.7%[1]。相关研究表明,中国到2048年60及以上老年人口将超过5亿[2]。抑郁症状是老年群体中最常见的心理问题之一[3],研究发现口腔疾病是导致老年人抑郁症状的重要因素[4],保持口腔健康可以降低老年人患抑郁症状的风险[5]。良好的口腔卫生行为,不仅可以预防口腔疾病的发生,也可以通过改变口腔微生态抑制神经炎症,从而降低抑郁症状的发展[6]。口腔健康与老年人营养的摄入显著相关[7],膳食多样性在口腔健康和抑郁之间存在中介效应[8]。膳食多样性与生活满意度呈正相关,多种食物的摄入能够提升产生积极乐观的情绪直接或间接提升生活满意度[9]。此外,老年人生活满意度与口腔健康也显著相关,也会受到口腔健康的影响,口腔健康不佳的老年人会表现出较低的生活满意度[10]。而良好的口腔卫生行为可以促进口腔健康。根据既往对口腔卫生行为、膳食多样性、生活满意度和抑郁水平的研究发现,大多数集中在两者或三者之间的研究,缺乏四个变量间作用机制的研究。即在验证口腔卫生行为对我国老年人的抑郁症状影响的具体路径方面并不充分。鉴于此,本文基于CLHLS数据,探讨口腔卫生行为对老年人抑郁水平的影响,分析膳食多样性和生活满意度是否在其中存在链式中介效应。本文提出以下假设:
H1:口腔卫生行为直接影响老年人抑郁水平
H2:膳食多样性在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间具有中介作用
H3:生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间具有中介作用
H4:膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的具有链式中介作用
研究人群和数据来源均来自北京大学健康老龄与发展研究中心调查的2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)。CLHLS是一项针对中国老年人全面的全国性研究。该调查涵盖23个省、市和自治区,覆盖了中国约85%的人口。其调查内容包括老年人及家庭基本状况、社会经济背景及家庭结构、经济来源和经济状况、健康和生活质量自评、认知功能、性格心理特征、日常活动能力、生活方式、生活照料、疾病治疗和医疗费承担。CLHLS采用多阶段不成比例和有针对的随机抽样方法,覆盖了中国23个省、直辖市和自治区,具有良好的科学性和全国代表性。CLHLS已获得北京大学和杜克大学伦理委员会的批准,并按照批准的指导原则进行。本研究排除了小于60岁的调查对象和缺失变量的样本。最终共纳入10 148个观察结果,具体筛选过程见图1
本研究的核心自变量是口腔卫生行为,根据以往研究[8],选取老年人每天刷牙的频率指标作为衡量口腔卫生行为的核心变量。刷牙频率分别为0、1、2、3、4,分别代表“从不刷牙”“偶尔刷牙”“每天一次”“每天两次”“每天三次或更多次”。参考Chang等学者[11-12],分数越高代表口腔卫生行为越好。
(1)膳食多样性 参考先前研究,膳食多样性采用CLHLS中的食物消费频率问卷来计算膳食多样性评分(DDS),包括水果、蔬菜、肉、蛋、鱼、豆类、坚果、牛奶、茶9种食物的摄入[13]。DDS量表具有可接受的信度(Cronbach α=0.635)和效度(KMO=0.747,P<0.001)。水果和蔬菜具有四个选项“每天或几乎每天”、“经常”、“偶尔”、“很少或从不”,回答“每天或几乎每天”或“经常”的人评为1分,相反,值为0;肉、蛋、鱼、豆类、坚果、牛奶、茶具有五个选项“几乎每天”、“不是每天,但每周至少一次”、“不是每周,但至少每个月一次”、“不是每个月,但偶尔”、“很少或从不”。将回答“几乎每天或经常”的人评为1分,回答“几乎每天”或“不是每天,但每周至少一次”的人评为1分,否则,值为0。结果通过将所有项目的得分相加得出,结果范围0~9,得分越高表示膳食多样性越大。
(2)生活满意度 生活满意度变量来自CLHLS中的 “您觉得您现在的生活怎么样”问题。通过受访者回答该问题状况,对老年人生活满意度进行评估。对回答的五个选项采用5分值李克特量表进行赋值,非常好为5分、好为4分、一般为3分、不好为2分、非常不好为1分。得分范围1~5,得分越高代表老年人对生活的满意度越高。
参考先前文献[14],抑郁水平(DL)采用CLHLS中的简版流调中心抑郁量表CESD-10形成连续变量对抑郁水平进行测量,“您会因一些小事而烦恼吗?”“您现在做事时是不是很难集中精力?”“您是不是感到难过或压抑?”您是不是觉得越老越不中用,做什么事都很费劲?”“您是不是感到紧张、害怕?”“您是不是觉得孤独?” 您是不是感到无法继续自己的生活?” “您是不是对未来的生活充满希望?”“您是不是觉得与年轻时一样快活?”,“您的睡眠质量怎么样?”。采用5分制李克特量表进行赋值,回答范围1~5,同时,对“您是不是对未来的生活充满希望?”“您是不是觉得与年轻时一样快活?两个问题进行反向赋值。结果范围0~50,分数越高代表老年人抑郁水平越高。
本研究选取人口统计学特征为控制变量,包括年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状况、和受教育时间。年龄和受教育时间为连续变量,性别、居住地、婚姻状况为分类变量
采用SPSS 25.0对数据进行分析。首先,本研究对人口统计学特征和关键变量进行统计描述。连续变量采用描述,分类变量采用频率(百分比)描述。使用t检验比较不同组别间抑郁水平的差异。其次,使用Pearson相关性分析,衡量口腔卫生行为、膳食多样性、生活满意度和抑郁水平之间的双变量相关性。最后,采用Hayes编写的SPSS PROCESS V4.1来测试中介变量在自变量和因变量之间的中介作用。
10 148例老年人的平均年龄为(83.11±11.33)岁;男性4 626人,女性5 522人;居住在城市的共有2 595人,居住在乡村的共有7 553人;在婚的有4 782人,不在婚的有5 366人;口腔卫生行为平均为(1.91±1.12)分、膳食多样性平均为(4.79±2.03)分、生活满意度平均为(3.92±0.80)分、抑郁水平平均为(22.19±6.12)分。抑郁水平在年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状况、受教育时间方面存在显著差异,见表1
Pearson相关性分析结果显示,口腔卫生行为与膳食多样性呈正相关,口腔卫生行为与生活满意度呈正相关,口腔卫生行为与抑郁水平呈负相关,膳食多样性与生活满意度呈正相关,膳食多样性与抑郁水平呈负相关,生活满意度与抑郁水平呈负相关。见表2
在描述性分析和相关性分析的基础上,通过控制年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状况、受教育时间的链式中介模型,进一步探讨膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平之间的可能中介作用,并进行Bootstrap检验以验证其显著性。
结果显示,口腔卫生行为能够正向影响膳食多样性和生活满意度;膳食多样能够性正向影响生活满意度;口腔卫生行为能够负向影响抑郁水平;膳食多样性能够负向影响抑郁水平,生活满意度能够负向影响抑郁水平。(表3)(图2)
链式中介路径分析结果显示,口腔卫生行为对抑郁水平的直接效应具有统计学意义(β =-0.206, 95%CI=[-0.312~-0.100]),占总效应的47.5%;膳食多样性在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平的中介效应有统计学意义(β=-0.069,95%CI=[-0.088~-0.051]),占总效应的15.9%;生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平的中介效应有统计学意义(β=-0.099,95%CI=[-0.145~-0.055]),占总效应的22.8%;膳食多样性和生活满意度在口腔卫生行为与老年人抑郁水平的链式中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.060,95%CI=[-0.071~-0.049])占总效应的13.8%。(表4)
本研究结果显示,口腔卫生行为能直接负向影响老年人的抑郁水平,研究结果与Cui等人一致[15]。口腔卫生行为作为口腔健康的重要影响因素,定期刷牙能够对口腔健康产生良好的影响[16]。一项研究发现牙周炎与抑郁、焦虑及其合并症的风险增加之间存在密切联系[17]。此外,低刷牙频率与临床相关的抑郁有关[18]。口腔卫生行为通过维护口腔健康,对改善或预防抑郁症状有积极作用。因此,政府应采取必要措施,促进老年人养成良好的口腔卫生;鼓励医疗机构提供综合性服务,将口腔卫生保健与心理健康评估和干预相结合。
研究结果表明,口腔卫生行为能够通过膳食多样性影响老年人的抑郁水平,这与娄佳旭学者研究一致[8]。良好的口腔卫生行为能够预防牙齿脱落。先前研究显示,刷牙频率越高,剩余牙齿越多[19]。相反,刷牙减少或不良的口腔卫生是牙齿脱落的诱发因素[20]。牙齿脱落会减少老年人食用食物的种类和数量,从而潜移默化的改变了食物摄入偏好。例如,他们更喜欢柔软的食物[21],降低了富含纤维的食物摄入,如水果[22]、坚果[23]等。而食物种类的减少以及一些柔软高脂肪、低纤维的食物摄入,则会对老年人的心理健康产生直接影响[24]。刷牙作为一种良好的口腔卫生行为,不仅可以保护牙齿和口腔健康,还可以增加老年人食用各种食物的可能性,从而降低抑郁的风险。此外,刷牙可以降低减少牙疼风险。一项研究表明,牙疼是造成营养不良的决定因素[25],而营养不良则会导致抑郁风险增加[26]。因此,要加强其对饮食习惯和饮食偏好的认识,丰富老年人的膳食结构,指导老年人进行更多的营养摄入,尤其是对于已有口腔健康问题的老年人,应加大关注度,以此降低口腔健康问题引发的抑郁风险。
研究结果表明,口腔卫生行为能够通过生活满意度影响老年人抑郁水平。先前研究表明,口腔卫生行为对口腔健康至关重要[16]。口腔健康问题能影响老年人的生活质量和社交活动,从而降低生活满意度。例如,不良的口腔健康,如牙齿磨损、变色或缺失,以及由此引起的口腔不适,可能会让患者感到尴尬。这种尴尬可能导致他们回避社交活动,进而遭受孤独和社会隔离,从而影响他们的生活满意度[27]。一项研究发现,老年人口腔健康不佳与生活满意度显著相关[10]。而较低的生活满意度可能会增加抑郁症状的风险[28]。良好的口腔卫生行为有助于提高老年人的生活满意度,从而降低抑郁的风险。因此,应当培养老年人养成良好的口腔卫生行为,比如定期进行口腔检查、及时治疗口腔疾病、引导老年人正确刷牙保持口腔清洁,提高老年人的生活满意度,从而降低抑郁的风险。
研究结果表明,口腔卫生行为能先后通过膳食多样性和生活满意度这一链式中介路径对老年人抑郁水平产生影响。良好的口腔卫生行为可以促进多种食物的摄入,进而提升老年人对生活满意度,最终降低老年人的抑郁水平。其内在机制主要是良好的口腔卫生行为能够减少老年人牙齿脱落和口腔健康[19],保证了老年人可以摄入多种食物的摄入。随着食用不同食物,可以使老年人有着更加积极乐观的情绪和健康状况,从而提升生活满意度[9],老年人的生活满意度得到提升,抑郁程度得到下降[29]。因此,要积极引导并帮助老年人建立良好的口腔卫生习惯,要确保老年人的饮食多样化,满足他们对各类营养素的需求以及提高生活质量,家庭成员应对老年人的心理健康给予充分关注。
综上,良好的口腔卫生行为对老年人心理健康的至关重要。在未来,我们应该更多地关注口腔卫生行为作为一个重要因素对老年人心理健康的影响。通过良好的口腔卫生行为保障老年人的营养摄入,对增强老年人的生活质量和奠定健康基础至关重要,这有利于降低老年人患抑郁症的风险。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX045)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409493
  • 接收时间:2024-09-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27
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国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX045)
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    山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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