Article(id=1241023857390310096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404550, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714406400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744710, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744710, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744710, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744710, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=349, endPage=354, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023859281941265, articleId=1241023857390310096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Detection of 24 metal elements content in crayfish solf, Deyang, columnId=1228016571713520579, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Supervison, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the various metal elements content and distribution in crayfish sold in Deyang, and to initial determine the harm of hazardous metallic elements to residents in Deyang.

Methods

A total of 102 samples were collected in Deyang using a stratified random sampling approach, the samples was digested by microwave digestion,17 mineral elements and 7 harmful metal elements were detected using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).

Results

Mineral elements in all parts of the crayfish were detected and the content varies, in terms of total minerals, crayfish brain> crayfish intestine> crayfish gills> crayfish meat> crayfish hepatopancreas. For harmful metals, there was no exceedance in crayfish meat, As, Cu, Cd in crayfish hepatopancreas exceeded the standard rate of 97.0%, 2.97%, 27.7%, Hg, Pb, Cr did not exceed the standard, As, Cu, Pb, Cr and Al were all exceeded the standard in the non-edible parts by 2.17% to 100%. The enrichment pattern of all metal elements in crayfish in Deyang and Hubei was consistent, but the contents varied. In different sampling sessions, none of the harmful metal elements in crayfish meat exceeded the standard; As, Cu, Cd in crayfish hepatopancreas exceeded the standard rate of 2.8%-97%, and the rest of the elements did not exceed the standard. In different growth stages, except for As, there was no significant difference in the accumulation of hazardous metal elements between green and red crayfish.

Conclusion

Crayfish have a high mineral content and abundant nutrients, and local residents in Deyang City have a lower risk of heavy metal hazards in their daily intake of crayfish.

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目的

了解德阳市市售小龙虾中各金属元素含量水平及分布规律,初步判断德阳市居民受到有害金属元素危害的可能性。

方法

采用分层随机抽样,在德阳市采集共计102例样本,通过微波消解仪消解样品后,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对17种矿物质元素和7种有害金属元素进行检测。

结果

矿物质元素在小龙虾各部位均有检出,含量各不相同,以矿物质总量来看,虾头>虾线>虾鳃>虾尾>虾黄。对有害金属而言,虾尾中不存在超标情况,虾黄中As、Cu、Cd的超标率分别为97.0%、2.97%、27.7%,Hg、Pb、Cr未超标;As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr、Al在非可食部位均有超标情况,超标率为2.17%~100%。所有金属元素在德阳和湖北两地小龙虾中的富集规律一致,但含量各不相同。在不同采样环节中,虾尾中的有害金属元素均不超标;As、Cu、Cd在虾黄的超标率为2.8%~97%,其余元素不超标。在不同生长环节中,除As外,青壳虾和红壳虾对有害金属元素的蓄积差异不显著。

结论

小龙虾矿物质含量丰富,营养价值高,德阳市本地居民日常摄入小龙虾受到的有害金属元素危害风险较低。

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伍剑,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DPegPTPcsRjJdJK7daplWg==, magXml=P2HoJx+uJj16KAC8OGGP/w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dZiOnNBOSHpRexZ5tJdZ4g==, pdfFileSize=694423, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SVWbnak/rYyDawyWW/sdtQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗霞(1986—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:理化检验

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罗霞(1986—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:理化检验

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Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2006., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023872615633321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=175, pageEnd=178,190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=王玺凯, 唐蓉, 王艳丽, journalName=工业卫生与职业病, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玺凯,唐蓉,王艳丽.铝职业接触所致健康危害研究进展[J].工业卫生与职业病2023, 49(2): 175-178,190., articleTitle=铝职业接触所致健康危害研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023872728879534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=175, pageEnd=178,190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Wang XK, Tang R, Wang YL, journalName=Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang XK, Tang R, Wang YL. Research progress on occupational health hazards of Aluminum exposure[J]. Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, 2023, 49(2): 175-178,190. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on occupational health hazards of Aluminum exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023872867291571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB 2760-2014 食品添加剂使用标准[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023872959566261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GB 2760-2014 Standard for using food additives[S]. Beijing: Standards Press Of China, 2015. (In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873060229561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所, journalName=中国食物成分表标准版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所.中国食物成分表标准版[M].6版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873148309948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, journalName=Chinese food composition table, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Chinese food composition table[M]. 6th ed. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press, 2018.(In Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873232196032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=497, pageEnd=505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=刘雯清, 黄中情, 何发涛, journalName=环境化学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘雯清,黄中情,何发涛,等.不同暴露条件下克氏原螯虾组织中砷的积累与转化[J].环境化学2024, 43(2): 497-505., articleTitle=不同暴露条件下克氏原螯虾组织中砷的积累与转化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023873341247939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=497, pageEnd=505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Liu WQ, Huang ZQ, He FT, journalName=Environmental Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu WQ, Huang ZQ, He FT, et al. Accumulation and transformation of Arsenic in the tissues of Procambarusclarkii under different exposure conditions[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 497-505. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Accumulation and transformation of Arsenic in the tissues of Procambarusclarkii under different exposure conditions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023868530381095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, awardId=2021SZ027, language=CN, fundingSource=2021年度德阳市科技计划重点研发项目(2021SZ027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023860728976274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023860733170580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, companyId=1241023860728976274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023860741559189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, companyId=1241023860728976274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.德阳市疾病预防控制中心理化检验所,四川 德阳 618000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241023860833833884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023860842222493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, companyId=1241023860833833884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司成都分公司)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023865816666342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection Results of Mineral Elements in Various Parts of Crayfish(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾(n=102)虾黄(n=101)虾鳃(n=46)虾头(n=67)虾线(n=80)
Na106~8 733200~10 094144~10 050254~8 259321~10 892
Mg70~49191~50169~1 3388~89682~3 437
K408~4 894366~4 727325~3 155468~2 756601~4 711
Ca40~6 03615~3 37022~17 13432~26 58942~14 999
V0.001~0.0820.004~0.3730.061~3.7970.047~1.8870.165~5.717
Mn0.1~13.07.2~153.63.6~245.837.6~810.717.4~336.7
Fe0.5~139.619.3~1 378.415.1~1 502.68.6~801.513.4~2 067.8
CoND~0.1100.058~0.9370.065~0.8580.133~1.1770.042~0.878
NiND~0.2440.102~2.446ND~1.9090.271~2.7450.110~2.062
Zn10.0~28.615.0~76.83.5~16.98.6~45.514.8~63.6
Se0.056~0.4780.113~1.2160.141~0.6180.250~1.0570.221~0.942
Rb0.53~4.250.45~3.200.38~4.860.34~2.100.73~5.01
Sr0.01~6.070.01~12.452.73~20.860.37~76.141.18~35.90
MoND~0.128ND~0.581ND~0.607ND~0.178ND~0.797
SnND~0.61ND~2.47ND~0.21ND~0.11ND~0.21
SbND~0.050ND~0.040ND~0.012ND~0.118ND~0.034
Ba0.02~4.750.39~10.21.93~98.463.80~128.140.56~79.28
总量5 497.395 263.885 782.9910 709.339 064.06
), ArticleFig(id=1241023865917329643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小龙虾各部位矿物质元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾(n=102)虾黄(n=101)虾鳃(n=46)虾头(n=67)虾线(n=80)
Na106~8 733200~10 094144~10 050254~8 259321~10 892
Mg70~49191~50169~1 3388~89682~3 437
K408~4 894366~4 727325~3 155468~2 756601~4 711
Ca40~6 03615~3 37022~17 13432~26 58942~14 999
V0.001~0.0820.004~0.3730.061~3.7970.047~1.8870.165~5.717
Mn0.1~13.07.2~153.63.6~245.837.6~810.717.4~336.7
Fe0.5~139.619.3~1 378.415.1~1 502.68.6~801.513.4~2 067.8
CoND~0.1100.058~0.9370.065~0.8580.133~1.1770.042~0.878
NiND~0.2440.102~2.446ND~1.9090.271~2.7450.110~2.062
Zn10.0~28.615.0~76.83.5~16.98.6~45.514.8~63.6
Se0.056~0.4780.113~1.2160.141~0.6180.250~1.0570.221~0.942
Rb0.53~4.250.45~3.200.38~4.860.34~2.100.73~5.01
Sr0.01~6.070.01~12.452.73~20.860.37~76.141.18~35.90
MoND~0.128ND~0.581ND~0.607ND~0.178ND~0.797
SnND~0.61ND~2.47ND~0.21ND~0.11ND~0.21
SbND~0.050ND~0.040ND~0.012ND~0.118ND~0.034
Ba0.02~4.750.39~10.21.93~98.463.80~128.140.56~79.28
总量5 497.395 263.885 782.9910 709.339 064.06
), ArticleFig(id=1241023866059935985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection Results ofHarmful Metal Elements in Various Parts of Crayfish(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾(n=102)虾黄(n=101)虾鳃(n=46)虾头(n=67)虾线(n=80)
CrND~0.461ND~1.3960.045~2.9300.023~3.5180.077~4.000
As0.031~0.4620.339~3.2500.133~1.6680.622~2.3960.318~1.580
CdND~0.0400.098~1.281ND~0.0610.007~0.276ND~0.333
HgND~0.120ND~0.027ND~0.033ND~0.017ND~0.063
PbND~0.417ND~0.2340.012~1.474ND~0.8640.035~2.309
Cu1.4~32.14.3~169.17.6~86.23.9~57.43.9~30.9
Al0.1~20.10.1~21.320.2~2 440.24.6~1 204.82.9~3 108.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867590856952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小龙虾各部位有害金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾(n=102)虾黄(n=101)虾鳃(n=46)虾头(n=67)虾线(n=80)
CrND~0.461ND~1.3960.045~2.9300.023~3.5180.077~4.000
As0.031~0.4620.339~3.2500.133~1.6680.622~2.3960.318~1.580
CdND~0.0400.098~1.281ND~0.0610.007~0.276ND~0.333
HgND~0.120ND~0.027ND~0.033ND~0.017ND~0.063
PbND~0.417ND~0.2340.012~1.474ND~0.8640.035~2.309
Cu1.4~32.14.3~169.17.6~86.23.9~57.43.9~30.9
Al0.1~20.10.1~21.320.2~2 440.24.6~1 204.82.9~3 108.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867712491777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection Results of Metal Elements in Edible Parts of Crayfish from Different Regions(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)
Na106~7 370435~8 733303~8 414200~100 93
Mg70~47379~477119~50191~407
K418~4 893408~4 741366~4 727384~4 241
Ca40~6 03675~4 06144~1 03915~3 370
V0.002~0.0350.001~0.0820.055~0.1990.043~0.373
Mn0.3~10.00.1~8.87.2~153.514.2~107.9
Fe0.6~22.20.5~139.627.3~651.519.3~1 378.4
CoND~0.041ND~0.0940.058~0.7710.066~0.937
NiND~0.196ND~0.2440.102~1.7780.114~2.446
Zn10.1~19.010.0~28.615.0~62.015.1~76.8
Se0.058~0.4780.056~0.2740.301~1.2160.113~0.712
Rb0.62~4.240.53~4.250.45~3.200.45~2.39
元素种类虾尾虾黄
德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)
Sr0.06~2.420.01~6.070.10~6.720.45~11.26
MoND~0.128ND~0.082ND~0.264ND~0.581
SnND~0.61ND~0.11ND~2.47ND~0.13
SbND~0.006ND~0.050ND~0.033ND~0.040
Ba0.06~1.030.02~4.750.43~6.640.39~5.83
CrND~0.268ND~0.417ND~0.334ND~1.396
Al0.9~20.30.1~21.00.1~14.90.1~21.3
Cu1.5~8.81.4~32.14.3~169.16.0~116.1
As0.076~0.2760.031~0.4620.339~2.7890.473~3.250
CdND~0.033ND~0.0400.0985~0.9730.116~1.281
HgND~0.053ND~0.048ND~0.012ND~0.010
PbND~0.083ND~0.417ND~0.0923ND~0.234
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867796377863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产地小龙虾可食部分金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)
Na106~7 370435~8 733303~8 414200~100 93
Mg70~47379~477119~50191~407
K418~4 893408~4 741366~4 727384~4 241
Ca40~6 03675~4 06144~1 03915~3 370
V0.002~0.0350.001~0.0820.055~0.1990.043~0.373
Mn0.3~10.00.1~8.87.2~153.514.2~107.9
Fe0.6~22.20.5~139.627.3~651.519.3~1 378.4
CoND~0.041ND~0.0940.058~0.7710.066~0.937
NiND~0.196ND~0.2440.102~1.7780.114~2.446
Zn10.1~19.010.0~28.615.0~62.015.1~76.8
Se0.058~0.4780.056~0.2740.301~1.2160.113~0.712
Rb0.62~4.240.53~4.250.45~3.200.45~2.39
元素种类虾尾虾黄
德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)德阳本地(n=31)湖北地区(n=61)
Sr0.06~2.420.01~6.070.10~6.720.45~11.26
MoND~0.128ND~0.082ND~0.264ND~0.581
SnND~0.61ND~0.11ND~2.47ND~0.13
SbND~0.006ND~0.050ND~0.033ND~0.040
Ba0.06~1.030.02~4.750.43~6.640.39~5.83
CrND~0.268ND~0.417ND~0.334ND~1.396
Al0.9~20.30.1~21.00.1~14.90.1~21.3
Cu1.5~8.81.4~32.14.3~169.16.0~116.1
As0.076~0.2760.031~0.4620.339~2.7890.473~3.250
CdND~0.033ND~0.0400.0985~0.9730.116~1.281
HgND~0.053ND~0.048ND~0.012ND~0.010
PbND~0.083ND~0.417ND~0.0923ND~0.234
), ArticleFig(id=1241023867947372812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Detection Results ofHarmful Metal Elements in Edible Parts of Crayfish from Different Sampling Stages(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
生鲜(n=72)熟食(n=30)生鲜(n=72)熟食(n=29)
CrND~0.417ND~0.461ND~1.396ND~1.218
As0.031~0.3070.117~0.4620.339~3.2500.495~2.734
CdND~0.015ND~0.0400.099~1.2810.117~0.696
HgND~0.120ND~0.053ND~0.027ND~0.015
PbND~0.41 7ND~0.365ND~0.234ND~0.071
Cu1.4~8.34.9~32.14.3~169.110.3~116.1
Al0.1~21.01.3~15.70.1~20.70.1~21.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868081590545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同采样环节小龙虾可食部分有害金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
生鲜(n=72)熟食(n=30)生鲜(n=72)熟食(n=29)
CrND~0.417ND~0.461ND~1.396ND~1.218
As0.031~0.3070.117~0.4620.339~3.2500.495~2.734
CdND~0.015ND~0.0400.099~1.2810.117~0.696
HgND~0.120ND~0.053ND~0.027ND~0.015
PbND~0.41 7ND~0.365ND~0.234ND~0.071
Cu1.4~8.34.9~32.14.3~169.110.3~116.1
Al0.1~21.01.3~15.70.1~20.70.1~21.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868240974104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Detection Results ofHarmful Metal Elementsin Edible Parts of Crayfish from Different Growth Stages(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
青壳虾(n=38)红壳虾(n=35)青壳虾(n=38)红壳虾(n=35)
CrND~0.417ND~0.274ND~1.396ND~0.681
Cu1.4~14.21.5~18.56.0~57.98.1~169.1
Al1.0~21.00.1~20.30.1~20.70.5~14.1
As0.066~0.3970.031~0.4620.339~2.7890.625~3.250
CdND~0.030ND~0.0330.159~1.2810.098~0.973
HgND~0.120ND~0.053ND~0.027ND~0.010
PbND~0.105ND~0.417ND~0.114ND~0.116
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868383580445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857390310096, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同生长时期小龙虾可食部分有害金属元素检测结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素种类虾尾虾黄
青壳虾(n=38)红壳虾(n=35)青壳虾(n=38)红壳虾(n=35)
CrND~0.417ND~0.274ND~1.396ND~0.681
Cu1.4~14.21.5~18.56.0~57.98.1~169.1
Al1.0~21.00.1~20.30.1~20.70.5~14.1
As0.066~0.3970.031~0.4620.339~2.7890.625~3.250
CdND~0.030ND~0.0330.159~1.2810.098~0.973
HgND~0.120ND~0.053ND~0.027ND~0.010
PbND~0.105ND~0.417ND~0.114ND~0.116
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德阳市市售小龙虾中24种金属元素含量水平检测
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罗霞 1 , 杨曦霞 1 , 朱珠 1 , 伍剑 1 , 陈杰 1 , 杨雯雯 1 , 蒋晓婧 1 , 余晶晶 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2025,52(2): 349-354
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现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2025, 52(2): 349-354
德阳市市售小龙虾中24种金属元素含量水平检测
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罗霞1, 杨曦霞1, 朱珠1, 伍剑1 , 陈杰1, 杨雯雯1, 蒋晓婧1, 余晶晶2
作者信息
  • 1.德阳市疾病预防控制中心理化检验所,四川 德阳 618000
  • 2.安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司成都分公司
  • 罗霞(1986—),女,硕士,副主任技师,研究方向:理化检验

通讯作者:

伍剑,E-mail:
Detection of 24 metal elements content in crayfish solf, Deyang
Xia LUO1, Xi-xia YANG1, Zhu ZHU1, Jian WU1 , Jie CHEN1, Wen-wen YANG1, Xiao-jing JIANG1, Jing-jing YU2
Affiliations
  • Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404550
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目的

了解德阳市市售小龙虾中各金属元素含量水平及分布规律,初步判断德阳市居民受到有害金属元素危害的可能性。

方法

采用分层随机抽样,在德阳市采集共计102例样本,通过微波消解仪消解样品后,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对17种矿物质元素和7种有害金属元素进行检测。

结果

矿物质元素在小龙虾各部位均有检出,含量各不相同,以矿物质总量来看,虾头>虾线>虾鳃>虾尾>虾黄。对有害金属而言,虾尾中不存在超标情况,虾黄中As、Cu、Cd的超标率分别为97.0%、2.97%、27.7%,Hg、Pb、Cr未超标;As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr、Al在非可食部位均有超标情况,超标率为2.17%~100%。所有金属元素在德阳和湖北两地小龙虾中的富集规律一致,但含量各不相同。在不同采样环节中,虾尾中的有害金属元素均不超标;As、Cu、Cd在虾黄的超标率为2.8%~97%,其余元素不超标。在不同生长环节中,除As外,青壳虾和红壳虾对有害金属元素的蓄积差异不显著。

结论

小龙虾矿物质含量丰富,营养价值高,德阳市本地居民日常摄入小龙虾受到的有害金属元素危害风险较低。

小龙虾  /  金属元素  /  电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪  /  电感耦合等离子体质谱仪
Objective

To understand the various metal elements content and distribution in crayfish sold in Deyang, and to initial determine the harm of hazardous metallic elements to residents in Deyang.

Methods

A total of 102 samples were collected in Deyang using a stratified random sampling approach, the samples was digested by microwave digestion,17 mineral elements and 7 harmful metal elements were detected using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).

Results

Mineral elements in all parts of the crayfish were detected and the content varies, in terms of total minerals, crayfish brain> crayfish intestine> crayfish gills> crayfish meat> crayfish hepatopancreas. For harmful metals, there was no exceedance in crayfish meat, As, Cu, Cd in crayfish hepatopancreas exceeded the standard rate of 97.0%, 2.97%, 27.7%, Hg, Pb, Cr did not exceed the standard, As, Cu, Pb, Cr and Al were all exceeded the standard in the non-edible parts by 2.17% to 100%. The enrichment pattern of all metal elements in crayfish in Deyang and Hubei was consistent, but the contents varied. In different sampling sessions, none of the harmful metal elements in crayfish meat exceeded the standard; As, Cu, Cd in crayfish hepatopancreas exceeded the standard rate of 2.8%-97%, and the rest of the elements did not exceed the standard. In different growth stages, except for As, there was no significant difference in the accumulation of hazardous metal elements between green and red crayfish.

Conclusion

Crayfish have a high mineral content and abundant nutrients, and local residents in Deyang City have a lower risk of heavy metal hazards in their daily intake of crayfish.

Crayfish  /  Metal elements  /  Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy  /  Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
罗霞, 杨曦霞, 朱珠, 伍剑, 陈杰, 杨雯雯, 蒋晓婧, 余晶晶. 德阳市市售小龙虾中24种金属元素含量水平检测. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 349 -354 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404550
Xia LUO, Xi-xia YANG, Zhu ZHU, Jian WU, Jie CHEN, Wen-wen YANG, Xiao-jing JIANG, Jing-jing YU. Detection of 24 metal elements content in crayfish solf, Deyang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 349 -354 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404550
小龙虾,英文名为Red Swamp Crayfish,拉丁学名为Procambarus clarkii,国内也将其称之为红螯虾、克氏原螯虾或克氏螯虾,原为美国南部及墨西哥北部的特有物种,于20世纪30年代引入中国,主要生长于长江中下游淡水区,因其肉质甜美,烹饪方式麻辣咸鲜而深受广大群众喜爱,现今已成为中国的一种商业淡水经济作物[1]。据报道,2022年我国小龙虾产业综合产值已达到4 580亿元[2],几乎是2017年综合产值的2倍。随着小龙虾产业的蓬勃发展,小龙虾进入了更多人的生活,四川省作为全国较大的小龙虾消费省份,每年消费小龙虾量保守估计在7~8万吨[3]
2010年7—8月,南京地区发生了3例疑似食用小龙虾后导致的横纹肌溶解综合征病例[4],引起了全国的关注,小龙虾安全问题开始进入公众视野。研究发现,小龙虾因适应力强且寿命较长等原因,极易在水中积累污染物,尤其是重金属[5],因此,小龙虾的重金属含量监测一直是研究者关注的热点,多数小龙虾产地的相关研究表明[6-10],虽然大多数地区小龙虾未出现金属超标的情况,但仍不应忽略小龙虾重金属暴露的相关风险。四川作为小龙虾消费大省,德阳又是重工业之都,近年来本地区未见有小龙虾体内金属含量的相关报道,因此,本研究通过对德阳本地市场上流通的小龙虾进行采样,利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对小龙虾各部位24种金属含量进行检测和分析,掌握德阳市售小龙虾各部位多种金属的分布情况和含量水平。
赛默飞iCAP6000型电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-OES,美国赛默飞);安捷伦7800型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS,美国Agilent);屹尧TOPEX型微波消解仪(上海屹尧);Milli-Q超纯水机(美国密理博,电导率0.055 μS/cm)。
硝酸(天津科密欧,电子级);硝酸(成都科隆,分析纯);19种金属混合标准物质:Al,As,Ba,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Se,Sn,Sr,V,Zn,浓度均为100 μg/mL(国家有色金属院);4种金属混合标准物质:Ca,K,Mg,Na,浓度均为100 μg/mL(国家有色金属院);汞金属元素标准物质,浓度为1000 μg/mL(国家有色金属院);内标元素标准贮备液:Bi,Ge,In,Li6,Lu,Rh,Sc,Tb,浓度为100 μg/mL(美国Agilent)。
本研究采用分层随机抽样的方法,共采集德阳市各市(区、县)各大农贸综合市场、超市及餐馆的小龙虾102份。每一份样品按虾尾(腹部肌肉)、虾黄(肝胰腺)、虾头(虾胃、虾脑、虾心)、虾线、虾腮拆解收集,共收集虾尾102份,虾黄101份,虾头67份,虾线80份,虾腮46份,均质化处理后-20℃冷冻保存。
按照GB 5009.268-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》[11]进行样品前处理。
根据GB 5009.268-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》,Ca、K、Mg、Na采用ICP-OES法进行检测,仪器条件为:RF功率1150 W,辅助气流量0.5 L/min,雾化器气体流量0.50 L/min,分析泵速50 r/min,泵稳定时间5 s,等离子观测水平模式,短波范围15 nm,长波范围5 nm,最大积分时间30 s;其余金属元素采用ICP-MS法进行检测,仪器条件为:RF功率1 550 W,雾化气流量1.05 L/min,冷却气流量15 L/min,蠕动泵速0.10 rps,雾化室温度2 ℃,Omega透镜8.8 V,碰撞池氦气流量5.0 ml/min,八极杆RF200 V。
由于待测元素包括常量元素,容易受到污染,因此对于小龙虾的前处理需要进行严格的质量控制。为保证微波消解罐的清洁,每次使用后均需采用20%硝酸进行浸泡过夜,然后依次用自来水、二级水、一级水冲洗三次。每批样品均设置平行样和空白样,空白样的检测值不得过高,同时平行样间检测结果的绝对超值不得超过算数平均值的10%~20%(参考GB 5009.268-2016),否则认为该批次样品处理不合格,应当再次清洗器皿后重新进行处理后上机检测。
采用SPSS和WPS软件对数据进行分析。
矿物质元素与生物体的各项生理机能有密切联系,尤其是微量元素,对生命的维持有着极其重要的作用,由表1可知,矿物质元素在小龙虾的各个部位均有检出,且各个部位的含量各不相同,针对可食用部分,宏量元素中的K、Ca、Mg在虾尾中的含量高于虾黄,而Na的含量略低于虾黄;微量元素中除Rb外,其余元素的含量均是虾黄高于虾尾。在非可食部分中,绝大部分矿物质元素的含量高于可食部分,尤其是虾头和虾线。以矿物质总量来看,虾头>虾线>虾鳃>虾尾>虾黄。
小龙虾各部位有害金属元素检测结果见表2。按GB 2762-2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》[12]和NY 5073-2006《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》[13]对甲壳类水产品中铅、镉、汞、总砷、铬、铜的限量规定,虾尾中总As、Cu、Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb均不超标;虾黄中总As、Cu、Cd的超标率分别为97.0%、2.97%、27.7%,Cr、Hg,Pb未超标。对小龙虾非可食部分而言,Cd,Hg均未超过限量标准,虾鳃中总As、Cu、Cr,Pb的超标率分别为41.3%、21.7%、2.17%、6.52%;虾头中总As、Cu、Cr,Pb的超标率分别为100%、2.99%、2.99%、4.48%;虾线中总As、Cr,Pb的超标率分别为86.3%、8.75%、38.8%,Cu未超过限量标准。研究表明[14]过量摄入铝会造成人体神经系统和骨骼健康的损伤,长期摄入还可能引起心血管疾病和肝肾损害,而目前我国并未对小龙虾或水产品作出相关限量规定,因此本研究暂时以GB 2760-2014《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》[15]中对腌制水产品(海蜇)Al最大残留量500mg/kg作为评判依据,检测结果表明,可食用部分的虾尾、虾黄均未超过限量标准,非可食部分中虾腮、虾头、虾线超过限量标准的占比分别是15.2%、5.97%、30.0%。
表1表2可知,24种金属元素在小龙虾各部位均有检出,且不同部位对金属元素的富集能力存在较大的差异,对不同部位各金属含量进行多样本间方差分析,得到以下结果:除Sn在各部位含量相同具有统计学意义外,其他金属在各部位含量相同均不具有统计学意义,其中Na、Mg、Al、K、V、Cr、Fe、Rb、Pb在虾线中含量最高,Ca、Mn、Co、Ni、As、Sr、Sb、Ba在虾头中含量最高,Cu在虾鳃中含量最高,Zn、Se、Mo、Cd在虾黄中含量最高,Hg在虾尾中含量最高。
根据走访调查,目前德阳市市面上销售的小龙虾主要来至德阳本地养殖和湖北,虽然也有来自成都、重庆、贵州等地区的虾源,但数量较少,因此本研究在该部分只讨论德阳本地小龙虾(31例)和湖北小龙虾(61例),对其可食部分的矿物质元素及有害金属元素进行分析统计,其结果见表3
表3可知,24种金属元素在德阳本地小龙虾和湖北小龙虾可食部份的富集规律一致,即矿物质元素中的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Rb在虾尾中含量高,而其余微量元素则是在虾黄中含量更高;对有害金属元素而言,Al、Hg在虾尾中的含量高,Cr、Cd、As、Cu、Pb则在虾黄中含量更高。对两地小龙虾虾尾和虾黄各金属含量进行独立样本t检验发现,虾尾中Na、Co、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Cd、Ba含量湖北地区高于德阳本地,但差异无统计学意义,虾黄中Ca、Cr、Fe湖北地区的含量高于德阳本地,Mn、Se、Ba的含量则是德阳本地高于湖北地区,但差异均无统计学意义。
根据采样环节不同,分别在流通环节和餐饮环节采集小龙虾,并将其分为生鲜和熟食两类,主要是为了解在不同环节的小龙虾中污染元素是否有区别,结果见表4
无论是生鲜还是熟食,虾尾中各有害金属元素都没有超过限量标准的情况;虾黄中的Cu、As、Cd在生鲜和熟食中均有超限量标准的情况,超标率分别是生鲜:2.78%、96.5%、20.6%和熟食3.45%、97.2%、30.6%。对不同采样环节虾尾和虾黄中各金属含量进行独立样本t检验,发现虾尾中As、Cd、Cu和虾黄中Pb在不同采样环节中含量相同不具有统计学意义,且均是熟食中含量更高。
根据外壳颜色不同,小龙虾可分为青壳虾与红壳虾,这是小龙虾不同生产时期的状态,小龙虾幼时壳为青色,随着不断蜕壳,颜色逐渐变为红色,因此,为了解不同生产时期小龙虾可食部分有害金属元素积蓄情况,将小龙虾分为青壳虾和红壳虾两类进行比较,其余未知种类的暂不讨论,其可食部分有害金属元素检测结果见表5
表5可知,红壳虾的有害金属元素积蓄含量要高于青壳虾。对不同生长时期虾尾和虾黄中各有害金属元素含量进行独立样本t检验,发现虾尾和虾黄中As在不同生长时期中含量相同不具有统计学意义,且以红壳虾含量更高,而其余有害金属元素在不同生长时期中含量相同具有统计学意义。
本研究对小龙虾中17种矿物质元素和7种有害金属元素共计24种金属元素进行了检测,发现17种矿物质元素在小龙虾各部位尤其是可食部位均有检出,说明小龙虾矿物质丰富,营养价值高。虽然微量元素(Rb除外)在虾黄中的含量均高于虾尾,但虾尾的矿物质总量是高于虾黄的,且虾黄中7种有害金属元素不仅检出率高(30%~100%),甚至有超标的情况,如As,最大测量值超限量标准6.5倍,超标率高达97%,另外本研究中所有Cd超标的样品均来自于虾黄,说明虾黄对Cd的蓄积能力强,具有一定的特异性,因此消费者应当谨慎食用小龙虾虾黄。非可食部位中7种有害元素的检测值整体偏高,且超标元素的种类多、超标率高,消费者在烹饪和食用小龙虾时,应将虾线、虾腮去除干净,更不要吸食虾头。特别需要注意的是本研究发现Hg在虾尾中的含量要明显高于其他部位,虽然没有超过限量标准,但也提示消费者食用小龙虾应当适量。
目前德阳市市面销售的小龙虾以德阳本地和湖北地区为主,通过检测发现两地小龙虾对24种金属元素的富集规律一致,但各金属元素在两地小龙虾可食部位的含量各不相同,造成这种差异的原因一方面是两地养殖环境或养殖模式不同,另一方面则可能是两地养殖时投放的饲料、鱼药不同。但是这些差异不会对两地小龙虾的加工和食用造成显著影响。
对不同采样环节小龙虾可食部分分析发现,无论是虾尾还是虾黄,各有害金属元素的含量均呈现熟食大于生鲜的趋势,推测存在以下两种可能,一是在调查采样过程中,发现有餐馆存在购买散养或野生小龙虾的情况,相比规模化养殖,散户为降低养殖成本,可能存在养殖地选择不科学、养殖环境控制不严格等情况,从而导致小龙虾生长环境中存在高浓度的有害金属元素,进而富集在小龙虾体内,而野生小龙虾更是无法确保其生长环境的质量;另一种可能性则是烹饪过程,比如餐饮店的各种调味品、配菜等因质量或清洗不到位等问题引入污染物。
对于不同生长周期的小龙虾来说,理论上养殖时间越久,金属蓄积量越高,从检测结果来看,红壳虾的有害金属元素积蓄含量略微高于青壳虾。但从统计学角度来看,除虾黄中As外,其余有害金属元素在青壳虾和红壳虾中含量并无差异,这可能是由于市场需求巨大,小龙虾养殖周期变短,从虾苗到销售仅需3~6个月,积蓄时间不够,同时由于大规模养殖,政府的重视等原因,养殖环境总体在逐渐变好,环境中重金属含量也比较低[8-10]。目前看来,德阳市市售青壳虾和红壳虾在有害金属积蓄上差异并不大。
按四川省每年消费8万吨小龙虾计算[3],初步估计德阳市每人每年摄入小龙虾1 kg,实验室在前处理过程中对小龙虾可食部分进行称重,取平均值大约为虾尾22%,虾黄3%进行估算,每年每人摄入Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Al的量约为0.015 7 mg、0.079 1 mg、0.014 1 mg、0.002 17 mg、0.007 81 mg、2.59 mg、1.51 mg,根据世界卫生组织WHO制定的重金属人类暂定每周允许摄入量(PTWI)[11]以及中国营养协会制定的中国居民膳食矿物质适宜摄入量(AI)[16],按正常成年人体重60kg计,则德阳市人均摄入Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Al分别占PTWI的比例为0.010%、0.065%、0.17%、0.014%、0.023%、0.000 4%,人均摄入Cr占AI的比例为0.000 14%,人均Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Al摄入量处于安全水平。但对于小龙虾爱好者来说,摄入量太大仍存在一定的暴露风险,值得警惕。
小龙虾含有丰富的矿物质元素,营养价值高,是优质的食物来源,但同时小龙虾在水环境中也更易蓄积金属元素且不易被代谢分解[17],最终经口摄入进入人体,可能造成健康危害。研究发现,德阳市市售小龙虾中以虾线、虾头中金属元素含量最高,其次为虾黄、虾鳃,虾尾中含量最低,建议在烹饪和食用小龙虾时,适量食用虾尾,谨慎食用虾黄,去除虾线和虾鳃,不要吸食虾头,可以减少有害金属元素摄入。
  • 2021年度德阳市科技计划重点研发项目(2021SZ027)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202404550
  • 接收时间:2024-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30
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2021年度德阳市科技计划重点研发项目(2021SZ027)
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    1.德阳市疾病预防控制中心理化检验所,四川 德阳 618000
    2.安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司成都分公司

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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