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Article(id=1241023857360957940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408359, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724601600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773812744702, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812744702, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812744702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812744702, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241023847537897695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='193', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812742361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812823817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241024189247845057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241023847537897695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=315, endPage=321, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241023859357446719, articleId=1241023857360957940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the effect of social participation on cognitive weakness in middle-aged and older adults, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact of social participation on cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people, and to provide a reference for improving or maintaining the cognitive health of middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods

A total of 6 645 middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old in the 2018 China Longitudinal Survey on Influencing Factors of Elderly Health (CLHLS) were selected as the research subjects, and cognitive frailty was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Evaluation Scale (MMSE) and Frailty Index (FI). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of social participation type and intensity on cognitive weakness.

Results

The higher the participation of middle-aged and elderly people in family activities, individual activities, and group activities, the lower the incidence of cognitive weakness. High participation in family activities had the highest effect on mild (OR=0.271, 95%CI:0.228-0.321), moderate (OR=0.463, 95%CI:0.361-0.592) and severe (OR=0.079, 95%CI:0.043-0.146) cognitive frailty. The incidence of cognitive frailty was negatively moderated by high participation in family activities (OR=2.263, 95%CI:1.579-3.244), and the incidence of cognitive frailty was negatively moderated by urban middle-aged and elderly people in group activities (OR=0.459, 95%CI:0.289-0.727) and high participation (OR=0.490, 95%CI:0.331-0.725).

Conclusion

It is of great significance to increase the enthusiasm of middle-aged and elderly people for social participation, especially family activities, to delay the decline of cognitive frailty.

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目的

探讨社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响，为提升或维持中老年人认知健康水平提供参考。

方法

选取2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据中6 645名50岁以上中老年人作为研究对象，采用简易精神状态评价量表（MMSE）和衰弱指数（FI）评价认知衰弱。采用多元logistic回归模型分析社会参与类型及强度对认知衰弱的影响。

结果

中老年人的家庭活动、个人活动、群体活动参与度越高，表现出的认知衰弱发生率越低；家庭活动高参与对轻度(OR=0.271,95%CI：0.228~0.321)、中度（OR=0.463，95%CI：0.361~0.592）和重度（OR=0.079，95%CI：0.043~0.146）认知衰弱的影响程度最高；女性中老年人在家庭活动高参与中对认知衰弱发生率起负向调节作用（OR=2.263，95%CI：1.579~3.244），城镇中老年人在群体活动中参与（OR=0.459，95%CI：0.289~0.727）和高参与（OR=0.490，95%CI：0.331~0.725）中对认知衰弱发生率起负向调节作用。

结论

提高中老年人对社会参与的积极性，尤其是家庭活动，对延缓认知衰弱水平的下降具有重要意义。

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周建裕，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TM6Rq5X8IK6KFVhAmDqURA==, magXml=2bRkKWVwX4IcK2wobWxZ6g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=or2AebH2Vel1EHtx7AAogg==, pdfFileSize=804709, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aZqHE3KyWiGZ8YyqlM7WFQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ePjEYttxcc/cwb4PFjPEhg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴锦萍（1998—），女，硕士，研究方向：卫生法学，人口健康

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吴锦萍（1998—），女，硕士，研究方向：卫生法学，人口健康

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Keyword(id=1241023865506295838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=认知衰弱), Keyword(id=1241023865615347749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=老年人)], refs=[Reference(id=1241023869780291800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=91, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张冲, 梁晓林, journalName=医学与社会, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张冲，梁晓林．健康状况在社会参与和老年人主观幸福感之间的作用分析[J].医学与社会，2023, 36(5): 91-96., articleTitle=健康状况在社会参与和老年人主观幸福感之间的作用分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023869876760800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=91, 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of the type of social participation on cognitive function in older adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023874335306076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=王瑜龙, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王瑜龙．中国老年人社交活动及其影响研究[D]．长春：吉林大学，2023., articleTitle=中国老年人社交活动及其影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241023874402414942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Wang YL, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YL. Social activities and their impact among older people in China[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2023. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Social activities and their impact among older people in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241023869537022151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, awardId=23ARK001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重点项目(23ARK001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241023869641879755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, awardId=ZR2022MG007, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241023861202940659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, xref=1．, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861207134964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, companyId=1241023861202940659, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861219717877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, companyId=1241023861202940659, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1．山东第二医科大学管理学院，山东　潍坊　261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241023861379101450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, xref=2．, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241023861421044498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, companyId=1241023861379101450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2．山东第二医科大学护理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241023865833451572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Simple slope of high participation in family activities and cognitive decline at different gender levels, figureFileSmall=4fDAmKtJ/+bRC6AeGGuwoQ==, figureFileBig=aZqHE3KyWiGZ8YyqlM7WFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023865921531967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同性别水平下家庭活动高参与和认知衰弱的简单斜率, figureFileSmall=4fDAmKtJ/+bRC6AeGGuwoQ==, figureFileBig=aZqHE3KyWiGZ8YyqlM7WFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023867624419405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Simple slopes of participation and cognitive weakness in group activities under different urban-rural types, figureFileSmall=19a4dscLE8O5y0Zdcm71NA==, figureFileBig=D9YEf8FyrWs5AKXxAWNOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023867741859926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同城乡类型下群体活动中参与和认知衰弱的简单斜率, figureFileSmall=19a4dscLE8O5y0Zdcm71NA==, figureFileBig=D9YEf8FyrWs5AKXxAWNOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023867871883357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The simple slope of high participation and cognitive decline of group activities under different urban-rural types, figureFileSmall=KTV7er0m2II/0udPyCGkbw==, figureFileBig=+91xSfLnfEUcgBgFGptIQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023868056432740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同城乡类型下群体活动高参与和认知衰弱的简单斜率, figureFileSmall=KTV7er0m2II/0udPyCGkbw==, figureFileBig=+91xSfLnfEUcgBgFGptIQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241023868207427695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptions of cognitive weakness in older adults with different characteristics[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数认知衰弱χ2值P值
健康轻度认知障碍或衰弱中度认知衰弱重度认知衰弱
社会参与家庭活动不参与2 535273(10.8)1 863(73.5)229(9.0)170(6.7)933.164<0.001
低参与32296(29.8)192(59.6)29(9.0)5(1.6)
中参与402127(31.6)224(55.7)47(11.7)4(1.0)
高参与3 3861 476(43.6)1 544(45.6)352(10.4)14(0.4)
个人活动不参与1 330122(9.2)925(69.5)158(11.9)125(9.4)648.821<0.001
低参与33457(17.1)230(68.9)37(11.1)10(3.0)
中参与650145(22.3)421(64.8)69(10.6)15(2.3)
高参与4 3311 648(38.1)2 639(51.9)448(9.1)57(1.0)
群体活动不参与2 015244(12.1)1 444(71.7)169(8.4)158(7.8)726.799<0.001
低参与939268(28.5)552(58.8)107(11.4)12(1.3)
中参与1 082361(33.4)576(53.2)138(12.8)7(0.6)
高参与2 6091 099(42.1)1 251(47.9)243(9.3)16(0.6)
年龄（岁）中低龄2 6961 392(51.6)1 137(42.2)164(6.1)3(0.1)1 111.151<0.001
高龄3 949580(14.7)2 686(68.0)493(12.5)190(4.8)
性别男3 0151 150(38.1)1 574(52.2)237(7.9)54(1.8)206.998<0.001
女3 630822(22.6)2 249(62.0)420(11.6)139(3.8)
教育背景未受教育2 933454(15.5)1 884(64.2)437(14.9)158(5.4)683.066<0.001
小学2 279876(38.4)1 191(52.3)183(8.0)29(1.3)
中学及以上1 433642(44.8)748(52.2)37(2.6)6(0.4)
婚姻状况无配偶3 559584(16.4)2 371(66.6)425(11.9)179(5.0)716.432<0.001
有配偶3 0861 388(45.0)1 452(47.1)232(7.5)14(0.5)
家庭经济状况较差612109(17.8)400(65.4)78(12.7)25(4.1)90.537<0.001
中等4 735137(29.1)2 733(57.7)478(10.1)148(4.6)
较好1 298487(37.5)690(53.2)101(7.8)20(1.5)
居住地城镇2 113636(30.1)1 307(61.9)127(6.0)43(2.0)65.408<0.001
农村4 5321 336(29.5)2 516(55.5)530(11.7)150(3.3)
吸烟否5 5831 522(27.3)3 324(59.5)556(10.0)181(3.2)106.977<0.001
是1 062450(42.4)499(47.0)101(9.5)12(1.1)
饮酒否5 6181 512(26.9)3 355(59.7)570(10.1)181(3.2)138.788<0.001
是1 027460(44.8)468(45.6)87(8.5)12(1.2)
体育锻炼否4 279978(22.9)2 704(63.2)417(9.7)180(4.2)325.722<0.001
是2 366994(42.0)1 119(47.3)240(10.1)13(0.5)
医疗服务可及性不能17720(11.3)117(66.1)28(15.8)12(6.8)38.889<0.001
能6 4681 952(30.2)3 706(57.3)629(9.7)181(2.8)
家庭支持不支持20938(18.2)135(64.6)29(13.9)7(3.3)15.0960.002
支持6 4361 934(30.0)3 688(57.3)628(9.8)186(2.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868383588474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征中老年人认知衰弱基本情况描述[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数认知衰弱χ2值P值
健康轻度认知障碍或衰弱中度认知衰弱重度认知衰弱
社会参与家庭活动不参与2 535273(10.8)1 863(73.5)229(9.0)170(6.7)933.164<0.001
低参与32296(29.8)192(59.6)29(9.0)5(1.6)
中参与402127(31.6)224(55.7)47(11.7)4(1.0)
高参与3 3861 476(43.6)1 544(45.6)352(10.4)14(0.4)
个人活动不参与1 330122(9.2)925(69.5)158(11.9)125(9.4)648.821<0.001
低参与33457(17.1)230(68.9)37(11.1)10(3.0)
中参与650145(22.3)421(64.8)69(10.6)15(2.3)
高参与4 3311 648(38.1)2 639(51.9)448(9.1)57(1.0)
群体活动不参与2 015244(12.1)1 444(71.7)169(8.4)158(7.8)726.799<0.001
低参与939268(28.5)552(58.8)107(11.4)12(1.3)
中参与1 082361(33.4)576(53.2)138(12.8)7(0.6)
高参与2 6091 099(42.1)1 251(47.9)243(9.3)16(0.6)
年龄（岁）中低龄2 6961 392(51.6)1 137(42.2)164(6.1)3(0.1)1 111.151<0.001
高龄3 949580(14.7)2 686(68.0)493(12.5)190(4.8)
性别男3 0151 150(38.1)1 574(52.2)237(7.9)54(1.8)206.998<0.001
女3 630822(22.6)2 249(62.0)420(11.6)139(3.8)
教育背景未受教育2 933454(15.5)1 884(64.2)437(14.9)158(5.4)683.066<0.001
小学2 279876(38.4)1 191(52.3)183(8.0)29(1.3)
中学及以上1 433642(44.8)748(52.2)37(2.6)6(0.4)
婚姻状况无配偶3 559584(16.4)2 371(66.6)425(11.9)179(5.0)716.432<0.001
有配偶3 0861 388(45.0)1 452(47.1)232(7.5)14(0.5)
家庭经济状况较差612109(17.8)400(65.4)78(12.7)25(4.1)90.537<0.001
中等4 735137(29.1)2 733(57.7)478(10.1)148(4.6)
较好1 298487(37.5)690(53.2)101(7.8)20(1.5)
居住地城镇2 113636(30.1)1 307(61.9)127(6.0)43(2.0)65.408<0.001
农村4 5321 336(29.5)2 516(55.5)530(11.7)150(3.3)
吸烟否5 5831 522(27.3)3 324(59.5)556(10.0)181(3.2)106.977<0.001
是1 062450(42.4)499(47.0)101(9.5)12(1.1)
饮酒否5 6181 512(26.9)3 355(59.7)570(10.1)181(3.2)138.788<0.001
是1 027460(44.8)468(45.6)87(8.5)12(1.2)
体育锻炼否4 279978(22.9)2 704(63.2)417(9.7)180(4.2)325.722<0.001
是2 366994(42.0)1 119(47.3)240(10.1)13(0.5)
医疗服务可及性不能17720(11.3)117(66.1)28(15.8)12(6.8)38.889<0.001
能6 4681 952(30.2)3 706(57.3)629(9.7)181(2.8)
家庭支持不支持20938(18.2)135(64.6)29(13.9)7(3.3)15.0960.002
支持6 4361 934(30.0)3 688(57.3)628(9.8)186(2.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868572332167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment in multiple logistic regression models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型变量名称变量描述
自变量参与类型参与强度
家庭活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
个人活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
群体活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
因变量认知衰弱健康=0，轻度认知障碍或衰弱=1，中度认知衰弱=2，重度认知衰弱=3
控制变量年龄1=中低龄（50~79岁），2=高龄（≥80岁）
性别0=男，1=女
教育背景0=未受教育，1=小学，2=中学及以上
婚姻状况0=无配偶，1=有配偶
家庭经济状况0=较差，1=中等，2=较好
居住地0=城镇，1=农村
吸烟0=否，1=是
饮酒0=否，1=是
体育锻炼0=否，1=是
医疗服务可及性0=不能，1=能
家庭支持0=不支持，1=支持
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868731715731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多元logistic回归模型中变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型变量名称变量描述
自变量参与类型参与强度
家庭活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
个人活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
群体活动不参与=0，低参与=1，中参与=2，高参与=3
因变量认知衰弱健康=0，轻度认知障碍或衰弱=1，中度认知衰弱=2，重度认知衰弱=3
控制变量年龄1=中低龄（50~79岁），2=高龄（≥80岁）
性别0=男，1=女
教育背景0=未受教育，1=小学，2=中学及以上
婚姻状况0=无配偶，1=有配偶
家庭经济状况0=较差，1=中等，2=较好
居住地0=城镇，1=农村
吸烟0=否，1=是
饮酒0=否，1=是
体育锻炼0=否，1=是
医疗服务可及性0=不能，1=能
家庭支持0=不支持，1=支持
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868836573338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple logistic regression results of social participation on cognitivedecline in middle-aged and older adults[OR value (95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1：轻度认知障碍或衰弱模型2：中度认知衰弱模型3：重度认知衰弱
社会参与(ref:不参与)
家庭活动
低参与0.488a（0.357~0.667）0.606b（0.372~0.990）0.342b（0.129~0.909）
中参与0.486a（0.367~0.644）0.811（0.537~1.225）0.235b（0.081~0.677）
高参与0.271a（0.228~0.321）0.463a（0.361~0.592）0.079a（0.043~0.146）
个人活动
低参与0.873（0.592~1.287）0.792（0.475~1.320）0.458b（0.211~0.992）
中参与0.839（0.621~1.134）0.791（0.530~1.180）0.452b（0.239~0.853）
高参与0.608a（0.482~0.767）0.707b（0.526~0.952）0.283a（0.180~0.446）
群体活动
低参与0.592a（0.471~0.745）0.981（0.706~1.361）0.234a（0.122~0.448）
中参与0.561a（0.451~0.697）1.017（0.747~1.386）0.140a（0.063~0.314）
高参与0.478a（0.397~0.577）0.664b（0.503~0.876）0.189a（0.105~0.341）
年龄（ref:中低龄）2.695a（2.317~3.134）3.782a（2.972~4.811）14.041a（4.252~46.362）
性别(ref:男)1.720a（1.471~2.012）1.626a（1.281~2.062）1.562b（1.039~2.349）
教育背景（ref:未受教育）
小学0.711a（0.604~0.838）0.425a（0.336~0.538）0.424a（0.263~0.684）
中学及以上0.848（0.691~1.042）0.182a（1.121~0.273）0.290b（0.117~0.719）
婚姻状况(ref:无配偶)0.665a（0.573~0.771）0.693b（0.553~0.868）0.271a（0.148~0.495）
家庭经济状况(ref:较差)
中等0.475a（0.369~0.610）0.507a（0.362~0.711）0.440b（0.255~0.761）
较好0.312a（0.235~0.414）0.340a（0.228~0.508）0.186a（0.092~0.378）
居住地(ref:城镇)0.720a（0.614~0.843）1.151（0.893~1.485）0.807（0.532~1.224）
吸烟(ref:否)0.827b（0.690~0.991）1.002（0.756~1.327）0.585（0.303~1.130）
饮酒(ref:否)0.675a（0.566~0.805）0.707b（0.533~0.937）0.474b（0.247~0.911）
体育锻炼(ref:否)0.658a（0.573~0.755）1.034（0.837~1.277）0.352b（0.189~0.655）
医疗服务可及性(ref:不能)0.460b（0.271~0.781）0.378b（0.201~0.710）0.320b（0.136~0.754）
家庭支持(ref:不支持)0.819（0.537~1.249）0.600（0.347~1.036）0.748（0.299~1.870）
), ArticleFig(id=1241023868945625250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的多元logistic回归结果[OR值（95%CI）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1：轻度认知障碍或衰弱模型2：中度认知衰弱模型3：重度认知衰弱
社会参与(ref:不参与)
家庭活动
低参与0.488a（0.357~0.667）0.606b（0.372~0.990）0.342b（0.129~0.909）
中参与0.486a（0.367~0.644）0.811（0.537~1.225）0.235b（0.081~0.677）
高参与0.271a（0.228~0.321）0.463a（0.361~0.592）0.079a（0.043~0.146）
个人活动
低参与0.873（0.592~1.287）0.792（0.475~1.320）0.458b（0.211~0.992）
中参与0.839（0.621~1.134）0.791（0.530~1.180）0.452b（0.239~0.853）
高参与0.608a（0.482~0.767）0.707b（0.526~0.952）0.283a（0.180~0.446）
群体活动
低参与0.592a（0.471~0.745）0.981（0.706~1.361）0.234a（0.122~0.448）
中参与0.561a（0.451~0.697）1.017（0.747~1.386）0.140a（0.063~0.314）
高参与0.478a（0.397~0.577）0.664b（0.503~0.876）0.189a（0.105~0.341）
年龄（ref:中低龄）2.695a（2.317~3.134）3.782a（2.972~4.811）14.041a（4.252~46.362）
性别(ref:男)1.720a（1.471~2.012）1.626a（1.281~2.062）1.562b（1.039~2.349）
教育背景（ref:未受教育）
小学0.711a（0.604~0.838）0.425a（0.336~0.538）0.424a（0.263~0.684）
中学及以上0.848（0.691~1.042）0.182a（1.121~0.273）0.290b（0.117~0.719）
婚姻状况(ref:无配偶)0.665a（0.573~0.771）0.693b（0.553~0.868）0.271a（0.148~0.495）
家庭经济状况(ref:较差)
中等0.475a（0.369~0.610）0.507a（0.362~0.711）0.440b（0.255~0.761）
较好0.312a（0.235~0.414）0.340a（0.228~0.508）0.186a（0.092~0.378）
居住地(ref:城镇)0.720a（0.614~0.843）1.151（0.893~1.485）0.807（0.532~1.224）
吸烟(ref:否)0.827b（0.690~0.991）1.002（0.756~1.327）0.585（0.303~1.130）
饮酒(ref:否)0.675a（0.566~0.805）0.707b（0.533~0.937）0.474b（0.247~0.911）
体育锻炼(ref:否)0.658a（0.573~0.755）1.034（0.837~1.277）0.352b（0.189~0.655）
医疗服务可及性(ref:不能)0.460b（0.271~0.781）0.378b（0.201~0.710）0.320b（0.136~0.754）
家庭支持(ref:不支持)0.819（0.537~1.249）0.600（0.347~1.036）0.748（0.299~1.870）
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869054677162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of the moderating effect of gender participation in social participation on cognitive frailty

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误OR值（95%CI）P值
社会参与（不参与=0）
家庭活动
低参与-1.1760.2920.308（0.174~0.547）<0.001
低参与×性别0.3660.3401.422（0.741~2.807）0.281
中参与-1.2050.2630.300（0.179~0.501）<0.001
中参与×性别0.2670.3061.305（0.716~2.379）0.384
高参与-2.1600.1560.115（0.085~0.157）<0.001
高参与×性别0.8170.1842.263（1.579~3.244）<0.001
个人活动
低参与-0.4780.2470.620（0.382~1.007）0.053
低参与×性别0.2800.3731.323（0.637~2.748）0.453
中参与-0.6110.1910.543（0.374~0.789）0.001
中参与×性别0.1580.2891.171（0.665~2.063）0.585
高参与-0.9880.1420.373（0.282~0.492）<0.001
高参与×性别-0.0830.2180.920（0.600~1.411）0.703
群体活动
低参与-0.3670.1630.693（0.503~0.953）0.024
低参与×性别-0.3830.2190.682（0.444~1.047）0.080
中参与-0.6010.1500.548（0.409~0.735）<0.001
中参与×性别-0.1020.2050.903（0.604~1.350）0.620
高参与-0.7900.1300.454（0.352~0.585）<0.001
高参与×性别-0.2460.1740.782（0.556~1.101）0.158
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869167923375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

性别在社会参与对认知衰弱的调节作用分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误OR值（95%CI）P值
社会参与（不参与=0）
家庭活动
低参与-1.1760.2920.308（0.174~0.547）<0.001
低参与×性别0.3660.3401.422（0.741~2.807）0.281
中参与-1.2050.2630.300（0.179~0.501）<0.001
中参与×性别0.2670.3061.305（0.716~2.379）0.384
高参与-2.1600.1560.115（0.085~0.157）<0.001
高参与×性别0.8170.1842.263（1.579~3.244）<0.001
个人活动
低参与-0.4780.2470.620（0.382~1.007）0.053
低参与×性别0.2800.3731.323（0.637~2.748）0.453
中参与-0.6110.1910.543（0.374~0.789）0.001
中参与×性别0.1580.2891.171（0.665~2.063）0.585
高参与-0.9880.1420.373（0.282~0.492）<0.001
高参与×性别-0.0830.2180.920（0.600~1.411）0.703
群体活动
低参与-0.3670.1630.693（0.503~0.953）0.024
低参与×性别-0.3830.2190.682（0.444~1.047）0.080
中参与-0.6010.1500.548（0.409~0.735）<0.001
中参与×性别-0.1020.2050.903（0.604~1.350）0.620
高参与-0.7900.1300.454（0.352~0.585）<0.001
高参与×性别-0.2460.1740.782（0.556~1.101）0.158
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869310529718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of the moderating effect of urban and rural social participation on cognitive decline

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误OR值（95%CI）P值
社会参与(不参与=0)
家庭活动
低参与-0.8340.1850.434（0.302~0.624）<0.001
低参与×城乡-0.2640.2950.768（0.430~1.370）0.371
中参与-0.9340.1670.393（0.283~0.545）<0.001
中参与×城乡-0.1610.2680.851（0.504~1.439）0.548
高参与-1.3000.0950.272（0.226~0.328）<0.001
高参与×城乡-0.2740.1640.760（0.552~1.048）0.094
个人活动
低参与-0.4250.1990.653（0.443~0.965）0.032
低参与×城乡-0.1320.5130.876（0.321~2.395）0.797
中参与-0.6750.1530.509（0.377~0.688）<0.001
中参与×城乡0.0150.4141.015（0.451~2.284）0.971
高参与-1.2930.1140.274（0.220~0.343）<0.001
高参与×城乡0.1230.3431.131（0.578~2.216）0.719
群体活动
低参与-0.5220.1260.593（0.463~0.760）<0.001
低参与×城乡-0.4140.2430.661（0.411~1.064）0.088
中参与-0.4960.1170.609（0.484~0.766）<0.001
中参与×城乡-0.7790.2350.459（0.289~0.727）0.001
高参与-0.7720.1000.462（0.380~0.562）<0.001
高参与×城乡-0.7130.2000.490（0.331~0.725）<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241023869415387326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241023857360957940, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

城乡在社会参与对认知衰弱的调节作用分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误OR值（95%CI）P值
社会参与(不参与=0)
家庭活动
低参与-0.8340.1850.434（0.302~0.624）<0.001
低参与×城乡-0.2640.2950.768（0.430~1.370）0.371
中参与-0.9340.1670.393（0.283~0.545）<0.001
中参与×城乡-0.1610.2680.851（0.504~1.439）0.548
高参与-1.3000.0950.272（0.226~0.328）<0.001
高参与×城乡-0.2740.1640.760（0.552~1.048）0.094
个人活动
低参与-0.4250.1990.653（0.443~0.965）0.032
低参与×城乡-0.1320.5130.876（0.321~2.395）0.797
中参与-0.6750.1530.509（0.377~0.688）<0.001
中参与×城乡0.0150.4141.015（0.451~2.284）0.971
高参与-1.2930.1140.274（0.220~0.343）<0.001
高参与×城乡0.1230.3431.131（0.578~2.216）0.719
群体活动
低参与-0.5220.1260.593（0.463~0.760）<0.001
低参与×城乡-0.4140.2430.661（0.411~1.064）0.088
中参与-0.4960.1170.609（0.484~0.766）<0.001
中参与×城乡-0.7790.2350.459（0.289~0.727）0.001
高参与-0.7720.1000.462（0.380~0.562）<0.001
高参与×城乡-0.7130.2000.490（0.331~0.725）<0.001
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社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响效应分析
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吴锦萍 1 , 田函 1 , 张妍 1 , 吴炳义 1 , 董惠玲 2 , 周建裕 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(2): 315-321
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(2): 315-321
社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响效应分析
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吴锦萍1, 田函1, 张妍1, 吴炳义1, 董惠玲2, 周建裕1
作者信息
  • 1．山东第二医科大学管理学院，山东　潍坊　261053
  • 2．山东第二医科大学护理学院

    • 吴锦萍（1998—），女，硕士，研究方向：卫生法学，人口健康

通讯作者:

周建裕，E-mail：
Analysis of the effect of social participation on cognitive weakness in middle-aged and older adults
Jin-ping WU1, Han TIAN1, Yan ZHANG1, Bing-yi WU1, Hui-ling DONG2, Jian-yu ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408359
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摘要
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目的

探讨社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响，为提升或维持中老年人认知健康水平提供参考。

方法

选取2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据中6 645名50岁以上中老年人作为研究对象，采用简易精神状态评价量表（MMSE）和衰弱指数（FI）评价认知衰弱。采用多元logistic回归模型分析社会参与类型及强度对认知衰弱的影响。

结果

中老年人的家庭活动、个人活动、群体活动参与度越高，表现出的认知衰弱发生率越低；家庭活动高参与对轻度(OR=0.271,95%CI：0.228~0.321)、中度（OR=0.463，95%CI：0.361~0.592）和重度（OR=0.079，95%CI：0.043~0.146）认知衰弱的影响程度最高；女性中老年人在家庭活动高参与中对认知衰弱发生率起负向调节作用（OR=2.263，95%CI：1.579~3.244），城镇中老年人在群体活动中参与（OR=0.459，95%CI：0.289~0.727）和高参与（OR=0.490，95%CI：0.331~0.725）中对认知衰弱发生率起负向调节作用。

结论

提高中老年人对社会参与的积极性，尤其是家庭活动，对延缓认知衰弱水平的下降具有重要意义。

社会参与  /  认知衰弱  /  老年人
Objective

To explore the impact of social participation on cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly people, and to provide a reference for improving or maintaining the cognitive health of middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods

A total of 6 645 middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old in the 2018 China Longitudinal Survey on Influencing Factors of Elderly Health (CLHLS) were selected as the research subjects, and cognitive frailty was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Evaluation Scale (MMSE) and Frailty Index (FI). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of social participation type and intensity on cognitive weakness.

Results

The higher the participation of middle-aged and elderly people in family activities, individual activities, and group activities, the lower the incidence of cognitive weakness. High participation in family activities had the highest effect on mild (OR=0.271, 95%CI:0.228-0.321), moderate (OR=0.463, 95%CI:0.361-0.592) and severe (OR=0.079, 95%CI:0.043-0.146) cognitive frailty. The incidence of cognitive frailty was negatively moderated by high participation in family activities (OR=2.263, 95%CI:1.579-3.244), and the incidence of cognitive frailty was negatively moderated by urban middle-aged and elderly people in group activities (OR=0.459, 95%CI:0.289-0.727) and high participation (OR=0.490, 95%CI:0.331-0.725).

Conclusion

It is of great significance to increase the enthusiasm of middle-aged and elderly people for social participation, especially family activities, to delay the decline of cognitive frailty.

Social participation  /  Cognitive weakness  /  Senior citizen
吴锦萍, 田函, 张妍, 吴炳义, 董惠玲, 周建裕. 社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (2) : 315 -321 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408359
Jin-ping WU, Han TIAN, Yan ZHANG, Bing-yi WU, Hui-ling DONG, Jian-yu ZHOU. Analysis of the effect of social participation on cognitive weakness in middle-aged and older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (2) : 315 -321 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408359
正文
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第七次全国人口普查显示，65岁以上老年人口占比达到13.5%，较第六次人口普查数据上升了4.7个百分点[1]。另据联合国《世界人口展望2022》预测，2050年，我国60岁及以上老年人口将超过5亿人，占总人口的比例将近40%[2]。高速增长的老年人口不仅会对我国医疗与养老事业带来负担，也会对健康的可持续发展带来多维度的挑战。在此背景下，预防和控制老年疾病，推进我国健康老龄化和积极老龄化已成为社会发展共识。
认知衰弱是指在排除阿尔兹海默症或其他类型痴呆的情况下，认知障碍和躯体衰弱共存的状态，通常表现为记忆力、注意力等方面的减退。这种现象在老年人中尤为常见，随着老龄化加剧，认知衰弱问题愈发突出。以往有学者探索了心理因素、生活方式、生化因素与认知衰弱的相关性[3-5]，也有学者关注了社会参与和认知衰弱的关联[6]，但作为影响中老年人健康的重要社会因素，一些学者对社会参与和认知衰弱划分较为宽泛。鉴于此，本研究基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据（CLHLS），探索了社会参与类型及强度对我国中老年人认知衰弱的影响效应，并分析了性别、城乡所发挥的调节作用。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
本研究采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据，该数据涵盖了15 674名65岁以上老年人及其35~64岁成年子女，调查内容丰富，能为本研究提供关键数据支持。基于质量要求，对数据进行整理，纳入标准：研究人群个人资料数据完整准确。排除标准：（1）已患有痴呆；（2）关键变量缺失。最终获得6 645个有效观测样本。
1.2　变量选取
1.2.1　因变量
本研究以认知衰弱类别（健康、轻度认知障碍或衰弱、中度认知衰弱、重度认知衰弱）为因变量。
认知功能使用简易精神状况量表（Mini-Mental Stata Examination，MMSE）评价。本研究借鉴陈涛的方法[7]，对认知功能逆向记分。将认知功能分为：认知功能较好（MMSE≤3分），轻度认知障碍（4≤MMSE≤20），重度认知障碍（21≤MMSE≤30）[7]。
通过衰弱指数（Frailty Index，FI）反映躯体衰弱。阳性回答=1，阴性回答=0。FI=阳性得分之和/总分，将其划分为健康（FI≤0.10），衰弱前状态（0.10<FI<0.25），衰弱状态（FI≥0.25）[7]。
据2013年国际营养与老龄化学会对认知衰弱的界定：同时存在身体衰弱和认知损害，并排除痴呆或其他类型痴呆[8]。利用“您是否患有以下慢性病—痴呆”排除患有痴呆的研究对象。认知衰弱可分为：健康（MMSE≤3分）且（FI≤0.10），轻度认知障碍或衰弱（4≤MMSE≤30）或（FI>0.10），中度认知衰弱（4≤MMSE≤20）且（0.10<FI<0.25），重度认知衰弱（21≤MMSE≤30）且（FI≥0.25）[7]编码为0、1、2、3。
1.2.2　自变量
本研究以社会参与的类型及强度为自变量。选取社会参与的11项活动，并划分为家庭活动（家务、饲养家禽家畜）、个人活动（种花养宠物、阅读书报、看电视听广播）和群体活动（参加有组织的活动、太极拳、广场舞、串门和与朋友交往、打牌或打麻将等、其他户外活动）三种类型；同时纳入对频率的研究，将每种活动划分为四种强度：不参与（“不参加”）、低参与（“不是每月但有时”“不是每周，但每月至少一次”）、中参与（“不是每天，但每周至少一次”）、高参与（ “几乎每天”）[9]。将类型与强度相结合，编码为0、1、2、3。
1.2.3　控制变量
根据以往文献梳理[10-11]，本研究控制变量包括年龄、性别、教育背景、婚姻状况、家庭经济状况、居住地、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、医疗服务可及性、家庭支持。
1.3　统计分析
采用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析，计数资料采用频数和构成比描述；采用卡方检验进行单因素分析；采用多元logistic回归分析社会参与类型及强度对中老年人认知衰弱的影响；检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　描述性分析
共纳入6 645例中老年人。健康1 972例，占比29.7%，轻度认知障碍或衰弱3 823例，占比57.5%，中度认知衰弱657例，占比9.9%，重度认知衰弱193例，占比2.9%。具体情况详见表1。
由表1可知，不同社会参与、年龄、性别、教育背景、婚姻状况、家庭经济状况、居住地、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、医疗服务可及性、家庭支持的认知衰弱程度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
2.2　社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱影响的回归分析
2.2.1　共线性诊断
多重共线性检验结果显示，logisitic模型中，各变量方差膨胀因子（VIF）均小于5，模型不存在多重共线性问题，通过检验。
2.2.2　模型构建及结果
由于本研究将认知衰弱分为健康、轻度认知障碍或衰弱、中度认知衰弱、重度认知衰弱四个水平，为有序多分类变量，在理论上可构建有序多分类logistic回归模型。但对该回归模型进行估计时，未通过平行性检验（P<0.05）。因此，本研究以健康组为参照，将单因素分析有统计学意义的变量作为自变量构建无序多分类logistic回归模型。变量赋值见表2，模型结果整理见表3。
模型拟合结果显示，P<0.05，说明95%的置信水平下，即回归模型至少存在一个变量的偏回归系数不为0，表明模型显著且具有统计学意义。拟合优度偏差P>0.05，即在95%的置信水平下，模型拟合较好。
模型1结果显示，家庭活动、群体活动、个人活动高参与能显著降低中老年人轻度认知障碍或衰弱的发生率；中老年人社会参与强度越大，越有利于降低其轻度认知障碍或衰弱的发生率；家庭活动高参与对轻度认知障碍或衰弱的发生率影响程度最大。
模型2结果显示，家庭活动低参与和高参与、个人活动高参与、群体活动高参与对中老年人中度认知衰弱的发生率具有负向影响；社会参与对中老年中度认知衰弱的影响由高到低是：家庭活动高参与、家庭活动低参与、群体活动高参与、个人活动高参与。
模型3结果显示，家庭活动、个人活动、群体活动对降低重度认知衰弱的发生率存在积极影响；社会参与频率越高，重度认知衰弱发生率越低；家庭活动高参与对重度认知衰弱的影响程度最深。
2.3　性别、城乡在社会参与中对中老年人认知衰弱影响的调节作用
本研究的单因素分析结果（见表1）及理论上看，社会参与类型及强度与中老年人的性别和城乡差异高度相关，因此有必要探讨不同性别、城乡在社会参与对认知衰弱影响的调节效应。为了从整体上进行调节效应的检验，本部分将认知衰弱进行哑变量处理（0=非认知衰弱，1=认知衰弱），以社会参与类型及强度为自变量，性别（0=女，1=男）、城乡（0=农村，1=城镇）为调节变量，并分别与社会参与建立交互项，构建二分类变量回归的调节效应模型。结果见表4、表5。
2.3.1　性别在社会参与对认知衰弱的调节作用分析
表4结果显示，家庭活动高参与和性别的交互项(P<0.001)具有统计学意义。家庭活动高参与的回归系数为负，交叉项的回归系数为正，系数方向相反，表明性别削弱了家庭活动对中老年人认知衰弱的负向影响。由斜率图（见图1）可知，比起男性中老年人，高参与的家庭活动更利于降低女性认知衰弱患病率。
2.3.2　城乡在社会参与对认知衰弱的调节作用分析
表5结果显示，群体活动中参与和城乡、群体活动高参与和城乡的交互项(P<0.05)具有统计学意义。群体活动中参与和高参与的回归系数为负，交叉项回归系数为负，系数方向相同，表明调节变量城乡强化了群体活动对中老年人认知衰弱的负向影响。由斜率图（见图2、3）可知，比起农村中老年人，越高的群体活动参与度越有利于降低城镇中老年人认知衰弱风险。
3　讨论
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本研究利用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据，探讨社会参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响，以期为认知衰弱的预防控制提供科学依据。
(1)社会参与度越高，中老年人认知衰弱发生率越低。该研究结果佐证了以往学者的研究结论[12-13]。首先，中老年人能够通过参与社区活动激发思维能力，延缓大脑衰老，降低认知衰弱风险。其次，通过参加社会活动还能增强中老年人的自我效能感和生活满意度[14-15]，进而利用这种积极心态维护认知功能。
(2)家庭活动高参与对中老年人认知衰弱的影响程度最高，与阙霜[16]的研究结果一致。家庭活动为中老年人提供了丰富的社交互动机会，能够通过刺激老年人大脑，增强认知能力。此外，家庭活动还能够促进情感交流，增强家庭成员之间的支持与关爱，进而对认知功能产生积极影响[16]。
(3)社会参与类型及强度对认知衰弱的影响在性别、城乡中存在差异。性别上，家庭活动高参与更有利于降低女性中老年人认知衰弱发生率。这与“男主外、女主内”的传统观念密不可分，女性更倾向于家庭活动，这种情感性和社交性的参与有助于增强认知功能[17]。在城乡差异方面，群体活动中参与和高参与更有利于降低城镇中老年人的认知衰弱发生率，与王瑜龙[18]的研究结果一致。城镇拥有更丰富的社会资源，能使城镇中老年人在参加群体活动改善身体和认知上更具优势。
针对上述研究结论，本研究提出以下对策建议。首先，政府发挥引领作用，通过政策导向、舆论宣传等渠道，调动中老年人社会参与的积极性；其次，社区积极组织开展形式多样的社会活动，提高中老年人的交流互动；最后，中老年人摒弃“老年无用论”的陈旧思想，深入发掘自身优势，找到适合自己的社会参与切入点。此外，针对不同性别、城乡提出差异化措施。对女性中老年人，积极倡导其参与家务活动，强调这些日常活动在改善认知衰弱上的关键作用。对于城镇中老年人，着重加强基本公共服务供给，特别是能够促进中老年人群体参与的项目。
本研究采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）横断面数据进行研究，无法证实中老年人社会参与和认知衰弱的因果关系，后续需要借鉴多年纵向数据进行更深入的分析。
基金
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  • 国家社会科学基金重点项目(23ARK001)
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG007)
文献
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2025年第52卷第2期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408359
  • 接收时间：2024-08-26
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-26
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(23ARK001)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG007)
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    1．山东第二医科大学管理学院，山东　潍坊　261053
    2．山东第二医科大学护理学院

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周建裕，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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